Full Judgment Text
1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO S. 5920 – 5923/2021
[Arising out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.86148617 of
2020]
S. KARTHIK & ORS. ...APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
N. SUBHASH CHAND JAIN & ORS. .... RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T
B.R. GAVAI, J.
Leave granted.
1.
This case is a classic example as to how an
2.
ingenious litigant, by taking recourse to a series of
proceedings one after the other, has been successful in
blocking the enforcement of a security interest, created in
favour of a secured creditor, thereby defeating the very
purpose for which the Securitisation and Reconstruction of
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
RASHI GUPTA
Date: 2021.09.23
17:37:33 IST
Reason:
Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act,
2
2002 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the SARFAESI Act’) was
enacted.
3. The present appeals challenge the common
judgment and order dated 18.11.2019 passed by the High
Court of Judicature at Madras in Writ Petition Nos. 30710
and 30712 of 2019 filed by respondent No.1N. Subhash
Chand Jain herein (hereinafter referred to as ‘the auction
purchaser’) and in Writ Petition Nos. 28034 and 28036 of
2019 filed by the appellants herein, thereby disposing of all
the four writ petitions.
4. The facts, in brief, giving rise to the present
appeals are as under:
Ace Concrete Private Limited (hereinafter referred
to as ‘the borrower’) was a company engaged in the
manufacture and sale of ready mixed concrete and related
business activities.
The borrower had availed loans from respondent
No.5 –Indian Overseas Bank (hereinafter referred to as ‘the
respondentBank’). The appellants and respondent Nos. 2
to 4 herein had mortgaged their four properties as collateral
security and executed guarantee for the credit facility
granted to the borrower. As per the sanction of the
3
respondentBank dated 30.3.2010, the respondentBank
extended financial assistance to the tune of
Rs.21,14,00,000/ to the borrower. The guarantees, which
were signed and executed by the appellants and respondent
Nos. 2 to 4, were for an amount of Rs.22,74,74,000/.
It appears that thereafter there was a
transaction/Memorandum of Understanding between the
borrower and one M/s. AKR Holdings Private Limited
(hereinafter referred to as ‘AKR Holdings’), as per which the
entire sharecapital of the borrower was to be transferred to
AKR Holdings and the Management was also to be
transferred in favour of AKR Holdings. As per the
agreement, AKR Holdings was to take over the entire
liability of the borrower and also to get the four mortgaged
properties released to the appellants and respondent Nos. 2
to 4. It is, however, the contention of the appellants that
the said AKR Holdings in collusion with the respondent
Bank sold all the assets of the borrower hypothecated to the
respondentBank and also did not get the mortgaged
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properties released, as agreed. The borrower was, therefore,
categorised as ‘NonPerforming Asset (NPA)’ on 1.4.2011.
The respondentBank on 23.5.2011 issued notice
under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act for a liability of
Rs.20,24,05,000/. It is the contention of the appellants
that the respondentBank instead of proceeding against the
actual borrowers, i.e., the new Management, who had taken
over the control/management of the borrower, invoked its
power mala fidely against the subsisting guarantors. As
such, vide reply dated 11.7.2011, the appellant Nos. 1 and
6, and respondent Nos. 3 and 4 denied the claim of the
respondentBank. According to the appellants, ignoring the
same, on 25.8.2011, the respondentBank took symbolic
possession of all the four properties. The respondentBank
issued a sale notice dated 21.1.2012 (First Sale Notice) in
respect of all the four mortgaged properties claiming a sum
of Rs.23,39,54,702/ as outstanding. The date of sale was
scheduled to be 27.2.2012.
On 20.2.2012, the appellants and respondent
Nos. 2 to 4 filed a Securitisation Application being S.A.
No.69 of 2012 before the Debts Recovery TribunalIII,
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Chennai (hereinafter referred to as ‘the DRT, Chennai’),
thereby praying to quash the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012. The DRT, Chennai, vide order dated 27.2.2012
granted an interim stay restraining the respondentBank
from proceeding further with the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012 for a period of 30 days. However, this was
subject to deposit of 50% of the outstanding amount within
the said period.
On 28.3.2012, a sum of Rs.12.25 crores was
remitted to the respondentBank after sale of the mortgaged
property at Item ‘B’ in the Schedule of Properties. The said
sale was through a private treaty. According to the
appellants, they had already deposited an amount of Rs.50
lakh on 17.8.2011 and 23.8.2011, i.e., prior to the issuance
of the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012.
Vide order dated 2.7.2012, the DRT, Chennai,
dismissed S.A. No.69 of 2012 filed by the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4.
After the dismissal of S.A. No.69 of 2012, the
respondentBank issued a fresh sale notice dated 9.7.2012
(Second Sale Notice) calling upon the appellants and
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respondent Nos. 2 to 4 to pay the revised outstanding
amount of Rs.11,99,53,926/ within 10 days. The date of
sale for the remaining three mortgaged properties was
scheduled to be 20.7.2012.
Being aggrieved by the said Second Sale Notice
dated 9.7.2012, the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4
filed S.A. No.227 of 2012 before the DRT, Chennai, thereby
praying to quash the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012,
inter alia, on the ground that the auction/sale has been
fixed before the expiry of 30 days from the date of service of
Second Sale Notice. There is some dispute with regard to
the actual date of filing of the said S.A.No.227 of 2012.
However, for adjudication of the present appeals, it is not
necessary to go into the said aspect.
On 20.7.2012, the mortgaged properties at Item
‘A’ and Item ‘D’ of the Schedule of Properties mentioned in
the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 were sold for a sale
consideration of Rs.4,86,21,000/ to the auction purchaser.
Vide interim order dated 24.7.2012, the DRT,
Chennai, directed the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4
to deposit Rs. 1 crore to show their bona fides and granted a
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month’s time to procure prospective purchasers to clear the
entire dues by selling the mortgaged properties.
Accordingly, an amount of Rs.1 crore came to be deposited
on 31.7.2012.
The claim of the appellants and respondent Nos.
2 to 4 before the DRT, Chennai, in S.A. No. 227 of 2012
came to be resisted by the respondentBank by filing a reply
statement dated 2.8.2012.
The DRT, Chennai, passed an interim order dated
7.8.2012, thereby restraining the respondentBank from
bringing the mortgaged properties for sale pursuant to the
Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 for a period of 30 days
subject to deposit of Rs.4,80,00,000/ by the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4 within the said period, failing which
the said interim order dated 7.8.2012 was to stand vacated.
However, instead of complying with the said
order, the guarantors filed an application being I.A. No.437
of 2012 in S.A. No.227 of 2012. By the said application,
they sought a direction that the amount so directed to be
deposited (i.e. Rs.4,80,00,000/) by the DRT, Chennai, vide
order dated 7.8.2012, should be permitted to be deposited
8
either in the purchasers account or in separate suspense
account in the Indian Overseas Bank, Kilpauk Branch. This
was on the pretext of an ongoing investigation by the CBI
with regard to some fraudulent activities of the Officers of
the respondentBank . The said I.A. No.437 of 2012 came
to be dismissed by the DRT, Chennai, on 12.9.2012. Vide
the said order dated 12.9.2012, the respondentBank was
granted liberty to proceed with the sale and the main S.A.
No.227 of 2012 was directed to be posted for final hearing
on 20.9.2012
After the deposit of the balance sale consideration
by the auction purchaser on 12.9.2012, a sale certificate
came to be issued on 13.9.2012.
Being aggrieved by the order passed by the DRT,
Chennai, dated 12.9.2012, Civil Revision Petition No.3487
of 2012 came to be filed before the High Court of Judicature
at Madras. Another Civil Revision Petition No.3597 of 2012
came to be filed against the interim order passed by the
DRT, Chennai, dated 7.8.2012 in S.A. No. 227 of 2012
before the Madras High Court.
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During the pendency of the said Civil Revision
Petitions before the Madras High Court, a Third Sale Notice
dated 27.9.2012 was issued by the respondentBank for
recovery of a sum of Rs.6,76,07,054/. The date of sale was
scheduled to be 30.10.2012.
Vide various interim orders passed in the said
Civil Revision Petitions, the Madras High Court restrained
the respondentBank and the auction purchaser from
taking physical possession of the mortgaged properties.
During the pendency of the said Civil Revision Petitions, a
sum of Rs.12 crore was paid to the respondentBank
against the sale of mortgaged property at Item ‘C’ of the
Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012,
owned by respondent No.3Shanthi Sivasamy.
Vide common order dated 29.7.2013, the High
Court dismissed the said Civil Revision Petitions. The
appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 challenged the said
order dated 29.7.2013 before this Court by filing Special
Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 28402 and 28403 of 2013. This
Court vide order dated 7.7.2014 issued notice in the said
Special Leave Petitions confined to the question as to
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whether any excess payment made by the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4 was to be refunded by the
respondentBank. This Court also directed the Debts
Recovery Appellate Tribunal, Chennai (hereinafter referred
to as ‘the DRAT, Chennai’), to dispose of M.A.(S.A.) No.70 of
2014 expeditiously and preferably within a month’s time.
The said Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 28402
and 28403 of 2013 filed by the appellants and respondent
Nos. 2 to 4 were permitted to be withdrawn by this Court
vide order dated 17.4.2015. While granting leave to
withdraw, this Court observed that since the special leave
petitions are withdrawn, there will be no impediment for the
Tribunal to pass final orders.
It appears that in the meantime on 21.6.2013
since the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 were
unrepresented, the S.A. No.227 of 2012 came to be
dismissed in default by the DRT, Chennai. An application
being M.A. No.112 of 2013 was preferred by the appellants
and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 to recall the said dismissal order
dated 21.6.2013. The said application was rejected on
20.9.2013. The said order came to be challenged by the
11
appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 before the High Court
by filing C.R.P. PD. No.4410 of 2013. However, the said
C.R.P. PD. No.4410 of 2013 came to be dismissed by the
High Court vide order dated 3.12.2013 with liberty to the
appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 to approach the
DRAT, Chennai. It appears that the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4 approached the DRAT, Chennai, by
filing M.A. (S.A.) No.70 of 2014. The DRAT, Chennai, vide
order dated 10.7.2014 allowed the said M.A. (S.A.) No.70 of
2014 and directed the DRT, Chennai, to restore S.A. No.227
of 2012 and dispose of the same in accordance with law as
expeditiously as possible.
It also appears from the record that there were
certain proceedings initiated at the instance of the auction
purchaser praying for transfer of the proceedings from the
DRTIII, Chennai, which was seized of S.A. No.227 of 2012,
wherein the auction purchaser reached upto the High
Court, but could not succeed.
It appears from the record that in the meantime
the third respondentShanthi Sivasamy filed I.A. No.903 of
2016 in S.A. No.227 of 2012 seeking refund of the excess
12
amount of Rs.4.48 crore lying with the respondentBank
claiming that she was the owner of the mortgaged property
situated at Chrompet, Chennai, that was sold and that the
excess money lying with the respondentBank belonged to
her.
