Full Judgment Text
1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6726 OF 2021
[Arising out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.28057 of
2019]
NATIONAL COMPANY, REPRESENTED
BY ITS MANAGING PARTNER ...APPELLANT(S)
VERSUS
THE TERRITORY MANAGER,
BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION
LTD. & ANR. .... RESPONDENT(S)
J U D G M E N T
B.R. GAVAI, J.
1. Leave granted.
2
2. The appellant has approached this Court being
th
aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 19 September,
2019, passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of
Judicature at Madras, in Writ Petition No.16228 of 2014,
thereby denying the prayer made by the appellant for a
direction to the respondents to vacate the property.
3. The facts, in brief, giving rise to the present
appeal, are as under:
The property in question, being the property con
sisting of vacant land situated at Old No.320, New No.469,
Anna Salai, Nandanam, Chennai 600035, admeasuring
6107 sq.ft. (hereinafter referred to as ‘the said premises”)
was leased to the predecessor of the respondent No.1
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (hereinafter referred to
as “the BPCL”), viz., Burmah Shell Oil Storage and Dis
tributing Company of India by the predecessor of the appel
lant, initially for a period of 20 years in the year 1960.
Thereafter, the lease was renewed for another 20 years and
finally for another period of 11 years vide a registered lease
rd
deed dated 23 April, 1999. The said lease period came to
3
st
an end on 31 December, 2009. On the said premises, re
spondent No.1BPCL put up a petrol bunk, which was being
operated by the respondent No.2M/s Vijaya Auto Services,
its licensor.
st
Before the expiry of the lease period, i.e., 31 De
th
cember, 2009, the appellant had issued a notice on 14 Au
gust, 2008 to respondent No.1BPCL, thereby terminating
th
the lease. Thereafter, on 20 May, 2009, the appellant is
sued another notice to respondent No.1BPCL to vacate the
th
said premises. By subsequent notices dated 16 July, 2009
rd
and 3 October, 2009, the appellant reiterated its demand.
Since respondent No.1BPCL neither vacated the
said premises nor took steps to formalize a fresh lease
agreement, the appellant approached the Madras High
Court praying for a direction to the respondents to vacate
the said premises.
It appears that, in the meantime, there were some
attempts to settle the matter, as the respondent No.1BPCL
had shown interest in purchasing the property outright.
However, the same did not fructify.
4
The matter originally was placed before the single
th
judge of the Madras High Court. On 25 April, 2019, the
single judge of the Madras High Court passed the following
order:
“ With regard to maintainable of the writ
petition, in so far as the relief prayed for
in the writ petition, there is conflict of
judgment passed by this Court reported
in 2001(1) CTC l (W.A.No.2302 of
1999, dated 20.10.2000), 2001 (1)
CTC 10 (W.P.No.20061 of 1998, dated
2.12.2000), CDJ 2016 MHC 5023
(W.P.No.29312 of 2014), CDJ 2018
MHC 1772 (W.P.No.14883 of 2015,
dated 22.01.2018) and an unreported
judgment in W.P.No.7432 of 2009,
dated 22.10.2009 on the one hand held
that writ petition is not maintainable, and
the judgment passed by this. Court re
ported in 2005(3) L. W.758
(W.P.No.B,l58 of 2001, dated
19.7.2005), 2005 (3) L.W. 523
(W.P.No.44758 of 2002, dated
21.7.2005 ), 2011 (1) L.W.146
(W.A.No.1767 2003, dated
of
25.11.2010), 2014 (1) MLJ 385 (W.A.
Nos. 630 & 657 of 2011, dated
and unreported judgments
12.12.2013)
passed by this Court in W.A.Nos.1796 &
1893 of 2014 dated 29.8.2008,
W.P.No.13521 of 2002 dated
4.1.2011, W.A. No. 44 of 2000 dated
21.7.2000 and W.A. No.779 of 2008
5
dated 23.10.2008 on the other hand,
writ petition is maintainable.
