District Appropriate Authority Under The Pndt Act And Chief District Health Officer vs. Jashmina Dilip Devda

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 04-03-2024

Preview image for District Appropriate Authority Under The Pndt Act And Chief District Health Officer vs. Jashmina Dilip Devda

Full Judgment Text

REPORTABLE  IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA 2024 INSC 173 CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION   CIVIL APPEAL NO.                       OF 2024  [Arising out of SLP (C) No. 17973 of 2015]  DISTRICT APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY UNDER THE PNDT ACT AND  CHIEF DISTRICT HEALTH OFFICER  …..APPELLANT VERSUS JASHMINA DILIP DEVDA & ANR.       …..RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T J.K. Maheshwari J. 1. Leave Granted 2. In the present appeal, the issue concerns the interpretation of   power   of   Section   20(1)   &   (2)   and   Section   20(3)   of   the   Pre­ conception   and   Pre­Natal   Diagnostic   Techniques   (Regulation   & Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (hereinafter to be referred to as the “ PC&PNDT Act ”) for cancellation, suspension or suspension in public interest respectively by the appropriate authority specified Signature Not Verified in Section 17 of the PC&PNDT Act. Digitally signed by Jayant Kumar Arora Date: 2024.03.05 14:55:39 IST Reason: 1 3. The brief facts are that the respondent no.1 is running a hospital at Ahmedabad by the name of “ Dev Hospital ” which is a type   of   polyclinic   having   doctors   from   multiple   branches   like gynecology,   general   physician   and   general   surgeon   treating patients in the said hospital. The hospital was registered under the   PC&PNDT   Act   and   the   said   registration   was   valid   up   to 23.05.2015.     On   the   basis   of   one   complaint   made   by   Shilpa Punani of Wadhwan District Surendranagar, an inspection of the hospital   was   conducted   on   21.10.2010.   During   inspection,   the appropriate   authority   and   its   team   found   some   lapses contravening the provisions of PC&PNDT Act.  Consequently, the sonography   machine   operated  in   the   hospital   was   seized.     On 25.10.2010, the appropriate authority without giving any notice passed an order suspending the registration of the hospital in exercise of the power under Section 20(1) & (2) of the PC&PNDT Act. On filing appeal by respondent no.1, the appellate authority vide order dated 21.12.2010 directed the appropriate authority to pass a suitable order within 15 days and to clarify whether the order   dated   25.10.2020,   was   passed   in   exercise   of   the   power under Section 20(1) & (2) or under Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act. The   appropriate   authority   taking   cue   from   the   order   of   the 2 appellate authority, passed a fresh order on 29.12.2010 that there is a breach of mandatory provisions and accordingly suspended the registration purportedly under Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act in public interest till finalization of the criminal proceedings.  4. An   appeal   preferred   against   the   subsequent   order   dated 29.12.2010 by respondent no.1 was dismissed on 17.03.2011 by the   appellate   authority.   Being   aggrieved,   by   the   order   of suspension   dated   29.12.2010   and   the   order   passed   in   appeal dated 17.03.2011, writ application being SCA No. 6215/2011 was filed   by   respondent   no.1   before   the   High   Court   of   Gujarat (hereinafter   referred   to   as   “ High   Court ”)  to   set  aside   the   said orders and to revoke the suspension of registration of the hospital. Prayer was also made to release the sonography machine seized by the appropriate authority. 5. Learned   Single   Judge   vide   order   dated   05.08.2013   was pleased   to   allow   the   writ   application   inter   alia   observing   that looking to the condition of foetus in the womb, once the patient has   consented   for   abortion,   she   cannot   make   a   complaint   for alleged violation of provisions of PC&PNDT Act.  The Court found that neither any notice was issued nor an opportunity of hearing 3 was   afforded   prior   to   passing   the   order   suspending   the registration.  It was further held that while passing the first order of   suspension   on   25.10.2010,   powers   were   exercised   by appropriate authority under Sections 20(1) & (2) of PC&PNDT Act without affording an opportunity of hearing, which was contrary to the   spirit   of   the   said   provisions   and   wholly   unjustified.   