KAJAL vs. JAGDISH CHAND

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 05-02-2020

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Full Judgment Text

REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 735 OF 2020
(Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) No.15504 OF 2019)
KAJAL…APPELLANT(S)
Versus
JAGDISH CHAND & ORS.…RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T Deepak Gupta, J.
1.Kajal was a bright young girl. She used to attend school,
play with her friends and lead a normal life like any other child.
Unfortunately, on 18thOctober, 2007, while Kajal was travelling
on a tractor with her parents, the tractor was hit by a truck which was driven rashly.   In the said accident, Kajal suffered serious injuries resulting in damage to her brain.  This has had Signature Not Verified very serious consequences on her. She was examined at the Post Digitally signed by CHARANJEET KAUR Date: 2020.02.05 16:55:13 IST Reason: Graduate   Institute   of   Medical   Education   and   Research, 1 Chandigarh (PGI, Chandigarh for short), for assessment of her disability.  According to the said report, because of head injury Kajal is left with a very low I.Q. and severe weakness in all her four   limbs,   suffers   from   severe   hysteria   and   severe   urinary incontinence.  Her disability has been assessed as 100%.
2.Dr. Chhabra (PW­4), who was one of the members of the
Board which issued the disability certificate (Ex.P6) stated that as per the assessment her I.Q. is less than 20% of a child of her age and her social age is only of a 9 month old child.  This means that Kajal while lying on the bed will grow up to be an adult with all the physical and biological attributes which a woman would get on attaining adulthood, including menstruation etc., but her mind will remain of a 9 month old child. Basically, she will not understand what is happening all around her.
3.How does one assess compensation in such a case? No
amount   of   money   can   compensate   this   child   for   the   injuries suffered by her.  She can never be put back in the same position. However, compensation has to be determined in terms of the provisions of Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (for short the Act).   The Act requires determination of payment of just compensation and 2 it is the duty of the court to ensure that she is paid compensation which is just.
4.Kajal through her father filed a claim petition, under the
Act.   The   Motor   Accident   Claims   Tribunal   (MACT   for   short) awarded Rs.11,08,501/­ and held that since there was violation of the terms  of   policy   the  insurance   company  would   pay  the amount   but   would   be   entitled   to   recover   the   same   from   the owner.     The   High   Court   enhanced   the   award   amount   to Rs.25,78,501/­ under the following heads:
HeadsHigh Court
Age12
Multiplier­
Income (taken to be)Rs. 15,000/­
Disability100%
Loss of income and permanentRs. 2,70,000/­Rs. 2,70,000/­
disability compensation
Pain, suffering loss of amenitiesRs. 3,00,000/­
Attendant chargesAttendant chargesRs. 3,20,000/­
(Rs.2500 for 44
years)
Future medical expensesRs. 2,00,000/­
Loss of marriage prospectsRs. 3,00,000/­
MedicalRs. 1,38,501/­Rs. 1,38,501/­
Treatment
Transportation details / special dietRs. 50,000/­
TotalRs.25,78,501/­
Aggrieved by the award the claimant is before this Court.
5.
