Full Judgment Text
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOs. 9353-9354 OF 2011
(Arising out of SLP (C) Nos. 24733-24734 of 2009
J & K Housing Board & Anr. .... Appellant (s)
Versus
Kunwar Sanjay Krishan Kaul & Ors. .... Respondent(s)
J U D G M E N T
P. Sathasivam, J.
1) Leave granted.
2) These appeals are directed against the judgment and
order dated 21.05.2009 passed by the High Court of Jammu
and Kashmir at Jammu in LPAOW No. 60 of 2007 CMP No. 91
of 2007 whereby the High Court dismissed the said appeal
filed by the J & K Housing Board - the appellants herein.
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3) Brief facts:
(a) On 17.05.2003, the Collector, Land Acquisition (Land
Management Estates Officer), Jammu and Kashmir Housing
Board, Jammu (in short ‘the Board’) issued a Notification
under Section 4 (1) of the Jammu & Kashmir Land Acquisition
Act, 1990 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the State Act’) notifying
the land measuring 181 kanals 19 marlas was needed for the
public purpose by the Board, namely, for “development of
Housing Colony” at Village Ferozpur, Tehsil Tangmarg, District
Baramulla and calling for objections, if any, within 15 days
from the date of publication of the said notification. The
aforesaid notification was published in the Himalayan Mail
newspaper on 21.05.2003 and in the Greater Kashmir
newspaper on 22.05.2003 in the State of Jammu and
Kashmir. Again, on 04.06.2003, the said notification was
published in two daily newspapers. On the very same day,
notice under Sections 5 and 5-A of the State Act was issued to
all land owners for hearing of objections vide Office Order No.
HB/LMEO/83-85 directing them to remain present at the spot
on 16.06.2003 at 12.30 p.m. On 09.06.2003, the Collector
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issued an Addendum vide office order No. HB/LMEO/87-96
for acquiring additional land of 3 kanals 15 marlas. On
11.06.2003, a corrigendum was issued with regard to the said
Addendum stating therein that the measurement of land
sought to be acquired was not correctly calculated and it may
be read as 185 kanals 05 marlas instead of 185 kanals 14
marlas and objections, if any, may be filed within 15 days of
the issuance of the said corrigendum.
(b) On 16.06.2003, none of the owners was present on the
spot except some paid labourers/Chowkidars who were
looking after the said land. On 24.06.2003, the Collector,
LMEO submitted a letter to the Deputy Commissioner (District
Collector), Baramulla vide office letter No. HB/LMEO/120-22
for recommending the case to higher authorities for issuance
of declaration under Sections 6, 7 and 17 of the State Act. On
03.07.2003, the Deputy Commissioner directed the Collector
to take action in accordance with the Revenue Department
Circular No. 13/8-REV/(LAK)99/2000 dated 23.05.2000. On
16.07.2003, the respondents sent a telegram to the Tehsildar,
Tangmarg, who in turn, forwarded the same to the office of the
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Collector on 19.07.2003. In accordance with the directions of
the Deputy Commissioner (District Collector), the Collector,
vide letter No. HB/LEO/158-60 dated 22.07.2003, requested
the Financial Commissioner (Revenue) J & K Government to
recommend the case to higher authorities for issuance of
declaration under Sections 6 , 7 and 17 of the State Act.
(c) By Notification No. 199 RD/04 dated 15.01.2004, a
declaration was made under Section 6 of the State Act to the
effect that the land mentioned in the notification was needed
for public purpose. Further, in pursuance of Section 17 of the
State Act, the Collector was directed to take possession of the
aforesaid land subject to completion of all formalities including
those under Sections 9(2) and 17-A of the State Act and Rule
63 of the Land Acquisition Rules (in short ‘the Rules’) and to
finalize the proceedings immediately. By letter dated
17.01.2004, all the land owners were again informed by the
Collector about the acquisition of the land under Sections 9
and 9-A of the State Act and requesting them to remain
present on the spot on 06.02.2004 at 11 a.m.
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(d) On 30.01.2004, a letter was received from the land
owners requesting the Collector for fixing a fresh date after
due notice to them. A draft award dated 28.07.2004 was
passed by the office of the Collector assessing the total value of
the land structure and the fruit trees at Rs.2,77,31,901/-.
