STATE OF KERALA vs. RAJESH

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 24-01-2020

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      REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION      CRIMINAL APPEAL NO(S). 154­157   OF 2020   (Arising out of SLP(Crl.) No(s). 7309­7312 of 2019) STATE OF KERALA ETC. …..APPELLANT(S) VERSUS RAJESH ETC.       ….RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T Ajay Rastogi, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. The   appellant­prosecution   has   challenged   the   discretion exercised by the learned Single Judge of the High Court of Kerala in granting post­arrest bail to the accused respondents without noticing the   mandate   of   Section   37(1)(b)(ii)   of   the   Narcotic   Drugs   and Signature Not Verified Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985(hereinafter being referred to as Digitally signed by SUSHMA KUMARI BAJAJ Date: 2020.01.24 16:17:51 IST Reason: th “NDPS Act”) under the order impugned dated 10  May, 2019 followed 1 th with 12  June, 2019 rejecting the application filed by the appellant under   Section   482   of   the   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure(hereinafter being referred to as “CrPC”) for recalling the order of post­arrest bail th dated 10  May, 2019. 3. It may be noticed that accused respondent Shajimon is (A­5) in Crime No. 14/2018 and (A­1) in Crime No. 19/2018 and another accused respondent Rajesh is (A­3) in Crime No. 19/2018. Facts of Crime No. 14/2018  th 4. The prosecution case is that on 25  May, 2018 at 5.30 p.m. in the parking area of the Hotel Aquarock situated at Mannanthala, accused A­1 to A­3 were found to be in joint possession of 10.202 kgs of hashish oil and currency notes worth Rs. 13,50,000/­.  The Circle   Inspector   of   Excise,   Thiruvananthapuram   arrested   all   of three accused A­1 to A­3 and seized the hashish oil, money and the vehicles   which   were   used   by   them   for   transporting   oil.     The allegation   against   the   accused   respondent   (A­5)   was   that   he entrusted   hashish   oil   to   A­1   through   A­2   for   sale   in   the International market and Crime No. 14/2018 was registered against him   for   the   offences   punishable   under   Sections   20(b)(ii)(c)   and 2 Section 29 of the NDPS Act and after investigation, charge­sheet th was filed on 10  May, 2019. 5. On   an   application   filed   for   post­arrest   bail   by   accused respondent(A­5), learned Additional Sessions Judge while noticing the mandate of Section 37(1)(b)(i) and (ii) of the NDPS Act observed that there was a prima facie material to presume that the accused committed   the   offence   punishable   under   Section   20(b)(ii)(c)   and Section 29 of the NDPS Act and rejected the application for post­ st arrest bail vide order dated 21  February, 2019 which came to be challenged at the instance of the accused respondent filing bail application before the High Court. 6. Learned Judge of the High Court without even noticing Section 37 of the NDPS Act and taking note of the fact that other accused persons in Crime No. 14/2018(A­1 to A­4) since have been released on bail, granted him post­arrest bail under the order impugned th dated 10  May, 2019 which is a subject matter of appeal before us. 3 Facts of Crime No. 19/2018 7. The accused respondents in Crime No. 19/2018 are registered at excise circle office, Thiruvananthapuram alleging commission of the offence punishable under Section 20(b)(ii)(c) of the NDPS Act.  It may be noticed that A­5 in Crime No. 14/2018 is A­1(Shajimon) in Crime No. 19/2018 and other accused, i.e.  Rajesh is A­3.  The case th of prosecution is that on 25   October, 2018 at about 5.45 PM at Aristo   Junction,   Thiruvananthapuram,   accused   respondent (Shajimon­A1) along with two other persons including A­3(Rajesh) were found to be in possession of 1.800 kg of hashish oil.   They th were arrested on 25   October, 2018 for offence punishable under Section 20(b)(ii)(c) of the NDPS Act.   After investigation, charge­ th sheet   was   filed   on   17   April,   2019.     Both   the   accused respondents(A­1   and   A­3)   filed   their   respective   post­arrest   bail application before the Sessions Judge, Thiruvananthapuram which came to be dismissed after assigning cogent reasons under Order st dated 21   February, 2019 and both of them preferred their bail application before the High Court.   The High Court vide its order th dated 10   May, 2019 granted bail to   A­1 and A­3 in Crime No. 4 19/2018 and observed that both the accused have completed 195 days in judicial custody and their further detention is not necessary as nothing remains to be investigated against them.     Although Section 37 of NDPS Act has been referred to by the learned Single Judge in the impugned order not for the purpose of showing its compliance, but to justify due application of mind in taking decision th to grant post­arrest bail under Order dated 10  May, 2019. 