compensation   contemplated   under   the   Act   are   well   settled. 3 Injuries cause deprivation to the body which entitles the claimant to claim damages. The damages may vary according to the gravity of  the  injuries   sustained   by   the   claimant  in  an   accident.   On account of the injuries, the claimant may suffer consequential losses such as (i) loss of earning; (ii) expenses on treatment which may   include   medical   expenses,   transportation,   special   diet, attendant charges etc., (iii) loss or diminution to the pleasures of life by loss of a particular part of the body, and (iv) loss of future earning   capacity.  Damages  can  be   pecuniary  as   well  as  non­ pecuniary, but all have to be assessed in Rupees and Paise. 6.   It is   impossible   to   equate   human  suffering   and   personal deprivation with money. However, this is what the Act enjoins upon the courts to do. The court has to make a judicious attempt to award damages, so as to compensate the claimant for the loss suffered   by   the   victim.   On   the   one   hand,   the   compensation should   not   be   assessed   very   conservatively,   but   on   the   other hand, compensation should also not be assessed in so liberal a fashion so as to make it a bounty to the claimant. The court while assessing the compensation should have regard to the degree of deprivation   and   the   loss   caused   by   such   deprivation.   Such compensation   is   what   is   termed   as   just   compensation.     The 4 compensation or damages assessed for personal injuries should be   substantial   to   compensate   the   injured   for   the   deprivation suffered by the injured throughout his/her life. They should not be just token damages.  7. There are numerous cases where the principles for grant of compensation   have   been   enunciated.   It   would   be   relevant   to quote pertinent observations from a few. 1 8.   In   Phillips   v.   Western   Railway   Co . ,   Field,   J.,   while emphasizing that damages must be full and adequate, held thus: "You cannot put the plaintiff back again into his original position, but you must bring your reasonable common sense to bear, and you must always recollect that this is the only occasion on which compensation can be given. The   plaintiff   can   never   sue   again   for   it.   You   have, therefore, now to give him compensation once and for all. He has done no wrong, he has suffered a wrong at the hands of the defendants and you must take care to give him   full   fair   compensation   for   that   which   he   has suffered."   Besides,   the   Tribunals   should   always remember   that   the   measures   of   damages   in   all   these cases "should be such as to enable even a tortfeasor to say that he had amply atoned for his misadventure". 2 9. In the case of  , Lord Halsbury held:   Mediana "Of course the whole region of inquiry into damages is one of extreme difficulty. You very often cannot even lay down any principle upon which you can give damages; nevertheless,   it   is   remitted   to   the   jury,   or   those   who stand in place of the jury, to consider what compensation in money shall be given for what is a wrongful act. Take the most familiar and ordinary case: how is anybody to measure pain and suffering in moneys counted? Nobody 1 (1874) 4 QBD 406 2 [1900] AC 113 5 can suggest that you can by any arithmetical calculation establish   what   is   the   exact   amount   of   money   which would represent such a thing as the pain and suffering which a person has undergone by reason of an accident. In truth, I think it would be very arguable to say that a person would be entitled to no damages for such thing. What manly mind cares about pain and suffering that is past?   But,   nevertheless,   the   law   recognizes   that   as   a topic upon which damages may be given." 10. The following observations of Lord Morris in his speech in    H. 3 West & Son Ltd.  v.  Shephard ,  are very pertinent: "Money may be awarded so that something tangible may be procured to replace something else of the like nature which   has   been   destroyed   or   lost.   But   money   cannot renew   a   physical   frame   that   has   been   battered   and shattered. All that Judges and courts can do is to award sums   which   must   be   regarded   as   giving   reasonable compensation.   In   the   process   there   must   be   the endeavour   to   secure   some   uniformity   in   the   general method of approach. By common assent awards must be reasonable   and   must   be   assessed   with   moderation. Furthermore,   it   is   eminently   desirable   that   so   far   as possible comparable injuries should be compensated by comparable awards." In the same case Lord Devlin observed that the proper approach to the problem was to adopt a test as to what contemporary society would deem to be a fair sum, such as would allow the wrongdoer to "hold up his head among his neighbours and say with   their   approval   that   he   has   done   the   fair   thing",   which should   be   kept   in   mind   by   the   court   in   determining compensation in personal injury cases. 3 1963 2 WLR 1359 6 11. Lord Denning while speaking for the Court of Appeal in the   4 case of   Ward   v.   James ,   laid   down   the   following   three   basic principles to be followed in such like cases: "Firstly, accessibility: In cases of grave injury, where the body is wrecked or brain destroyed, it is very difficult to assess a fair compensation in money, so difficult that the award must basically be a conventional figure, derived from   experience   or   from   awards   in   comparable   cases. Secondly, uniformity: There should be some measure of uniformity in awards so that similar decisions may be given   in   similar   cases;   otherwise   there   will   be   great dissatisfaction in the community and much criticism of the   administration   of   justice.   