ASTHA GOEL vs. THE MEDICAL COUNSELLING COMMITTEE (MCC)

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 409 OF 2022 Dr. Astha Goel and Ors. …Appellant(s) Versus The Medical Counselling Committee & Ors. …Respondent(s) WITH WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 393 OF 2022 Dr. Atharv Tungatkar and Ors. …Appellant(s) Versus The Medical Consulting Committee & Ors. …Respondent(s) WITH SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 10395 OF 2022 Dr. Nikhil Arora …Appellant(s) Versus Union of India & Ors. …Respondent(s) AND SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 10539 OF 2022 Dr. Khundongbam Chetan …Appellant(s) Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Jayant Kumar Arora Date: 2022.06.10 14:55:20 IST Reason: Versus Union of India & Ors. …Respondent(s) 1 O R D E R M.R. SHAH, J. 1. As common question of law and facts arise in this group of writ petitions/special leave petitions, they are being disposed of by this common order. 2. For the sake of convenience, Writ Petition (C) No.409 of 2022- Dr. Astha Goel and Ors. Vs. The Medical Counselling Committee & Ors. is treated as the lead matter. By way of this writ petition being Writ Petition No. 409 of 2022 under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, the seven petitioners have prayed for the following reliefs:- “a) Issue an Appropriate Writ, Order or Direction, in the nature of a Writ of Mandamus, under Article 32 of the Constitution to direct Respondent No. 1 to provide the exact number of vacant seats after the conduct of stray vacancy round of AIQ; b) Issue an Appropriate Writ, Order or Direction, in the nature of a Writ of Mandamus, under Article 32 of the Constitution to direct Respondent No. 1 to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling to allow the candidates to participate for the vacant seats which are available after the conduct of stray vacancy round of AIQ; xxxxxxx” 2 3. In Writ Petition (C) No. 393 of 2022, one additional prayer is made to issue an appropriate writ, direction or order directing the respondent Nos. 1 and 2 – The Medical Consulting Committee and the Union of India to revert the Medical P.G. seats remaining vacant after the AIQ stray vacancy round as regards the admissions conducted pursuant to NEET-PG-2021 examination to the State Quotas, for being allotted through State Mop-Up Rounds. 4. The petitioners of Special Leave Petition (C) No. 10395 of 2022 and Special Leave Petition (C) No. 10539 of 2022 approached the respective High Courts for the very reliefs, which are now sought in the aforesaid writ petitions, namely directing the respondents to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling so as to allow them to participate for the vacant seats, which are available after the conduct of stray vacancy round of AIQ. By the impugned orders, the respective High Courts have dismissed the writ petitions, hence the original writ petitioners have preferred the present special leave petitions. 5. The dispute is with respect to the admissions for NEET-PG-2021. Around 40,000 seats were available for NEET-PG examination, which included the clinical as well as non-clinical seats. 92,000 candidates/ doctors were initially eligible for examination for the said seats. 3 However, subsequently, the percentage was lowered by communication dated 12.05.2022 and another 25,000 candidates became eligible. 5.1 The NEET-PG examination was conducted on 11.09.2021. The result was declared on 28.09.2021. As per the earlier counselling scheme, there were two rounds of counselling for All India Seats as well as State Quotas seats respectively. However, as per the modified counselling scheme, counselling is to be carried in four rounds and no seats were to be reverted to States. These four rounds were AIQ Round 1, AIQ Round 2, AIQ Mop-up Round and AIQ Stray Vacancy Round. 5.2 That for NEET-PG-2021, Round 1 was held on 12.01.2022, Round 2 was held on 05.02.2022, Mop-Up Round was held on 14.04.2022 and final Stray Round started on 28.04.2022 and ended on 07.05.2022. At the end of the four rounds of counselling, each for All India Quota and State Quotas (in all eight rounds of counselling) and thereafter one another round of counselling was conducted, and still approximately 1456 seats remain vacant. 5.3 The respective petitioners, who earlier participated in all the counsellings and could not get the admissions have now approached this Court by way of present writ petitions/special leave petitions praying for Special Stray Round of counselling with respect to the remaining 1456 seats remained vacant and to allow them to participate for the 4 vacant seats, which are available after the conduct of the Stray vacancy round of AIQ. 6. Ms. Rachna Shrivastava, learned Senior Advocate has appeared on behalf of the writ petitioners of Writ Petition (C) No. 409 of 2022; Shri A.D.N. Rao, learned Senior Advocate has appeared on behalf of the petitioner in Special Leave Petition (C) No. 10395 of 2022; Shri Avijit Mani Tripathi, learned counsel has appeared on behalf of the petitioner in Special Leave Petition (C) No. 10539 of 2022 and Shri Kunal Cheema, learned counsel has appeared on behalf of the writ petitioner in Writ Petition (C) No.393 of 2022. Shri Balbir Singh, learned Additional Solicitor General has appeared on behalf of the Union of India and Shri Gaurav Sharma, learned counsel has appeared on behalf of the Medical Counselling Committee as well as the National Board of Examinations. 