The DRT, Chennai, vide order dated 25.6.2018,
allowed S.A. No.227 of 2012 and set aside the Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012 and consequent sale of the mortgaged
properties and imposed cost of Rs.50,000/ on the
respondentBank for wilfully violating the provisions of law.
Vide the said order dated 25.6.2018, the DRT, Chennai,
directed the respondentBank to refund the amounts paid
by the auction purchaser along with 10% interest per
annum. It further directed the respondentBank to refund
the surplus sum of Rs.4.48 crore to the third respondent
Shanthi Sivasamy with 10% interest per annum.
The aforesaid order dated 25.6.2018 passed by
the DRT, Chennai, came to be challenged before the DRAT,
Chennai, by the respondentBank as well as by the auction
purchaser by filing appeals being R.A. (S.A.) No.143 of 2018
and R.A. (S.A.) No. 141 of 2018 respectively.
13
Vide common order dated 6.9.2019, the DRAT,
Chennai, allowed both the appeals and set aside the order
dated 25.6.2018 passed by the DRT, Chennai. It, however,
maintained the direction of the DRT, Chennai, insofar as
the payment of excess amount to the third respondent is
concerned.
The said order dated 6.9.2019 passed by the
DRAT, Chennai, came to be challenged by the appellants
before the High Court by filing Writ Petition Nos. 28034 and
28036 of 2019. The auction purchaser also challenged the
said order dated 6.9.2019 passed by the the DRAT,
Chennai, before the High Court by filing Writ Petition Nos.
30710 and 30712 of 2019.
Vide the impugned common order dated
18.11.2019, all the four writ petitions were disposed of.
Hence, the present appeals by way of special leave.
5. We have heard Shri K.V. Viswanathan, learned
Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants, Ms.
Anitha Shenoy, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf
of the respondentBank, Mr. K.K. Mani, learned counsel
appearing on behalf of the auction purchaser and Mr. Saju
14
Jakob, learned counsel appearing on behalf of respondent
No.3.
6. Shri K.V. Viswanathan, learned Senior Counsel
appearing on behalf of the appellants, submitted that in the
Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012, the period given for
paying revised outstanding dues was only 10 days. Learned
Senior Counsel submitted that the date fixed for auction
th
was immediately on the next day, i.e., the 11 day. Learned
Senior Counsel therefore submits that the said notice was
in blatant breach of Rule 8(6) and Rule 9(1) of the Security
Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002 (hereinafter referred to
as ‘the said Rules’). It is submitted that the said Rules
statutorily mandate that there must be 30 days’ time gap
between the date of notice and the date of sale of the
immovable assets.
Relying on the judgment of this Court in the case
1
of Mathew Varghese v. M. Amritha Kumar and others ,
the learned Senior Counsel submits that if the sale does not
take place pursuant to a notice issued under Rules 8 and 9
of the said Rules, then the procedure prescribed by the said
1 (2014) 5 SCC 610
15
Rules will have to be followed afresh, and a fresh notice of
30 days’ period will have to be given.
Relying on the judgment of this Court in the case
2
of ,
Vasu P. Shetty v. Hotel Vandana Palace and others
Shri K.V. Viswanathan, learned Senior Counsel, would
submit that the sale, which is in breach of the mandatory
requirements imposed by the Rules, would be null and void.
He submits that it has been held by this Court in the case
of (supra) that the earlier attempts of the
Vasu P. Shetty
borrower to thwart the sale would not constitute a waiver,
and the Bank could not be relieved from its obligation to
follow the mandatory procedure contained in the Rules. He
further submits that this Court, in the case of
J. Rajiv
3
Subramaniyan and another v. Pandiyas and others ,
has reiterated the same legal position.
Learned Senior Counsel further submits that the
respondentBank also understood that even for a
subsequent notice, a 30 days’ mandatory period has to be
provided inasmuch as in the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012, and in the Third Sale Notice dated 27.9.2012, a
2 (2014) 5 SCC 660
3 (2014) 5 SCC 651
16
period of more than one month has been provided. It is
only with regard to the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012, a
period of only 10 days has been provided. It is submitted
that this has been done in haste and with a mala fide
intention.
Learned Senior Counsel would further submit
that the contention of the respondentBank that the Second
Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 is a continuation of the First
Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 is totally erroneous. He
submitted that the schedule of the properties in the First
Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 and in the Second Sale Notice
dated 9.7.2012 is totally different. Not only that, but the
amount called upon to be paid is also totally different.
Shri Viswanathan further submits that the
finding of all the Authorities, i.e., the DRT, Chennai, the
DRAT, Chennai, as well as the High Court, that the third
respondentShanthi Sivasamy was entitled to the excess
amount is contrary to the record and the pleadings. He
submitted that the amount that was received, was received
from the sale of all the four mortgaged properties of which
two were sold through a private treaty and the remaining
17
two were sold through an auction sale. As such, the excess
amount, which was generated, was on account of the sale of
all the four mortgaged properties and not only on account of
the sale of the mortgaged property of the respondent No.3.
He further submits that it was a consistent stand of the
appellants as well as the respondent Nos. 2 to 4 that the
said amount was required to be kept by the respondent
Bank in an Escrow account so that in the event the auction
sale in respect of properties at Item ‘A’ and Item ‘D’ of the
Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012
is set aside, the amount can be refunded to the auction
purchaser with interest. It is, however, submitted that the
said amount has, in an illegal manner, been permitted to be
withdrawn by the respondent No.3, along with interest
accrued thereon.
Shri Viswanathan, learned Senior Counsel,
further submits that the present appeals need to be allowed
by quashing and setting aside the sale in respect of
properties at Items ‘A’ and ‘D’ of the Schedule of Properties
in the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012. He further
18
submits that a direction needs to be issued to respondent
No.3 to pay back the amount to the respondentBank,
which should be directed to utilise the said amount to
compensate the auction purchaser.
Ms. Anitha Shenoy, learned Senior Counsel
7.
appearing on behalf of the respondentBank, submits that
the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 cannot be construed
to be a fresh notice, but a continuation of the First Sale
Notice dated 21.1.2012. Learned Senior Counsel submits
that the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 was issued in
line with the law laid down by the Division Bench of the
Madras High Court in the case of Kalpesh P.C. Surana v.
4
. It is submitted that it has been held in the
Indian Bank
case of Kalpesh P.C. Surana (supra) that though a 30
days’ period is to be provided for auction sale in the First
Notice, there is no requirement under the law to provide a
30 day’s clear period in the subsequent notice. She further
submits that though the DRT, Chennai, the DRAT, Chennai,
and the High Court had granted several opportunities to the
appellants to make the payments, they have defaulted to do
4 (2010) 3 CTC 287
19
so. It is submitted that only in pursuance to the directions
of the DRT, Chennai, dated 12.9.2012, the sale was
completed in favour of the auction purchaser. Learned
Senior Counsel therefore submits that since the
respondentBank has always acted in compliance with the
orders passed by the Tribunals and the High Court, no fault
could be attributed to the respondentBank.
8. Shri K.K. Mani, learned counsel appearing on
behalf of the respondent No.1the auction purchaser,
submitted that on account of the litigation, though the
auction purchaser has deposited the entire amount in the
year 2012 itself, he is deprived of the benefit of the said
sale. Learned counsel relying on the judgment of this Court
in the case of
Dwarika Prasad v. State of Uttar Pradesh
5
and others , submitted that though the appellants have
lost before all the forums in several rounds of litigation and
that the auction purchaser by virtue of law is the owner of
the properties since 2012 onwards, he is being deprived of
the benefit of the rent from the properties at Items ‘A’ and
‘D’ of the Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice dated
5 (2018) 5 SCC 491
20
21.1.2012, which rent is being received by the appellants.
Learned counsel also relying on the judgment of this Court
in the case of Shakeena and Anr. v. Bank of India &
6
, further submits that the role of the respondentBank
Ors.
in the present case also needs to be noted. He submits that
though the respondentBank could very well have taken
steps under Section 14 of the SARFAESI Act for recovery of
physical possession, for last 9 years, the respondentBank
has not taken any steps.
9. Shri Saju Jakob, learned counsel appearing for
respondent No.3Shanthi Sivasamy, submits that all the
appellants are either Promoters/Directors or their direct
relatives. He submits that respondent No.3 is not directly
related to any of the Promoters or Directors but is related
only through marriage of her daughter in one of the
appellants’ family. He submits that the amount of Rs.12
crore received by the respondentBank was with regard to
Third Sale Notice dated 27.9.2012, which was only with
respect to the mortgaged property at Item ‘C’ in the
Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012
6 2019 SCC Online SC 1059
21
owned exclusively by her. He submits that since the said
sale notice was for an amount of Rs.6,76,07,054/, the
excess amount of Rs.4.48 crore was lying with the
respondentBank in respect of sale of the said property. It
is submitted that the amount towards the First and Second
Sale Notice was already accounted by the respondentBank
through sale of the mortgaged properties at Items ‘A’, ‘B’ and
‘D’ in the Schedule of Properties in the First Sale Notice
dated 21.1.2012, which properties belonged either to
Promoters/Directors or their family members. Learned
counsel submits that since the Third Sale Notice dated
27.9.2012 was only for an amount of Rs.6,76,07,054/ and
in respect of the property owned by the respondent No.3,
there is no error in directing refund of the excess amount
along with interest to the respondent No.3.
10. The sheetanchor of the contentions made on
behalf of the appellants is that even in case of Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012, a mandatory period of 30 days has to
be provided. It is therefore the submission on behalf of the
appellants that since the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012
22
does not provide for 30 days’ mandatory period and provides
for a period of only 10 days, the said notice and the
consequent sale is invalid in law. Heavy reliance has been
placed on the judgment of this Court in the case of Mathew
(supra).
Varghese
11. This Court in the case of Mathew Varghese
(supra) has elaborately considered the provisions of Section
13(1), 13(8), 35 and 37 of the SARFAESI Act so also Rules 8
and 9 of the said Rules. We, therefore, do not wish to
burden the present judgment by reproducing all those
provisions since they have already been reproduced and
considered in the case of (supra). We
Mathew Varghese
only refer to the relevant paragraphs, which are relied upon
by the learned counsel for the parties.
Before adverting to the observations made by this
12.
Court in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra), it will be
relevant to note the facts therein.
The first and second respondents therein stood as
guarantors in respect of a credit facility granted by the
fourth respondent Bank therein in favour of a Company
called ‘Jerry Merry Exports Pvt. Ltd.’. As guarantors, they
23
created an equitable mortgage in favour of the fourth
respondent Bank therein by depositing the title deeds of
their property. When the transaction became a non
performing asset, the respondentBank issued notices
under Section 13(2) and 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act. The
guarantors filed a Securitisation Application (S.A.) No.20 of
2007 before the DRT, Ernakulam, challenging the
possession notice issued under Section 13(4) of the
SARFAESI Act. After issuance of notices under Section
13(2) and 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act, the respondentBank
issued a notice on 14.8.2007 to the guarantors as well as
others of its intention to sell the property under Rule 8(6) of
the said Rules by fixing a reserve price of Rs.1,25,00,000/.