Thirdly,   predictability: Parties should be able to predict with some measure of accuracy  the sum  which is likely  to  be awarded in a particular case, for by this means cases can be settled peaceably and not brought to court, a thing very much to the public good." 12.   The assessment of damages in personal injury cases raises great   difficulties.   It   is   not   easy   to   convert   the   physical   and mental loss into monetary terms. There has to be a measure of calculated guess work and conjecture. An assessment, as best as can, in the circumstances, should be made. 13.   In McGregor’s Treatise on Damages, 14th Edn., para 1157, referring to heads of damages in personal injury actions states: "The person physically injured may recover both for his pecuniary losses and his non­pecuniary losses. Of these the pecuniary losses themselves comprise two separate items, viz., the loss of earnings and other gains which the plaintiff would have made had he not been injured and the medical and other expenses to which he is put as a 4 (1965) 1 All ER 563 7 result of the injury, and the courts have sub­divided the non­pecuniary losses into three categories, viz., pain and suffering, loss of amenities of life and loss of expectation of life." 14.     In  M/s   Concord of India Insurance Co. Ltd.  v.  Nirmala 5 ,  this Court held: Devi and others " 2 ….The determination of the quantum must be liberal, not niggardly since the law values life and limb in a free country in generous scales." 6 15.     In   R.D. Hattangadi    v.   Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. , dealing with the different heads of compensation in injury cases this Court held thus: " 9 .   Broadly   speaking,   while   fixing   the   amount   of compensation   payable   to   a   victim   of   an   accident,   the damages   have   to  be   assessed   separately   as  pecuniary damages and special damages. Pecuniary damages are those which the victim has actually incurred and which are   capable   of   being   calculated   in   terms   of   money; whereas   non­pecuniary   damages   are   those   which   are incapable of being assessed by arithmetical calculations. In order to appreciate two concepts pecuniary damages may   include   expenses   incurred   by   the   claimant:   (i) medical attendance; (ii) loss of earning of profit up to the date   of   trial;   (iii)   other   material   loss.   So   far   as   non­ pecuniary damages are concerned, they may include: (i)   damages   for   mental   and   physical   shock, pain and suffering already suffered or likely to be   suffered   in   the   future;   (ii)   damages   to compensate   for   the   loss   of   amenities   of   life which may include a variety of matters, i.e., on account of injury the claimant may not be able to walk, run or sit; (iii) damages for loss of expectation of life, i.e. on account of injury the normal longevity of the person concerned is shortened;   (iv)   inconvenience,   hardship, 5 1980 ACJ 55 (SC) 6 (1995) 1 SCC 551 8 discomfort,   disappointment,   frustration   and mental stress in life." 7 16. In  Raj Kumar  v.  Ajay Kumar and Others , this Court laid down the heads under which compensation is to be awarded for personal injuries. " 6 . The heads under which compensation is awarded in personal injury cases are the following: Pecuniary damages (Special damages) (i)Expenses relating to treatment, hospitalization, medicines, transportation, nourishing food, and miscellaneous expenditure.  (ii) Loss of earnings (and other gains) which the injured   would   have   made   had   he   not   been injured, comprising: (a)   Loss   of   earning   during   the   period   of treatment; (b)   Loss   of   future   earnings   on   account   of   permanent  disability. (iii) Future medical expenses. Non­pecuniary damages (General damages) (iv) Damages for pain, suffering and trauma as a consequence of the injuries. (v) Loss of amenities (and/or loss of prospects of marriage). (vi)   Loss   of   expectation   of   life   (shortening   of normal longevity). In routine personal injury cases, compensation will be awarded only under heads (i), (ii) (a) and (iv). It is only in serious cases of injury, where there is specific medical evidence   corroborating   the   evidence   of   the   claimant, that   compensation   will   be   granted   under   any   of   the heads (ii)(b), (iii), (v) and (vi) relating to loss of future earnings   on   account   of   permanent   disability,   future medical   expenses,   loss   of   amenities   (and/or   loss   of prospects of marriage) and loss of expectation of life.” 7 (2011) 1 SCC 343 9
17.InK. Sureshv.New India Assurance Company Ltd.
8 . , this Court held as follows : and Ors
“2...There cannot be actual compensation for anguish of
the heart or for mental tribulations. The
quintessentiality lies in the pragmatic computation of the
loss sustained which has to be in the realm of realistic
approximation. Therefore, Section 168 of the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988 (for brevity ‘the Act’) stipulates that
there should be grant of “just compensation”. Thus, it
becomes a challenge for a court of law to determine “just
compensation” which is neither a bonanza nor a windfall,
and simultaneously, should not be a pittance.”
