REDDY VEERANNA vs. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 05-05-2022

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3636 OF 2022 [ARISING OUT OF SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 19035 OF 2021] REDDY VEERANA        …APPELLANT VERSUS STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND OTHERS  ...RESPONDENTS WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3637 OF 2022 [ARISING OUT OF SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 5500/2022] NEW OKHLA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT  AUTHORITY        …APPELLANT VERSUS REDDY VEERANA AND OTHERS  …RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T 1. Leave granted. 2. The present Civil Appeals arise out of the judgment dated Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Rachna Date: 2022.06.14 14:24:08 IST Reason: 28.10.2021,   passed   by   High   Court   of   Judicature   at Allahabad in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 2272 of 1 2019   filed   by   appellant  Reddy   Veerana  (co­petitioner),   by which,   the   High   Court   intervened   in   the   award   of compensation   dated   31.01.2011,   passed   by   Additional District Magistrate (Land Acquisition) for acquired land of appellant, admeasuring 2.18.00 bighas of Khasra Nos. 422 and 427, situated in village Chhalera Bangar and disposed­ off the petition. 3. Assailing the  said order, both  the parties are before  this Court. Briefly  stated,  facts  are that vide sale  deed  dated 24.04.1997, appellant along­with two others purchased the scheduled property land in Khasra No. 422 admeasuring 3 bighas   9   biswas   and   in   Khasra   No.   427   admeasuring   2 bighas 4 biswas and 10 biswansi (i.e., total of 13757.8 sq. meters) in village Chhalera Bangar, Gautam Buddh Nagar district for a total sale consideration of Rs. 1,00,00,000/­ (One crore only). However, through the prior land acquisition proceedings in year 1979­1980, a portion of the purchased land to the extent of 1 bigha 5 biswas 15 biswansi in Khasra No. 427 and 1 bigha in Khasra No. 422 was acquired by State. Thus, the property which remained unacquired with the appellant was 2 bigha 18 biswa 10 biswansi (i.e. total of 2 7400 sq. meters) in both the aforesaid khasra numbers (in short be called as scheduled piece of land). 4. As is borne out of the record, pursuant to purchase of land by appellant, since early 2000s, employees of NOIDA were interfering   with   the   peaceful   possession   of   the   appellant (land­owner),   which   resultantly   led   into   Civil   Suit   No. 416/1998 being filed by appellant for permanent injunction against   NOIDA,   with   a   prayer   to   not   interfere   with   the possession. For the purpose to demonstrate the utility and value of land, the averments made in the written statement filed by NOIDA inter­alia categorically contended, were as thus:  ….. the land in dispute is situated in the centre of development of authority and the use of land has been   prescribed   to   be   used   for   commercial.Since………the land Therefore, this land is very costly of village Chhalera Bangar under the provisions of Section 2 of Act No. 6 of 1976 is declared as industrial area and construction   on   this   land   without   the   permission   of defendant is illegal. ”  (emphasis supplied) 5. The Trial Court, after due deliberation on the contentions raised   by   both   the   parties,   vide   order   dated   16.02.2000, partly   decreed   the   suit   in   favour   of   appellant   (Reddy 3 Veerana)   herein   and   restrained   NOIDA   from   taking possession of land which was not the subject matter of the prior acquisition in year 1979­1980. Further, the Court also declared the appellant as the owner of the remaining portion of land of Khasra No. 422 and 427 which was purchased vide sale deed as mentioned earlier. 6. Being aggrieved by aforesaid order, NOIDA preferred Civil Appeal No.  61  of  2020 before  District Judge,  which  also came   to   be   dismissed   vide   order   dated   30.03.2001   with certain observations made in the following manner – The lower court has not committed any error in decreeing the suit of permanent injunction of plaintiff produced in regard to the land admeasuring 02­09­00 bigha of Khasra no. 422 and land admeasuring 00­09­10 bigha of Khasra No. 427 of village Chhalera Bangar, Tehsil Dadri, District – Gautam   Buddh   Nagar   against   appellant.   The defendant/appellant even now is free to acquire the remaining   land   of   the   aforesaid   Khasra   Nos.   but until and unless the land is not acquired, till then the   decree   of   permanent   injunction   issued   by   the lower court shall remain applicable.” (emphasis supplied) The   judgment   and   decree   granting   permanent   injunction passed by District Judge, confirming the order of Trial Court has not been assailed and therefore, it has become final. 4 Moreover, despite the decree of permanent injunction being operative,   NOIDA   in   the   year   2003   floated   a   tender   for development of large piece of land including the remaining piece of land of Khasra No. 422 and Khasra No. 427 which is the subject matter of this case. The said tender was widely advertised   by   NOIDA   in   various   newspapers   and subsequently,   nine   reputed   developers   including   MGF, Unitech, Sun City, Sahara India and Omex purchased the bid documents. It was a known fact that out of the large piece of the land, the scheduled piece of land was in dispute and   hence,   all   the   reputed   developers   abstained   from bidding for the tender. Be that as it may, on the closing date of   tender   i.e.   9.03.2004,   only   one   tender   on   behalf   of respondent   No.   7   herein,   i.e.,   M/s   DLF   Universal   Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as DLF) was received and evaluated by   Technical   Committee,   whereafter,   respondent   No.   7 quoted   the   rate   and   qualified   in   the   said   tender. Consequently, the large piece of land as mentioned above was allotted to DLF vide order dated 12.04.2004, including the   scheduled   piece   of   land   for   which,   the   decree   of permanent injunction was in operation. 5 7. After   the   allotment   of   land   to   respondent   No.   7,   a preliminary   notification   dated   02.09.2005   was   issued   by NOIDA under Section 4(1) read with Section 17(1) of the ‘Land Acquisition Act, 1894’ (hereinafter referred to as 1894 Act),   followed   by   a   notification   dated   22.11.2005   under Section 6 of the 1894 Act, to acquire the scheduled piece of land measuring 0.7400 hectare in Khasra No. 422 and 427 at village Chhalera Bangar, Dadri, NOIDA. The possession of the scheduled piece of land was taken on 20.01.2006 as per order   passed   by   Additional   District   Collector   (Land Acquisition) Noida.  8. The aforesaid notifications were challenged by the appellant before High Court of Allahabad in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition   No.   75152   of   2005   and   Civil  Miscellaneous   Writ Petition No. 70088 of 2006. As per interim orders of the High Court in the aforesaid petitions, Revenue Inspector visited the scheduled piece of land on 05.08.2008 and in his report noted as under – In accordance to the spot, the land of Khasra No. 422 and 427 which in present has been converted in Sector 18 in regards   to   demarcation,   has   no   identification   spot because  the   NOIDA   authority   has   been   fully 6 developed and in absence of any fixed identification, demarcation of land is not possible . The High Court vide order dated 10.12.2009 disposed­off the matter and held as under – Perusal   of   record   shows   that   the   notification   under Section 4 of the Act was issued on 2.9.2005 and in this notification under Section 4 of the Act a direction was also issued under Section17(4) of the Act to the effect that the provision   of   Section   5­A   of   the   Act   shall   not   apply.   