7. Learned Senior Advocates/counsel appearing on behalf of the respective petitioners have made following submissions in support of their prayer to direct the respondents to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling with respect to the seats which have remained vacant:- (i) Total 1456 seats have remained vacant for NEET-PG-2021, wastage of 1456 seats still hamper the interest of both colleges and the candidates; (ii) The respective petitioners – candidates are ready to get admission on any of the seats remained vacant; 5 (iii) Due to abrupt addition of additional seats in NEET-PG-2021, an additional round of counselling for 146 seats was conducted pursuant to the order passed by this Court. Apart from this, the Mop-Up round was cancelled and was directed to be reconducted. Therefore, the point of four counselling cannot be brought when due to severe glitches additional rounds were already conducted; (iv) Out of 1456 seats remaining vacant, there are many seats, which are clinical seats also. Therefore, it is not correct to say that the seats, which have remained vacant are of Paramedical courses; (v) The seats which have remained vacant have remained vacant due to the non-joining, resignation and the candidates not reported. It is submitted that therefore, it was the duty cast upon the respondents to fill up the posts remained vacant due to the aforesaid grounds from and amongst the remaining candidates; (vi) It is the duty of the Medical Counselling Committee to have conducted an additional round keeping in view the large number of seats (1456) remaining vacant; (vii) Closing of the software before filling of those seats itself is not justifiable. Even if the software is closed, looking at the gravity and urgency, a mechanism can be developed to fill in the vacant seats; 6 (viii) That the submission on behalf of the Medical Counselling Committee and the Union of India that the respective candidates have already been refunded the amount cannot be a ground not to conduct an additional round of counselling; (ix) The candidates for NEET-PG-2021 and 2022 are different. Many candidates, who participated in the counselling for NEET-PG-2021 did not even register for NEET-PG-2022 with a hope that they will get a seat in the counselling. Registration for NEET-PG-2022 has already been closed on 25.03.2022, giving no room to the candidates for NEET-PG- 2021 to appear for the NEET-PG-2022; (x) The candidates cannot be replaced for NEET-PG-2021 and NEET-PG-2022, 1456 seats can only be open for a merit- based competition for NEET-PG-2021; (xi) If the candidates like the petitioners are given the admissions on the seats remaining vacant now, it may not affect their education. Even the classes of NEET-PG-2021 started even much before the first counselling batch started. That thereafter and after the courses started, there are three Mop- Up Rounds conducted and the students are given admissions and the last admission was given on 07.05.2022. The students, who are given admissions now will be able to complete their full studies. 7 Making above submissions, it is urged and prayed to direct the respondents to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling as a one-time measure and as a special case. 8. Present petitions/special leave petitions are vehemently opposed by Shri Balbir Singh, learned ASG appearing on behalf of the Union of India and Shri Gaurav Sharma, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Medical Counselling Committee. A counter is filed on behalf of the respondent Nos. 1 and 3 – Union of India/ Director General of Health Services. 8.1 It is vehemently submitted by Shri Balbir Singh, learned ASG that in the present case, the dispute is with respect to the NEET-PG-2021 seats. It is submitted that in the present case, four rounds of counselling each for All India Quota and State’s Quotas have been carried out and out of 40,000 seats only 1456 seats have remained vacant after in all nine rounds of counselling. It is submitted that out of 1456 seats remaining vacant, approximately, 1100 seats are with respect to non- clinical courses and the remaining seats are with respect to the private colleges and with respect to the clinical courses. It is submitted that all those seats have remained vacant, which usually remain vacant every year as they are no takers and/or they can be said to be rejected seats. It is submitted that all those seats remain vacant every year and, in 8 many cases, they are not opted by the concerned candidate as nobody like to opt for non-clinical