8. It   may   also   be   noticed   that   respondent(A­5)   was   earlier convicted under Section 55(a) of Abkari Act in S.C. 235/2005.  At the same time, for threatening witness in Crime No. 14/2018, a separate Crime No. 38/2018 has been registered against him. 9. Immediately   after   the   post­arrest   bail   was   granted   by   the learned Single Judge, miscellaneous application was filed by the appellant under Section 482 CrPC for recalling the orders of grant th of   post­arrest   bail   to   the   accused   respondents   dated   10   May, 2019.   The learned Single Judge after noticing the submissions made in paragraph 16, that even if it was an erroneous order and it did not involve application of mind, still it was not open for the Court   to   reconsider   the   facts   invoking   Section   482   CrPC   and 5 expressed its view that the remedy of the State lies in assailing the orders of the Court before the superior forum, if so advised, and th dismissed the application vide order dated 12  June, 2019 which is also a subject matter of challenge before us. 10. Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior counsel for the appellant submits that the High Court has committed an apparent error in exercising   discretion   in   favour   of   the   accused   respondents   in granting   post­arrest   bail   to   them   without   taking   note   of   the mandate of Section 37(1)(b)(ii) of the NDPS Act.   11. Learned senior counsel further submits that negation of bail is the rule, and its grant is an exception under Section 37(1)(b)(ii) of the NDPS Act.  For granting bail, the Court must, on the basis of the record produced before it, be satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the accused is not guilty of the offences with which he has been charged, and further he is not likely to commit any offence while on bail. 12. Learned senior counsel further submits that the conditions for granting bail, specified in Section 37(1)(b)(ii) are in addition to the limitations provided under the CrPC, or any other law for the time 6 being in force regulating the grant of bail.  Liberal approach in the matter of bail under the NDPS Act is uncalled for.  In support of his submission,   learned   senior   counsel   has   placed   reliance   on   the judgment   of   the   three­Judge   Bench   of   this   Court   reported   in  2018(13) SCC 813. Satpal Singh Vs. State of Punjab 13. Per   contra,   Mr.   R.   Basant,   learned   senior   counsel   for   the respondents, while supporting the order passed by the High Court impugned in the proceedings submits that in Crime No. 14/2018, accused nos. 1 to 4 were granted post­arrest bail by the High Court th th th vide Orders dated 4  October, 2018, 20  February, 2019 and 25 February, 2019 and the prosecution has not taken any steps to challenge the grant of bail to all other accused persons.   In the given circumstances, the post­arrest bail which has been granted to respondent(A­5) in Crime No. 14/2018(Shajimon) does not call for any interference.   14. Learned senior counsel further submits that so far as Crime No. 19/2018 is concerned, they have been falsely implicated by the batchmates of the excise official, Babu Varghese, who was convicted in a corruption case on the trap being laid down by respondent­ 7 Shajimon   who   after   trial,   was   convicted   under   Section   7   and Section 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of Prevention of Corruption th Act vide judgment dated 26  November, 2014 and later acquittal by the High Court may not be of any significance.   15. Learned senior counsel further submits that charge­sheet has been filed in both the cases, i.e. Crime No. 14/2018 and Crime No. 19/2018 and the matter is fixed for framing of charge.  No further investigation is required from the accused respondents, and the learned   Single   Judge   under   the   impugned   judgment   has   put stringent   conditions   while   granting   post­arrest   bail   to   the respondents, which has neither been misused nor violated and after affording due opportunity of hearing and noticing Section 37 of the NDPS   Act,   satisfaction   has   been   recorded   that   the   accused respondents deserve post­arrest bail.  Once the discretion has been exercised by the learned Single Judge based on the facts on record, interference with the discretion exercised in favour of the accused respondents is not warranted. 16. Learned senior counsel further submits that the High Court was   cognizant   of   the   fact   that   the   respondents   had   initiated 8 prosecution   under   the   Prevention   of   Corruption   Act  against   the batchmate of the detecting officer and that such batchmate was convicted of the offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The High Court was obviously cognizant of the fact that it could be a case of false implication on account of a prior animosity of the detecting   officer­colleagues   convicted   under   the   Prevention   of Corruption Act on the complaint of the respondent.  