A notification under Section 6 of the  Act  as contained  in Annexure No. 2 to the instant writ petition was issued on 22.11.2005 and the urgency clause was invoked under Section 17(1) of the Act.  Mr. S.D. Kautilya, learned counsel for the petitioners made a statement at bar that the petitioners do not press the relief claimed in the instant writ petitions and only pray that   their  compensation   be  determined  and   be   paid  to them in accordance with law and also keeping in mind the Judgement   of   High   Court   of   Uttaranchal   rendered   in Bhopendra Singh and others Vs. Awas Vikas Parishad and others, reported in 2005(2) Uttaranchal Decision, 295. According to him this statement is being made keeping in mind the Commissioner's report that the land cannot be demarcated and the petitioners cannot get back the land.  Having   heard   the   learned   counsel   for   the   parties,   but without   prejudice   to   the   merits   of   the   case,   the   writ petition   is   disposed   of   with   the   direction   to   the SLAO to determine the compensation according to law   as   laid   down   in   the   judgement   rendered   in Bhopendra Singh and others (Supra). The payment of the compensation shall be made preferably within a period of one month . However, it is further provided that if as per policy of NOIDA any land is to be given to the petitioners, same shall be expedited for rehabilitation of the petitioner. Writ petition is disposed of. (emphasis supplied) 7 It may not be out of context to state that, the appellant (land­ owner) gave the concession before the Court in view of the observation made by Revenue Inspector in the report that the land was fully developed by NOIDA and demarcation was not possible.   Therefore,   the   direction   for   determination   of compensation as per the judgment rendered in the case of ‘Bhopendra   Singh   and   Others   Vs.   Awas   Evam   Vikas Parishad   and   Others,   2005   (2)   Uttaranchal   Decision, 295; MANU/UC/0270/2005’  was only prayed. 9. Being aggrieved, NOIDA challenged the aforesaid judgment in Special Leave to Appeal (C) No. 20196­20197  of 2010 (later admitted and converted into Civil Appeal No. 731­732 of 2013).  During the pendency of the aforesaid appeal, this Court   vide   order   dated   10.01.2011,   issued   notice   while observing   that   ‘in   the   meanwhile,   there   shall   be   stay   of operation   of   the   impugned   judgment   and   order   dated 10.12.2009 passed by High Court’. It is the specific case of the appellant (land­owner) that NOIDA did not even inform the Court about passing of award under Section 11 of the 1894 Act during the pendency of the said appeal.  8 10. Be that as it may, after almost delay of 5 years, an award dated   31.01.2011   was   passed   by   Additional   District Magistrate   (Land   Acquisition),   NOIDA,   Gautam   Buddh Nagar, under Section 11 of 1894 Act. In the said award, the compensation   was   determined   by   the   authority   in   the following manner – …… a decision was reached in the meeting on the basis of general acquisition process to pay them compensation at the rate of Rs. 181.87 per square yard on the basis of sell letter dated 04.02.2005 for the land sold in village Sadarpar of this circle, whose borders touch the borders of village Chhalera Bangar against the land sold in village Chhalera three years before the advertisement of this Act on 02.09.2005 under Section 4(1), 17 and were not found suitable for getting compensation, the approval of which was   given   by   Commissioner,   Meerut   Division,   Meerut through   his   official   letter   No.   452/891/2004­06   dated 18.01.2006. Regarding the pending litigation before this Court, the award dealt with the same as under –  With reference to the disposal of Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 75152/2005 – Vishnu Pradhan Vs. NOIDA & Ors., Hon. High Court of Allahabad on 10.12.2009 ordered to dispose   the   compensation   on   the   basis   of   minimum determined circle rate by the District Collectors as per the order passed by the Hon. High Court, Uttaranchal, against the   petition   filed   for   compensation,   determination   and payment by Bhopendra Singh and Others Vs. Resident Development Council and Others, but against the orders of Hon.   High   Court,   a   Special   Petition   No.   CC   20196­ 20197/2010 was filed in the Hon. Supreme Court of India 9 by Naveen Okhla Udyog Vikas Pradhikaran, Noida versus Vishnu Pradhan and others, in  which the enforcement of the orders of Hon. High Court dated 10.12.2009 was stopped on 10.01.2001 . Due to the postponement order   issued   by   Hon.   Supreme   Court   of   India,   the determined rate of Rs. 181.87 per square yard remains effective for the uncontracted lands as per the decision taken   in   the   said   meeting   convened   under   the chairmanship of District Collector, Gautam Buddh Nagar and the decision of acquired land will be taken on this basis only. Finally, the award was passed in following terms subject to the decision of this court and compensation was computed as under –  Therefore, for the 0.828 ha, land acquired by New Okhla Industrial   Development   Authority   for   planned   industrial development in village Chhalera Bangar, Pargana Dadri, Tehsil   Dadri,   District   –   Gautam   Buddh   Nagar,   the compensation is Rs. 18,00,481.00 and 30% solatium payable on it amounts to Rs. 5,40,144.00 and 12% payable   on   the   compensatory   amount   is   Rs. 53,866.00   which   amounts   to   a   total   of   Rs. 23,94,491.00   (Rupees   Twenty­Three   Lacs   Ninety­ Four Thousand Four Hundred Ninety­One only) and the   decision   upon   it   is   being   declared   today   on 31.01.2011.   This   decision   will   be   as   per   the obedience of the order issued by the Hon. Supreme Court   of   India   against   Special   Petition   No.   CC 20197­20197/2010 – NOIDA versus Vishnu Pradhan and others.” (emphasis supplied) Thereafter, on 04.11.2015, the appeal of NOIDA before this Court was dismissed for being devoid of merits.  10 11. It is also relevant to note that, vide order dated 04.11.2015, this Court also dismissed the Civil Appeal No. 1107 of 2009, which assailed the judgment of High Court of Uttaranchal in (supra).   In view of the aforesaid order, Bhopendra Singh   Deputy Chief Executive of NOIDA addressed a letter dated 11.05.2016   to   Additional   District   Magistrate   (Land Acquisition)   to   comply   with   the   order   of   High   Court   of Judicature at Allahabad and Supreme Court of India. In the meanwhile, the appellant herein preferred representations before   the   concerned   authority   and   thereby   sought compensation in terms of the aforesaid orders passed by this Court, however, in vain. The District Magistrate, Gautam Buddh Nagar on 08.01.2018, dismissed the representation of the appellant (land­owner) and observed as under –  In view of the aforesaid, it is clear that when the matter was pending adjudication before the Hon. Supreme Court, then   in   such   circumstances,   the   award/decision dated 31.01.2011 was not be announced/passed by then   Additional   District   Magistrate   (Land Acquisition), Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar and the Additional   District   Magistrate   (Land   Acquisition), Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, in the matter has to wait for the final orders of Hon. Supreme Court . The award/decision dated 31.01.2011 of Additional District Magistrate (Land Acquisition)   is not the compliance of order dated 10.12.2009 passed by Hon. High Court 11 and   stay  order  dated   10.01.2011   passed   by   Hon. Supreme Court , but  because this award/decision has already been passed/declared by then Additional District Magistrate   (Land   Acquisition)   Noida,   Gautam   Buddh Nagar, therefore, legally it is not appropriate to dispose­off this point at the level of District Magistrate.   