On 23.8.2007, the respondentBank published its notice of
sale of property in Indian Express and Mathrubhoomi,
inviting tenderscumauction from the public. The
guarantors vide notice dated 30.8.2007 were informed by
the respondentBank about the publication made on
23.8.2007. In pursuance of the tender notice, the
appellantMathew Varghese and one M/s Kent Construction
24
submitted their tenders on 30.8.2007 and 1.9.2007
respectively. The guarantors filed a writ petition being WP
No.27182 of 2007 before the Kerala High Court challenging
the proceedings initiated under the SARFAESI Act. The said
writ petition was disposed of by a learned single judge of the
Kerala High Court by order dated 20.9.2007. The High
Court after taking note of the Original Application (OA) filed
by the respondentBank as well as Securitisation
Application (SA) filed by the guarantors, directed the DRT to
hear the parties and dispose of the cases without any delay.
While disposing of the writ petition, the High Court also
gave liberty to the parties to settle the liability and directed
the respondentBank to defer the sale posted on 25.9.2007
by six weeks. While doing so, the High Court imposed a
condition on the guarantors to deposit a sum of Rs.10 lakh
before the date of sale, i.e., 25.9.2007. As such, the sale,
which was scheduled to be held on 25.9.2007, was
postponed. Even after the expiry of period of six weeks
prescribed in the order of the High Court dated 20.9.2007,
the sale was not effected. It was the case of the guarantors
25
that in pursuance of the order passed by the High Court,
they had deposited a sum of Rs.10 lakh with the
respondentBank. The said S.A. No.20 of 2007 came to be
dismissed by the DRT vide order dated 27.12.2007.
Immediately on the next day, i.e., 28.12.2007, the
respondentBank accepted the tender of the appellant
Mathew Varghese and asked him to deposit 25% of the
amount on that day itself, which was accordingly deposited.
He was asked to pay the balance amount within 15 days.
Mathew Varghese deposited the balance amount on
11.1.2008. After deposit of 25% of the bid amount on
31.12.2007 by Mathew Varghese, the fourth respondent
Bank confirmed the sale in his favour and granted him
further time of 15 days for depositing the balance amount.
13. It is only upon deposit of the balance amount by
Mathew Varghese on 11.1.2008 and the confirmation of the
sale in his favour, the fourth respondentBank informed the
guarantors on 2.2.2008 about the confirmation of the sale
in favour of Mathew Varghese and also the receipt of the
entire consideration. The respondentBank directed the
26
guarantors to collect the balance amount available with it.
As such, the guarantors filed Review Petition in the Writ
Petition, which was disposed of on 20.9.2007. The said
review petition was dismissed on 12.2.2008 giving liberty to
the guarantors to challenge the sale. The guarantors
thereafter filed another Writ Petition being Writ Petition
No.5876 of 2008 on 18.2.2008, challenging the vires of the
2002 Rules. It was their specific case that the respondent
Bank had acted surreptitiously in selling the property
without informing them. The said writ petition was
dismissed by the learned single judge of the High Court by
order dated 12.6.2009. Being aggrieved thereby, an appeal
was carried before the Division Bench of the High Court.
The Division Bench of the High Court took the view that the
sale was not conducted in a fair and proper manner
inasmuch as when the sale was initially postponed by six
weeks from 25.9.2007, the respondentBank ought to have
renotified the sale or at least extended the time for receiving
further tenders. The Division bench set aside the sale by
imposing a condition that the guarantors furnish a demand
27
draft of Rs.2,00,00,000/ from a local branch of a
nationalized bank in favour of Mathew Varghese and hand
over the same to him within a period of two months from
the date of the order. The Division Bench further directed
that if payment was not made, as directed, the sale in
favour of Mathew Varghese would stand confirmed and the
writ appeal would automatically stand dismissed. There
were further directions to the subRegistrar with regard to
restoration of the property etc.
14. The guarantors did not make the payment within
the said date, as directed by the Division Bench. Instead,
an application was filed by the guarantors, thereby seeking
for further six weeks’ time to effect the payment of
Rs.2,00,00,000/ to Mathew Varghese. In the said
application, the Division Bench passed an order dated
18.6.2010 extending the time period till 20.6.2010. It
appears that the guarantors had agreed to sell the property
in favour of Mr. Koshi Phillip. The High Court therefore by
the said order dated 18.6.2010 directed said Mr. Koshi
Phillip to deposit an amount of Rs.2,03,00,000/ before the
28
respondentBank and further directed that on such deposit
being made, the sale made by the respondentBank in
favour of Mathew Varghese stood cancelled and the
respondentBank should effect the sale in favour of said Mr.
Koshi Phillip. In this background, Mathew Varghese had
approached this Court.
15. It will be relevant to refer to the following
observations of this Court in the case of
Mathew Varghese
(supra):
“ 29.1. A plain reading of subsection (8)
would show that a borrower can tender to
the secured creditor the dues together with
all costs, charges and expenses incurred by
the secured creditor at any time before the
date fixed for sale or transfer. In the event
of such tender once made as stipulated in
the said provision, the mandate is that the
secured asset should not be sold or trans
ferred by the secured creditor. It is further
reinforced to the effect that no further step
should also be taken by the secured credi
tor for transfer or sale of the secured asset.
The contingency stipulated in the event of
the tender being made by a debtor of the
dues inclusive of the costs, charges, etc.,
would be that such tender being made be
fore the date fixed for sale or transfer, the
secured creditor should stop all further
steps for effecting the sale or transfer. That
29
apart, no further step should also be taken
for transfer or sale.
When we analyse in depth the stipu
29.2.
lations contained in the said subsection
(8), we find that there is a valuable right
recognised and asserted in favour of the
borrower, who is the owner of the secured
asset and who is extended an opportunity
to take all efforts to stop the sale or trans
fer till the last minute before which the said
sale or transfer is to be effected. Having re
gard to such a valuable right of a debtor
having been embedded in the said subsec
tion, it will have to be stated in uncontro
verted terms that the said provision has
ARFAESI
been engrafted in the S Act primar
ily with a view to protect the rights of a bor
rower, inasmuch as, such an ownership
right is a constitutional right protected un
der Article 300A of the Constitution, which
mandates that no person shall be deprived
of his property save by authority of law.
29.3. Therefore, dehors the extent of bor
rowing made and whatever costs, charges
were incurred by the secured creditor in re
spect of such borrowings, when it comes to
the question of realising the dues by bring
ing the property entrusted with the secured
creditor for sale to realise money advanced
without approaching any court or tribunal,
the secured creditor as a TRUSTEE cannot
deal with the said property in any manner
it likes and can be disposed of only in the
manner prescribed in the S ARFAESI Act.
30
Therefore, the creditor should ensure
29.4.
that the borrower was clearly put on notice
of the date and time by which either the
sale or transfer will be effected in order to
provide the required opportunity to the bor
rower to take all possible steps for retriev
ing his property or at least ensure that in
the process of sale the secured asset de
rives the maximum benefit and the secured
creditor or anyone on its behalf is not al
lowed to exploit the situation of the bor
rower by virtue of the proceedings initiated
ARFAESI
under the S Act. More so, under
ARFAESI
Section 13(1) of the S Act, the se
cured creditor is given a free hand to resort
to sale of the property without approaching
the court or Tribunal.
30. Therefore, by virtue of the stipulations
contained under the provisions of
the S ARFAESI Act, in particular, Section
13(8), any sale or transfer of a secured as
set, cannot take place without duly inform
ing the borrower of the time and date of
such sale or transfer in order to enable the
borrower to tender the dues of the secured
creditor with all costs, charges and ex
penses and any such sale or transfer ef
fected without complying with the said
statutory requirement would be a constitu
tional violation and nullify the ultimate
sale.
31. Once the said legal position is ascer
tained, the statutory prescription contained
in Rules 8 and 9 have also got to be exam
31
ined as the said Rules prescribe as to the
procedure to be followed by a secured cred
itor while resorting to a sale after the is
suance of the proceedings under Sections
13(1) to (4) of the S ARFAESI Act. Under Rule
9(1), it is prescribed that no sale of an im
movable property under the Rules should
take place before the expiry of 30 days from
the date on which the public notice of sale
is published in the newspapers as referred
to in the proviso to subrule (6) of Rule 8 or
notice of sale has been served to the bor
rower. Subrule (6) of Rule 8 again states
that the authorised officer should serve to
the borrower a notice of 30 days for the
sale of the immovable secured assets.
Reading subrule (6) of Rule 8 and subrule
(1) of Rule 9 together, the service of individ
ual notice to the borrower, specifying clear
30 days' timegap for effecting any sale of
immovable secured asset is a statutory
mandate. It is also stipulated that no sale
should be affected before the expiry of 30
days from the date on which the public no
tice of sale is published in the newspapers.
Therefore, the requirement under Rule 8(6)
and Rule 9(1) contemplates a clear 30 days'
individual notice to the borrower and also a
public notice by way of publication in the
newspapers. In other words, while the pub
lication in newspaper should provide for 30
days' clear notice, since Rule 9(1) also
states that such notice of sale is to be in
accordance with the proviso to subrule (6)
of Rule 8, 30 days' clear notice to the bor
rower should also be ensured as stipulated
under Rule 8(6) as well. Therefore, the use
32
of the expression “or” in Rule 9(1) should
be read as “and” as that alone would be in
consonance with Section 13(8) of
the S ARFAESI Act.
The other prescriptions contained in
32.
the proviso to subrule (6) of Rule 8 relates
to the details to be set out in the newspa
per publication, one of which should be in
“vernacular language” with sufficient circu
lation in the locality by setting out the
terms of the sale. While setting out the
terms of the sale, it should contain the de
scription of the immovable property to be
sold, the known encumbrances of the se
cured creditor, the secured debt for which
the property is to be sold, the reserve price
below which the sale cannot be effected,
the time and place of public auction or the
time after which sale by any other mode
would be completed, the deposit of earnest
money to be made and any other details
which the authorised officer considers ma
terial for a purchaser to know in order to
judge the nature and value of the property.
33. Such a detailed procedure while resort
ing to a sale of an immovable secured asset
is prescribed under Rules 8 and 9(1). In
our considered opinion, it has got a twin
objective to be achieved:
33.1. In the first place, as already stated by
us, by virtue of the stipulation contained in
Section 13(8) read along with Rules 8(6)
and 9(1), the owner/borrower should have
33
clear notice of 30 days before the date and
time when the sale or transfer of the se
cured asset would be made, as that alone
would enable the owner/borrower to take
all efforts to retain his or her ownership by
tendering the dues of the secured creditor
before that date and time.
