VIKRAMJIT KAKATI vs. THE STATE OF ASSAM

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 04-08-2022

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NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION      CRIMINAL APPEAL NO(s). 1140   OF 2022    (Arising out of SLP(Crl.) No(s).1211 of 2022) VIKRAMJIT KAKATI …..Appellant(s) VERSUS THE STATE OF ASSAM  …..Respondent(s) J U D G M E N T Rastogi, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. The instant appeal is directed against the order passed by rd the High Court of Gauhati dated 3  December, 2021 declining to interfere with the order passed by the Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track  Court),  Sivasagar,  in  Sessions   Case  No.57(S­S)  of 2012, rejecting the discharge application filed by the appellant Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Rachna Date: 2022.08.04 17:49:59 IST Reason: under Section 227 Cr.P.C.   1 th 3. The seminal facts relevant for the purpose are that on 28 April, 2009, an FIR was lodged by one Smt. Rajia Islam (mother of the deceased) at Sivasagar Police Station stating, inter alia, that her son Lt. Qureshi Sahidul Islam was burnt to death under suspicious circumstances inside his rented house at Sivasagar by his wife and the present appellant.   Her son succumbed to the injuries sustained  by  him  while   on  the   way  to  hospital.     On receipt of the complaint, an FIR was registered at Sivasagar P.S. Case No.198/2009, under Section 302 IPC.     The police filed charge­sheet   under   Sections   302/120­B/201/118   IPC   against three   persons   namely   Smt.   Zahida   Imdad   Islam   (wife   of   the deceased), Smt. Jahanara Islam (mother of Zahida Imdad Islam) and the present appellant, along with a list of thirteen witnesses. The only allegation levelled against the present appellant was that he had, in conspiracy with other accused persons, removed the evidence of offence from the place where the alleged crime had been committed.   st 4. The learned trial Judge initially by order dated 21   June, 2012, after hearing learned counsel for the appellant, came to the conclusion that there is prima facie case against him and others th and fixed 17  July, 2012 as the next date of hearing for framing 2 of charges and thereafter, charges were framed against accused Zahida Imdad Islam, Jahanara Islam and the appellant under Sections   302/120­B   IPC   and   under   Section   201   IPC   against th Jahanara Islam and the appellant by the order dated 17  July, 2012.  5. The revision preferred by the appellant against framing of charge came to be dismissed by the High Court under the order rd impugned dated 3  December, 2021, which is the subject matter of challenge in the present appeal.   6. The main thrust of the contention of the counsel for the appellant is that the appellant has no nexus with the commission of crime.  He was a friend of the deceased working in the same office.  At the time of the incident, the appellant was working for the   Indian   Oil   Tanking   (IOT),   a   joint   venture   of   Indian   Oil Corporation and Oil Tanking of Germany, as Project Engineer, Sivasagar.     On   the   fateful   morning,   the   appellant   received   a telephonic   message   from   the   wife   of   the   deceased   that   her husband had sustained burn injuries and requested him to come to their house and after receipt of the information, he, along with other colleague Tariqul Rafique @ Maju, came to the house of the 3 deceased   by   his   car.       Seeing   burn   injuries   on   the   body   of deceased, he along with Tariqul Rafique took him to the nearby Nursing Home at Sivasagar and after preliminary treatment, he was taken to Dibrugarh Medical College, where he succumbed to the injuries.   So far as the present appellant is concerned, his intention was only to help out the deceased in getting proper and immediate medical treatment.   Except this, there is no nexus of the   appellant   in   the   commission   of   alleged   murder   of   the deceased and there is no material against him and no witness has deposed against the appellant.   7. Learned counsel further submits that the Ld. trial Judge was at least required to examine the existence of prima facie material   regarding   participation   of   the   appellant   in   the commission of crime or existence of grave suspicion against him and when there is no prima facie material of suspicion what to say   of   grave   suspicion,   the   charge   cannot   be   framed   and accordingly the counsel submitted that the charge framed against the appellant by the learned trial Judge is not sustainable as there is no evidence against him and prayed for its discharge.   4 8. Learned   counsel   for   the   respondent,   on   the   other   hand, submitted that there is sufficient evidence against the appellant to suspect commission of crime and only after examining the charge­sheet and other material available on record, the charges were framed by the learned trial Judge and in the given facts and circumstances, there is no error committed by either the trial Judge by framing of charge or the High Court in dismissing the revision preferred by the appellant under the order impugned.  9. We  have  heard learned counsel for the parties and  with their assistance perused the material available on record. 10. Before  we  proceed  to examine   the  matter  on  merits  any further, it will be apposite to take note of the legal principles applicable   seeking   discharge,   for   which   we   may   refer   to   a judgment of this Court in   P. Vijayan v. State of Kerala & 1 which has been further reiterated by this Court in the Another recent judgment in  M.E. Shivalingamurthy v. Central Bureau 2 and   discerned   the   following of   Investigation,   Bengaluru   principles: 1 (2010) 2 SCC 398 2 (2020) 2 SCC 768 5
“17.1. If two views are possible and one of them gives rise to<br>suspicion only as distinguished from grave suspicion, the trial Judge<br>would be empowered to discharge the accused.
17.2. The trial Judge is not a mere post office to frame the charge at<br>the instance of the prosecution.
17.3. The Judge has merely to sift the evidence in order to fni d out<br>whether or not there is sufficient ground for proceeding. Evidence<br>would consist of the statements recorded by the police or the<br>documents produced before the Court.