Being aggrieved by the order passed by District Magistrate, the   appellant   preferred   Contempt   Petition   (C)   Nos.   1841­ 1842 of 2018 in Civil Appeal Nos. 731­732 of 2013. This Court vide order dated 22.10.2018, dismissed the aforesaid contempt as withdrawn and granted liberty to the petitioner to avail appropriate remedy before the High Court.  12. In view of the order passed in Contempt Petition by this Court, the appellant (land­owner) again approached the High Court in Writ Petition No. 2272 of 2019, wherein the High Court vide impugned judgment and order dated 28.10.2021, with regard to question of title of appellant on the scheduled land, the High Court held as under –  31. We   would   first   be   dealing   with   the   issue   as   to whether the writ petition filed by the sole petitioner to claim compensation of land measuring 2.18.00 bighas of Khasra Nos. 422 and 427 is maintainable. The respondents have produced a copy of the order dated 12.09.2002 passed by the Civil Judge (Junior Division),   Gautam   Buddha   Nagar   to   deny acceptance   of   compromise   and   accordingly, allegations have been made about suppression of 12 aforesaid fact. It is also that no compromise deed or decree has been issued by the competent Court and for that reason, one co­owner of the land, namely, Vishnu Pradhan contested the case separately to challenge the acquisition of the land.  We, however, find that petitioner has produced a copy of the Khatauni of Fasli Year 1407­ 1412 when the land was recorded solely in the name of the petitioner. It was pursuant to the order dated 01.09.2010   in   Suit   No.   2441   of   2010   under Section 34 of the Land Revenue Act, 1996 and the  judgment  of Civil Judge (Senior  Division) dated   17.06.2010   to   record   entire   land   of Khasra Nos. 422 and 427 in the name of the present petitioner. A copy of the Khatauni was submitted   alongwith   the   supplementary affidavit,   thereby   the   objection   on maintainability   of   the   writ   petition   in   the hands of the petitioner is not tenable rather the   petitioner   became   sole   owner   of   the property   in   dispute   after   an   order   under Section 34 of the Land Revenue Act and the . judgment of the Civil Court dated 17.06.2010 His name was accordingly entered in the khatauni. The   respondents   have   ignored   the   subsequent orders by which land was entered in the name of the petitioner alone. Further, on the aspect of whether the schedule property was an   agriculture   land   or   commercial   land,   the   High   Court referred to the pleadings of respondents themselves in Suit No. 416 of 1998 and provisions of Uttar Pradesh Industrial Development Act, 1976, to conclude that the schedule land 13 was a commercial property and the compensation shall be determined accordingly.  Regarding the deduction towards development charges, the High Court held as follows – 63. The respondents were expected to take into account the circle rate of the land in question and thereupon to   make   reasonable   deductions   towards   the development which may be between 20% and 50% as per the judgment of the Apex Court in the case of  (supra). Viluben Jhalejar Contractor 64. If   the   proposition  of  law   laid  down   by  the   Apex Court in the judgment cited above is applied, then determination   of   compensation   should   have   been made after taking the circle rate of Rs.1,10,000/­ per   square   meter   of   the   land   in   question   and thereupon   to   make   deduction   towards   the development.   The   development   charges   can   be maximum to the extent of 50% of it and accordingly respondents   should   have   taken   Rs.55,000/­   per square meter to be the market value of the land. 65. The official respondents while doing it could have noticed  that   the   land  was   allotted   to  respondent no.7 one and half years back prior to the notification under Section 4 of the Act of 1894. It was by the allotment letter dated 12.04.2004. The circle rate was   determined   thereupon   on   16.04.2004.   The allotment   of   land   to   the   respondent   no.7   was   8 times bigger than the land of the petitioner and it was one and half years back. While applying the judgment   of   the   Apex   Court,   the   market   value should have been taken @ Rs.55,000/­ per square meter. However, due to the interim order of the Apex Court dated 11.01.2011 against the judgment dated 10.12.2009, the respondents did not determine the 14 compensation   as   per   the   direction   given   by   this Court. And lastly, the High Court disposed­off the petition with the following directions – 69. Accordingly, we find reasons to cause interference in the award   dated   31.01.2011   and   direct   the respondents to  determine   the   compensation   as under – 1. The   respondents   are   directed   to   take   into consideration   the   circle   rate   of   Sector   –   18   since 16.04.2004 given in Annexure – 7 of supplementary counter affidavit filed by the respondent no. 5. It was Rs. 1,10,000/­ per square meter for Sector – 18. 2. After   making   50%   deduction   towards   the development charges, it would come to Rs. 55,000/­ per square meter and accordingly the compensation would be determined on the aforesaid rate for the land admeasuring 2.18 bighas. 3. The   addition   of   solatium   of   30%   would   be   made thereupon. The amount arrived as per the direction in paras (1) and (2) would be payable with interest @   9%   per   annum   for   one   year   from   the   date   of possession i.e. February, 2005 and thereupon 15% per annum as per the Proviso to Section 34 of the Act of 1894. 4. The amount deposited in the year 2017 would earn interest   @   15%   only   till   it   was   deposited.   The amount so deposited would be paid to the petitioner with the interest earned on it. 5. The   amount   of   compensation   would   be   paid thereupon to the petitioner. 13. The High Court on the issue of applicability of Section 24 of ‘Right   to   Fair   Compensation   and   Transparency   in   Land 15 Acquisition,   Rehabilitation   and   Resettlement   Act,   2013’ (hereinafter referred to as 2013 Act), held that, the argument of   lapsing   of   acquisition   for   an   award   passed   beyond   a period prescribed under Section 11(a) cannot be accepted in view   of   the   ratio   of   judgment   of   this   Court   in   ‘Indore Development Authority Vs. Manohar Lal & Ors., 2020 . After going through the said judgment, it is (8) SCC 129’ clear   that   Section   24(1)(a)   of   2013   Act,   starts   with   non­ obstante   clause   and   states   that   in   case   where   the proceedings have been initiated under 1894 Act, but, the award has not been made under Section 11, the provisions of   the   2013   Act   relating   to   the   determination   of compensation would apply. In the case at hand, the award was made on 31.01.2011 after grant of stay on 10.01.2011 in Civil Appeal No. 731­732 of 2013, though it was by a delay of 5 years. By the final order passed on 04.11.2015, the   said   appeals   were   dismissed.   Thereafter,   the representation   was   made   by   the   appellant   asking compensation at the rate of Rs. 1,10,000/­ per sq. mtrs. as directed by High Court inter­party relying upon judgment of 16 Bhopendra   Singh   (supra)   was   rejected   vide   order   dated 08.01.2018.   Thereafter,   the   contempt   petitions   were   filed alleging   non­compliance   of   the   order   of   the   High   Court which   were   dismissed   as   withdrawn   while   granting   the liberty to appellant to avail appropriate remedy. Thus, on the date of commencement of the 2013 Act, the possession was taken and the award was passed, though as alleged it was non­est.   In   our   opinion,   by   the   impugned   order,   the determination   of   compensation   as   per   circle   rate   of   Rs. 1,10,000/­   per   sq.   mtrs   for   commercial   land   was   the question   res­integra   in   the   light   of   Bhopendra   Singh (supra)  judgment and the award, whether rightly or wrongly passed, was in existence on the date of commencement of 2013 Act. Therefore, in our considered opinion, the High Court   has   rightly   refused   to   interfere   on   the   issue   of applicability of 2013 Act for determination of compensation and   rightly   relied   upon   the   judgment   on   Indore Development Authority  (supra) .  