Secondly, when such a secured asset
33.2.
of an immovable property is brought for
sale, the intending purchasers should
know the nature of the property, the extent
of liability pertaining to the said property,
any other encumbrances pertaining to the
said property, the minimum price below
which one cannot make a bid and the total
liability of the borrower to the secured
creditor. Since, the proviso to subrule (6)
also mentions that any other material as
pect should also be made known when ef
fecting the publication, it would only mean
that the intending purchaser should have
entire details about the property brought
for sale in order to rule out any possibility
of the bidders later on to express ignorance
about the factors connected with the asset
in question.
33.3. Be that as it may, the paramount ob
jective is to provide sufficient time and op
portunity to the borrower to take all efforts
to safeguard his right of ownership either
by tendering the dues to the creditor before
the date and time of the sale or transfer, or
ensure that the secured asset derives the
maximum price and no one is allowed to
34
exploit the vulnerable situation in which
the borrower is placed.”
16. It could thus be seen that this Court has held
that the creditor should ensure that the borrower was
clearly put on notice of the date and time by which either
the sale or transfer will be effected in order to provide the
required opportunity to the borrower to take all possible
steps for retrieving his property or at least to ensure that in
the process of sale, the secured asset derives the maximum
benefit, and that the secured creditor or anyone on its
behalf, is not allowed to exploit the situation of the
borrower. This Court held that Rule 9(1) of the said Rules
prescribed that no sale of an immovable property under the
said Rules should take place before the expiry of 30 days
from the date on which the public notice of sale was
published in the newspapers or notice of sale has been
served to the borrower. This Court further held that the
expression “or” in Rule 9(1) should be read as “and” and as
such there should be clear notice of 30 days between the
notice of sale to the borrower so also the publication in the
35
newspaper and the actual date of sale. This Court held that
this would serve twin purpose. Firstly, the owner/borrower
should have clear notice of 30 days before the date and time
when the sale or transfer of the secured asset would be
made inasmuch as, that would enable the owner/borrower
to take all efforts to retain his or her ownership by tendering
the dues of the secured creditor before that date and time.
Secondly, when such a secured asset of an immovable
property is brought for sale, the intending purchasers
should know the nature of the property, the extent of
liability pertaining to the said property, any other
encumbrances pertaining to the said property, the
minimum price below which one cannot make a bid and the
total liability of the borrower to the secured creditor. This
Court further held that the purpose of the Rule is to ensure
that the secured asset derives the maximum price, and no
one is allowed to exploit the vulnerable situation in which
the borrower is placed.
17. After referring to the judgment of this Court in
the case of Narandas Karsondas v. S.A. Kamtam and
36
7
, this Court in the case of
another Mathew Varghese
(supra) observed thus:
“ 38. On a reading of the above para
graphs, we are able to discern the ratio
to the effect that a mere conferment of
power to sell without intervention of the
court in the mortgage deed by itself will
not deprive the mortgagor of his right to
redemption, that the extinction of the
right of redemption has to be subse
quent to the deed conferring such power,
that the right of redemption is not extin
guished at the expiry of the period, that
the equity of redemption is not extin
guished by mere contract for sale and
that the mortgagor's right to redeem will
survive until there has been completion
of sale by the mortgagee by a registered
deed. The ratio is also to the effect that
the power to sell should not be exercised
unless and until notice in writing requir
ing payment of the principal money has
been served on the mortgagor. The above
proposition of law of course was laid
down by this Court in Narandas Karson
das [(1977) 3 SCC 247] while construing
Section 60 of the TP Act. But as rightly
contended by Mr Shyam Divan, we fail to
note any distinction to be drawn while
applying the abovesaid principles, even
in respect of the sale of secured assets
created by way of a secured interest in
favour of the secured creditor under the
provisions of the S ARFAESI Act, read
7 (1977) 3 SCC 247
37
along with the relevant Rules. We say so,
inasmuch as, we find that even while
setting out the principles in respect of
the redemption of a mortgage by apply
ing Section 60 of the TP Act, this Court
has envisaged the situation where such
mortgage deed providing for resorting to
the sale of the mortgage property with
out the intervention of the Court. Keep
ing the said situation in mind, it was
held that the right of redemption will not
get extinguished merely at the expiry of
the period mentioned in the mortgage
deed. It was also stated that the equity of
redemption is not extinguished by mere
contract for sale and the most important
and vital principle stated was that the
mortgagor's right to redeem will survive
until there has been completion of sale
by the mortgagee by a registered deed.
The completion of sale, it is stated, can
be held to be so unless and until notice
in writing requiring payment of the prin
cipal money has been served on the
mortgagor. Therefore, it was held that
until the sale is complete by registration
of sale, the mortgagor does not lose the
right of redemption. It was also made
clear that it was erroneous to suggest
that the mortgagee would be acting as
the agent of the mortgagor in selling the
property.
When we apply the above principles
39.
stated with reference to Section 60 of the
TP Act in respect of a secured interest in
38
a secured asset in favour of the secured
creditor under the provisions of
the S ARFAESI Act and the relevant Rules
applicable, under Section 13(1), a free
hand is given to a secured creditor to re
sort to a sale without the intervention of
the court or tribunal. However, under
Section 13(8), it is clearly stipulated that
the mortgagor i.e. the borrower, who is
otherwise called as a debtor, retains his
full right to redeem the property by ten
dering all the dues to the secured credi
tor at any time before the date fixed for
sale or transfer. Under subsection (8) of
Section 13, as noted earlier, the secured
asset should not be sold or transferred
by the secured creditor when such ten
der is made by the borrower at the last
moment before the sale or transfer. The
said subsection also states that no fur
ther step should be taken by the secured
creditor for transfer or sale of that se
cured asset. We find no reason to state
that the principles laid down with refer
ence to Section 60 of the TP Act, which
is general in nature in respect of all
mortgages, can have no application in
respect of a secured interest in a secured
asset created in favour of a secured
creditor, as all the abovestated principles
apply on all fours in respect of a transac
tion as between the debtor and secured
creditor under the provisions of
the S ARFAESI Act.”
39
It could thus be seen that this Court observed
18.
that the equity of redemption is not extinguished by mere
contract for sale and that the mortgagor's right to redeem
will survive until there has been completion of sale by the
mortgagee by a registered deed. This Court further observed
that applying the principles stated with reference to Section
60 of the Transfer of Property Act in respect of a secured
interest in a secured asset in favour of the secured creditor
under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act and the relevant
Rules applicable, a free hand is given to a secured creditor
to resort to a sale without the intervention of the court or
tribunal. It has, however, been held that under Section
13(8), it is clearly stipulated that the mortgagor, i.e., the
borrower, who is otherwise called as a debtor, retains his
full right to redeem the property by tendering all the dues to
the secured creditor at any time before the date fixed for
sale or transfer. This Court further held that if the tender is
made by the borrower at the last moment before the sale or
transfer, the secured asset should not be sold or transferred
by the secured creditor. This Court held that there was no
40
reason as to why the general principle laid down by this
Court in the case of Narandas Karsondas (supra) with
reference to Section 60 of the Transfer of Property Act could
not have application in respect of a secured interest in a
secured asset created in favour of a secured creditor. It has
been held that the said principles will apply on all fours in
respect of a transaction as between the debtor and secured
creditor under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act.
The most relevant observation of this Court could
19.
be found in paragraph 53 of the judgment in the case of
Mathew Varghese (supra), which reads thus:
“53. We, therefore, hold that unless and
until a clear 30 days' notice is given to the
borrower, no sale or transfer can be re
sorted to by a secured creditor. In the
event of any such sale properly notified
after giving 30 days' clear notice to the
borrower did not take place as scheduled
for reasons which cannot be solely at
tributable to the borrower, the secured
creditor cannot effect the sale or trans
fer of the secured asset on any subse
quent date by relying upon the notifica
tion issued earlier. In other words, once
the sale does not take place pursuant to
a notice issued under Rules 8 and 9,
read along with Section 13(8) for which
41
the entire blame cannot be thrown on
the borrower, it is imperative that for ef
fecting the sale, the procedure pre
scribed above will have to be followed
afresh, as the notice issued earlier would
lapse. In that respect, the only other provi
sion to be noted is subrule (8) of Rule 8 as
per which sale by any method other than
public auction or public tender can be on
such terms as may be settled between the
parties in writing. As far as subrule (8) is
concerned, the parties referred to can only
relate to the secured creditor and the bor
rower. It is, therefore, imperative that for
the sale to be effected under Section 13(8),
the procedure prescribed under Rule 8 read
along with Rule 9(1) has to be necessarily
followed, inasmuch as that is the prescrip
tion of the law for effecting the sale as has
been explained in detail by us in the earlier
paragraphs by referring to Sections 13(1),
13(8) and 37, read along with Section 29
and Rule 15. In our considered view any
other construction will be doing violence to
the provisions of the S ARFAESI Act, in par
ticular Sections 13(1) and (8) of the said
Act.”
(emphasis supplied)
20. This Court, in unequivocal terms, held that
unless and until a clear 30 days' notice is given to the
borrower, no sale or transfer can be resorted to by a secured
creditor. It further held that in the event of any such sale
properly notified after giving a 30 days' clear notice to the
42
borrower did not take place as scheduled for reasons, which
cannot be solely attributable to the borrower, the secured
creditor cannot effect the sale or transfer of the secured
asset on any subsequent date by relying upon the
notification issued earlier. This Court held that once the
sale does not take place pursuant to a notice issued under
Rules 8 and 9, read with Section 13(8) for which the entire
blame cannot be thrown on the borrower, it is imperative
that for effecting the sale, the procedure prescribed will have
to be followed afresh.
In the light of these observations, we have to
21.
consider the factual position in the present matter.
It is not in dispute that an equitable mortgage in
22.
favour of the respondentBank guaranteeing the loan taken
by the borrower was in respect of four properties. The chart
showing the schedule of properties, the owners (as
mentioned in the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012) and the
mode of sale is as under:
“SALE NOTICE DT. 21.01.2012
SCHEDULE OF PROPERTIES
| S.NO. | SCHEDULE<br>PROPERTY | OWNERS | MODE OF<br>SALE |
|---|
43
| 1 | ItemA –<br>Vepery<br>Property | Late Mr. C. Surendran,<br>Mr. C.Ravindran [R2]<br>Mrs. R. Rajalakshmi [P6]<br>Mr. R. Rajarajan [P3]<br>Mr. R. Rajasekaran [P2]<br>Ms. R. Abirami [P5] | Impugned<br>auction<br>sale to<br>Respondent<br>No. 1 |
| 2 | ItemB –<br>Madura<br>voyal<br>Property | Late Mr. C. Surendran<br>Mrs. R. Sivasakthi [R4]<br>Mrs. R. Rajalakshmi [P6] | Private<br>Treaty Sale |
| 3 | ItemC –<br>Chrompet<br>Property | Mrs. Shanti Sivaswamy<br>[R3] | Private<br>Treaty Sale |
| 4 | Item D<br>Sholingan<br>allur<br>Property | Late Mr. C. Surendran<br>Mr. S.Karthik [P1] | Impugned<br>auction sale<br>to<br>Respondent<br>No. 1 |
It can thus be seen that the properties at Items
23.