17.4. If the evidence, which the Prosecutor proposes to adduce to<br>prove the guilt of the accused, even if fully accepted before it is<br>challenged in cross-examination or rebutted by the defence<br>evidence, if any, “cannot show that the accused committed offence,<br>then, there will be no sufficient ground for proceeding with the trial”.
17.5. It is open to the accused to explain away the materials giving<br>rise to the grave suspicion.
17.6. The court has to consider the broad probabilities, the total<br>effect of the evidence and the documents produced before the<br>court, any basic infirmities appearing in the case and so on. This,<br>however, would not entitle the court to make a roving inquiry into<br>the pros and cons.
17.7. At the time of framing of the charges, the probative value of<br>the material on record cannot be gone into, and the material<br>brought on record by the prosecution, has to be accepted as true.
17.8. There must exist some materials for entertaining the strong<br>suspicion which can form the basis for drawing up a charge and<br>refusing to discharge the accused.”
11. Taking into consideration the aforesaid legal principles, if<br>we consider the facts of the present case, it reveals from the<br>perusal of charge­sheet and other material available on record<br>that the investigating officer has not brought even prima facie<br>material in the charge­sheet as to what was the motive on the
6 part   of   the   appellant   to   commit   the   alleged   offence.     The deceased,   in   the   instant   case,   was   a   colleague/friend   of   the appellant   working   in   the   same   organization.   On   the   fateful morning, the appellant learnt about burn injuries of the deceased through accused no.1 i.e. the wife of the deceased on telephone nd at about 5.30 a.m. on 22  April, 2009. Without any loss of time, the appellant along with his colleague Tariqul Rafique @ Maju went   to   the   house   of   the   deceased   by   his   car   and   took   the deceased along with his wife (A­1) to the nearby nursing home at Sivasagar.     Since the said nursing home was not having the burn   ward,   after   giving   the   initial   treatment,   deceased   was referred to the Dibrugarh hospital.   The deceased along with his wife   and   colleague   of   the   appellant   went   to   the   Dibrugarh hospital   on   an   ambulance,   but   unfortunately,   the   deceased succumbed to the burn injuries in the hospital.    12.  The only eye­witness in the present case is Hosna Begum, domestic servant present in the house of the deceased.     She neither in her statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. nor under Section 164 Cr.P.C. stated anything about the involvement of the appellant in the commission of the alleged offence, rather she categorically stated in the statement that at the instance of the 7 deceased, the wife of the deceased called the appellant for help and further stated that the appellant took the deceased to the hospital in his car.   She is the best witness of the case.  Rest of the   witnesses   whose   statements   were   recorded   by   the   police nowhere implicated the appellant, except the complainant who was not even an eye­witness to the incident. 13. Regarding the allegation of destruction of evidence by the appellant along with the wife of the deceased (A­1), no material, oral/documentary, has been placed by the police in the charge­ sheet, which,   in  any   manner,  connect  the  appellant   with  the destruction of evidence.  To the contrary, as per the statement of the witnesses which are recorded, the fact that reveals is that the appellant accompanied the deceased to the hospital at Sivasagar and from there to Dibrugarh, where the deceased succumbed to the injuries and based on the information given by the appellant, the deceased’s relatives, including the complainant, came to the hospital and from there his body was taken to his native place Tezpur for performing the last rites.   Here, no other witnesses, whose   statements   were   recorded,   stated   anything   about   the appellant visiting the house of the deceased either before or after the alleged destruction of evidence has taken place, except the 8 complainant, who even in the FIR did not make any statement against the appellant, but later made a bald statement of her strong suspicion in her statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. 14. So far as the conspiracy, as alleged, is concerned, some evidence ought to have emerged or the prosecution could have brought   on   record   some   prima   facie   material   whereby   the appellant along with the accused persons had prior meeting of mind to execute the alleged offence and in the given facts and circumstances,   there   is   no   justification   for   the   appellant   to undergo the agony of facing trial, to which the appellant is not even prima facie connected.   Still the prosecution filed charge­ th sheet on 30  August, 2011 for offence implicating the appellant under   Sections   302/120­B/201   IPC   along   with   the   wife   of deceased (A­1) and mother of wife of the deceased (A­3).   15. There is no iota of evidence which, in any manner, connect the present appellant with the commission of crime and neither the trial Court nor the High Court has even taken pains to look into  the   record   as   to   whether   there   is   any   oral/documentary evidence which in any manner connect the appellant with the alleged incident   of   crime  and,   in  our   considered   view,   in  the absence of even a prima facie material, oral/documentary, being 9 placed by the prosecution in the charge­sheet, the trial Court as well as the High Court have committed serious error in framing charge against the appellant.  Even the complainant also in the complaint has not named the appellant as the perpetrator of the offence, rather she stated that she suspects foul play.   16. In the given facts and circumstances, we are of the view that the appeal deserves to be allowed.  The order impugned passed rd by the High Court of Gauhati dated 3  December, 2021 as well st as the order dated  21   June,  2012  passed  by the   Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track Court), Sivasagar, in Sessions Case No.57(S­S) of 2012 are quashed and set aside and the appellant stands discharged from the charges framed against him.    17. We further make it clear that the observations made in this judgment are only confined to the appellant, Vikramjit Kakati and the trial Court may proceed with the matter against other accused persons independently without being influenced by the observations   made   herein   and   conclude   the   trial   on   its   own merits in accordance with law.   18. The appeal is accordingly allowed.  Pending application(s) if any, also stand disposed of.     10   …………………………J. (AJAY RASTOGI)                                                               .………………………… J.  (C.T. RAVIKUMAR) NEW DELHI August 04, 2022. 11