Registry is
Therefore, directed to place
this writ petition before the Hon'ble Chief
Justice for assigning the writ petition be
fore the appropriate Division Bench, so
as to decide the maintainability of the wit
petition.”
Pursuant to the aforesaid order, as per the
directions of the learned Chief Justice, the matter was
placed before the Division Bench of the High Court.
A preliminary objection was taken regarding the
maintainability of the writ petition on the ground that the
writ petition involved disputed questions of fact and as
such, was not maintainable.
It was, however, contended on behalf of the
appellant that no disputed questions of law or fact arose for
consideration and as such, in view of the law laid down by
this Court, the writ petition was maintainable.
The Division Bench by the impugned judgment
th
and order dated 19 September, 2019, held that the relief
claimed by the appellant for a direction to the respondents
to vacate the said premises could not be granted in a
6
petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India and
relegated the appellant to the alternate remedy available in
law.
The Division Bench in the impugned judgment
referred to the judgment of this Court in the case of C.
1
,
Albert Morris v . K. Chandrasekaran and others
wherein this Court has held that once the lease has expired
and the landlord has declined to renew the lease and where
the owner calls upon the erstwhile tenant to surrender
possession, he could no longer assert any right over the site.
The Division Bench also referred to the judgment
of this Court in the case of
Hindustan Petroleum
2
Corporation Ltd. and another v. Dolly Das , wherein a
similar claim on behalf of the owner of the land was allowed
by this Court in writ jurisdiction.
However, the Division Bench found that the
aforesaid judgments of this Court had not considered the
aspect with regard to protection given to a tenant under the
1 (2006) 1 SCC 228
2 (1999) 4 SCC 450
7
enactments similar to Chennai City Tenants Protection Act,
1921 (hereinafter referred to as “the Tenants Act”).
The Division Bench has also referred to its earlier
judgments in paragraphs 57 and 58 of the impugned
judgment, which read thus:
“57. In Bharat petroleum Corporation
Ltd vs R.Ravikiran 2011 (5) CTC 437, a
division bench of this court while
disposing CRP (NPD), OSA and CMA) held
that oil company was in legal possession
of the subject land. While the actual
physical possession was with the dealers.
The court rejected the claim of the Oil
Companies under section 2(4) (ii) (a) in
view of the decision of the Honourable
Supreme Court in S.R Radhakrishnan vs
(2003) 10 SCC 705.
Neelamegam
58. In the aforesaid case it was held
that actual physical possession was a
sine qua non for claiming the benefit of
section 9 of the Tamil Nadu City Tenants
Protection Act, 1972. However, while
concluding, the court observed that to
come within the definition of section 2(4)
(ii) (a) of the Act, the petroleum company
should be in actual possession of the
land and since they were not in actual
possession, they were not entitled to
protection under section 9 of the Act.
Similar view has been taken in several
other decisions.”
The Division Bench observed thus:
8
“59. This view of the Division Bench of
this court is now subject matter of appeal
in a batch of appeals and Special Leave
Petitions/appeal before the Hon’ble
Supreme Court.”
Thereafter, the Division Bench referred to various
pronouncements of this Court as well as the Madras High
Court and observed that the conduct of the respondent
No.1BPCL was not befitting as an organ of a State.
Thereafter, the Division Bench observed thus:
“72. The remedy that is sought to be
obtained before us is a remedy which can
only be granted by a civil court or by the
commercial courts as the arrangement
between the petitioner and the
respondent arises out of a private
contract entered between them upto
31.12.1999.
73. Under section 3 of the Madras City
Tenants Protection Act, 1921, the 1st
respondent has a right to receive
compensation for the value for building
which may have been erected by them or
by their predecessor in interest and
subject to the Agreement. This
compensation is payable once eviction is
ordered.