‘B’ and ‘C’ in the Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice
dated 21.1.2012 have been sold through a private treaty,
and as such, the said sales are not impugned in the present
appeals. It is only the properties at Items ‘A’ and ‘D’ in the
Schedule of Properties in First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012,
which have been sold consequent to Second Sale Notice
dated 9.7.2012 by public auction in favour of the auction
purchaser, are impugned. We will therefore have to
44
examine the correctness of the submission that since the
Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 provided for a period of
only 10 days, the auction sale held on 20.7.2012 is vitiated
in view of the law laid down by this Court in the case of
(supra). For that, it will be necessary to
Mathew Varghese
refer to various orders passed by the Tribunals as well as
the High Court.
24. It is not in dispute that the First Sale Notice
dated 21.1.2012 notifying auction sale on 27.2.2012 was for
recovery of Rs.23,39,54,702/ and in respect of all the four
scheduled properties at Items ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’. It is also
not in dispute that the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012
provided for a clear period of 30 days’ notice.
25. It is pertinent to note that immediately after the
First Sale Notice was issued on 21.1.2012, a Securitisation
Application being S.A. No. 69 of 2012 under Section 17(1) of
the SARFAESI Act came to be filed before the DRT, Chennai,
by the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4. It will be
relevant to refer to the interim order passed by DRT,
Chennai, on 27.2.2012 in S.A. No. 69 of 2012, which reads
thus:
45
“4. The Ld. Counsel for the applicant
submitted that he can sell the property
within 15 days and make substantial
payment (entire sale consideration) with
the bank within 15 days and the balance
amount due to the bank will be settled
within one month. If an interim
injunction is not granted at this
juncture, it will cause irreparable injury
to the applicants.
5. Hence in the interest of justice
interim stay is granted for a period of 30
days restraining the respondent bank
from proceeding further pursuant to the
sale notice dated 21.01.2012 subject to
deposit of 50% of the outstanding
amount within the period. For
compliance call on 29.03.2012.”
It could thus be seen that the counsel for the
26.
applicants therein, i.e., the appellants and the respondent
Nos. 2 to 4 herein submitted that the applicants could sell
the property within 15 days and make substantial payment,
i.e., the entire sale consideration with the respondentBank
within 15 days, and the balance amount due to the
respondentBank will be settled within one month. Acting
on the said statement made by the appellants and
respondent Nos. 2 to 4, the DRT, Chennai, granted interim
stay for a period of 30 days restraining the respondentBank
46
from proceeding further pursuant to the First Sale Notice
dated 21.1.2012. However, this was subject to deposit of
50% of the outstanding amount within the said period. The
matter was kept for compliance on 29.3.2012.
It is not in dispute that during the pendency of
27.
the said S.A. No.69 of 2012, an amount of Rs.12.25 crore,
which was received from the sale of mortgaged property at
Item ‘B’ through a private treaty on 28.3.2012, was remitted
to the respondentBank . It is the further contention of the
appellants that they had also deposited a sum of Rs.50 lakh
with the respondentBank prior to the receipt of First Sale
Notice dated 21.1.2012, and as such, an amount of
Rs.12.75 crore was already paid to the respondentBank.
28. When the said S.A. No.69 of 2012 came up for
final hearing before the DRT, Chennai, on 2.7.2012, the
DRT, Chennai, made the following observation:
“As I said earlier, the impugned Sale
Notice was published in two dailies
namely, New Sunday Express and
Dinamani on 22.1.2012. The applicants
have no case that these dailies have no
wide circulation in the locality. It is also
evident that Sale Notice was properly
served to the borrower. It is evident that
there is clear notice of 30 days from the
date on which public notice of sale is
47
published in newspapers. Therefore,
there is no violation of subrule (1) of
Rule 9 as contended. Hence I could not
find any merit in the contention raised by
the Ld. Counsel for the applicants.”
29. With these observations, S.A. No.69 of 2012 came
to be dismissed by the DRT, Chennai, vide order dated
2.7.2012.
30. After the said S.A. No. 69 of 2012 was dismissed,
the respondentBank issued a fresh notice on 9.7.2012
(Second Sale Notice), thereby informing the guarantors that
an amount of Rs. 11,99,53,926/ was due to the
respondentBank . It was therefore informed that sale of the
mortgaged properties at Items ‘A’, ‘C’ and ‘D’ in the Schedule
of Properties in the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 will be
held on 20.7.2012. The Schedule of Properties in the
Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 consisted of three
properties out of four properties mentioned in the earlier
notice dated 21.1.2012 (First Sale Notice) excluding the
property mentioned at item ‘B’ in the First Sale Notice,
which was sold by a private treaty on 28.3.2012.
31. The second round of litigation starts with S.A.
No.227 of 2012. It is the contention of the appellants that
48
the guarantors had immediately challenged the Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012 before the DRT, Chennai, by filing
S.A. No.227 of 2012 on 18.7.2012. However, on account of
some technical difficulties, S.A. No.227 of 2012 could be
first heard on 24.7.2012. On 24.7.2012, the DRT, Chennai,
passed the following order in S.A. No.227 of 2012:
“Advanced. Both parties present. Heard.
Petitioner agreed to deposit Rs.1 crore
within 2.8.2012 to show their bonafides.
They want breathing time to procure
prospective purchaser to clear the entire
dues within one month from today by
selling the remaining property. They
want one month time since it is Aady
month, no sale would be taken place.
Hence for compliance, call on 2.8.2012.”
32. It could thus be seen that the guarantors
represented to the DRT, Chennai, that they want some
breathing time to procure prospective purchaser and that
they would clear the entire dues of the respondentBank
within one month from that day by selling the remaining
property.
33. The matter thereafter came up for hearing on
7.8.2012 on which date the DRT, Chennai, passed the
following interim order:
49
“8. The applicants have made out a
strong case and the balance of
convenience is also in their favour.
Therefore, interim injunction is granted
for 30 days restraining the Authorised
Officer of respondent bank from brining
the properties described in the Schedule
for sale consequent upon the impugned
Auction Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012,
subject to deposit of Rs.4,80,00,000/
(Rupees Four Crores Eighty Lakhs only)
with the respondent bank within the
period, failing which this order will stand
vacated.”
34. Perusal of the aforesaid interim order would
reveal that an interim injunction was granted for a period of
30 days restraining the Authorised Officer of the
respondentBank from bringing the properties described in
the Schedule for sale consequent upon the impugned Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012. This was made subject to deposit of
Rs.4,80,00,000/ with the respondentBank within the said
period. It was, however, clarified that failing the same, the
interim order would stand vacated. The matter was kept for
compliance on 10.9.2012.
However, instead of complying with the said
35.
order, the guarantors filed an application being I.A. No.437
of 2012 in S.A. No.227 of 2012. By the said application,
50
they sought a direction that the amount so directed to be
deposited (i.e. Rs.4,80,00,000/) by the DRT, Chennai, vide
order dated 7.8.2012, should be permitted to be deposited
either in the purchasers account or in separate suspense
account in the Indian Overseas Bank, Kilpauk Branch. This
was on the pretext of an ongoing investigation by the CBI
with regard to some fraudulent activities of the Officers of
the respondentBank . The said I.A. No.437 of 2012 came to
be dismissed by the DRT, Chennai, on 12.9.2012. Vide the
said order dated 12.9.2012, the respondentBank was
granted liberty to proceed with the sale and the main S.A.
No.227 of 2012 was directed to be posted for final hearing
on 20.9.2012.
36. The orders passed by the DRT, Chennai, dated
7.8.2012 and 12.9.2012 came to be challenged by the
appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 before the High Court
of Judicature at Madras by way of Civil Revision Petitions
being C.R.P No.3597 of 2012 and C.R.P. No.3487 of 2012
respectively. On 9.11.2012, the Madras High Court passed
the following order in the said Civil Revision Petitions:
51
“2. Considering the submissions made
by the learned senior counsel for the
petitioners that the Petitioners are
prepared to pay entire dues to the Bank
including the amount deposited by the
auction purchaser, without prejudice to
their other contentions, and taking into
account the fact that the ultimate
beneficiary in the Bank in view of the
offer of the Petitioners to make the entire
payment, we restrain the bank and the
auction purchaser from taking physical
possession of the properties from the
Petitioners and their tenants, until
further orders.”
37. It could thus be seen that again a representation
was made to the Division Bench of the High Court that the
appellants were prepared to pay entire dues to the
respondentBank including the amount deposited by the
auction purchaser, without prejudice to their other
contentions. Acting on the said representation, the Division
Bench of the High Court granted interim protection to the
appellants.
38. It appears that in the meantime since the
property at Item ‘C’ belonging to respondent No.3 could not
be sold in pursuance of the earlier sale notices, a third
notice dated 27.9.2012 was issued in respect of property at
52
Item ‘C’. It further appears that in the said Civil Revision
proceedings, the Division Bench of the Madras High Court
was informed about the said sale notice and the appellants
again made a representation that they were willing to make
payment of the entire amount. It will be relevant to refer to
the following part of the order passed by the Division Bench
of the Madras High Court dated 15.11.2012 in the Civil
Revision proceedings:
“5. Taking into consideration the
affidavit filed by the Petitioners agreeing
to pay the entire amount within 90 days
and part payment of Rs.4,80,00,000/
within 45 days and also in view of the
submission made by the Bank that there
would be no bidders in case permission is
not granted to confirm the bid, we stay
the auction scheduled to be held on
Friday 16 November 2012.”
39. When the Civil Revision Petitions were listed on
8.1.2013, the Division Bench of the Madras High Court
passed the following order:
“2. The learned senior counsel for the
petitioners submitted that, the petitioners
have now identified a purchaser by name
Redbrick Realtors Private Limited and
they have agreed to purchase the
property at Old No.99, New No.51, Anna
Salai, Nagalkeni, Pammal Village,
Chromepet, Chennai44 (Item No.4) for a
53
total consideration of Rs.12 crores. The
prospective purchaser has taken a
demand draft for a sum of Rs.75 lakh in
the name of respondent Bank. Even
though the prospective purchaser has
agreed to settle the remaining amount
within a period of sixty days, during the
course of submission, the representative
of the prospective purchaser sought 90
days time to pay the remaining amount.
The prospective purchaser agreed to file
an affidavit indicating that a sum of Rs.6
crore will be paid on or before 28.3.2013
and the balance amount will be paid on
or before 26.4.2013.
… … …
5. The Director, Redbrick Realtors
Private Limited, is directed to file an
affidavit indicating that a sum of Rs.6
crores would be paid by 26 March 2013
and the balance of Rs.5.25 crore would
be paid on or before 26 April 2013. The
affidavit should contain a clear
undertaking that in case of failure to
adhere to the time limit, the purchase
has no objection for forfeiting the amount
of Rs.75 lakhs.”