There being no prior case against the respondent under the NDPS Act, except these two cases, and the judicial discretion having been exercised, no interference is called for by this Court. 17. It may be noticed that Hashish oil is shown at Sl. No. 13 in the th notification   dated   19   October,   2001   issued   by   the   Central Government in exercise of power under Section 2(viia) and (xxiiia) of the NDPS Act.  Hashish oil above 1 kg is commercial quantity. 18. The jurisdiction of the Court to grant bail is circumscribed by the provisions of Section 37 of the NDPS Act.  It can be granted in case there are reasonable grounds for believing that accused is not guilty of such offence, and that he  is not likely to commit any offence while on bail.  It is the mandate of the legislature which is 9 required to be followed.  At this juncture, a reference to Section 37 of the Act is apposite.  That provision makes the offences under the Act cognizable and non­bailable.  It reads thus:­ “37.  Offences   to   be   cognizable   and   non­bailable .—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974),— ( a ) every offence punishable under this Act shall be cognizable; ( b ) no person accused of an offence punishable for [offences under section 19 or section 24 or section 27A   and   also   for   offences   involving   commercial quantity] shall be released on bail or on his own bond unless— ( i ) the Public Prosecutor has been given an opportunity to oppose the application for such release, and ( iiwhere the Public Prosecutor opposes the   application,   the   court   is   satisfied that   there   are   reasonable   grounds   for believing that he is not guilty of such offence   and   that   he   is   not   likely   to commit any offence while on bail . (2) The limitations on granting of bail specified in clause ( b ) of sub­section (1) are in addition to the limitations under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), or any other law for the time being in force on granting of bail.”  (emphasis supplied) 10 19. This Court has laid down broad parameters to be followed while considering the application for bail moved by the accused involved in offences under NDPS Act.  In  Union of India Vs. Ram Samujh and  Ors.   1999(9)  SCC  429,  it has  been elaborated as under:­ “7.  It is to be borne in mind that the aforesaid legislative mandate   is   required   to   be   adhered   to   and   followed.   It should be borne in mind that in a murder case, the accused commits murder of one or two persons, while those persons who   are   dealing   in   narcotic   drugs   are   instrumental   in causing death or in inflicting death­blow to a number of innocent   young   victims,   who   are   vulnerable;   it   causes deleterious effects and a deadly impact on the society; they are   a   hazard   to   the   society;   even   if   they   are   released temporarily, in all probability, they would continue their nefarious   activities   of   trafficking   and/or   dealing   in intoxicants clandestinely. Reason may be large stake and illegal   profit   involved.   This   Court,   dealing   with   the contention with regard to punishment under the NDPS Act, has succinctly observed about the adverse effect of such activities in  Durand Didier  v.  Chief Secy., Union Territory of Goa  [(1990) 1 SCC 95)] as under: 24. With deep concern, we may point out that the organised   activities   of   the   underworld   and   the clandestine   smuggling   of   narcotic   drugs   and psychotropic   substances   into   this   country   and illegal trafficking in such drugs and substances have   led   to   drug   addiction   among   a   sizeable section of the public, particularly the adolescents and students of both sexes and the menace has assumed serious and alarming proportions in the recent   years.   Therefore,   in   order   to   effectively control   and   eradicate   this   proliferating   and booming devastating menace, causing deleterious effects   and   deadly   impact   on   the   society   as   a 11
whole, Parliament in its wisdom, has made<br>effective provisions by introducing this Act 81 of<br>1985 specifying mandatory minimum<br>imprisonment and fine.
8. To check the menace of dangerous drugs flooding the<br>market, Parliament has provided that the person accused of<br>offences under the NDPS Act should not be released on bail<br>during trial unless the mandatory conditions provided in<br>Section 37, namely,<br>(i) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the<br>accused is not guilty of such offence; and<br>(ii) that he is not likely to commit any offence while<br>on bail are satisfied. The High Court has not given<br>any justifiable reason for not abiding by the<br>aforesaid mandate while ordering the release of<br>the respondent­accused on bail. Instead of<br>attempting to take a holistic view of the harmful<br>socio­economic consequences and health hazards<br>which would accompany trafficking illegally in<br>dangerous drugs, the court should implement the<br>law in the spirit with which Parliament, after due<br>deliberation, has amended.”
