K. SHAMRAO vs. ASSISTANT CHARITY COMMNR.

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 1 of 3 CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 1534 of 1995 PETITIONER: K. Shamrao & Ors. RESPONDENT: Assistant Charity Commissioner DATE OF JUDGMENT: 04/03/2003 BENCH: Y.K. Sabharwal & H.K. Sema JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T Y.K. Sabharwal, J. Whether Assistant Charity Commissioner appointed under Section 5 of the Bombay Publi c Trust Act, 1950 (for short, the Act’) as applicable to Karnataka is a ’court’ for the pur poses of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 is the question involved in this appeal. The contempt proceedings have been initiated against the appellants in the High Court on ref erence made by the Assistant Charity Commissioner, Belgaum for taking contempt action as a r esult of publications in a daily newspaper. The three original appellants were the Managing Editor, Editor, Printer and Publisher respectively of the said publication. The first appe llant died during the pendency of the appeal and, therefore, the appeal in so far as the sai d appellant is concerned stands abated. The items published in the said newspaper on three dates were said to be scandalous and intended to interfere with the administration of justic e. It is not necessary to go into the factual matrix since the present appeal has been filed against the judgment of the High Court deciding a preliminary objection raised by the appellants before the High Court. The objection was that the Assistant Charity Commissioner is not a Court and, therefore, contempt action cannot be initiated against them. The High Court, overruling that objection, has held that the Assistant Charity Commissioner under the Act is a court within the meaning of Sections 2 and 3 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971. The decision of the High Court on the preliminary objection is under challenge in the prese nt appeal. The Assistant Charity Commissioner was a Civil Judge working in the judicial departm ent of the State. His services were placed at the disposal of the Government for being appo inted as Assistant Charity Commissioner under the provisions of the Act. To determine wheth er the Assistant Charity Commissioner is a court, it would be necessary to find out, having regard to the provisions of the Act, whether the Assistant Charity Commissioner possesses th e attributes of a court. The expression ’court’ is not defined in the Contempt Act. The definition of the sa id expression in Section 2(4) of the Act is of no assistance or relevance for determining th e question in issue. Before we examine the provisions of the Act for the purposes aforesaid, certain deci sions of this Court wherein similar question was considered albeit in different context, may be noticed. In The Bharat Bank Ltd., New Delhi v. Employees of the Bharat Bank Ltd., Delhi & Anr . [(1950) SCR 459], while dealing with the question whether industrial tribunal constituted under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 was a Court for the purpose of Article 136 of the Co nstitution of India, it was observed by Fazal Ali, J. that the Tribunal has all the trapping s of a Court. In Brajnandan Sinha v. Jyoti Narain [(1955) 2 SCR 955] considering the question whet her a Commissioner appointed under the Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850 was a Court wit hin the meaning of Contempt of Courts Act, 1952, reference was made to the decision in Bhar at Bank’s case (supra) and various other decisions and it was held by this Court that in ord er to constitute a court in the strict sense of the term, an essential condition is that the court should have, apart from having some of the trappings of a judicial tribunal, power to give a decision or a definitive judgment which has finality and authoritativeness which are the essential tests of a judicial pronouncement. http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 2 of 3 In Shri Virindar Kumar Satyawadi v. The State of Punjab [(1955) 2 SCR 1013] it was l aid down by this Court that what distinguishes a court from a quasi-judicial tribunal is tha t it is charged with a duty to decide disputes in a judicial manner and declare the rights o f parties in a definitive judgment. To decide in a judicial manner involves that the pa rties are entitled as a matter of right to be heard in support of their claim and to adduce evidence in proof of it. And it also imports an obligation on the part of the authority to decide the matter on a consideration of the evidence adduced and in accordance with law. Wh en a question, therefore, arises as to whether an authority created by an Act is a court as distinguished from a quasi-judicial tribunal, what has to be decided is whether having regar d to the provisions of the Act it possesses all the attributes of a court. The aforesaid decisions were cited with approval in Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha v. Si tamarhi Central Co-operative Bank Ltd. & Anr. [(1967) 3 SCR 163], where the question was whe ther the Assistant Registrar of Co-operative Societies, an authority under the Bihar and Ori ssa Co-operative Societies Act, 1935 could be regarded as a Court for the purposes of Contem pt of Courts Act, 1952. It was held that to determine whether a statutory authority was func tioning as a court, the provisions of the concerned statute have to be looked into. Aft er examining the provisions of the Act and the powers, duties and functions of the Assistant Registrar thereunder, this Court held that the Assistant Registrar performed judicial funct ions. The Assistant Registrar was regarded as a Court for the purpose of Contempt of Courts Act, 1952. To determine the question in issue, let us now examine the provisions of the Act. The Act is intended to regulate and make better provision for the administration of public a nd charitable trusts in the State. Chapter IV of the Act deals with registration of public trust after due inquiry. An application for registration of a trust as a public trust is re quired to be made under Section 18 of the Act, Section 19 stipulates an inquiry for registr ation. The inquiry shall be held on an application made by any person having interest in th e public trust or on his own motion by the Assistant Charity Commissioner to ascertain : (i) whether a trust exists and whether such trust is a public trust, (ii) whether any property