17 14. Being aggrieved by the impugned order, the appellant (land­ owner) and NOIDA have filed separate appeals, which are heard analogously .  Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned Senior Counsel for appellant,  in addition to the point of applicability of Section 24 of 2013 Act as discussed above, contended as under – a. That,  the award dated 31.01.2011 passed by District Magistrate was in violation of order of this Court as well as the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad; b. The award itself acknowledged that it was contingent in nature; c. There was no personal hearing granted to the appellant, even   though   NOIDA   knew   about   the   interest   of   the appellant in the scheduled property; d. The   impugned   award   was   a   void   exercise   since   the public notice of the same was given two days after the designated date of hearing under Section 9 of the 1894 Act; e. The award itself was passed after a delay of 5 years since the date of hearing, which violates the mandate 18 under Section 11A of the 1894 Act. Therefore, the date of   award   of   compensation   should   be   shifted     or   in alternate,  since  the compensation was deposited in the year 2017, therefore, the amount of compensation be determined as per the provisions of 2013 Act. f. Deduction with respect to development charges could not be levied as the plot was already developed even before the acquisition; g. NOIDA illegally sold the schedule property even before the acquisition which is a clear­cut violation of right to property under Article 300A of the Constitution. Such Constitutional   tort   should   not   be   allowed   to   be   left unpunished and the respondent authorities should not take benefit of their own wrongful acts. 15. Per  contra,   Mr.   Balbir   Singh,   learned   Additional   Solicitor General appearing on behalf of NOIDA, contended as under– a. Appellant cannot be entitled for a compensation more than   Rs.   31,850/­   which   was   the   price   tendered   by respondent no. 7 (DLF); 19 b. The said price of Rs. 31,850/­ has been adjudicated by this  Court in   ‘Anil  Kumar  Srivastava Vs. State of  to be reasonable; U.P., (2004) 8 SCC 671’ c. It has been conceded that allotment to respondent no. 7 (DLF)   was   prior   to   the   date   of   acquisition   of   the scheduled land; d. Appellant   (land­owner)   acquired   the   property   in   year 1997 for a sale consideration of Rs. 1 crore. One of the earlier land owners namely Vishnu Vardhan had entered into an agreement to sale dated 07.06.2006, for a sale consideration of Rs. 3 crores only. These transactions indicate that the aforesaid land was an agricultural plot, however, the scheduled land has to be characterized as agriculture land or at best residential; e. Jurisdiction of reference court constituted under Section 18 of 1894 Act has been by­passed by the High Court while determining the compensation; f. Development   charge   amounting   to   75%   has   to   be deducted instead of 50%; 20 g. Compensation granted by the High Court would amount to unjust enrichment for the appellant which cannot be sustained under the law. 16. Mr. Rayzada, Additional Advocate General appearing for the State has submitted that, the subject land was bought as benami property and hence, appellant is only entitled for rd 1/3  of the amount. 17. Learned counsel for respondent no. 7 has submitted that, the   dispute   is   inter­se   NOIDA   and   appellant   herein   and respondent no. 7 has nothing to add other than to state that the allotment of land was subject matter of litigation before this Court in   Anil Kumar Srivastava   (supra),   which has upheld   the   allocation   through   the   process   of   auction. However,   the   compensation,   if   any,   enhanced,   may   be directed only against NOIDA. 18. Before adverting to the merits of the rival contentions raised by both parties, at the outset it is relevant to mention that, the   legality   and   validity   of   judgment   dated   10.12.2009 passed by High Court in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 75152/2005 has sustained the scrutiny of this Court 21 and has been upheld vide order dated 04.11.2015 in Civil Appeal No.  731­732 of  2013. The judgment has  attained finality inter­se the parties. It is not the case of respondents that the previous judgment as well as the impugned order has been rendered by an incompetent authority. In other words, the said judgment has effectively put the controversy inter­se the parties to rest. Thus, incidentally, what remains in the matter is mere observance of those directions given by the High Court in the light of prevailing law. Therefore, the contention   disputing   the   payment   of   compensation altogether for the acquired land is untenable and cannot be entertained at this stage. The conclusion arrived at by High Court has been given seal of affirmation by this Court and hence, the right of the appellant herein to get compensation in terms of determination as directed has been crystallized and   cannot   be   interfered   with.   It   would   be   unjust   and improper   to   allow   re­agitation   of   issues   and   vexing   the appellant twice when the matter has already been put to rest by impugned judgment inter­se the parties.  22 19. At   this   juncture,   we   consider   it   appropriate   to   refer   ‘R. Unnikrishnan and Another Vs. V.K. Mahanudevan and Others, (2014) 4 SCC 434’ , wherein para 19, the Court while   dealing   with   finality   to   binding   judicial   decisions observed as follows –  19. It  is  trite  that   law favours   finality  to  binding judicial   decisions  pronounced   by  courts   that are competent to deal with the subject­matter. Public   interest   is   against   individuals   being vexed   twice   over   with   the   same   kind   of litigation.   The   binding   character   of   the judgments   pronounced   by   the   courts   of competent   jurisdiction   has   always   been treated as an essential part of the rule of law which   is   the   basis   of   the   administration   of justice in this country . We may gainfully refer to the decision of the Constitution Bench of this Court in   ‘Daryao   v.   State   of   U.P.   [AIR   1961   SC   1457]’ where the Court succinctly summed up the law in the following words:  9. …It is in the interest of the public at large that a finality   should   attach   to   the   binding decisions   pronounced   by   courts   of competent   jurisdiction,   and   it   is   also   in the public interest that individuals should not be vexed twice over with the same kind of litigation . * 11. …The   binding   character   of   judgments pronounced by courts of competent jurisdiction is itself an essential part of the rule of law, and the rule of law obviously is the basis of the 23 administration   of   justice   on   which   the Constitution lays so much emphasis. 20. Therefore, in view of settled legal position with respect to binding nature of the judgment that has attained finality, there is no iota of doubt that NOIDA is under mandatory obligation to determine the compensation as per law laid down in   Bhopendra Singh   (supra). The relevant extracts from   (supra) are being reproduced herein Bhopendra Singh below for ready reference – 4 . Learned reference court has assessed the market value of similar land @ of Rs. 6/­ per square feet on the ground that other land of the same area which was acquired with land in question was also valued at   the   said   rate   by   the   Special   Land   Acquisition Officer. However, learned Counsel for the Appellants argued that the land in question is adjoining to the main road unlike the land which was taken into consideration  by the   reference   court.  