18.Applying the aforesaid principles, we now proceed to assess
the compensation.   Expenses relating to treatment, hospitalization, medicines, transportation etc.
19.The High Court under the two heads of medical treatment
and   transport   has   awarded   Rs.1,88,501/­.     Out   of   this   an amount of Rs.1,38,501/­ is the actual expense incurred on the treatment of Kajal.   One must remember that amongst people who are not Government employees and belong to the poorer strata of society, bills are not retained.  Some of the bills have been excluded by the courts below only on the ground that the name of  the   patient  is  not written  on  the   bill.    There  is  no dispute   with   regard   to   the   long   period   of   treatment   and 8 (2012) 12 SCC 274 10 hospitalisation of this young girl.  Immediately after the accident on 18.10.2007, she was admitted at a hospital in Karnal.  From there,   she   was   referred   to   the   PGI,   Chandigarh,   where   she remained   admitted   from   21.10.2007   till   12.11.2007   and, thereafter,   she   was   again   admitted   in   the   hospital   from 12.11.2007 till 08.12.2007.  She was in the hospital for almost 51 days, and both Dr. Sameer Aggarwal (PW­3) from the hospital at   Karnal   and   Dr.   Rajesh   Chhabra   (PW­4),   from   PGI, Chandigarh, have supported this.  Limiting the amount only to the bills which have been paid in the name of the claimant only, would not be reasonable.   Therefore, the amount payable for actual   medical   expenses   is   increased   from   Rs.1,38,501/­   to Rs.2,00,000/­.     The   amount   awarded   for   transportation   at Rs.50,000/­ is reasonable.  Therefore, under this head we award Rs.2,50,000/­. Loss of earnings
20.Both the courts below have held that since the girl was a
young child of 12 years only notional income of Rs.15,000/­ per annum can be taken into consideration.  We do not think this is a proper way of assessing the future loss of income.  This young girl after studying could have worked and would have earned 11 much more than Rs.15,000/­ per annum.  Each case has to be decided on its own evidence but taking notional income to be Rs.15,000/­ per annum is not at all justified. The appellant has placed   before   us   material   to   show   that   the   minimum   wages payable to a skilled workman is Rs.4846/­ per month.   In our opinion this would be the minimum amount which she would have earned on becoming a major.   Adding 40% for the future prospects,   it   works   to   be   Rs.6784.40/­   per   month,   i.e., 81,412.80 per annum.  Applying the multiplier of 18 it works out to Rs.14,65,430.40, which is rounded off to Rs.14,66,000/­
21.Though the claimant would have been entitled to separate
attendant   charges   for   the   period   during   which   she   was hospitalised, we are refraining from awarding the same because we are going to award her attendant charges for life.   At the same time, we are clearly of the view that the tortfeasor cannot take benefit  of   the   gratuitous   service   rendered  by   the   family members.  When this small girl was taken to PGI, Chandigarh, or   was   in   her   village,   2­3   family   members   must   have accompanied her.  Even if we are not paying them the attendant charges   they   must   be   paid   for   loss   of   their   wages   and   the amount they would have spent in hospital for food etc.   These 12 family members left their work in the village to attend to this little girl in the hospital at Karnal or Chandigarh. In the hospital the claimant would have had at least two attendants, and taking the cost of each at Rs.500/­ per day for 51 days, we award her Rs.51,000/­.   Attendant charges
22.The attendant charges have been awarded by the High
Court @ Rs.2,500/­ per month for 44 years, which works out to Rs.13,20,000/­.     Unfortunately,   this   system   is   not   a   proper system.  Multiplier system is used to balance out various factors. When compensation is awarded in lump sum, various factors are taken into consideration.  When compensation is paid in lump sum, this Court has always followed the multiplier system.  The multiplier system should be followed not only for determining the   compensation   on   account   of   loss   of   income   but  also   for determining   the   attendant   charges   etc.     This   system   was
recognised by this Court inGobald Motor Service Ltd. v.
.The multiplier systemfactors in the
inflation   rate,   the   rate   of   interest  payable   on   the   lump   sum 9 AIR 1962 SC 1 13 award, the longevity of the claimant, and also other issues such as the uncertainties of life.   Out of all the various alternative methods, the multiplier method has been recognised as the most realistic   and   reasonable   method.     It   ensures   better   justice between   the   parties   and   thus   results   in   award   of   ‘just compensation’ within the meaning of the Act.