Notification No. HB/CLA/214-17 issued under Section 17-A of
the Act was published in the Himalayan Mail Daily on
20.08.2004, in Greater Kashmir Daily on 23.08.2004 and in
Greater ‘Alsafa’ Daily on 28.08.2004 mentioning the names of
all the respondents.
(e) Challenging the notifications, on 30.08.2004, the
respondents filed Original Writ Petition being OWP No. 941 of
2004 before the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir at Jammu.
Learned single Judge of the High Court, vide order dated
03.09.2007, allowed the petition of the respondents herein
with liberty to file their objections afresh within 15 days of the
receipt of the copy of the said order. Since the respondents-
land owners did not choose to receive the compensation and a
reference under Sections 17-A and 32 of the State Act was
filed on 03.09.2004 in the Court of District and Sessions
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Judge, Baramulla, a cheque bearing No. 0148568 dated
03.09.2004 amounting to Rs.2,34,71,151/- (80% of the total
assessed compensation) was deposited with the District Judge,
Baramulla with a request for disbursement of the said amount
among the actual and real owners of the acquired land. On
the very same day, i.e., on 03.09.2004, the possession of the
land was taken over by the representatives of Deputy General
Manager, Housing Unit-II, Srinagar.
(f) Challenging the said order of the learned single Judge, the
appellants herein filed LPAOW No. 60 of 2007 before the
Division Bench of the High Court. The Division Bench, by
impugned judgment dated 21.05.2009, dismissed the said
appeal.
(g) Aggrieved by the said judgment, the appellants have filed
these appeals by way of special leave before this Court.
4) Heard Mr. Rajiv Dhawan, learned senior counsel for the
Board-appellants herein and Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned
senior counsel for the contesting respondents herein.
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5) Mr. Rajiv Dhawan, learned senior counsel appearing for
the Board, after taking us through the entire acquisition
proceedings and the relevant provisions of the State Act
submitted that inasmuch as all the procedures had been
meticulously followed by the Board and possession was also
taken before filing of the writ petition, the order passed by the
learned single Judge quashing the acquisition proceedings
from the stage of proceedings under Sections 5 and 5-A of the
State Act and also subsequent proceedings as confirmed by
the Division Bench are not sustainable and prayed for
interference by this Court.
6) On the other hand, Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned senior
counsel appearing for the respondents/land owners, by
drawing our attention to various mandatory provisions of the
State Act and the J & K Housing Board Act, 1976, submitted
that inasmuch as the appellants failed to follow the mandatory
provisions of the State Act, the orders passed by the learned
single Judge and the Division Bench are fully justified and no
interference is called for by this Court.
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7) We have carefully considered the rival contentions,
orders of the High Court and perused the relevant provisions
and also various notifications/orders etc.
8) Before considering the rival contentions, it is useful to
refer the relevant provisions of the State Act which are
applicable to the State of Jammu & Kashmir. Part II of the
State Act deals with Acquisition. The relevant provisions are
as under :
“ 4. Publication of preliminary notification and
powers of officers thereupon – Whenever land in any
locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public
pupose the collector shall notify it –
(a) through a public notice to be affixed at convenient
places in the said locality and shall also cause it to
be known by beat of drum and through the local
Panchayats and Patwaries;
(b) in the Government Gazette; and
(c) in two daily newspapers having largest circulation
in the said locality of which at least one shall be in
the regional language.
(2) …..”
“ 5. Payment for damage – The officers so authorized
shall at the time of such entry pay or tender payment for all
necessary damage to be done as aforesaid, and in case of
dispute as to the sufficiency of the amount so paid or
tendered, he shall at once refer the dispute to the Provincial
Revenue authority within thirty days of its being
pronounced, whereupon, the decision of that officer shall be
final.”
“ 5-A. Hearing of objections. - Any person interested
in any land which has been notified under section 4, sub-
section (1), as being needed or likely to be needed for a
public purpose may, within fifteen days after such land is
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notified in the manner prescribed in clause (a) of sub-section
(1) of Section 4 as being needed or likely to be needed for a
public purpose, subject to the acquisition of the land or of
any land in the locality, as the case may be.