courses and even with respect to some of the clinical courses, as there is a high fee in the private colleges, they are no takers and therefore, some of the seats are remaining vacant every year. It is submitted that therefore even after one additional round of counselling is carried out as requested by the petitioners, in that case also the seats are bound to remain vacant. It is submitted that there cannot be endless exercise of conducting counseling one after another till all the seats are filled in. It is submitted that after the nine rounds of counselling when some of the seats have remained vacant and considering the fact that the PG courses (clinical) is three-years course, out of which, for whatever reason, more than one year had gone and there cannot be any compromise so far as the Medical Education is concerned and considering the fact that the admission process for NEET-PG-2022 has already begun and the counselling for NEET-PG- 2022 is to begin/start in July, 2022, a conscious decision has been taken not to conduct one another Special Stray Round of counselling. 8.2 It is further submitted on behalf of the Union of India and the Medical Counselling Committee that the last round of counselling ended on 07.05.2022. That thereafter, the entire software mechanism has been closed and the security deposit has also been refunded to the eligible candidates. It is submitted that a significant proportion of seats, 9 which remain vacant are in non-clinical courses and these are no taker seats, which seats generally remain vacant. It is submitted that every year, some number of seats remain vacant. It is submitted that the identical question came to be considered by this Court in the case of Education Promotion Society for India and Anr. Vs. Union of India and Ors., (2019) 7 SCC 38. It is submitted that before this Hon’ble Court, the petitioners prayed for general extension of time and prayed for additional Mop-Up Round of counselling on the ground that a large number of seats for PG courses were lying vacant. It is submitted that in the said decision after taking note of the fact that every year, large number of non-clinical seats remain vacant because many graduate doctors do not want to do postgraduation in non-clinical subjects, it is observed that merely because the seats are lying vacant is not a ground to grant extension of time and grant further opportunity to fill up vacant seats. It is submitted that in the aforesaid decision, it is observed that the schedule must be followed and if the violation of schedule is permitted and extension is granted, it will be opening a pandora’s box and the whole purpose of fixing a time schedule and laying down a regime which strictly adheres to the time schedule will be defeated. 8.3 Shri Gaurav Sharma, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Medical Counselling Committee and the National Board of Examinations has also relied upon the earlier decision of this Court in the case of 10 Supreet Batra and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Ors., (2003) 3 SCC 370 in support of his submission that even if some seats remained vacant, the students cannot be admitted mid-term. 8.4 Making above submission, it is prayed to dismiss the present writ petitions/special leave petitions. 9. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the respective parties at length. 10. At the outset, it is required to be noted that in the present case, the dispute is with respect to the NEET-PG-2021 and the time schedule for the approved counselling has been fixed pursuant to the direction issued by this Court and/or approved by this Court. Ordinarily, the first round of counselling in PG courses begins in the month of March of every academic year and subsequently the academic session begins from the month of May of every academic year. However, NEET-PG-2021 examination was delayed due to the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic and various litigations across the nation implementing the 27% OBC reservation in AIQ seats. 10.1 At this stage, it is required to be noted that as per the earlier counselling policy, only two rounds of counselling were being held for All India Quota seats and State Quotas. The modified scheme of 11 counselling for Academic Year 2021-2022 and onwards was submitted before this Court in Special Leave Petition (C) No.10487 of 2021 and this Court approved the same. As per the modified scheme of counselling, this time four rounds of counselling have been undertaken for All India Quota seats as well as States’ Quotas each. That thereafter one another round of counselling was conducted pursuant to the subsequent order passed by this Court, as approximately 146 seats were added. The NEET-PG-2021 counselling commenced on 12.01.2022 and after completion of the four rounds of counselling for All India Quota seats and State Quotas (in all eight rounds of counselling), out of 40,000 seats, 1456 seats have remained vacant. It appears that out of 1456 seats approximately more than 