It  is  further argued that the land in question should not have been   valued   less   than   Rs.   50/­   Square   feet.   On perusal of the oral evidence adduced by the parties we found that P.W.­1 Smt. Raj Dulari has stated that in the year 1976 value of land in question was Rs. 50/­ per square feet. P.W.­2 Arvind Singh, P.W.­ 3 Ranvir Singh and P.W.­4 Harpal Singh have also made the similar statements.   But in the matters of   Land   Acquisition,   best   way   to   assess   the market value is to examine the value in the light of price paid by the purchaser of similar land   in   the   neighbourhood   of   the   land   in question. Such transaction if nearer the date of   notification   of   acquisition,   facilitates   the 24 court   to   assess   the   more   accurate   market value of the land. However, in the present case none of the above witnesses have adduced any evidence   as   to   the   exemplar   sale   deed pertaining   to   the   nearby   similar   land.   In absence of such sale, deeds we are compelled to see the valuation of the surrounding land made by the Collector Nainital under Rule 340­ A of the U.P. Stamp (first amendment) Rules, 1976. Paper No. 44­C/1 is copy of the Circle rate   showing   market   value   assessed   by   the Collector   for   the   purposes   of   registration   of instrument of sale. The said documents shows that the circle rate of the land in question for imposing the stamp duty over the documents is Rs. 95/­ to Rs. 135/­ per sq. meter as market value of the land adjoining  to road and  Rs. 67/­ to Rs. 80/­ per sq. meter for the land away from the road . From the evidence on record, it is clear that the land in question was near the main road. As such the market value as per the circle rate was treated for the purpose of realizing stamp duty not less than Rs. 95/­ per sq. meter. It would be injustice to the owner of land if for realizing the stamp duty we apply the circle rate and deny at­ least   the   said   rate   in   making   payment   of compensation on acquisition of his land. The total area of the land in question is 2900 sq. yard. The learned   reference   court   has   erred   in   law   by multiplying the rate mentioned per sq, feet with area in   terms   of   sq.   yard.   That   is   why   due   to miscalculation   the   amount   has   been   stuck   at meager Rs. 17,400/­. Area measuring 0.6 acre is equal to 2900 Sq, yard which is equal to 2397 sq. meter. If we assess the market value relying on the circle rate it would be Rs. 95/­ per sq. meter, the market value of the land in the year 1976 comes out to be Rs. 95/­ A – 2397.80 sq. meters = 2,27,791/­. xxx xxx xxx 25 12. The market value determined for the circle, is the minimum statutory market value, in accordance with the statutory rules framed under the Stamp Act, as amended by the U.P. Act, on the basis of which, stamp duty is paid as per schedule appended to Section 3 and sale deed is to be entertained only after the payment of the stamp duty paid on the said minimum market value and if in the opinion of the Registering Authority the value of the property is more than the minimum value determined as per the rules, he may refer the matter to the Authority who may further proceed to require the vendee to pay more stamp duty. And if not paid they may impound the sale deed. Thus, the basis of exercise of power, is the minimum market value determined according to   rule.   If   for   the   augmentation   of   the   revenue, government fixes the market value of the property in a circle why that not be taken as minimum market value   of   the   property   for   the   purpose   of   Land Acquisition Act.   The procedure of determination of market value provided under Section 23 of Land   Acquisition   Act   is   pari­materia   to   the rules framed under the Stamp Act. Therefore, we hold that while avoiding compensation for land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, the compensation cannot be paid at a lesser rate than that of market value determined for the purpose of payment of stamp duty under the Stamp Act . (emphasis supplied) 21. Bare   perusal   of   the   aforesaid   makes   it   clear   that,   the determination of the compensation has to be made by taking into consideration the circle rate which has been determined as per the market value. The market value of a property is 26 the price that a willing purchaser would pay to a willing seller for it, taking into account its current condition, all existing advantages, and potential possibilities when led out in   the   most   advantageous   manner,   while   excluding   any benefit resulting from the implementation of the scheme for which the property is compulsorily acquired. Therefore, the market value is to be determined in the light of price paid by the purchaser of similar land in the neighbourhood of the land in question and in cases, where no records for such transaction/purchase is available, the minimum statutory value   in   accordance   with   Stamp   Act   must   be   taken   as market value for circle rate.  22. In the instant case, since the title of the appellant on the scheduled   piece   of   land   has   not   been   contested   by   the respondents and the adjudication is confined only to the quantum of compensation, we deem it appropriate not to interfere with the findings of the High Court with respect to the ownership. Be that as it may, moving further, the order dated   27.03.2004   passed   by   District   Magistrate,   Gautam Buddh Nagar notifying the circle rate to be Rs. 1,10,000/­ 27 per   sq.   mt.   as   applicable   on   commercial   properties, residential   properties   etc.,   situated   in   Noida   is   also   on record. Further, the nature of acquired land is also not in dispute for the reason that, NOIDA while contesting the Civil Suit   No.   416/1998   filed   by   appellant   herein   seeking permanent injunction, itself admitted that the land has been determined for use of commercial purposes and hence, it is a valuable land. This fact is also fortified by the Revenue Inspector’s   report   dated   05.08.2008,   submitted   in compliance of interim order passed by High Court in Writ Petition No. 75152 of 2005. By the said report, it is apparent that,   on   spot   the   land   of   Khasra   No.   422   and   427   was converted into a part of Sector 18, for which demarcation is not possible because of absence of any fixed identification points   for   demarcation   since   the   land   is   fully   developed. Thus, NOIDA cannot turn around to say in this case that the land is either agricultural or at best residential. Thus, the arguments as advanced is contrary to record, far from truth and cannot be countenanced.  28 23. Now, the argument advanced by learned Additional Solicitor General for State and counsel for respondent no. 7 relying upon   the   judgment   of   (supra) , Anil   Kumar   Srivastava   which was a PIL filed before the Allahabad High Court and later   transferred   to   this   Court,   is   also   required   to   be analyzed. This Court   in the aforesaid case dealt with the challenge made to tender floated by NOIDA in 2003 and dismissed the said PIL while observing as thus –  7. In reply, respondent no. 2 has pointed out that the impugned   Scheme   was   given   wide   publicity; that the development of the plot admeasuring 54,320.18   sq.   m.   became   necessary   to decongest   Sector   18   where   car   parking   has become   an   acute   problem;   that   decongestion could   be   achieved   by   constructing   shopping malls   with   matching   parking   facility ;   that although   the   area   of   the   plot   in   question   is 54,320.18   sq.   m.,   FAR   is   restricted   to   150   and ground   cover   is   restricted   to   30%   unlike   the instances of plots submitted by the petitioner where for a smaller plot of 6000­7000 sq. m., FAR is 150 and for still smaller plots of 600 sq. m., FAR is 250 (see Annexure P­1). That by offering the said plot admeasuring 54,320.18 sq. m.,   the Authority is saving on internal development for amenities, …….. parking, etc xxx xxx xxx 9. Mr.   