(2) Every objection under sub-section (1) shall be
made to the Collector in writing, and the collector shall give
the objector an opportunity of being heard either in person
or by pleader or by a person authorized by him and shall,
after hearing all such objections and after making such
further inquiry, if any, as he thinks necessary, submit the
case for the decision of the Government, together with the
record of the proceedings held by him and a report
containing his recommendations on the objections. The
decision of the Government on the objections shall be final.
(3) For the purpose of this section, a person shall be
deemed to be interested in land who would be entitled to
claim an interest in compensation if the land were acquired
under this Act.”
6. Declaration that land is required for public
purpose - (1) When the Government is satisfied after
considering the report, if any, made under section 5-A, sub-
section (2), that any particular land is needed for public
purpose, a declaration shall be made to that effect under the
signature of the Revenue Minister or of some officer duly
authorized in this behalf:
Provided that no such declaration shall be made
unless the compensation to be awarded for such property is
to be paid wholly or partly out of the public revenues or
some fund controlled or managed by a local authority.
(2) The declaration shall be published in official
Gazette, and shall state the district or other territorial
division in which the land is situate, the purpose for which it
is needed, its approximate areas, and where a plan shall
have been made of the land, the place where such plan may
be inspected.
(3) The said declaration shall be conclusive evidence
that land is needed for a public purpose, and after
making such declaration the Government may
acquire the land in manner hereinafter appearing.”
9
“9. Notice to persons interested – (1) The Collector
shall then cause public notice to be given at convenient
places on or near the land to be taken, stating that the
Government intends to take possession of the land, and that
the claims to compensation for all interests in such land may
be made to him.
(2) Such notice shall state the particulars of the land
so needed, and shall require all persons interested in the
land to appear personally or by agent, before the Collector at
a time and place therein mentioned (such time not being
earlier than fifteen days after the date of publication of
notice, and to state the nature of their respective interests in
the land and the amount and particular of their claims to
compensation for such interests and their objections (if any)
to the measurements made under section 8. The Collector
may, in any case, require such statements to be made in
writing and signed by the party or his agent.
(3) The Collector shall also serve notice to the same
effect on the occupier (if any) of such land and on all such
persons known or believed to be interested therein, or to be
entitled to act for persons so interested, as reside, or have
agents authorized to receive service on their behalf, within
the revenue district in which the land is situate.
(4) In case any person so interested resides
elsewhere, and has no such agent, the notice shall be sent to
him by post in a letter addressed to him at his last known
residence, address or place of business and registered in
accordance with the Postal Rules in force for the time being
in that behalf.”
Section 11 speaks about enquiry into measurements, value,
claims and award by the Collector. Section 12 makes it clear
that the award passed by the Collector shall be final and
conclusive evidence as between the Collector and the persons
interested. Sub-section(2) of Section 12 mandates that the
1
Collector shall give immediate notice of his award to such of
the persons interested, as are not present personally or by
their representatives when the award is made. Section 17
relates to special powers entrusted to the Collector in case of
urgency. Section 18 speaks about the reference to Court to
determine the objections as to the quantum of compensation
or the measurement of land and procedure to be followed
thereupon. In the last Part, i.e., Part VIII, which provides
miscellaneous provisions, Section 43 speaks about the service
of notice and makes it clear that how notice under this Act
shall be made etc.
9) According to Mr. Rajiv Dhawan, learned senior counsel
for the appellants, the requirement, particularly under Section
4, had duly been complied with and because of the fact that
the respondents failed to submit their objections within the
prescribed period under Section 5-A(1), the stand of the
respondents/land owners has to be rejected. As per Section 4,
whenever land in any locality is needed for any public
purpose, the Collector has to notify it in the manner provided
in sub-sections (a), (b) and (c) of the said Section. Public
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purpose has been defined in Section 3(g) of the State Act.
There is no dispute that the public purpose mentioned in the
notification issued under Section 4(1) of the Act refers to
“development of housing colony” by the Board at Village
Ferozpur, Tehsil Tangmarg, District Baramulla. Undoubtedly,
the said purpose is a public purpose in terms of Section 2(g) of
the State Act. However, the main question before us is
whether the Collector has fully complied with the mandates
and procedures provided in sub-sections (a), (b) and (c) of
Section 4. The opening part of Section 4 i.e. “whenever land in
any locality is needed or is likely to be needed for any public
purpose the Collector shall notify it” makes it clear that the
procedure provided in sub-Sections (a), (b) and (c) are
mandatory and the same has to be strictly complied with.