The Learned Single Judge was of the view that appellate authority was not justified to remit the matter in appeal against the order of suspension to the appropriate authority suggesting clarification whether such powers were exercised by him under Section 20(1) & (2) or under Section 20(3) of the PC&PNDT Act and how far the reasons for exercising such power are justified. The Court further held   that   the   reason   as   assigned   in   the   subsequent   order,   if accepted as valid, then each and every case of suspension would fall within the purview of Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act and the provisions of Section 20(1) & (2) will be rendered redundant.   6. Being   aggrieved   by   the   order   of   Learned   Single   Judge, appropriate authority challenged the same by filing the Letters Patent Appeal which was dismissed by the order impugned by the Division Bench, putting a stamp of approval to reasonings of the 4 Learned Single Judge. The Division Bench was of the opinion that all the cases of suspension would not automatically fall within the purview of Section 20(3) of the PC&PNDT Act. It was observed that the reasons assigned in subsequent order of suspension by the appropriate   authority   are   not   valid   to   exercise   such   power   in public interest.  Therefore, the Letters Patent Appeal filed by the appropriate authority was dismissed.  7. Learned counsel for the appellant authority submits that on the scope of Sections 20(1), (2) & (3) of PC&PNDT Act, there is no judgment of this Court, so the question involved in the case is of general public interest. He has placed reliance on the judgment of Malpani Infertility Clinic Pvt. Ltd. vs. Appropriate Authority , 2004 SC Online Bom 834 to urge that if power is exercised by appropriate authority to suspend the registration due to pendency of the prosecution, such power may be exercised in public interest under Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act.  It is contended that looking to   the   object   of   PC&PNDT   Act,   if   the   appropriate   authority considers that the activity of the licensed entity is affecting the public at large, the power to suspend the registration or license is permissible. However, it is fairly stated that the High Court of 5 Bombay   has   given   a   conflicting   judgment   in   the   case   of   J. Sadanand M. Ingle (Dr) vs.  State of Maharashtra ,   2013 SCC online Bom 697   which lays   down that sub­section (3) starts with non­obstante clause and empowers the appropriate authority to suspend the registration temporarily. Dealing with the scope of Sections 20(3) and 30 of the PC&PNDT Act, it was observed that, both   Sections   are   independent   and   action   can   be   taken independent to each other.  It is also urged that issuance of the order dated 25.10.2010 referring to the wrong provisions, would not itself render the said order illegal.  The power under Section 20(3) is of interim nature which can be exercised in public interest in a time bound manner.   Thus, by the subsequent order dated 29.12.2010,   suspension   of   the   registration   as   directed   by   the appellant   authority   was   justified   and   prayed   for   to   allow   this appeal and to set­aside the orders of the High Court. 8. Per   contra ,   learned   counsel   for   the   respondent   No.   1 submits that considering the tenor of the order passed by the appropriate authority and the reasons so stated, it cannot be said to   be   an   order   suspending   the   registration   in   public   interest. Relying upon the judgment of High Court of Gujarat passed on 6 16.4.2018 in Special Civil Application No. 9424 of 2014 in the case of   Priykant Mokalal Kapadia vs. State of Gujarat , it is urged that the   power  of  Section 20(3)  of  the  PC&PNDT Act is exceptional in nature and can be exercised only in public interest after forming opinion and recording the reasons in this regard, otherwise, such power ought not to be exercised. In support of the said contention, reliance has also been placed on a judgment of the Bombay High Court in the case of   Sujit Govind Dange vs. , 2012(6) Mh.L.J. 289 to urge State of Maharashtra and others that the powers under Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act are extra­ ordinary and the appropriate authority ought to have exercised such   power   in   larger   public   interest   and   in   exceptional circumstances,  in  particular  when  the  said  authority  is  of  the opinion that it is necessary or expedient to do so in public interest by recording such reasons, otherwise such power should not be exercised. 9. We   have   heard   learned   counsel   for   both   the   parties   at length and to appreciate the scope of powers as specified under Section 20(1), (2) & (3) of PC&PNDT Act, it is necessary to refer the 7 said provisions. For ready reference, Section 20(1), (2) & (3) of PC&PNDT Act are being quoted hereinbelow:
20. Cancellation or suspension of registration.—
(1)  The   Appropriate   Authority   may   suo   moto,   or   on complaint,   issue   a   notice   to   the   Genetic   Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic to show cause why its registration should not be suspended or cancelled for the reasons mentioned in the notice. (2)  If, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic   Clinic   and   having   regard   to   the   advice   of   the Advisory Committee, the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that there has been a breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules, it  may, without prejudice to any criminal action that it may take against such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, suspend its registration for such period as it may think fit or cancel its registration, as the case may be. (3)  Notwithstanding anything contained in sub­sections (1) and (2), if the Appropriate Authority is of the opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, suspend the registration   of   any   Genetic   Counselling   Centre,   Genetic Laboratory   or   Genetic   Clinic   without   issuing   any   such notice referred to in sub­section (1). 10. Bare reading of the aforesaid provisions makes it clear that Section 20(1) & (2) deals with both suspension or cancellation as the case may be, while Section 20(3) only deals with suspension in public interest.  The authority, while exercising power under sub­ sections (1) & (2) of Section 20 of PC& PNDT Act , may act  suo moto 8 or on a complaint and after notice to the  Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic for the reasons to show   cause   why   its   registration   should   not   be   suspended   or cancelled, and affording reasonable opportunity of hearing and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee and on being satisfied that there was a breach of the provisions of the PC& PNDT  Act   or  the   Rules,   without  prejudice   to   any   criminal action, may suspend or cancel its registration as the case maybe. Meaning thereby that for breach of the provisions of the PC& PNDT Act   and the Rules, power of suspension for such period as may deem   fit   or   of   cancellation   may   be   exercised   parallelly   by   the appropriate authority.  11. Sub­Section (3) of Section 20 only deals with suspension and   confers   independent   power   to   the   appropriate   authority irrespective and notwithstanding the power under sub­sections (1) or (2) of Section 20. The said power may only be exercised by the appropriate authority if the said authority is of the opinion that exercise of such power is necessary or expedient in public interest. Meaning thereby that the exercise of such power of suspension by appropriate authority is in a contingency where it is expedient or 9 necessary   to   take   immediate   action   in   public   interest.   While exercising such power, it is incumbent on the authority to form an opinion for reasons to be recorded in writing to indicate the said public   interest.   The   said   power   is   not   akin   to   the   power   as specified in sub­section 2 of Section 20 of PC&PNDT Act and the Rules thereto. 12. In the light of the discussion of the above provisions, it is required to be seen whether the order of suspension passed on 25.10.2010 is really an order under sub­section (2) or under sub­ section (3) of Section 20 of the PC& PNDT Act .  To understand the real intent of the order, it would be proper to reproduce the order dated 25.10.2010 as under :
“No. DP/H/PNDT/Regn. Susp/Dr. Jasmina Devda/315/10
O/O Appropriate Authority, PNDT Act, 1994 & CDHO,<br>District Panchayat, Health Branch, Ahmedabad
Date: 25.10.2010
Read:
1. The facts of the observations by Appropriate Authority during<br>the visit & the search & Seizure operation at clinic of Dr.<br>Jasmina D. Devda, Dev Hospital, Vasna, Ahmedabad on 21st<br>October, 2010.
2. Advice of the PNDT Advisory Committee meeting held on<br>22/10/2010.
3. Powers conferred under Section 20(1) & (2) of PC&PNDT Act,<br>1994
Office Order:­
As per the points read above, a search & seizure operation<br>was conducted at the clinic of Dr. Jasmina D. Devda, Dev
10
Hospital, Kesariyaji Bus Stop, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Hospital<br>Road, Vasna, Ahmedabad on 21st October, 2010.