23.It would be apposite at this stage to refer to the observation
of Lord Reid inTaylorv.O’Connor
"Damages to make good the loss of dependency over a period of years must be awarded as a lump sum and that sum is generally calculated by applying a multiplier to the amount of one year's dependency. That is a perfectly good method in the ordinary case but it conceals the fact that there are two quite separate matters involved, the present value of the series of future payments, and the discounting of that present value to allow for the fact that for   one   reason   or   another   the   person   receiving   the damages   might   never   have   enjoyed   the   whole   of   the benefit of the dependency. It is quite unnecessary in the ordinary   case   to   deal   with   these   matters   separately. Judges and counsel have a wealth of experience which is an adequate guide to the selection of the multiplier and any expert evidence is rightly discouraged. But in a case where the facts are special, I think, that these matters must have separate consideration if even rough justice is to be done and expert evidence may be valuable or even almost essential. The special factor in the present case is the incidence of Income Tax and, it may be, surtax."
24.This Court has reaffirmed the multiplier method in various
cases likeMunicipal Corporation of Delhiv.Subhagwati
10  1971 AC 115 14
and Ors.
,U.P. State Road Transport Corporation and Ors.
v.Trilok Chandra and Ors.
,Sandeep Khandujav.Atul
.This Court has also recognised that
Schedule II of the Act can be used as a guide for the multiplier to be applied in each case.  Keeping the claimant’s age in mind, the multiplier in this case should be 18 as opposed to 44 taken by the High Court.
25.Having held so, we are clearly of the view that the basic
amount taken for determining attendant charges is very much on the lower side.   We must remember that this little girl is severely suffering from incontinence meaning that she does not have control over her bodily functions like passing urine and faeces.  As she grows older, she will not be able to handle her periods.   She requires an attendant virtually 24 hours a day. She requires an attendant who though may not be medically trained but must be capable of handling a child who is bed ridden.  She would require an attendant who would ensure that she does not suffer from bed sores.   The claimant has placed before us a notification of the State of Haryana of the year 2010, 11  1966 ACJ 57 12   (1996) 4 SCC 362 13  (2017) 3 SCC 351 15 wherein the wages for skilled labourer is Rs.4846/­ per month. We, therefore, assess the cost of one attendant at Rs.5,000/­ and   she   will   require   two   attendants   which   works   out   to Rs.10,000/­   per   month,   which   comes   to   Rs.1,20,000/­   per annum,   and   using   the   multiplier   of   18   it   works   out   to Rs.21,60,000/­ for attendant charges for her entire life.   This takes care of all the pecuniary damages. Pain, Suffering and Loss of Amenities
26.Coming to the non­pecuniary damages under the head of
pain, suffering, loss of amenities, the High Court has awarded
this girl only Rs.3,00,000/­. InMallikarjunv.Divisional
Manager,   The   National   Insurance   Company   Limited   and
Ors.
this head held that it should be at least Rs.6,00,000/­, if the disability   is   more   than   90%.     As   far   as   the   present   case   is concerned, in addition to the 100% physical disability the young girl is suffering from severe incontinence, she is suffering from severe hysteria and above all she is left with a brain of a nine month old child.  This is a case where departure has to be made 14  2013 (10) SCALE 668 16 from the normal rule and the pain and suffering suffered by this child is such that no amount of compensation can compensate.  