(Emphasis supplied).
10) As far as affixing of notice in the locality and information
through beat of drum as well as through local Panchayats and
Patwaries are concerned provided in sub-section (a), that have
been complied with. The notification was duly published in
the Government Gazette which satisfies sub-section (b) of
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Section 4. Sub-section(c) of that Section mandates that the
Collector has to notify his intention to acquire the land/lands
needed for public purpose in two daily newspapers having
largest circulation in the said locality of which at least one
shall be in the regional language . (Emphasis supplied).
11) Before elaborating the compliance of sub-section (c) of
Section 4 in terms of mandates provided therein, since Mr.
Rajiv Dhawan, learned senior counsel has claimed that there
is substantial compliance of provisions required above and no
flaw is to be found in the acquisition proceedings, let us
consider various decisions relied on by him.
12) In State of T.N. & Anr. vs. Mahalakshmi Ammal &
Ors. , (1996) 7 SCC 269, paragraph nos. 8 and 9 were pressed
into service. On going through those paragraphs, we are able
to see that the land owners filed their objections to the notice
issued under Section 5-A and Rule 3 of the Rules framed by
the State Government. Except the above factual information,
nothing is available on record in support of the stand taken by
the appellants.
1
13) The next decision relied on by Mr. Rajiv Dhawan is May
George vs. Special Tahsildar & Ors. , (2010) 13 SCC 98
wherein he very much pressed into service paragraph 25 of the
said judgment which reads as under:
“25 . The law on this issue can be summarised to the
effect that in order to declare a provision mandatory, the test
to be applied is as to whether non-compliance with the
provision could render the entire proceedings invalid or not.
Whether the provision is mandatory or directory, depends
upon the intent of the legislature and not upon the language
for which the intent is clothed. The issue is to be examined
having regard to the context, subject-matter and object of
the statutory provisions in question. The Court may find out
as to what would be the consequence which would flow from
construing it in one way or the other and as to whether the
statute provides for a contingency of the non-compliance
with the provisions and as to whether the non-compliance is
visited by small penalty or serious consequence would flow
therefrom and as to whether a particular interpretation
would defeat or frustrate the legislation and if the provision
is mandatory, the act done in breach thereof will be invalid.”
In the above paragraph, one of us, Dr. B.S. Chauhan, J. has
summarized the law as to declare a provision mandatory or
not and the test to be applied whether non-compliance with
the provision could render the entire proceedings invalid or
not. Except the above proposition of law with which we are in
entire agreement, the said decision is also not supporting the
stand of the appellants.
1
14) The judgment in Talson Real Estate (P) Ltd. vs. State
of Maharashtra & Ors., (2007) 13 SCC 186, relied on by Mr.
Rajiv Dhawan, makes it clear that the provisions of Section 5-
A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as
“the Central Act”) are attracted only when a person interested
in any land which has been notified under Section 4(1) makes
objection in writing to the Collector within 30 days from the
date of the publication of the notification. It further makes it
clear that the period of 30 days will have to be counted from
the last day of the publication of the notification under Section
4 of the Act after noting the date of publication in the Official
Gazette and in two daily newspapers and notifying the
substance of such notification on the site, this Court
concluded that the appellants therein did not choose to file
their objections within the time prescribed under Section 5-A
of the Act.
15) In Ajay Krishan Shinghal & Ors. vs. Union of India
& Ors. , (1996) 10 SCC 721, Mr. Rajiv Dhawan, pressed into
service paragraph 8 which speaks about the compliance of
mandatory requirements under Section 4(1). On going
1
through the factual details available on the files produced
before it, this Court concluded that the provisions of Section
4(1) of the Central Act have been fully complied with.
16) In Sulochana Chandrakant Galande vs. Pune
Municipal Transport & Ors. , (2010) 8 SCC 467, which is a
judgment rendered by us under the Urban Land (Ceiling and
Regulation) Act, 1976, Mr. Rajiv Dhawan relied on paragraph
22. In that paragraph, this Court has held that once the land
is acquired, it vests in the State free from all encumbrances.
It further shows that it is not the concern of the landowner
how his land is used and whether the land is being used for
the purpose for which it was acquired or for any other
purpose. It was further held that the land owner becomes
persona non grata once the land vests in the State and he has
a right to get compensation only for the same. The said
decision is not helpful to the issue raised in the case on hand.