Dr. Jasmina D. Devda, Dev Hospital, Vasna, Ahmedabad<br>has convincingly contravened the Sections 4(3),5(2), 5(a) &<br>Rules 9(1), 9(4), 9(8), 10(1A) and 13 of the PC&PNDT Act,<br>1994. As per powers conferred under Section No. 21(1) &<br>20(2) of PC&PNDT Act, 1994, the PNDT registration No. 564<br>allotted to the clinic of the same at the above address is<br>hereby suspended till the next order TV undersigned.
Appropriate Authority
PNDT Act, 1994 & CDHO,
District Panchayat,
Ahmedabad.
To
Dr. Jasmina D. Devda,
Dev Seva Trust, Kesariyaji Bus Stop
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Hospital Road, Vasna,
Ahmedabad.”
13. Having gone through the order and the provisions of sub­section (2) of Section 20 of the PC& PNDT Act, in our view,  the order dated 25.10.2010 cannot be said to be an order under sub­ section (3) of Section 20 of PC& PNDT Act. In fact , it is  simplicitor an   order   passed   under   sub­section   (2)   of   Section   20   alleging contraventions of the provisions of PC& PNDT Act and the Rules. Therefore,   we   have   no   hesitation   to   say   that   the   appellate authority,   while   remanding   the   matter   vide   order   dated 21.12.2010, was not required to ask the appropriate authority to clarify whether the order of suspension was under sub­section (3) or under sub­sections (1) & (2) of Section 20 of  PC& PNDT Act.   11 14. After remand, the  subsequent order of suspension dated 29.12.2010   passed   in   public   interest   was   assailed   before   the appellate authority and the writ court.  To appreciate the contents of the said order and the provisions of sub­Sections (1), (2) & (3) of Section 20 of PC&PNDT Act, it is necessary to reproduce the order dated 29.12.2010 which is as under: OW   No.   DP/H/PNDT/Regn.   Susp/Dr.   Jasmina “ Devda/852/100/0   Appropriate   Authority,   PNDT   Act, 1994   &   CDHO,   District   Panchayat,   Health   Branch, Ahmedabad Date: 29.12.2010 Read:­ (1)  The facts of the observation by Appropriate Authority   during   the   visit   1   the   search   and   seizure operation   at   clinic   of   Dr.   Jasmina   D.   Devda,   Dev st Hospital, Vasna, Ahmedabad on 21  October, 2010. (2) Power conferred under Section 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act, 1994. (3)   Order   dated   21/12/2010   passed   in   Appeal   No. 5/2010 by State Appropriate Authority, PC & PNDT Act. OFFICE ORDER As   per   the   points   read   above,   a   search   &   seizure operation was  conducted at the clinic of Dr. Jasmina D. Devda,   Dev   Hospital,   Kesariyaji   Bus   Stop,   Dr.   Jivraj st Mehta   Hospital   Road,   Vasna,   Ahmedabad   on   21 October, 2010. Dr.   Jasmina   D.   Devda,   Dev   Hospital,   Vasna, Ahmedabad has convincingly  contravened the Sections 4(3), 5(2), 6(a) & Rules 9(1), 9(4), 9(5), 10(1A) & 13 of the PNDT Act, 1994.  As per power conferred under Section No. 20(3) of PC&PNDT Act, 1994, the PNDT Registration No. 564 allotted to the clinic of the same at the above 12 address is hereby suspended, for following reason till finalization of criminal proceedings. There   is   clear   breach   of   mandatory   provisions   as mentioned in the order dated 25/10/2010 viz. Section 4(3), 5(2), 6(a) & Rules 9(1), 9(4), 9(8), 10(1A) & 13.  This defeats the basic purpose of the Act & hence contrary to   the   public   interest.     Thus   in   public   interest   it   is required to check the activity of yours  as you are not acting   as   per     statutory   provisions   of   Act   &   hence, suspension of the PNDT registration is desirable. Appropriate Authority, PNDT   Act   1994   & CDHO, District Panchayat, Ahmedabad.”    15. Perusal   of   the   above   order   reveals   that   the   appropriate authority while passing the order sought to exercise power under sub­section   (3)   of   Section   20   of   PC& PNDT   Act   and   directed suspension of the registration of the clinic till finalization of the criminal   proceedings   because   of   the   contraventions   of   the provisions of the  PC& PNDT Act and the Rules.  