is the property of such trust, (iii) whether the whole or any substantial portion of the subject-matter of the trust is s ituate within his jurisdiction, (iv) the names and addresses of the trustees and manager of such trust, (v) the mode of succession to the office of the trustee of such trust, (vi) the origin, nature and object of such trust, (vii) the amount of gross average annual income and expenditure of such trust, and (viii) any other particulars as may be prescribed under sub-section (5) of section 18. Under Section 73, in holding inquiries under the Act, the officer holding the same s hall have the same powers as are vested in courts in respect of the following matters under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in trying a suit : "(a) proof of facts by affidavits, (b) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath, (c) ordering discovery and inspection, and compelling the production of documents, (d) issuing of commissions." Section 74 provides that all inquiries and appeals under the Act shall be deemed to be judic ial proceedings within the meaning of Sections 193, 219 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code. S ection 76 provides that save in so far as they may be inconsistent with anything contained i n the Act, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, shall apply to all proceedin gs before the court under the Act. Sections 79 and 80 are of significant importance to determine the point in issue. S ection 79 provides that any question, whether or not a trust exists and such trust is a publ ic trust or particular property is the property of such trust, shall be decided by the Deput y or Assistant Charity Commissioner or the Charity Commissioner in appeal as provided by thi s Act. The decision of the Deputy or Assistant Charity Commissioner or the Charity Commissi oner in appeal, as the case may be, shall, unless set aside by the decision of the court on application or of the High Court in appeal be final and conclusive. Section 80 bars the jur isdiction of the Civil Court. It provides that save as expressly provided in the Act, no Ci vil Court shall have jurisdiction to decide or deal with any question which is by or under t his Act to be decided or dealt with by any officer or authority under this Act, and in respe ct of which the decision or order of such officer or authority has been made final and concl usive. Chapter XI dealing with functions of Charity Commissioner, procedure, jurisdiction a nd appeals, provides for appeal against the finding or order of the Deputy or Assistant Char ity Commissioner to the Charity Commissioner under Section 70 in following cases : http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 3 of 3 "(a) the finding and order, if any, under Section 20; (b) the finding under section 22; (b-1) the findings under Section 22A; (c) the findings under section 28; (d) the order under sub-section (3) of section 54;" Under Section 72, any person aggrieved by the decision of the Charity Commissioner u nder various provisions mentioned therein or on the question whether a trust exists and whet her such trust is a public trust or whether any property is the property of such trust may, within sixty days from the date of the decision, apply to the court to set aside the said de cision. It also, inter alia, provides that an appeal shall lie to the High Court, against t he decision of the Court under sub-section (2) as if such decision was a decree from which a n appeal ordinarily lies. The matters relating to the public trust in respect whereof the j urisdiction is conferred on the officers appointed under the Act, but for the bar of jurisdi ction of Civil Court, would be triable by the Civil Court as provided in Section 92 of the C ode of Civil Procedure. A person to be appointed as a Deputy Charity Commissioner and or th e Assistant Charity Commissioner, as provided in Section 5(2) of the Act, shall be either a judicial officer or a member of the bar. The officer is, therefore, required to have a lega l background. As already noticed, the Assistant Charity Commissioner, in the present case, was a serving judicial officer of State Judicial Services whose services had been placed at the disposal of the Government to be appointed as an Assistant Charity Commissioner. The scheme of the Act, the powers conferred on the Assistant Charity Commissioner an d the perusal of the aforesaid provisions of the Act clearly show that the Assistant Charity Commissioner has to be a judicial officer or an officer with a legal background; has to hea r parties wherever dispute is raised with regard to existence of a public trust or with rega rd to a property being trust property or otherwise and then give a definitive judgment after taking evidence having regard to the facts of the case and by application of law. The judgment is final unless interfered with in appeal or thereafter tested in appeal before the High Court. The jurisdiction of the Civil Court has been barred in the matters inquired in to and decided by the Assistant Charity Commissioner. The aforesaid provisions make it clear that the Assistant Charity Commissioner has not only the trapping of a judicial tribunal but also has power to give a decision or a definitive ju dgment which has finality and authoritativeness which are essential tests of a judicial pron ouncement. The Assistant Charity Commissioner, therefore, possesses all the attributes of a court. The fact that the Assistant Charity Commissioner has also to perform some a dministrative functions is not of any relevance for coming to the conclusion that he is not a court, having regard to the provisions of the Act which substantially confer on him the po wer to give a definite judgment subject to finality in appeal, after hearing all concerned. Functions of the Assistant Charity Commissioner are predominantly adjudicatory. The Assist ant Charity Commissioner has almost all the powers which an ordinary Civil Court has includi ng power of summoning witnesses, compelling production of documents, examining witnesses on oath and coming to a definite conclusion on the evidence induced and arguments submitted. For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the Assistant Charity Commissioner is a Cour t for the purposes of Sections 2 and 3 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971. The appeal is accordingly dismissed leaving the parties to bear their own costs.