17) The last decision relied on by Mr. Rajiv Dhawan is in
Banda Development Authority, Banda vs. Moti Lal
Agarwal & Ors. , (2011) 5 SCC 394. He relied on paragraph
1
37 which speaks about principles and how the possession has
to be taken under the Central Act. The said decision is also
not helpful to the case on hand.
18) On the other hand, Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned senior
counsel appearing for the respondents heavily relied on the
principles laid down in the following decisions:
(i) Khub Chand & Ors. vs. State of Rajasthan & Ors. ,
AIR 1967 SC 1074 = (1967) 1 SCR 120.
(ii) Syed Hasan Rasul Numa & Ors. vs. Union of India &
Ors. , (1991) 1 SCC 401 and
(iii) Kunwar Pal Singh (dead) by L.Rs. vs. State of U.P. &
Ors. , (2007) 5 SCC 85.
19) In Khub Chand (supra), Subba Rao, C.J. after
considering similar rival contentions and quoting Sections 4, 5
and 5-A of the Central Act answered several aspects including
the mandatory nature of publication provided under Section 4
of the Act. The following discussion and conclusion are
relevant:
1
“6. …..The learned Advocate-General argued that a combined
reading of Sections 4, 5 and 5-A indicates that the direction
in the second part of Section 4 that the Collector shall cause
public notice of the substance of the notification to be given
at convenient places in the said locality was only directory.
He pointed out that Section 4 contemplated only a
notification in general terms and that under Section 5(2)
after the Collector ascertained the necessary particulars, the
Government had to issue a fresh notification giving sufficient
description of the land intended to be acquired along with a
plan, if one had been made, and also to cause a public notice
to be given of the substance of the said notification at
convenient places on or near the land to be acquired. As two
notices were contemplated by the Act — one in general terms
and another with specifications — and as both the notices
should be published and their substance should be notified
at convenient places, the argument proceeded, that the
direction to cause a public notice of the substance of the
notification to be given at convenient places in the said
locality under Section 4 was only directory, for the party
would get under the later notification better particulars and
thus he would not in any case be prejudiced.
7. This argument was not accepted by the High Court,
and in our view rightly. The provisions of a statute conferring
power on the Government to compulsorily acquire lands
shall be strictly construed. Section 4 in clear terms says that
the Collector shall cause public notice of the substance of
such notification to be given at convenient places in the said
locality. The provision is mandatory in terms. Doubtless,
under certain circumstances, the expression “shall” is
construed as “may”. The term “shall” in its ordinary
significance is mandatory and the court shall ordinarily give
that interpretation to that term unless such an
interpretation leads to some absurd or inconvenient
consequence or be at variance with the intent of the
legislature, to be collected from other parts of the Act. The
construction of the said expression depends on the
provisions of a particular Act, the setting in which the
expression appears, the object for which the direction is
given, the consequences that would flow from the
infringement of the direction and such other considerations.
The object underlying the said direction in Section 4 is
obvious. Under sub-section (2) of Section 4 of the Act, after
such a notice was given, the officer authorised by the
Government in that behalf could enter the land and interfere
1
with the possession of the owner in the manner prescribed
thereunder. The legislature thought that it was absolutely
necessary that before such officer can enter the land of
another, the owner thereof should have a clear notice of the
intended entry. The fact that the owner may have notice of
the particulars of the intended acquisition under Section 5(2)
does not serve the purpose of Section 4, for such a notice
shall be given after the appropriate officer or officers enter
the land and submit the particulars mentioned in Section 4.
The objects of the two sections are different: the object of one
section is to give intimation to the person whose land is
sought to be acquired, of the intention of the officer to enter
his land before he does so and that of the other is to enable
him to know the particulars of the land which is sought to be
acquired. In the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Central Act 1 of
1894) there is no section corresponding to Section 5(2) of the
Act. Indeed sub-section (2) of Section 5 of the Act was
omitted by Act 15 of 1960 and Section 5-A was suitably
amended to bring the said provision in conformity with those
of Central Act 1 of 1894. Whatever may be said on the
question of construction after the said amendment — on
which we do not express any opinion — before the
amendment, Sections 4 and 5(2) were intended to serve
different purposes.