1100 seats are with respect to the non-clinical courses and the remaining are with respect to the clinical courses and all the seats are with respect to the private institutions. The respective petitioners are claiming admission on the remaining vacant seats and have prayed to direct the respondents to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling. The main submission on behalf of the petitioners, as noted hereinabove, is that as large number of seats have remained vacant, the same be filled in by conducting additional/Special Stray Round of counselling for the seats remaining vacant, which are mostly non-clinical courses, which remained even after eight or nine rounds of counselling. The students cannot still pray 12 for admission on those seats remaining vacant after approximately one year of academic session and remaining vacant after eight or nine rounds of counselling. 10.2 At this stage, the decisions of this Court in the case of Supreet Batra and Ors. (supra) and Education Promotion Society for India and Anr. (supra) are required to be referred to. In the case of Supreet Batra and Ors. (supra) , it is observed and held that even if some seats remain vacant, the students cannot be admitted mid-term. In paragraph 7, it is observed and held as under:-

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10.3 In the case of Education Promotion Society for India and Anr. (supra) , the writ petitioners like the petitioners in the present case prayed for extension of time schedule and prayed for the additional counselling. This Court negated the same. This Court also took the note of the fact that every year large number of non-clinical seats remain vacant because many graduate doctors do not want to do postgraduation in non-clinical subjects. Thereafter, it is observed and held that merely because the seats are lying vacant, is not a ground to grant extension of time and grant further opportunity to fill up vacant seats. It is observed that the schedule must be followed. While holding so, it is observed in paragraph 6 as under:-

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10.4 Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid two decisions to the facts of the case on hand and when the Medical Counselling Committee and the Union of India have to adhere to the time schedule for completing the admission process and when the current admission of NEET-PG-2021 is already behind time schedule and ever after conducting eight to nine rounds of counselling, still some seats, which are mainly non-clinical courses seats have remained vacant and thereafter when a conscious decision is taken by the Union Government/the Medical Counselling Committee, not to conduct a further Special Stray Round of counselling, it cannot be said that the same is arbitrary. The decision of the Union Government and the Medical Counselling Committee not to have Special Stray Round of 15 counselling is in the interest of Medical Education and Public Health. There cannot be any compromise with the merits and/or quality of Medical Education, which may ultimately affect the Public Health. 10.5 The process of admission and that too in the medical education cannot be endless. It must end at a particular point of time. The time schedule has to be adhered to, otherwise, ultimately, it may affect the medical education and the public health. 10.6 Apart from the fact that after closure of the last round of counselling on 07.05.2022, the entire software mechanism has been closed and the security deposit is refunded to the eligible candidates, it is to be noted that the admission process for NEET-PG-2022 has already begun, the results for the NEET-PG-2022 has been announced on 01.06.2022 and as per the time schedule, the counselling process is going to start in July, 2022. Therefore, if one additional Special Stray Round of counselling is conducted now, as prayed, in that case, it may affect the admission process for NEET-PG-2022. 10.7 At the cost of repetition, it is observed and held that even after eight to nine rounds of counselling, out of 40,000 seats, 1456 seats have remained vacant, out of which approximately, more than 1100 seats are non-clinical seats, which every year remain vacant, of which the judicial 16 notice has been taken by this Court in the case of Education Promotion Society for India and Anr. (supra) 11. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the petitioners are not entitled to any relief of writ of Mandamus directing the respondents to conduct a Special Stray Round of counselling for filling up the remaining vacant seats of NEET-PG-2021. Granting of such relief now may affect the medical education and ultimately the public health as observed hereinabove. 12. Under the circumstances, both these writ petitions and the special leave petitions deserve to be dismissed and are accordingly dismissed. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. ………………………………….J. [M.R. SHAH] NEW DELHI; ………………………………….J. JUNE 10, 2022. [ANIRUDDHA BOSE] 17