27.One factor which must be kept in mind while assessing the
compensation in a case like the present one is that the claim can be awarded only once.  The claimant cannot come back to court for   enhancement   of   award   at   a   later   stage   praying   that something extra has been spent.   Therefore, the courts or the tribunals   assessing   the   compensation   in   a   case   of   100% disability, especially where there is mental disability also, should take a liberal view of the matter when awarding compensation. While awarding this amount we are not only taking the physical disability   but   also   the   mental   disability   and   various   other factors.  This child will remain bed­ridden for life.  Her mental age will be that of a nine month old child.  Effectively, while her body grows, she will remain a small baby.   We are dealing with a girl   who   will   physically   become   a   woman   but   will   mentally remain a 9 month old child. This girl will miss out playing with her friends.   She cannot communicate; she cannot enjoy the pleasures   of   life;   she   cannot   even   be   amused   by   watching cartoons or films; she will miss out the fun of childhood, the excitement of youth; the pleasures of a marital life; she cannot 17 have children who she can love let alone grandchildren.  She will have no pleasure. Her’s is a vegetable existence.   Therefore, we feel in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case even after taking a very conservative view of the matter an amount payable for the pain and suffering of this child should be at least Rs.15,00,000/­. Loss of marriage prospects
28.The Tribunal has awarded Rs.3,00,000/­ for loss of
marriage prospects.   We see no reason to interfere with this finding. Future medical treatment
29.The claimant has been awarded only Rs.2,00,000/­ under
this head.   This amount is a pittance.   Keeping in view the nature of her injuries and the fact that she is bed­ridden this child is bound to suffer from a lot of medical problems.  True it is that there is no evidence in this regard but there can hardly be such evidence.  She may require special mattress which will have to be changed frequently.  In future as this girl grows, she may  face   many   other   medical   issues   because   of   the   injuries suffered in the accident.   Keeping in view her young age and 18 assuming she would live another 50­60 years, it would not be unjust to award her Rs.5,00,000/­ for future medical expenses.  How the compensation should be invested?
30.The tribunal while awarding the compensation had stated
that the amount payable to the share of Kajal would be kept in a Fixed Deposit till she attains the age of 18 years.   The High Court while enhancing the amount of compensation has directed that the enhanced amount be paid to the appellant within 45 days.  This is totally contrary to the guidelines laid down by this
Court inGeneral Manager, Kerala State Road Transport
Corporation, Trivandrumv.Susamma Thomas and Ors.
wherein it has been held clearly that the amount payable to the minors should not be normally released.  The guidelines in this case were as follows : “ 17 …. ( i ) The Claims Tribunal should, in the case of minors, invariably order the amount of compensation awarded to the minor be invested in long term fixed deposits at least till the date of the minor attaining majority. The expenses incurred by the guardian or next friend may, however, be allowed to be withdrawn; ( ii ) In the case of illiterate claimants also the Claims Tribunal should follow the procedure set out in ( i ) above, but if lump sum payment is required for effecting purchases of any movable or immovable property such as, agricultural implements, rickshaw, etc., to earn a living, the Tribunal may consider such a request after making sure that the 15  (1994) 2 SCC 176 19 amount is actually spent for the purpose and the demand is not a ruse to withdraw money; ( iii ) In the case of semi­literate persons the Tribunal should ordinarily   resort   to   the   procedure   set   out   at   ( i )   above unless it is satisfied, for reasons to be stated in writing, that   the   whole   or   part   of   the   amount   is   required   for expanding and existing business or for purchasing some property   as   mentioned   in   ( )   above   for   earning   his ii livelihood, in which case the Tribunal will ensure that the amount   is   invested   for   the   purpose   for   which   it   is demanded and paid; ( iv ) In the case of literate persons also the Tribunal may resort to the procedure indicated in ( i ) above, subject to the relaxation set out in ( ii ) and ( iii ) above, if having regard to   the   age,   fiscal   background   and   strata   of   society   to which   the   claimant   belongs   and   such   other considerations, the Tribunal in the larger interest of the claimant and with a view to ensuring the safety of the compensation awarded to him thinks it necessary to do order; ( v )   In   the   case   of   widows   the   Claims   Tribunal   should invariably follow the procedure set out in ( i ) above; ( vi ) In personal injury cases if further treatment is necessary the Claims Tribunal on being satisfied about the same, which shall be recorded in writing, permit withdrawal of such amount as is necessary for incurring the expenses for such treatment; ( vii )   In   all   cases   in   which   investment   in   long   term   fixed deposits is made it should be on condition that the Bank will not permit any loan or advance on the fixed deposit and   interest   on   the   amount   invested   is   paid   monthly directly to the claimant or his guardian, as the case may be; ( viii )   In   all   cases   Tribunal   should   grant   to   the   claimants liberty to apply for withdrawal in case of an emergency. To meet with such a contingency, if the amount awarded is substantial, the Claims Tribunal may invest it in more than one Fixed Deposit so that if need be one such F.D.R. can be liquidated….” These guidelines protect the rights of the minors, claimants who are under some disability and also widows and illiterate person who may be deprived of the compensation paid to them in lump 20 sum by unscrupulous elements.  