8. Indeed, the wording of Section 4(2) of the Act leads to
the same conclusion. It says, “thereupon it shall be lawful
for any officer, generally or specially authorised by the
Government in this behalf, and for his servants and
workmen to enter upon and survey and take levels of any
land in such locality....” The expressions “thereupon” and
“shall be lawful” indicate that unless such a public notice is
given, the officer or his servants cannot enter the land. It is a
necessary condition for the exercise of the power of entry.
The non-compliance with the said condition makes the entry
of the officer or his servants unlawful. On the express terms
of sub-section (2), the officer or his servants can enter the
land to be acquired only if that condition is complied with. If
it is not complied with, he or his servants cannot exercise
the power of entry under Section 4(2), with the result that if
the expression “shall” is construed as “may”, the object of
the sub-section itself will be defeated. The statutory
intention is, therefore clear, namely, that the giving of public
notice is mandatory. If so, the notification issued under
Section 4 without complying with the said mandatory
1
direction would be void and the land acquisition proceedings
taken pursuant thereto would be equally void.”
20) In Syed Hasan Rasul Numa (supra) , this Court
considered the dictum laid down by Subba Rao, C.J., in Khub
Chand (supra) . The following conclusion is relevant:
“13. There is a broad basis for the view that we have taken from
the decisions of this Court although on the provisions of other
enactment. Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894
provides for publication of the notification in the official Gazette
and in two daily newspapers circulating in that locality where
the land is situated of which at least one shall be in the regional
language. Section 4(1) further provides that the Collector shall
cause public notice of the substance of such notification to be
given at convenient places in the said locality. In Khub Chand v.
State of Rajasthan Subba Rao, C.J., while construing the object
and scope of Section 4(1) expressed the view that provisions of
the section requiring public notice are mandatory and the
legislature thought that it was absolutely necessary that the
owner of the land should have a clear notice of the proposed
acquisition. It was said that the fact that the owner may have
notice of the particulars of the intended acquisition by any
other means does not serve the purpose of Section 4 and does
not absolve the obligation to follow the method of publication of
the notification. It was also observed that the notification issued
under Section 4(1) without complying with the mandatory
direction would be void and the land acquisition proceedings
taken pursuant thereto would also be void. This view has been
reiterated in a number of subsequent decisions of this Court. In
Collector (District Magistrate), Allahabad v. Raja Ram Jaiswal
most of the earlier decisions have been referred to and the view
taken in Khub Chand case has been reiterated.
14. In the instant case, the notice has been published only
in the local newspapers, namely, the Daily Pratap , the
Hindustan Times , the Statesman , the Indian Express and the
Navbharat Times . This is only one of the three means of
publication provided under Section 44 and it apparently falls
short of the mandatory requirements of the section. Since the
provisions of the Section 44 have not been complied with, the
2
notice in question has no validity and the action taken
pursuant thereto has also no validity.”
21) In Kunwar Pal Singh (supra) , this Court while
construing three modes of publication, namely, (i) publication
in the Official Gazette, (ii) in two daily newspapers circulating
in the locality and, (iii) causing public notice of the substance
in the locality where the land situate, provided under the
Central Act, held as under:-
“16. Section 6(2), on a plain reading, deals with the various
modes of publication and they are: ( a ) publication in the
Official Gazette, ( b ) publication in two daily newspapers
circulating in the locality in which the land is situate of
which at least one shall be in the regional language, and ( c )
causing public notice of the substance of such declaration to
be given at convenient places in the said locality. There is no
option left with anyone to give up or waive any mode and all
such modes have to be strictly resorted to. The principle is
well settled that where any statutory provision provides a
particular manner for doing a particular act, then, that thing
or act must be done in accordance with the manner
prescribed therefor in the Act”.