L.   Nageswara   Rao,   learned   Senior   Counsel appearing on behalf of the petitioner submitted that the reserve price fixed by respondent no. 2 at the rate of Rs 27,500 per sq. m. is contrary to clause 29 2(e) of the Board resolution dated 10­7­2003; that under   the   said   clause,   the   reserve   rate   of commercial plots admeasuring 5001 sq. m. or more was one­and­a­half times the sector rate; that the sector   rate   was   Rs   90,000   per   sq.   m.;   that   the reserve price of Rs 27,500 per sq. m. for the plot admeasuring   54,320.18   sq.   m.,   without   sub­ division,   was   abysmally   low   and understated………. It was submitted that transfer of the said plot admeasuring 54,320.18 sq. m. at such a low reserve price of Rs 27,500 per sq. m. would result in causing huge loss of Rs 340 crores to the State exchequer . xxx xxx xxx 14. Applying the above tests to the facts of this case, we find that there is no material on record to show that the tender price of Rs 31,850 per sq. m. is a low price. The entire edifice of the petition is based on the challenge to the reserve price of Rs 27,500 per sq. m. As stated above, fixation of the reserve price is to facilitate the conduct of the sale.  It was open to the petitioner to challenge the tender price of   Rs   31,850   per   sq.   m.   as   understated, notwithstanding   the   fixation   of   the   reserve price . No comparative sales instances, with similar parameters of ground cover of 30% and 150 FAR, have been placed before us. No figures of cost of 2800 ECS have been placed before us as such costs would increase the reserve price. On the other hand, we find that the reserve price has been fixed by taking into account several factors. Firstly, in the past tenders invited for relatively smaller plots with higher reserve price had failed. It is important to bear in mind that the tender process is an expensive exercise. To resort repeatedly to this exercise is a costly   affair.   Secondly,   in   the   present   case,   the reserve price was fixed by taking into account the comparative   offers/sales   in   the   adjoining sectors…….. 30 15. Reading of the said clause indicates that the figure of Rs 90,000 is not mentioned. It is a figure alleged by   the   petitioner.   As   stated   above,   there   is   a difference   between   the   circle   rate   and   the   sector rate. The petitioner has confused the two. The circle rate is notified by the Government for the guidance of the Sub­Registrar. They are notified for revenue purposes. There is nothing to show that Rs 90,000 per sq. m. was the sector rate. In the present case, we are concerned with a larger plot of 54,320.18 sq. m. with different variables of 30% ground cover and 150   FAR.   Keeping   in   mind   all   these   factors,   the Authority has fixed the reserve price. In the present case,   undue   importance   has   been   given   to   the fixation   of   the   reserve   price.   As   stated   above, notwithstanding   the   reserve   price,   the   petitioner could have brought before the Court material, if any, to  show  undervaluation.  In   the   present   case,  the tender price is Rs 31,850 per sq. m. It is higher than the reserve price.   There is no material to show whether the tender price is understated . In the circumstances, there is no merit in the contention of the petitioner that the land is sold at an abysmally low price. (emphasis supplied) 24. From reading of the aforesaid judgment, it is clear that in the PIL, petitioner had only challenged the reserve rate as being abysmally low and did not challenge the tender price of Rs. 31,850 per sq. mtrs. Further, the PIL petitioner inter­ alia had not led any evidence to show exemplar deeds as to the   actual   market   value   of   the   plot   or   the   circle   rate determined   under   the   Stamp   Act.   On   the   pleadings   and 31 evidence as existed before it, this Court concluded that the reserve   price   of   land   was   reasonable   and   accordingly dismissed   the   PIL.   It   was   fairly   admitted   by   the   learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for NOIDA that, at the time   of   arguments   before   this   Court,   NOIDA   had   not revealed this fact that they were intending to auction third party lands without there being formal acquisition as such. It is not out of place to mention that, emphasis in the PIL was on the act of handing over of the land by NOIDA to respondent no. 7 being arbitrary. While in the present case, the emphasis is on grant of compensation for the land of third party, whose land has been malafidely and forcefully handed over to respondent no. 7 in contravention of the decree   of   permanent   injunction,   without   any   formal acquisition,   though   made   subsequently.   In   the   said   PIL, what   may   be   the   just   and   reasonable   amount   of compensation   was   not   the   question   for   determination. Therefore,   the   emphasis   made   by   learned   Additional Solicitor General relying on the judgment of   Anil Kumar Srivastava  (supra)  in this regard is bereft of any merit.  32 25. As   discussed   above,   with   regard   to   determination   of   the compensation   in   the   present   case,   the   judgment   of   (supra) ,   wherein the circle rate showing Bhopendra Singh market value assessed by the Collector for the purpose of registration of instrument of sale was made valid. The said judgment was not interfered with by this Court thereafter. In the case of the land owner itself, the High Court by order dated 10.12.2009 passed in Writ Petition No. 75152 of 2005, directed the Special Land Acquisition Officer to determine the   compensation   according   to   the   law   as   laid   down   in judgment rendered in   Bhopendra Singh   (supra) , which is sustained  by   this   Court.  Therefore,   the   issue   of   basis   of determination of compensation has been settled inter­party and also un­interfered by this Court. Now, on the said issue, relying   upon   the   judgment   of   Anil   Kumar   Srivastava (supra)   cannot be interfered with in this case. In no event, the compensation can be paid at a rate lesser than that of market value as determined for the purpose of payment of stamp duty under Stamp Act. 33 26. As   previously   stated,   the   land   in   dispute   was   not   only designated for commercial use, rather it was also declared to be   part   of   industrial   development   plan   area.   After development, even a mall has been constructed on it. In our view,   the   High   Court   in   the   impugned   order   has   rightly determined   payment   of   compensation   at   the   rate   of   Rs. 1,10,000/­   per   square   meter   as   per   circle   rate.   We, therefore, confirm the findings of High Court for grant of compensation with rate Rs. 1,10,000/­ per sq. mt.  27. In the light of the preceding discussion, the only question that remains now for our consideration is with regard to deduction of development charges to the extent of 50% made by High Court in impugned order. On the said issue, there is no   straight   jacket   formula   to   arrive   at   the   quantum   of deduction   of   development   charge   and   same   must   be assessed based on the facts of the individual case after due consideration   of   all   the   factors   which   might   affect   such quantum.   As   evident,   the   High   Court   did   not   take   into consideration   all   the   factors   encircling   the   issue   and routinely proceeded with the maximum deduction of 50% 34 development charge. We say so because, on perusal of the impugned   judgment,   it   is   clear   that   the   High   Court   has inter­alia highlighted the glaring mischiefs played by NOIDA in the whole acquisition proceedings but at the same time, it has   failed   to   accord   a   substantial   reason   for   maximum deduction   of   development   charges.   It   is   further   observed that, it is not for the first time that NOIDA is in cross­roads before   this   Court   for   playing   hand­in­glove   with   large developers.  