These victims may not be able to invest their monies properly and in such cases the MACT as well the High courts must ensure that investments are made in nationalised banks to get a high rate of interest.  The interest in
most cases is sufficient to cover the monthly expenses.In
special cases, for reasons to be given in writing, the MACT or the trial court may release such amount as is required.  We reiterate these guidelines and direct that they should be followed by all the tribunals and High Courts to ensure that the money of the victims is not frittered away. Interest
31.The High Court enhanced the amount of compensation by
Rs.14,70,000/­ and awarded interest @ 7.5% per annum but directed that the interest of 7.5% shall be paid only from the date of filing of  the  appeal.   This is  also incorrect.    We are constrained to observe that the High Court was not right in awarding interest on the enhanced amount only from the date of filing of the appeal.  Section 171 of the Act reads as follows :
171.Award of interest where any claim is allowed.—
Where any Claims Tribunal allows a claim for
compensation made under this Act, such Tribunal may
direct that in addition to the amount of compensation
21
simple interest shall also be paid at such rate and from
such date not earlier than the date of making the claim
as it may specify in this behalf.”
Normally interest should be granted from the date of filing of the petition   and   if   in   appeal   enhancement   is   made   the   interest should again be from the date of filing of the petition.  It is only if the appeal is filed after an inordinate delay by the claimants, or the   decision   of   the   case   has   been   delayed   on   account   of negligence of the claimant, in such exceptional cases the interest may be awarded from a later date.  However, while doing so, the tribunals/High  Courts must give  reasons  why interest  is  not being paid from the date of filing of the petition. Therefore, we direct  that   the   entire   amount   of   compensation   including   the amount  enhanced   by   us   shall  carry   an  interest  of   7.5%  per annum   from   the   date   of   filing   of   the   claim   petition   till payment/deposit of the amount. Relief
32.In view of the above, we award a sum of Rs.62,27,000/­
to the claimant under the following heads :
S.No
.
HeadsAmount
22
(i)Expenses relating to treatment,<br>hospitalisation and<br>transportationRs. 2,50,000/­
(ii)Loss of earnings (family<br>members)Rs. 51,000/­
(iii)Loss of future earningsRs.14,66,000/
­
(iv)Attendant chargesRs.21,60,000/­Rs.21,60,000/­
(v)Pain, suffering, loss of amenitiesRs.15,00,000/­
(vi)Loss of Marriage prospectsRs. 3,00,000/­
(vii)Future medical treatmentRs. 5,00,000/­
This amount shall carry an interest @7.5% p.a. from the date of filing of the claim petition till payment/deposit of the amount. Obviously, the insurance company shall be entitled to adjust the amount already paid.   Further, the insurance company shall also be entitled to recover the amount from the owner in terms of the award of the MACT, which has not been challenged either before the High Court or us. 33.   We are aware that the amount awarded by us is more than the amount claimed.   However, it is  well settled law  that  in motor   accident   claim   petitions,   the   Court   must   award   just compensation and, in case, the just compensation is more than 23 the amount claimed, that must be awarded especially where the claimant is a minor. 34.  The insurance company shall deposit the enhanced amount before the MACT in terms of the judgment after deducting the amount already paid by the insurance company within a period of   3   months   from   today.     The   MACT   shall   keep   the   entire amount in a fixed deposit in a nationalised bank, for a period of 5 years, giving highest rate of interest.  The interest payable on this amount shall be released on quarterly basis to the father of the child.  This amount shall be spent for paying the attendants and for the care of the child alone.  Even after 5 years since this child for all intents and purpose shall remain a person under a disability, the MACT shall keep renewing the amount on these terms.  We, however, further direct that in case the parents or the guardian moves an application for release of some amount to meet some special medical expenses, then MACT may consider release of the same.
35.The appeal is disposed of in the aforesaid terms. No order
as   to   costs.     Pending   application(s),   if   any,   also   stand(s) disposed of.  24
...................................J.
(L. Nageswara Rao)
...................................J.
(Deepak Gupta)
New Delhi
February 05, 2020
25