40. On, 22.1.2013, the Division Bench passed the
following order:
“2. Pursuant to our earlier orders dated
8.1.2013 and 11.1.2013, the Bank is
permitted to appropriate the amount of
Rs.75 lakhs towards the loan account of
M/s Ace Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Similarly, the
amount of Rs.6 crore payable by the
prospective purchaser, as per our earlier
54
order dated 8.1.2013 shall be paid to the
loan account of M/s Ace Concrete Pvt.
Ltd. On such payment, the Bank is
permitted to appropriate the said
amount.”
41. It appears that during the pendency of the
proceedings before the High Court, the mortgaged property
at Item ‘C’ was sold by a private treaty, and an amount of
Rs. 9 crore was paid by the purchaser M/s. Redbrick
Realtors Private Limited on different dates. It is also the
contention of the appellants that an amount of Rs.3 crore
was deposited on 2.4.2013 by late Shri C. Surendran in
compliance of the undertaking given to the High Court.
42. When the said Civil Revision Petitions came up
for hearing on 30.4.2013, a grievance was made on behalf of
the auction purchaser that even after issuance of sale
certificate, he was not able to enjoy the fruits of the sale. It
was also contended that the guarantors were collecting huge
amount of rent of more than Rs.4 lakh, and though the
auction purchaser was the owner of the property, he was
deprived of the same. It will be relevant to refer to the
55
following observations of the Division Bench in the said
order dated 30.4.2013 passed in the Civil Revision Petitions:
“….According to him, even after issuance
of sale certificate, as early as on
30.09.2012, they are not able to enjoy the
fruits of the sale. Further, according
Petitions, if the petitioner is allowed to
collect rent from the premises in
question, they have to face hardship in
getting back the rent collected by the
petitioner during the pendency of the
Civil Revision Petitions. In view of this,
we are of the opinion that ends of justice
will be met by directing the petitioners to
deposit the amount collected by way of
rent before the Debt Recovery Tribunal
No.III, Chennai.
2. Consequently, the petitioner is
directed to deposit the amount collected
by way of rent before the Debt Recovery
Tribunal No.III, Chennai.”
It will be further relevant to note that it was
43.
sought to be urged on behalf of the respondentBank that
balance amount of Rs.4.48 crore was lying with the
respondentBank. However, the EPF and ESI authorities
were pressuring to make payment to them. The Division
Bench of the High Court vide order dated 30.4.2013
therefore directed that status quo be maintained with regard
to the said amount.
56
The said Civil Revision Petitions were finally
44.
heard and dismissed by the Division Bench of the High
Court on 29.7.2013. While dismissing the said Civil
Revision Petitions, the Division Bench of the High Court
observed thus:
“10. Under such circumstances, after
the confirmation of sale and after the
issue of sale certificate, when that issue
is not before this Court, certainly, we
cannot entertain the request of the
learned Senior Counsel appearing for the
petitioners to set aside the sale. Further,
as pointed out earlier, with regard to the
orders which are under challenge in
these Civil Revision Petitions, no
infirmity has been brought to the notice,
of this Court. Consequently, both the
Civil Revision Petitions are dismissed.
Connected Miscellaneous Petitions are
closed.
Further, this Court is constrained
to impose costs of Rs. 5,000/ on the
petitioners, payable to the Chief Justice
Relief fund, far the reason that, though,
from the very beginning of the argument,
it was brought to the notice of the
learned Senior Counsel appearing for the
petitioners that this Court cannot
entertain any submission regarding the,
alleged irregularity or illegality in the
sale effected and this Court cannot set
aside the sale also in the absence of any
challenge to the same, this Court has
57
been pressurized by the learned Senior
Counsel appearing for the petitioners to
grant the relief of setting aside the
sale ,and by this, in the considered
opinion of this Court, the time of this
Court has been wasted, Whatever be the
length of time consumed in advancing
arguments with regard to the relief
sought in the Civil Revision Petitions,
certainly, arguments have to be heard by
this Court, But, arguments at length
cannot be allowed for a relief which is
not sought in these Civil Revision
Petitions.”
45. It could thus be seen that the Division Bench of
the High Court also imposed costs of Rs.5,000/ on the
petitioners therein as it was of the view that the learned
counsel for the petitioners therein had exceeded in his limit
while arguing the matter.
46. Litigation did not stop right there, rather it came
upto this Court by way of Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos.
28402 and 28403 of 2013. This Court vide order dated
7.7.2014 in the said Special Leave Petitions, passed the
following order:
“Issue notice confined to the question as
to whether any excess payment made by
the petitioners is to be refunded by the
bank. We also direct the Debts Recovery
Appellate Tribunal to dispose of the
appeal, M.A. (S.A.) No.70/2014,
58
expeditiously preferably within a month’s
time.”
47. It could thus be seen that this Court had issued
notice confined only to the question as to whether any
excess payment made by the petitioners therein was to be
refunded by the respondentBank. This Court also directed
the DRAT, Chennai to dispose of the appeal, M.A. (S.A.)
No.70/2014, expeditiously preferably within a month’s time.
48. The said Special Leave Petitions subsequently
were permitted to be withdrawn by this Court vide order
dated 17.4.2015, which reads thus:
“The special leave petitions are permitted
to be withdrawn.
Since, the special leave petitions are
withdrawn, there is no impediment for
the Tribunal to pass final orders.”
49. It appears that in the meantime on 21.6.2013
since the appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 were
unrepresented, the S.A. No.227 of 2012 came to be
dismissed in default by the DRT, Chennai. An application
being M.A. No.112 of 2013 was preferred by the appellants
and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 to recall the said dismissal order
dated 21.6.2013. The said application was rejected by the
59
DRT, Chennai, vide order dated 20.9.2013. The said order
came to be challenged by the appellants and respondent
Nos. 2 to 4 before the High Court by filing C.R.P. No.4410 of
2013. However, the said C.R.P. No.4410 of 2013 came to be
disposed of by the High Court with liberty to the appellants
and respondent Nos. 2 to 4 to approach the DRAT, Chennai.
It further appears that the appellants and the
respondent Nos. 2 to 4 approached the DRAT, Chennai, by
filing M.A. (S.A.) No.70 of 2014. The DRAT, Chennai, vide
order dated 10.7.2014 allowed the said M.A. (S.A.) No.70 of
2014 and directed the DRT, Chennai, to restore S.A. No.227
of 2012 and dispose of the same in accordance with law as
expeditiously as possible.
50. It also appears from the record that there were
certain proceedings initiated at the instance of the auction
purchaser praying for transfer of the proceedings from the
DRTIII, Chennai, which was seized of S.A. No.227 of 2012,
which reached upto the High Court, wherein the auction
purchaser could not succeed.
It appears from the record that in the meantime
51.
the third respondentShanthi Sivasamy filed I.A. No.903 of
60
2016 in S.A. No.227 of 2012 seeking refund of the excess
amount of Rs.4.48 crore lying with the respondentBank
claiming that she was the owner of the mortgaged property
situated at Chrompet, Chennai, that was sold and that the
excess money lying with the respondentBank belonged to
her.
52. The third round of litigation begins with the order
passed by DRT, Chennai, dated 25.6.2018 in S.A. No.227 of
2012 in pursuance of the order of the DRAT, Chennai, dated
10.7.2014 restoring S.A. No.227 of 2012. The relevant
paragraphs of the order dated 25.6.2018 passed by the
DRT, Chennai, in S.A. No.227 of 2012 read thus:
“10.8 From the perusal of records
and written submissions filed by all the
parties, It is evident that the first
respondent bank did not follow the
procedure as far as the subject
impugned sale notice is concerned as
warranted under law and it is settled
principle of law that every notice of sale
shall have a distinct cause of action and
hence requires the statutory compliance
of Rule 9(1) of the Security Interest
(Enforcement) Rules, 2002, which
mandates issuance of 30 days clear
notice to the borrowers before initiating
the process of sale. As the respondent
bank has failed to adhere to the same,
61
the sale notice dated 9.7.2012
scheduling the sale on 20.7.2012 is
riddled with infirmity and hence is liable
to be set aside. Accordingly, owing to
infirmities the sale notice dated 9.7.2012
is set aside, Consequent to which, the
sale purported to have been conducted
and confirmed in favour of the second
respondent over Item 'A' and 'C' schedule
properties is also set aside.
Point 8 (III)
11.0 In the result SA No. 227/2012
is allowed setting aside the sale notice'
dated 9.7.2012 and the consequent sale
of Item 'A' and 'C' schedule properties of
the subject impugned sale notice with
costs of Rs.∙ 50,000 / payable by the
1st respondent bank to the appellant for
willfully violating the provisions of law
and continuing their allegation on the
same ground for several years without
conceding to their defect and correcting
themselves at the first opportune time,
This fact is evident, when the same
respondent bank, in the same matter,
had got issued yet another sale notice
trying to bring the Item 'B' schedule
mentioned property of the subject
impugned sale notice by a sale notice
dated 27.9.2012 scheduling the sale to
30.10.2012, which concludes that the
first respondent bank is very much
aware of the compliance of provisions of
law, but had willfully, exhibited their
disrespect for the same, owing to which
imposition of costs is necessitated as a
deterrent and not to repeat the same.
62
11. l Further, in view of the
foregoing, the First Respondent bank is
directed to refund the amounts as
nd
received from the 2
respondent/auction purchaser together
with interest @ 10% p.a. (simple) from
the respective dates of receipt till the
date of payment in full.
11.2 The further facts of the case is
that during the pendency of these
proceedings, the appellants had
augmented funds to the tune of Rs.
5,23,92,946/ and remitted the same.
Both parties viz., the appellants and the
st
1 respondent bank had filed their
calculation memos into this Tribunal,
where under it has been commonly
conceded to and accepted that a sum of
Rs. 4,48,00,000/ being the surplus sale
proceeds of 'B' schedule property is lying
with the bank from the date of deposit
by the auction purchaser of item 'B'
schedule property, which was sold
pursuant to the sale notice dated
27.09.2012 scheduling the auction sale
to 30.10.2012, and which sale was never
challenged and thus attained finality.
st
Therefore, the 1 respondent bank is
directed to refund the said sum of Rs.
4,48,00,000/ (sic however, a sum of Rs.
th
4,46 crores is claimed by the 4
th
appellant in IA No. 903/2013) to the 4
appellant herein, who is the
owner/mortgagor of the said Item 'B'
schedule property since that is the
property which has been sold for
recovering the overdue amounts after
63
adjusting the payments made by the
appellants, together with subsequent
interest @ 10% p.a. (simple) from the
date of receipt till the date of actual
st
payment by the 1 respondent bank.”