28. Be as it may, it is uncontroverted from the material available on record that, the scheduled piece of land was allotted by NOIDA to respondent no. 7 in absence of formal acquisition, whereafter, the said scheduled land was developed in the line of commercial hub and even a mall was constructed on it.   Hence,   in   our   considered   opinion,   the   quantum   of deduction   of   development   charges   should   have   been evaluated by High Court from the contextual perspective of all the relevant factors, which clearly has not been done in the instant case. Nevertheless, to cure the anomaly, it is trite at this juncture to refer to the doctrine enunciated by this 35 Court   in   case   of   ‘Bhagwathula   Samanna   Vs.   Special Tahsildar and Land Acquisition Officer, (1991) 4 SCC 506’ , wherein while dealing with the question of principle of deduction in the land value, this Court held as follows –  11. The principle of deduction in the land value covered by the comparable sale is thus adopted in order to arrive at the market value of the acquired land.  In applying   the   principle,   it   is   necessary   to consider all relevant facts. It is not the extent of   the   area   covered   under   the   acquisition which is the only relevant factor. Even in the vast   area   there   may   be   land   which   is   fully developed having all amenities and situated in an   advantageous   position.   If   smaller   area within the large tract is already developed and suitable for building purposes and have in its vicinity   roads,   drainage,   electricity, communications   etc.   then   the   principle   of deduction simply for the reason that it is part of   the   large   tract   acquired,   may   not   be justified . 12.  ….. The land involved in these cases is of even level and   fit   for   construction   without   the   necessity   of levelling or reclamation. The High Court has itself concluded on the evidence that the lands covered by the   acquisition   are   located   by   the   side   of   the National Highway and the Southern Railway Staff Quarters with the town planning trust road on the north.   The   neighbouring   areas   are   already developed ones and houses have been constructed, and the land has potential value for being used as building sites.  Having found that the land is to be  valued   only  as   building   sites   and  having stated the advantageous position in which the 36 land in question lies though forming part of the   larger   area,   the   High   Court   should   not have applied the principles of deduction. It is not in every case that such deduction is to be allowed.   Where   the   acquired   land   is   in   the midst   of   already   developed   land   with amenities   of   roads,   electricity   etc.,   the deduction in the value of the comparable land is not warranted . 13.  The   proposition   that   large   area   of   land   cannot possibly fetch a price at the same rate at which small plots are sold is not absolute proposition and in given circumstances it would be permissible to take   into   account   the   price   fetched   by   the   small plots of land. If the larger tract of land because of advantageous position is capable of being used for the purpose for which the smaller plots are used and is also situated in a developed area with little or   no   requirement   of   further   development,   the principle of deduction of the value for purpose of comparison is not warranted.  With regard to the nature of the plots involved in these two cases, it   has   been   satisfactorily   shown   on   the evidence on record that the land has facilities of road and other amenities and is adjacent to a developed colony and in such circumstances, it   is   possible   to   utilize   the   entire   area   in question as house sites. In respect of the land acquired   for   the   road,   the   same   advantages are   available,   and   it   did   not   require   any further development. We, are, therefore, of the view that the High Court has erred in applying the   principle   of   deduction   and   reducing   the fair market value of land from Rs 10 per sq. yard to Rs 6.50 per sq. yard. In our opinion, no such   deduction   is   justified   in   the   facts   and circumstances of these cases. The appellants, . therefore, succeed 37 29. Further,   this   Court   in   ‘Trishala   Jain   Vs.   State   of ,   while   dealing   with Uttaranchal,   (2011)   6   SCC   47’ determination   of   compensation   and   deduction   of development charges held as under –  44. It is thus evident from the above enunciated principle   that   the   acquired   land   has   to   be more or less developed land as its developed surrounding   areas,   with   all   amenities   and facilities and is fit to be used for the purpose for which it is acquired without any further expenditure,   before   such   land   could   be . Similarly, the sale considered for no deduction instances even of smaller plots could be considered for determining the market value of a larger chunk of   land   with   some   deduction   unless,   there   was comparability in potential, utilization, amenities and infrastructure with hardly any distinction. On such principles each case would have to be considered on its own merits. Further,   this   Court   in   ‘Kasturi   and   Ors.   Vs.   State   of ,   while dealing with various Haryana, (2003) 1 SCC 354’ factual factors to be taken into consideration while applying the cut in payment of compensation towards developmental charges held as under – 7. ........ However,   in   cases   of   some   land   where there are certain advantages by virtue of the developed   area   around,   it   may   help   in reducing the percentage of cut to be applied, as the developmental charges required may be 38 less   on   that   account.   There   may   be   various factual factors  which  may have  to be taken into  consideration  while  applying  the  cut  in payment   of   compensation   towards developmental charges, maybe in some cases it rd   is more than 1/3      and in some cases less than rd . It must be remembered that there is difference 1/3 between   a   developed   area   and   an   area   having potential value, which is yet to be developed. The fact   that   an   area   is   developed   or   adjacent   to   a developed area will not ipso facto make every land situated in the area also developed to be valued as a building site or plot, particularly when vast tracts are   acquired,   as   in   this   case,   for   development purpose. The aforesaid judgments postulate general factors that are to be taken into consideration for deciding the quantum of deduction of development charges. As iterated above, such factors majorly include the nature of land to be acquired, the extent of area to be acquired, the extent of development in the adjoining land as well as land proposed to be acquired, the commercial potentiality and so on. Therefore, deduction of development charge in the instant case should have been made while considering the said factors. However, it is made clear that this observation is being made in peculiar facts of the present case and not in general. 39 30. Applying the ratio of said judgments in the facts of the case at hand, as per the stand taken by NOIDA, the scheduled piece of land is a costly land, being situated at the centre of development of authority and has commercial use. On spot, the demarcation was not possible because the land was fully developed. In the backdrop, without acquisition, the piece of land belonging to appellant was transferred to respondent no. 7. The acquisition was made subsequently in view of the observations   made   by   the   District   Court   confirming   the decree of permanent injunction for the said piece of land. At the   time   of   taking   over   of   possession,   the   amount   of compensation   was   not   made   and   now,   the   appellant   is running   from   pillar   to   post   to   receive   the   adequate compensation. Even after settling the dispute for payment of compensation at the circle rate of Rs. 1,10,000/­ inter­party in the previous round of litigation, the NOIDA in its own volition neither determined the compensation nor paid to the appellant. The possession of scheduled piece of land, though taken   long   back   in   year   2004­2005,   but   till   date,   the appellant   has   not   been   able   to   reap   the   fruits   of compensation and kept litigating before courts even up to 40 subsequent rounds. Considering all this aspect, deduction made to extent of 50% in by High Court in the said cannot be sustained and is set aside without touching the findings on the point of payment of solatium.  