20. The scheme of Section 37 reveals that the exercise of power to grant bail is not only subject to the limitations contained under Section 439 of the CrPC, but is also subject to the limitation placed by Section 37 which commences with non­obstante clause.   The operative part of the said section is in the negative form prescribing the enlargement of bail to any person accused of commission of an offence under the Act, unless twin conditions are satisfied.  The first 12 condition is that the prosecution must be given an opportunity to oppose the application; and the second, is that the Court must be satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that he is not guilty of such offence.  If either of these two conditions is not satisfied, the ban for granting bail operates. 21. The expression “reasonable grounds” means something more than prima facie grounds.   It contemplates substantial probable causes for believing that the accused is not guilty of the alleged offence.     The   reasonable   belief   contemplated   in   the   provision requires existence of such facts and circumstances as are sufficient in themselves to justify satisfaction that the accused is not guilty of the alleged offence.  In the case on hand, the High Court seems to have completely overlooked the underlying object of Section 37 that in addition to the limitations provided under the CrPC, or any other law for the time being in force, regulating the grant of bail, its liberal approach in the matter of bail under the NDPS Act is indeed uncalled for. 22. We may further like to observe that the learned Single Judge has failed to record a finding mandated under Section 37 of the 13 NDPS Act which is a  sine qua non  for granting bail to the accused under the NDPS Act. 23. The submission made by learned counsel for the respondents that in Crime No. 14/2018, the bail has been granted to the other accused persons(A­1 to A­4), and no steps have been taken by the prosecution to challenge the grant of post­arrest bail to the other accused   persons,   is   of   no   consequence   for   the   reason   that   the consideration prevailed upon the Court to grant bail to the other accused   persons   will   not   absolve   the   act   of   the   accused respondent(A­5) from the rigour of Section 37 of the NDPS Act.  24. The   further   submission   of   the   learned   counsel   for   the respondents that they have been falsely implicated in Crime No. 19/2018 for the reason that the batchmates of the excise official, Babu Varghese was convicted in the corruption case on the trap being   laid   down   by   the   respondent­Shajimon(A­1)   is   only   a conjecture of self­defence, and no inference could be drawn of false implication, more so when in Crime No. 19/2018 and 14/2018, charge­sheets have been filed after investigation and the matter is listed before the learned trial Judge for framing of the charge where 14 the accused respondents certainly have an opportunity to make their submissions. 25. That   apart,   in   the   application   which   was   filed   before   the learned Single Judge  of the  High Court  by the  appellant  under Section 482 CrPC, the learned Single Judge has also prima facie accepted that error  has  been committed  in  granting  bail to the accused   respondents   as   observed   in   para   16   of   the   impugned judgment as under:­ “  On   going   through   the   orders   granted   on   10.5.2019 allowing bail applications of A1 and A3 on the one hand and th 5  accused on the other hand in NDPS crime Nos. 19/2018 and 14/2018 respectively, I find that the bail was granted by the Court after being cognizant of the principles laid down in Section 37 of the Act whether it ultimately turned rd out to be right or wrong.  May be as regards 3  accused was concerned, order was passed under misconception of facts. Likewise,   the   criminal   antecedents   concerning   the   first accused did not fall to the notice of this Court.  What could at the most be said of the order passed by this Court is that it was erroneous or it did not involve application of mind. But then the question arises is whether the same court could under law reconsider the facts invoking Section 482 of the Code.   I am of the opinion that the remedy of the State lay in challenging the orders of this Court, if it was really aggrieved, before a superior forum and not before the same   court.    Therefore,   accepting   the   argument   of   the learned counsel for the accused, I hold that none of the applications   seeking   to   recall   the   order   of   this   Court   is maintainable under law.”  (emphasis supplied) 15 26. In the result, the appeals are allowed and the impugned order passed   by   the   High   Court   releasing   the   respondents   on   bail   is hereby set aside.   Bail bonds of the accused respondents stand cancelled and they are directed to be taken into custody.  The trial Court is directed to proceed and expedite the trial. 27. Pending application(s), if any, stand disposed of. ……………………………J. (INDU MALHOTRA) ……………………………J. (AJAY RASTOGI) New Delhi January 24, 2020    16