TAMIL NADU MERCANTILE BANK LTD vs. STATE THRU DEPUTY SUPTD OF POLICE&ANR

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

TAMIL NADU MERCANTILE BANK LTD. ... APPELLANT VS. STATE THROUH DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE AND ANR. ... RESPONDENTS WITH CRIMINAL APEPAL NO. 1959 OF 2013 (ARISING OUT OF SLP(CRL.)NO.1501 OF 2010) JUDGMENT TAMIL NADU MERCANTILE BANK LTD. ... APPELLANT VS. STATE AND ORS. ... RESPONDENTS Page 1 2 J U D G M E N T SHIVA KIRTI SINGH, J Leave granted. 2. By the common judgment and order dated 17.9.2009 in CRLOP No.12646/2007 and 18297/2009, the learned Single Judge of the Madras High Court has allowed two petitions both under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for brevity.P.C.) preferred by the respondents and quashed criminal proceedings against some of the accused in Criminal Case No. 462 of 2004 pending before the learned Magistrate-II Tiruppur for offences punishable JUDGMENT under Sections 406, 409, 420 and 120(b) IPC. 3. Before granting relief to the five petitioners out of ten accused, the High Court noted the relevant facts in brief which disclose that out of th ten accused in the charge-sheet dated 20 September 2004, the first five accused are Managing Page 2 3 Director/Managing Partner/Director/Proprietor of different private limited companies, partnership firms/proprietary firms. Some of them are related

Nadu Mercantile Bank Limited (hereinafter referred to as ‘Bank’), Tiruppur alleged to have colluded with the respondents in perpetration of a fraud against the bank. They are not the parties before this Court. 4. Considering the stage of the proceedings, it is not necessary or desirable to go into the facts of the criminal case in detail. It is sufficient to notice that the respondents accused were operating JUDGMENT current accounts with the bank from the year 2000. Allegedly a fraud was perpetrated by them in collusion with the Branch Manager of the appellant Bank and other accused during the period September, 2002 and May, 2003 to the tune of Rs.2.51 crores approximately. The fraud was discovered in June, Page 3 4 2003 after the erstwhile Branch Manager of the appellant Bank was transferred and a new Branch Manager took over. On discovering the fraud the new

th to First Information Report dated 20 June 2003 bearing Crime No.13 of 2003 against the accused respondents and concerned officers of the Bank. According to the allegations, the fraud was based upon a simple modus operandi. The accused presented cheques drawn in their favour to the Tiruppur Branch of the Bank for encashment knowing well that there was not enough balance in the accounts of the drawers because the cheques were JUDGMENT drawn by parties known to them. Thereafter, the Branch Manager, in the garb of understanding or arrangement known as ‘Local Bill Discounting’ credited the accounts of the accused presenting such cheques before they were sent to the drawee bank for clearance. Immediately on the account Page 4 5 being credited with the cheque amount, such amount was withdrawn. Later, when the cheques returned unhonoured on account of insufficient balance, the

such cheques also the accounts of the accused were credited with higher amounts and the money used to be withdrawn. Due to repeat of such trick several times, by the time the fraud was discovered, the Trippur Branch had been defrauded to the tune of appoximately Rs.2.51 crores. According to the charge-sheet, accused Senthil Kumar presented 1278 cheques during the period, accused Sanjay presented 99 cheques, accused Murugananthan presented 90 JUDGMENT cheques, accused K.M.M. Murali presented 6 cheques and accused Mahamuni presented 3 cheques. 5. On the basis of FIR, Police initiated investigation and ultimately filed a charge-sheet th on 20 September, 2004 against ten persons as noted earlier. But prior to that, the accused respondent Page 5 6 and some others filed a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing of the FIR. On filing of reply by the informant that petition filed on 7.6.2004

accused filed another petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C for quashing of the FIR. That was dismissed on 9.2.2005 taking note of the charge-sheet already submitted. That order was not challenged. The concerned petitions which have been allowed by the High Court were filed in the year 2007 and 2009 respectively seeking quashing of the entire criminal proceedings but without disclosing any fresh cause of action. In the petition of 2007, JUDGMENT the High Court initially granted interim stay but the appellant bank intervened, got impleaded and succeeded in vacation of the stay order on 13.9.2007. Thereafter the appellant filed a criminal original petition No.28663 of 2007 seeking orders for expediting the trial of the criminal Page 6 7 case No.462 of 2004. The High Court allowed that th prayer on 20 September 2007 and directed to complete the trial within four months. This order