74. Likewise, under section 9, a tenant
who is entitled to compensation under
9
section 3 of the Act, against whom
eviction proceeding has been instituted or
proceedings under section 41 of the
Presidency Small Causes Court Act, 1979
has a right to apply for an order of the
court to direct the landlord to sell whole
or part of land for his convenient
enjoyment and the court shall thereafter
fix the price of the minimum extent of the
land to be sold.
75. Therefore, to ask the 1st respondent
to vacate the property without giving the
1st respondent any remedy under the
provisions of the Madras City Tenants
Protection Act, 1921 would amount to by
passing the law and depriving the 1st
respondent of the legal remedy available
to it as per the dictum of the Hon’ble
Supreme Court in Bharat petroleum
Corporation Ltd versus N.R.Vairamani
(2004) 8 SCC 579.
76. We are therefore of the view that in
the present proceeding, the rights of the
1st respondent under Section 9 of the
Act, cannot be ignored. Whether the 1st
respondent to a tenant cannot be
determined here. Since we are not
conducting trial in a writ proceeding, we
cannot suo moto exercise power under
Section 9 of the Act.”
The Division Bench thereafter again referred to
the conduct of the respondent No.1BPCL in continuing to
occupy the said premises without paying any rent thereof.
10
The Division Bench goes on to observe that, “ Though we
st
are perturbed by the conduct of the 1 respondent, we
are unfortunate unable to come to the rescue of the
petitioner in this writ petition in view of the above
.” (emphasis supplied).
discussion
It could thus clearly be seen that, though the
Division Bench found that the claim made in the writ
petition was almost similar to the claim, which was allowed
by it in the case of
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v.
3
R. Ravikiran and others , it denied the relief to the
appellant only on the ground of protection granted under
the Tenants Act and that the view taken by the Madras High
Court in the case of (supra) was pending
R. Ravikiran
before this Court.
We have to examine the correctness of the said
view.
We have heard Shri V. Giri, learned Senior
4.
Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant and Shri
3 2011 (5) CTC 437
11
Kailash Vasdev, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf
of the respondents.
Shri V. Giri, learned Senior Counsel appearing on
5.
behalf of the appellant submits that the issue is no more
res integra . This Court, speaking through a bench of three
judges, in the case of Bharat Petroleum Corporation
4
has
Limited v. R. Chandramouleeswaran and others
held that the tenants would not be entitled to benefit and
rights under the Tenants Act unless they are in actual
physical possession of the building constructed by them. He
submits that, in the present case also, undisputedly, re
spondent No.1BPCL has sublet/leased out the said
premises to the respondent No.2 and as such, it is not in
actual physical possession of the building constructed by it.
He therefore submits that the judgment of this Court in the
case of R. Chandramouleeswaran (supra) squarely applies
to the facts of the present case.
Learned Senior Counsel further submits that in
6.
the present case, no disputed questions of law or facts arise
4 (2020) 11 SCC 718
12
for consideration. As such, the Madras High Court while
exercising its jurisdiction under Article 226 of the
Constitution of India ought to have allowed the writ petition.
He further submits that respondent No.1BPCL is enjoying
the property without paying a single farthing from the date
st
of expiry of lease by efflux of time i.e. 31 December, 2009
and as such, the conduct of the respondent No.1BPCL is
unbecoming of a statutory corporation, which is a State
within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India.
He therefore submits that while allowing the appeal and
directing the respondent No.1BPCL to handover vacant and
peaceful possession of the said premises to the appellant, it
will also be necessary that this Court directs the respondent
st
No.1BPCL to pay market rent from 31 December, 2009 till
the date of delivery of actual physical possession.