53. It could thus be seen that the DRT, Chennai,
came to the conclusion that the notice dated 9.7.2012,
scheduling the sale on 20.7.2012, was contrary to the
provisions as contained in Rule 9(1) of the said Rules, and
as such, was liable to be set aside. Consequently, the sale
purported to have been conducted and confirmed in favour
of the auction purchaser over Item ‘A’ and Item ‘C’
properties in the Schedule of Properties in Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012 was also set aside. Vide the said
order dated 25.6.2018, the DRT, Chennai, directed the
respondentBank to refund the amounts as received from
the auction purchaser together with interest at the rate of
10% per annum. The DRT, Chennai, also directed the
respondentBank to refund sum of Rs.4.48 crore with
interest at the rate of 10% per annum to respondent No.3,
who was the owner and mortgagor of the property sold
pursuant to the notice dated 27.9.2012. While allowing S.A.
64
No. 227 of 2012, the DRT, Chennai, had also imposed costs
of Rs.50,000/ on the respondentBank.
54. Being aggrieved thereby, the auction purchaser
as well as the respondentBank approached the DRAT,
Chennai, by filing R.A. (S.A.) No.141 of 2018 and R.A. (S.A.)
No.143 of 2018 respectively. Vide common order dated
6.9.2019, the DRAT, Chennai, allowed the said appeals.
The DRAT, Chennai, reversed the order of the DRT,
Chennai, dated 25.6.2018 insofar as setting aside the sale
and imposition of costs is concerned. However, insofar as
direction to pay amount of Rs.4.48 crore with interest at the
rate of 10% per annum to respondent No.3 is concerned, the
same was maintained.
55. Being aggrieved thereby, four writ petitions were
filed before the Madras High Court; two writ petitions being
Writ Petition Nos. 28034 and 28036 of 2019 were filed by
the appellants and two writ petitions being Writ Petition
Nos. 30710 and 30712 of 2019 were filed by the auction
purchaser. The writ petitions filed by the auction purchaser
was with limited grievance that though he had purchased
the properties, he was deprived of the rent realised
65
therefrom since 2012 onwards, and therefore, either the
borrowers or the respondentBank should be directed to pay
him the rent realized from the properties purchased by him
in the year 2012 or in the alternative, to set aside the
auction and refund the amount deposited by him with
interest. Insofar as the present appellants are concerned,
they were aggrieved by the finding of the DRAT, Chennai,
reversing the order passed by the DRT, Chennai, setting
aside the sale.
56. It will be relevant to note that this Court in the
case of Mathew Varghese (supra) itself has held that in the
event of any such sale properly notified after giving a 30
days' clear notice to the borrower does not take place as
scheduled for the reasons, which are not solely attributable
to the borrower, then the secured creditor cannot effect the
sale and he will have to initiate the procedure de novo.
Therefore, the question, that will have to be considered, is,
as to whether the sale, which was notified as per the notice
dated 21.1.2012, could not take place on the date
66
scheduled in the said notice for the reasons, which are
solely attributable to the guarantors or not.
57. It could be seen that immediately after the notice
was issued on 21.1.2012, the guarantors approached the
DRT, Chennai, by way of S.A. No.69 of 2012. The
guarantors gave an impression to the DRT, Chennai, that
they can sell the property within 15 days and make the
payment of the entire consideration within 15 days, and
that the balance amount could be settled within one month.
Acting on the representation of the guarantors , the DRT,
Chennai, vide order dated 27.2.2012 granted interim stay
for a period of 30 days, restraining the respondentBank
from proceeding further, pursuant to the sale notice dated
21.1.2012. However, this was subject to deposit of 50% of
the outstanding amount within the said period. It could
thus be seen that the sale as per the notice dated
21.1.2012, which was scheduled to take place on
27.2.2012, could not take place on the scheduled date on
account of interim orders passed by the DRT, Chennai,
which were passed on the representation of the guarantors.
67
It is not in dispute that notice dated 21.1.2012
58.
clearly provided a 30 days’ period as prescribed in the said
Rules. It is also not in dispute that as per the
representation made to the DRT, Chennai, on 27.2.2012,
the appellants did not settle the entire amount within a
period of one month. It appears that S.A. No.69 of 2012
was pending till 2.7.2012 and it came to be dismissed on
the said date, i.e., 2.7.2012. In the meanwhile, the
appellants had sold the property at Item ‘B’ in the Schedule
of Properties in the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012
through a private treaty for an amount of Rs.12.25 crore,
and the said amount was deposited with the respondent
Bank. However, it is not in dispute that the entire claim of
the respondentBank was not satisfied till 2.7.2012 on
which date the DRT, Chennai, dismissed S.A. No.69 of
2012.
59. After dismissal of S.A. No.69 of 2012 on 2.7.2012
by the DRT, Chennai, a fresh notice dated 9.7.2012 (Second
Sale Notice) came to be issued by the respondentBank to
the appellants. In the said notice, the Schedule of Properties
68
was the same as that in the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012, except the property at Item ‘B’, which was sold
through a private treaty. Therefore, in the Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012, the property at Item ‘C’ became Item
‘B’ and the property at Item ‘D’ became Item ‘C’. The
amount claimed in the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012
was Rs.11,99,53,926/, i.e., the amount claimed in the First
Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 minus the amount realized
from the sale of property at Item ‘B’ through a private treaty.
60. It could thus be seen that the Second Sale Notice
dated 9.7.2012 was in continuation of the proceedings of
the First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012, which sale could not
be effected only on account of the interim orders passed by
the DRT, Chennai, on the representation made by the
appellants and respondent Nos. 2 to 4. It could further be
seen that even in view of the law laid down by this Court in
the case of Mathew Varghese (supra), since the sale
scheduled on 27.2.2012, as per the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012, could not be held due to the reasons attributable
solely to the guarantors, there was no necessity of again
69
following the same procedure of providing a 30 days’ clear
notice. In any case, the respondentBank issued a fresh
Second Sale Notice on 9.7.2012 to the appellants,
scheduling the sale on 20.7.2012. There is a substantial
distinction of facts in the present case as compared to those
in the case of (supra). In the case of
Mathew Varghese
Mathew Varghese (supra) after the dismissal of S.A., the
respondentBank had surreptitiously accepted the tender of
the auction purchaser on the very next day of dismissal of
S.A. without issuing a notice to the guarantors/borrowers
and also confirmed the sale, and only after the confirmation
of sale and receipt of the entire amount, informed the
borrowers/guarantors about the sale being confirmed. It is
not the case here. In the present case, after the S.A. was
dismissed on 2.7.2012, the respondentBank again issued a
fresh Notice on 9.7.2012 scheduling the sale on 20.7.2012.
61. The facts in the case of Mathew Varghese
(supra) are also distinguishable inasmuch as though
between the date of publication of notice in the newspapers
and the date scheduled for sale, a clear 30 days’ period was
70
provided, but insofar as the individual notice to the
borrowers/guarantors and the date scheduled for sale, a 30
days’ clear period was not provided. And this was with
regard to the very first notice. On the aforesaid premise,
this Court in the case of (supra) held
Mathew Varghese
that the word ‘or’ used in Rule 9 of the said Rules will have
to be read as ‘and’, and that there should be a clear 30 days’
period between the date of publication of notice in the
newspapers as well as individual notice to the
borrower/guarantor and the date scheduled for sale.
Clearly, in the present case, there has been compliance with
the same, insofar as the first notice is concerned, whereas
in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra), there was no 30
days’ period between individual notice and the date of sale.
62. The matter does not rest at that. Immediately
after the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012 is issued, the
appellants along with respondent Nos. 2 to 4 filed S.A.
No.227 of 2012 challenging the notice dated 9.7.2012.
There is some dispute between the parties with regard to the
date on which the said S.A. No.227 of 2012 was filed.
71
However, in the light of the view that we are taking, the
same would not be relevant.
63. When the matter (S.A. No.227 of 2012) came up
for hearing before the DRT, Chennai, on 24.7.2012, a
representation was made by the appellants to the DRT,
Chennai, that they wanted some breathing time to procure
prospective purchaser to clear the entire dues within one
month from the said date by selling the remaining property.
The said S.A. No.227 of 2012 thereafter came up for hearing
before the DRT, Chennai, on 7.8.2012. On the said date,
the DRT, Chennai, passed an order of interim injunction for
a period of 30 days restraining the respondentBank from
giving effect to the sale notice dated 9.7.2012 subject to
deposit of Rs.4.80 crore within the said period of 30 days.
The said order dated 7.8.2012 also made it clear that on
failure to make such payment, the said order would stand
vacated.
64. It is not in dispute that in pursuance of the said
order dated 7.8.2012, the appellants have not deposited the
amount of Rs.4.80 crore within 30 days. It is to be noted
that the order dated 7.8.2012 was selfoperative. On failure
72
on the part of the appellants to deposit the amount of
Rs.4.80 crore prior to 7.9.2012, the interim injunction stood
automatically vacated. It could thus be seen that even on
this occasion, the appellants had an opportunity for
redemption of the mortgage and clearing their properties
from encumbrances. However, the appellants, even during
this period, did not avail of the said opportunity.
65. It is to be noted that in the meanwhile, the
auction purchaser had bid for the properties at Items ‘A’
and ‘C’ in the Schedule of Properties in the Second Sale
Notice dated 9.7.2012 (i.e. the properties at Items ‘A’ and ‘D’
in the Schedule of Properties in the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012). In the said sale, which was held on 20.7.2012,
the auction purchaser was the successful bidder having bid
for Rs.1,45,66,000/ and Rs.3,40,55,000/ respectively, in
all totaling to Rs.4,86,21,000/. Upon payment of the entire
amount, the sale was confirmed on 21.7.2012. Not only
that, the sale was duly registered on 14.9.2012 after the
auction purchaser had spent a sum of Rs.38,89,880/
towards the registration charges. It is to be noted that the
73
appellants instead of complying with the directions, had
filed I.A. No.437 of 2012 in S.A. No.227 of 2012 seeking
certain directions with regard to deposit of the amount in
some other account. The DRT, Chennai, vide order dated
12.9.2012, dismissed the said I.A. No.437 of 2012, and
thereby, granted liberty to the respondentBank to proceed
with the sale. It is only thereafter, that the sale came to be
registered in favour of the auction purchaser on 14.9.2012.
It is, thus, clear that the sale came to be registered in favour
of the auction purchaser in view of the liberty granted by
the DRT, Chennai, in its order dated 12.9.2012.
66. Even thereafter, the guarantors continued with
their effort to prolong the proceedings. Various orders came
to be passed in the Civil Revision Petitions, which we have
already referred to hereinabove. In one of the orders passed
by the High Court, i.e., the order dated 30.4.2013, the
appellants were also directed to deposit the amount
collected by way of rent before the DRT, Chennai. Finally,
finding that after the confirmation of sale and after the
issuance of the sale certificate, the Court could not
74
interfere, the said Civil Revision Petitions came to be
dismissed on 29.7.2013.
67. Being aggrieved thereby, the appellants
approached this Court by way of Special Leave Petition
(Civil) Nos. 28402 and 28403 of 2013, wherein this Court
issued notice vide order dated 7.7.2014. The said Special
Leave Petitions subsequently were permitted to be
withdrawn by this Court vide order dated 17.4.2015.