22) Though all the above decisions arose under the Central
Act, it is not in dispute that similar provisions have been
incorporated in the State Act. We have already extracted
Sections 4, 5, 5-A and 6 of the State Act which are similar to
the provisions of the Central Act. From the materials placed
before us, we are satisfied that the conditions prescribed in
2
Section 4(1)(a) and (b) had been complied with except Section
4(1)(c) which have not been followed. In the light of the
language used in Section 4(1), namely, “the Collector shall
notify it”, the procedures/directions provided in Section
4(1)(a)(b) and (c) ought to be strictly complied with. There is
no option left with anyone to give up or waive any of the mode
and all such modes have to be strictly resorted to. It is settled
law that when any statutory provision provides a particular
manner for doing a particular act, the said thing or act must
be done in accordance with the manner prescribed therefor in
the Act. Merely because the parties concerned were aware of
the acquisition proceedings or served with individual notices
does not make the position alter when the statute makes it
very clear that all the procedures/modes have to be strictly
complied with in the manner provided therein. Merely
because the land owners failed to submit their objections
within 15 days after the publication of notification under
Section 4(1) of the State Act, the authorities cannot be
permitted to claim that it need not be strictly resorted to. In
the case on hand, admittedly, the notification was published
2
in two daily newspapers i.e. in the Himalayan Mail and in the
Greater Kashmir but one of them was not a newspaper
published in regional language i.e. Kashmiri which is the
requirement of Section 4(1)(c) of the Act. We have already held
that all the requirements provided in Section 4(1)(a)(b) and (c)
are mandatory and have to be strictly adhered to. In addition
to the same, though on 11.06.2003 a corrigendum was issued
for enlarging the area of acquisition, admittedly, this
corrigendum was not published in any newspaper.
23) As pointed out above, it is true that the prescribed period
of 15 days as mentioned in Section 5-A(1) of the Act for filing
objections starts running from the date of publication of the
notification under Section 4(1) of the Act in the manner
provided in Clause (a), however, at the same time, the
conditions as prescribed under Section 4(1) have not been
fully complied with. It cannot be claimed that compliance of
provisions of sub-Sections (a) to (c) of Section 4(1) are only
directory. On the other hand, it is not only mandatory but all
the terms provided therein are to be complied with very
strictly. This has been reiterated in Section 5-A of the Act
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also. By virtue of the provisions of the State Act, the valuable
right/ownership of the land owners being taken away, hence,
those provisions have to be strictly construed. The object of
publication in terms of Section 4(1)(c) of the Act is to intimate
the people who are likely to be affected by the notification. It
is not in dispute that when the officers attempted to serve the
notice by affixation or to persons in charge of the land, they
were informed about the absence of the land owners due to
disturbance in the area in question and it was also informed
that they are residing in Delhi. In spite of such information,
the authorities have not taken care of sending proper notice to
the respondents or comply with the provisions, particularly,
Section 4(1)(c) of the Act. In view of the above discussion, we
agree with the reasoning and ultimate conclusion of the
learned single Judge quashing the acquisition proceedings
from the stage of Section 5A of the State Act and the decision
of the Division Bench affirming the decision of the learned
single Judge.
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24) Apart from the above infirmities, Mr. Venugopal, learned
senior counsel for the respondents after taking us through the
provisions of the J&K Housing Board Act, 1976, particularly,
framing of housing schemes and acquisition and disposal of
land contended that in the absence of any approved Scheme
by the Board, it is not permitted to proceed further. In respect
of the above argument, he highlighted Sections 14, 15, 17, 19
and 26(1)(2) of the Housing Board Act, 1976. Inasmuch as we
accept the reasonings and the conclusion of the learned single
Judge quashing the acquisition proceedings from the stage of
Section 5-A and further direction to file their objections afresh
within 15 days of the receipt of copy of his order, we are not
inclined to go into the said contention. However, the
contesting respondents are free to raise the said objection and
it is for the authority concerned/government to take a decision
one way or other if the same is acceptable for which we are not
expressing any opinion.
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25) In the light of the above discussion, we are unable to
accept the stand taken by the Board-appellants herein, on the
other hand, we are in entire agreement with the decision of the
learned single Judge as affirmed by the Division Bench.
Consequently, the appeals fail and the same are dismissed
with no order as to costs. In view of the dismissal of the
appeals of the Board and in the light of the various objections
raised, the respondents/land owners are permitted to file their
additional objections, if they so desire, within 15 days from the
date of receipt of this judgment. On receipt of those fresh
objections, the Collector of the Board will consider both the
original and additional objections and also afford personal
hearing to them at the Housing Board Office situated at Green
Belt Park, Gandhi Nagar, Jammu and proceed further in
accordance with law.
...…………….…………………………J.
(P. SATHASIVAM)
.…....…………………………………J.
(DR. B.S. CHAUHAN)
NEW DELHI;
NOVEMBER 4, 2011.
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