Therefore, it is said to be contrary to the public interest and such activity is required to be curbed.  16. As per the discussion made hereinabove, in our view, the power   of   sub­section   (3)   of   Section   20   of   PC& PNDT   Act   is notwithstanding the power of sub­sections (1) & (2) of Section 20. The   said   power   can   only   be   exercised   when   the   appropriate authority forms an opinion that it is necessary or expedient in public interest to do so.   It is incumbent upon the appropriate 13 authority   to   form   its   opinion   based   on   reasons   expedient   or necessary to exercise the power of suspension. The contents of the suspension order dated 29.12.2010 does not contain reasons as required to form an opinion that it is necessitated or expedient in public interest to exercise the power of suspension. Therefore, in our view, it does not fulfill the requirement of sub­section (3) of Section 20 of  PC& PNDT Act. As per the above discussions, neither the first order of suspension dated 25.10.2010 nor the second order of suspension dated 29.12.2010 qualifies the requirement of sub­Section (3) of Section 20 of the  PC& PNDT Act.  The said view is fortified by the reasoning recorded by the learned Single Judge and   Division   Bench   which   we   find   just   and   concur   by   its reasoning.     Therefore,   we   are   not   inclined   to   interfere   in   this appeal. 17. In   the   above   context,   it   is   necessary   to   refer   to   the intendment of Section 20(2) and Section 20(3) of  PC& PNDT Act. At the cost of reiteration, we clarify that if the appropriate authority finds breach of provisions of PC&PNDT Act or the Rules it may, after issuing notice and giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard,   without   prejudice   to   any   criminal   action   against   the 14 licensed entity, suspend its registration for such period as it may think fit or cancel the same as the case maybe. The appropriate authority has also been conferred with a power under sub­section (3) of Section 20 notwithstanding the power under sub­section (1) & (2) of Section 20. In the said situation in case, the authority forms   an   opinion   that   it   is   necessary   or   expedient   in   public interest, then after recording reasons in writing, it may suspend the registration of the licensed entity without notice as specified in sub­section (1) of Section 20. Thus, the power of sub­section (3) is intermittent and in addition to the power of sub­section (2) but it may be exercised sparingly, in exceptional circumstances in public interest. In our view, the power of suspension, if any exercised, by the appropriate authority deeming it necessary or expedient in public interest for the reasons so specified, it should be for interim period and not for an inordinate duration. 18. As per above discussion of the legal position, in the facts of the   present   case   as   is   apparent,   the   inspection   was   made   on 21.10.2010,   and   the   order   of   suspension   was   passed   on 25.10.2010  without  any   notice   or  affording  any   opportunity   of hearing as per sub­section (2) of Section 20. On filing appeal, the 15 appellate authority remitted it to the appropriate authority which passed   the   subsequent   order   of   suspension   dated   29.12.2010 exercising the power under sub­section (3) of Section 20, which in our view is not justified and has rightly been set­aside by Learned Single Judge and confirmed by the Division Bench. Therefore, the appeal filed by the appropriate authority is hereby dismissed and the order passed by Learned Single Judge and the Division Bench are   hereby   upheld.   Since   the   order   under   challenge   has   been implemented and the hospital is operational, therefore no further consequential orders are required to be passed directing to revive the registration. In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.        …………….…………J. (J.K. MAHESHWARI) .………………………..J. (K.V. VISWANATHAN) NEW DELHI; 04.03.2024 16