31. As determined hereinabove, the compensation at the circle rate   of   Rs.   1,10,000/­  per   sq.   meter   be   payable     to   the appellant – Reddy Veerana.   Now, the issue of interest is required to be looked into in the context   of provisions of Section 34 of 1894 Act, which reads as thus:   “ 34.  Payment  of  interest  ­ When  the amount   of  such compensation is not paid or deposited on or before taking possession of the land, the Collector shall pay the amount awarded   with   interest   thereon   at   the   rate   of   [nine   per centum] per annum from the time of so taking possession until it shall have been so paid or deposited:  [Provided that if such compensation or any part thereof is not paid or deposited within a period of one year from the date on which possession is taken, interest at the rate of fifteen per centum per annum shall be payable from the date or expiry of the said period of one year on the amount of compensation or part thereof which has not been paid or deposited before the date of such expiry.]” On perusal, it is clear  that if amount of compensation is not paid or deposited on or before taking possession of the land, interest @   9% p.a.   leviable   from the time of taking of possession  until it shall have been so paid or deposited.  It further provides that if the amount of compensation has not 41 been paid or deposited within one year, the interest would be payable @ 15% p.a. on expiry of the period of one year. On perusal of the aforesaid, it is clear that if the amount of compensation is not paid or deposited, 9% interest would be leviable   and   payable.     In   case   the   said   amount   is   not deposited or paid within one year, then interest would be payable @ 15% p.a. In the case at hand, as discussed above, the land was given initially in the year 2003 to respondent No.   7   and   the   acquisition   was   made   subsequently.   The additional award was passed on 31.1.2011 after a delay of five years from the date of taking over of possession.   The amount   was   deposited   in   the   year   2017   by   a   delay   of approximately 14 years.   In the peculiar facts of this case, in our view, the civil right of appellant Reddy Veerana is violated in breach of Article 300­A of the Constitution of India.       Such   action   of   the   NOIDA   clearly   amounts   to constitutional tort.  In the context of acquisition as made in this case in violation of Article 300­A of the Constitution of India, judgment of this Court in the case of  ‘Kalyani (Dead) Through Lrs. & Ors. Vs. Sulthan Bathery Municipality 42 &   Ors.,   Civil   Appeal   No.   3189   of   2022’   is   relevant, wherein it was observed as under –  20. Article 300A clearly mandates that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. In the present case, we do not find, under which authority of  law, the land  of the appellants was taken and they were deprived of the same. If the Panchayat   and   the   PWD   failed   to   produce   any evidence   that   appellants   have   surrendered   their lands   voluntarily,   depriving   the   appellants   of   the property would be in violation of Article 300­A of the Constitution. 21. A Constitution Bench of this Court in this case of ‘K.T.   Plantation   Private   Limited   Vs.   State   of Karnataka, 2011 (9) SCC 63’ , apart from others, dealt   with   an   issue   relating   to   payment   of compensation   where   a   person   is   deprived   of   his property after deletion of Article 31(2). It laid down that there are two requirements to be fulfilled while depriving a person of his property. Requirement of public purpose is a pre­condition and right to claim compensation is also inbuilt in Article 300­A. While answering   the   reference   in   paragraph   221   (e),   it provided as follows – “221. We, therefore, answer the reference as follows: xxxxxx (e) Public purpose is a precondition for deprivation of a person from his property under Article 300­A and   the   right   to   claim compensation   is   also   inbuilt   in that Article and when a person is deprived   of   his   property,   the State   has   to   justify   both   the grounds   which   may   depend   on scheme of the statute, legislative 43 policy, object and purpose of the legislature   and   other   related factors.   32. Taking note of the aforesaid and in the peculiar facts of this case, we are of the view that in addition to the statutorily paid interest, the additional amount of penal interest must be paid in place of shifting the date for determination of the amount of compensation or to determine the compensation as   per   2013   Act,   as   demanded   by   the   appellant   Reddy Veerana.   It is not out of place to mention here that the nature of interest is essentially a consideration paid either for the use of money or forbearance from demanding it after it   has   fallen   due.       Interest,   whether   it   is   statutory   or otherwise, represents the profit, the creditor may have made if he had used the money or from the loss, he may have suffered because he could not use the amount. Therefore, in the present case, on the amount of compensation, in our view, the amount of compensation be payable along with statutory interest, as directed by the High Court and 3% penal interest, in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, is directed. 44 33. In   view   of   the   foregoing,   Civil   Appeal   No. 3637   of   2022 , preferred by NOIDA is dismissed, whereas the Civil Appeal No. 3636 of 2022 filed by appellant Reddy Veerana is hereby allowed in part with the following directions:  1. Respondents are directed to compute the amount of compensation by taking  the   circle rate  of  Sector­18, i.e., Rs. 1,10,000/­ per square meter; 2. The   judgment   of   the   High   Court   directing   50% deduction   towards   development   charge   stands   set­ aside.  In the  peculiar  facts  of  the  present case,  the respondents are directed not to make any deduction towards   the   development   charge   while computing/calculating the amount of compensation as per circle rate, specified in para 1 above; 3. As directed by the High Court, the amount of solatium of 30% in terms of Section 23(2) of 1894 Act is also payable; 4. The statutory interest on the amount of compensation shall be payable @ 9% from the date of taking over of possession,   i.e.,   February,   2005   for   a   period   of   one 45 year.  Thereafter, @ 15% p.a. be paid as per the proviso of  Section  34   of   1894   Act.     In  addition  to   the   said statutory interest, 3% penal interest is further directed to be paid in the peculiar facts of this case.  5. It is made clear here that the amount so deposited in the year 2017 would also earn the interest at the same rate,   as   directed   in   para   4   above   till   the   date   of realization.    6. Since, the acquisition of the land in question was made by NOIDA which was purchased by respondent No. 7 in public   auction,   therefore,   the   liability   to   pay   the amount   of   compensation   would   be   of   NOIDA.     The entire   amount   shall   be   paid   within   a   period   of   six weeks from the date of this judgment.           ………..………………...J.        (VINEET SARAN)                    ….………………………J.                 (J.K. MAHESHWARI)      New Delhi;      May 5, 2022. 46