appeal shows that the High Court has been persuaded to quash the criminal proceedings against the accused respondents mainly on the grounds that : (1) The dispute between the Bank and the accused respondent is of civil nature, (2) Although some of the alleged fraudulent operations were performed by the accused in the name of a company viz. Shri Deepadharani Yarns Pvt. Ltd., the company has not been arrayed as JUDGMENT an accused while three of its Directors are so arrayed, and (3) The bank has a remedy for recovering the money in question for which it has obtained an order of the DRT and can also take recourse to Page 7 8 proceedings under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act or civil proceedings.

under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C have been seriously assailed. It has been contended by the learned counsel for the appellant that the practice of the bank to permit overdraft facility to credit worthy customers cannot be equated with simple civil contracts and agreements. In the latter case, a party may not be permitted to initiate criminal proceedings only on breach of terms of the agreement by the other party, unless it can be JUDGMENT shown that the guilty party acted with dishonest or fraudulent intentions since the conception of the contract or agreement. But in the former case, a customer of Bank committing fraud will stand on a different footing. Page 8 9 8. The aforesaid submission has merits. In the 1 case of CBI vs. A. Ravishanker Prasad & Ors ., the accused respondents who were customers of a

from letter of credit, open cash credit and also on the ground that loan had been repaid under a settlement and therefore, criminal proceedings on account of forgery, cheating, corruption etc. should not be permitted. This court set aside the order of the High Court interfering with a criminal proceeding and reiterated the settled propositions of law which permit exercise of inherent power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. (i) to give effect to an JUDGMENT order under the Code; (ii) to prevent abuse of process of the Court and (iii) to otherwise secure the ends of justice. It was reiterated that such extraordinary power should be exercised sparingly and with great care and caution. 1 2009(6) SCC 351 Page 9 1 9. This judgment also supports the other submission on behalf of the appellant that the High Court erred in interfering with criminal proceeding

Tribunal or through the proceedings under the Negotiable Instruments Act or civil proceedings. Even if the accused voluntarily at a later stage settles the monetary claim, that cannot be made a ground to quash the criminal proceedings unless the well established principles for exercise of power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. are made out. 10. It is also a law settled by this Court and reiterated in the case of Monica Kumar (Dr.) vs. JUDGMENT 2 State of U.P. that criminal proceedings can continue even if the allegation discloses a civil dispute also. It is only when the dispute is purely civil in nature but still the party chooses to initiate criminal proceeding, the criminal proceeding may be quashed. For such purpose also 2 2008 (8) SCC 781 Page 10 1 the Court, save and accept in very exceptional circumstances would not look to any document relied upon by the defence.

Court in the case of Rajeshwar Tiwari vs. Nanda 3 Kishore Roy , wherein this Court quashed the criminal proceedings against the appellant which was initiated by private complainant by merely alleging that acting on behalf of the employer the appellant had deducted a particular amount wrongly as income tax from his monthly salary. This Court found that the employer was under statutory obligation to deduct income tax and the allegation JUDGMENT did not make out a case for adjudication by the Magistrate on criminal side. In paragraph 29 of the report on which reliance has been placed, only the established law has been reiterated that when adequate materials are available to show that a proceeding is of civil nature or that it is an 3 2010 (8) SCC 442 Page 11 1 abuse of process of court, the High Court could be justified in quashing the same. 12. On going through the relevant facts,

power under Section 482 Cr.P.C. The proceedings cannot be termed as an abuse of the process of court because the allegations if accepted in entirety are most likely to make out criminal offence alleged against the accused respondents. The interest of justice is also not attracted in the present case to warrant interference with the criminal proceedings. 13. In our considered view, the High Court ought to JUDGMENT have taken note of the fact that on two previous occasions the respondents accused failed to get any relief under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and they did not challenge an order passed by the High Court at the instance of the appellant bank for concluding the trial within a limited time. Page 12 1 14. For all the aforesaid reasons, we find and hold that the common judgment and order under appeal cannot be sustained in law and is fit to be set

learned Magistrate to conclude the trial expeditiously in accordance with law without being influenced by any observations made in this order. ………………………………………………J. (R.M. Lodha) …………………………………………………J. (Shiva Kirti Singh) New Delhi, November 20, 2013 JUDGMENT Page 13