However, in view of the observations made by this Court in
its order dated 7.7.2014, the M.A. No.70 of 2014, which was
filed before the DRAT, Chennai, challenging the order of the
DRT, Chennai dated 20.9.2013 refusing to restore the S.A.
No.227 of 2012, which was dismissed in default, was heard
on 10.7.2014 and the S.A. No.227 of 2012 was restored to
the file. As already pointed out hereinabove, the said S.A.
No.227 of 2012 was allowed by the DRT, Chennai, vide
order dated 25.6.2018, which order was reversed by the
DRAT, Chennai, vide order dated 6.9.2019, and the order of
the DRAT, Chennai, dated 6.9.2019 was maintained by the
75
High Court vide the impugned judgment and order dated
18.11.2019.
68. It could thus be seen that the appellants had
more than one opportunity for redemption of the mortgage.
However, from their conduct, it appears that they were only
interested in protracting the litigation. It is the appellants
at whose intervention and on whose incorrect
representation, the sale, which was scheduled to be held on
27.2.2012 in pursuance of the notice dated 21.1.2012,
could not be held. Even after the dismissal of S.A. No.69 of
2012 on 2.7.2012, the respondentBank again issued a
Second Sale Notice on 9.7.2012 scheduling the sale on
20.7.2012 in which the auction purchaser emerged as a
successful bidder. It is thus clear that the appellants had
enough time from 21.1.2012 till 2.7.2012 for redemption of
their mortgaged properties. However, they did not avail of
that opportunity. Even after the auction purchaser emerged
successful in the bid and had paid the bid money, an
opportunity was given by the DRT, Chennai, vide order
dated 7.8.2012, to the appellants to deposit the amount of
76
Rs.4.80 crore within one month. However, without
complying with the same, the appellants continued with
their dilatory tactics by filing an application being I.A.
No.437 of 2012 in S.A. No.227 of 2012. Even thereafter,
they continued with the proceedings before the High Court,
wherein certain interim orders were passed, and finally, the
High Court, finding that in view of the sale being confirmed
and the sale being registered no interference could be
warranted, dismissed the Civil Revision Petitions. Thereafter
again, they approached this Court by way of Special Leave
Petitions, which were subsequently withdrawn. Ideally,
the litigation ought to have stopped at least at that stage.
69. However, after the M.A. No.70 of 2014 was
allowed and the S.A. No.227 of 2012 was restored, it gave
fresh lease to the litigation, wherein the S.A. No.227 of 2012
was allowed by the DRT, Chennai. The order of the DRT,
Chennai, was reversed by the DRAT, Chennai, which was in
turn upheld by the High Court vide the impugned judgment.
As we have already discussed hereinabove, the
70.
facts in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra) and the facts
in the present case are totally different. In any case, in view
77
of the observations made in paragraph 53 of the judgment
of this Court in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra), we
are of the view that since the sale scheduled on 27.2.2012
in pursuance to the notice dated 21.1.2012 could not be
held on account of the reasons solely attributable to the
appellants/guarantors, there was no necessity to provide 30
days’ period in the Second Sale Notice dated 9.7.2012,
which was in continuation of the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012.
71. Insofar as the reliance placed on the judgment of
this Court in the case of J. Rajiv Subramaniyan (supra) is
concerned, the said judgment relies on the judgment of this
Court in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra). However,
on facts, the issue in the said case was different. In the
said case, the property was sold by the respondentBank
through a private treaty. This Court found that there were
no terms settled in writing between the borrowers and the
Bank that the sale can be effected by a private treaty, and
as such, it was in violation of the provisions of Rule 8 (8) of
the said Rules.
78
In the case of (supra), after the
72. Vasu P. Shetty
first notice was issued, the same was challenged before the
High Court. Though the High Court did not grant stay
against the scheduled auction, it granted stay against the
confirmation of sale. It was the Bank’s case therein that in
view of the partial stay order by the High Court, nobody
came forward to participate in the auction and the exercise
went into futility. After dismissal of the writ petition, it
came to the notice of the Bank that there were other
encumbrances on the property, which required the reserve
price to be changed. Thereafter, there were proposals
exchanged between the Bank and the borrower with regard
to One Time Settlement (‘OTS’). On failure to arrive at OTS,
a fresh notice came to be issued. In the said notice, the
mandatory period of 30 days from the date of publication
was not provided. The matter was proceeded in this
background.
73. The present case is totally on different facts.
Though the appellants had ample opportunities for
79
redemption of mortgage, they failed to avail of the said
opportunities.
74. Even if viewed from another angle, the claim of
the appellants is not sustainable. The twojudges Bench of
this Court in the case of Mathew Varghese (supra), has
heavily relied on the judgment of the threejudges Bench of
this Court in the case of (supra). It
Narandas Karsondas
has been held by this Court in the case of Narandas
(supra), that the right of redemption, which is
Karsondas
embodied in Section 60 of the Transfer of Property Act, is
available to the mortgagor unless it has been extinguished
by the act of parties. It has been held, that only on
execution of the conveyance and registration of transfer of
the mortgagor’s interest by registered instrument, that the
mortgagor’s right of redemption will be extinguished. In the
present case, the DRT, Chennai, vide order dated
12.9.2012, had granted liberty to the respondentBank to
proceed with the sale. The sale came to be registered in
favour of the auction purchaser on 14.9.2012. As such, in
any case, the mortgagor’s right of redemption stood
80
extinguished on 14.9.2012. The Division Bench of the
Madras High Court had, therefore, rightly dismissed the
Civil Revision Petitions, vide order dated 29.7.2013. The
said order of the Madras High Court dated 29.7.2013 came
to be challenged before this Court by way of Special Leave
Petitions. This Court, vide order dated 7.7.2014, had issued
limited notice in the said Special Leave Petitions. However,
vide order dated 17.4.2015, the said Special Leave Petitions
came to be dismissed as withdrawn. It is in the third round
of litigation, that the DRT, Chennai, allowed the S.A. No.227
of 2012, vide order dated 25.6.2018. Applying the law, as
laid in the case of (supra) and in the
Narandas Karsondas
case of Mathew Varghese (supra), the order passed by the
DRT, Chennai, dated 25.6.2018, was not sustainable
insofar as setting aside the sale notice dated 9.7.2012 and
the consequent sale. The DRAT, Chennai, has rightly
reversed the same, which has been upheld by the High
Court vide the impugned judgment.
75. It is further relevant to note that, this Court in
the case of Dwarika Prasad (supra) and in the case of
81
(supra) held that the right to redemption stands
Shakeena
extinguished on the sale certificate getting registered.
We will have to take into consideration the
76.
purpose with which the SARFAESI Act came to be enacted.
Unlike international banks, the banks and financial
institutions in India did not have power to take possession
of securities and sell them. It was, therefore, noticed, that it
had resulted in slow pace of recovery of defaulting loans and
mounting levels of nonperforming assets of banks and
financial institutions. It was also noticed that there were
certain areas in which the banking and financial sector did
not have a level playing field as compared to other
participants in the financial markets in the world. It was
further noticed that the existing legal framework relating to
commercial transactions had not kept pace with the
changing commercial practices and financial sector reforms.
As such, the SARFAESI Act was enacted with the purpose
for securitization and empowering banks and financial
institutions to take possession of the securities and to sell
them without the intervention of the Court.
82
If we look at the facts in the present case, it
77.
would show that, every attempt has been made to frustrate
the purpose of the SARFAESI Act. The respondentBank
was required to indulge in three rounds of litigations, out of
which, the two have reached upto this Court.
78. Though the auction purchaser emerged as the
successful bidder, in the bids held on 20.7.2012, and
though the sale was confirmed on 21.7.2012, and though
the sale has been registered in his favour on 14.9.2012, for
a period of last 9 years, he could not enjoy the fruits of the
said sale. Not only that, but the appellants continued to
enjoy the rent of the properties, the ownership of which
vests in the auction purchaser.
79. In that view of the matter, we do not find any
merit insofar as the challenge to the notice dated 9.7.2012
is concerned.
80. That leaves us with the other issue raised by Shri
K.V. Viswanathan, learned Senior Counsel. Shri
Viswanathan submitted that the amount received by the
respondentBank was on account of sale of all the four
properties mentioned in the First Sale Notice dated
83
21.1.2012, and as such, the direction to pay an amount of
Rs.4.48 crore with interest only to respondent No.3 is not
sustainable.
We find no merit in this submission. The
81.
property at Item ‘B’ of the Schedule of Properties in First
Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 was sold through a private
treaty during the pendency of the first round of litigation.
The properties at Item ‘A’ and Item ‘D’ of the Schedule of
Properties in First Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012 came to be
sold in pursuance of the sale taken place on 20.7.2012,
which was in pursuance of the Second Sale Notice dated
9.7.2012. As such, the only property left was the property
at Item ‘C’ belonging to the respondent No.3 in respect of
which a third notice dated 27.9.2012 came to be issued. It
is only in pursuance of the said notice dated 27.9.2012,
that the property at Item ‘C’ was sold by a private treaty to
M/s. Redbrick Realtors Private Limited. As such, the excess
amount, which remained with the respondentBank, has
rightly been directed to be paid to respondent No.3 by the
84
DRT, Chennai, which has been concurrently upheld by the
DRAT, Chennai, as well as the High Court.
82. Even on equitable grounds, rest of the guarantors
are either the Promoters/Directors or their family members,
it is only the respondent No.3, who happens to be outside
the family and is only connected on account of her daughter
being married in the family of one of the
Promoters/Directors. As such, on equitable grounds, we do
not find any reason to interfere with the said direction.
The appeals are therefore found to be without
83.
merit, and as such, are dismissed with costs. The appel
lants shall pay the costs quantified at Rs.1,00,000/ (Ru
pees One lakh only) payable each to the respondentBank
and the auction purchaser. Pending applications, if any,
shall also stand disposed of.
84. While dismissing the appeals, taking into consid
eration the fact that, though the auction purchaser has be
come the owner of the properties at Items ‘A’ and ‘D’ of the
Schedule of Properties in the First Sale Notice dated
21.1.2012, he could not enjoy the fruits of the same, and
85
that the appellants have continued to enjoy the rent of the
properties, we find that this is a fit case wherein the powers
under Article 142 of the Constitution of India need to be in
voked.
85. We, therefore, direct the appellants to handover
the vacant and peaceful possession of the properties at
Items ‘A’ and ‘D’ of the Schedule of Properties in the First
Sale Notice dated 21.1.2012, within a period of 8 weeks
from the date of this judgment to the auction purchaser.
We further direct the appellants to pay the rent, received by
them, from the said properties, since 15.9.2012 till date,
within a period of three months from the date of this judg
ment. However, in the facts of this case, we do not intend to
pass any orders with regard to interest on the said amount.
…….…....................., J.
[L. NAGESWARA RAO]
…….…....................., J.
[B.R. GAVAI]
…….…....................., J.
[B.V. NAGARATHNA]
NEW DELHI;
SEPTEMBER 23, 2021