7. Shri Kailash Vasdev, learned Senior Counsel
appearing on behalf of the BPCL, on the contrary, submits
that the question as to whether the respondent No.1BPCL
has sublet or leased out the said premises to the
respondent No.2 is a disputed question of fact, which can
13
only be adjudicated upon by the parties before the
appropriate forum. He further submits that the view taken
by this Court in the case of R. Chandramouleeswaran
(supra) is not a correct view in law. He submits that the
perusal of the agreements entered into between the BPCL
with its dealers would show that the possession of the
premises, with all the control, is with the BPCL. The dealer
is only given a right to run the petrol pump. He therefore
submits that the High Court has rightly relegated the
appellant to the alternate remedy available in law.
8. Perusal of the impugned judgment rendered by
the Division Bench would reveal that though an objection
with regard to maintainability of the writ petition on the
ground of alternate remedy was seriously raised by the re
spondent No.1BPCL, the Division Bench was not impressed
much with the said submission. As a matter of fact, the
Division Bench not only referred to the judgment of this
Court in the case of ABL International Ltd. and another
v. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd.
14
5
and others but also emboldened the following observations
of this Court while reproducing paragraph 19 of the said
judgment, which reads thus:
“
19. Therefore, it is clear from the
above enunciation of law that merely
because one of the parties to the
litigation raises a dispute in regard to
the facts of the case, the court
entertaining such petition under
Article 226 of the Constitution is not
always bound to relegate the parties to
a suit.”
9. The Division Bench also referred to the judgment
of this Court in the case of Dolly Das (supra), wherein this
Court held that in similar facts, appellants therein were
justified in approaching the writ Court under Article 226 of
the Constitution of India and directed the HPCL to handover
vacant possession and pay the monthly rent.
10. It is to be noted, as has been noted by the High
Court, that the Division Bench of the same High Court in its
decision in the case of R. Ravikiran (supra) had held that
oil company was in legal possession of the subject land,
5 (2004) 3 SCC 553
15
while the actual physical possession was with the dealers.
The Division Bench specifically rejected the claim made by
the oil company under Section 2(4) (ii) (a) of the Tenants
Act, in view of the judgment of this Court in case of
S.R.
6
Radhakrishnan and others v. Neelamegam .
11. Having noted that to get the benefit under Section
9 of the Tamil Nadu City Tenants Protection Act, 1972, the
petroleum company should be in actual possession of the
land and since they were not in actual possession, they
were not entitled to protection under Section 9 of the
Tenants Act, the Division Bench in the impugned judgment
stopped at granting relief in favour of the appellant only on
the ground that the view of the Division Bench in
R.
Ravikiran (supra) was subject matter of appeal in a batch
of Special Leave Petitions/Appeals pending before this
Court.
12. It could thus clearly be seen that the Division
Bench itself did not find much favour with the arguments
advanced on behalf of the respondent No.1BPCL with
6 (2003) 10 SCC 705
16
regard to nonexercise of jurisdiction under Article 226 of
the Constitution of India on the ground of availability of
alternate remedy and declined the relief only on the ground
that the view taken by the other Division Bench in the case
of (supra) and other matters, was pending
R. Ravikiran
consideration before this Court in a batch of appeals and
Special Leave Petitions.
13. The said impediment is now no more in existence.
The view taken by the Division Bench in the case of
R.
Ravikiran (supra) has been upheld by a Bench of three
judges of this Court in the case of
R.
Chandramouleeswaran (supra).
It will be relevant to refer to the following
14.
observations of this Court in the case of R.
(supra):
Chandramouleeswaran
“ 17. A Division Bench of this Court vide
order dated 3122009 in Bharat Petro
leum Corpn. Ltd. v. Nirmala [ Bharat Petro
leum Corpn. Ltd. v. Nirmala , (2020) 11
SCC 738] and other connected matters
while interpreting subclause ( b ) to Sec
17
| tion 2(4)(ii) has held that the expression<br>“actual physical possession of land and<br>building” would mean and require the<br>tenant to be in actual physical posses<br>sion. The provisions would not be appli<br>cable if the tenant is not in actual physi<br>cal possession and has given the<br>premises on lease or licence basis to a<br>third party. The Court, however, did not<br>give any finding on the question whether<br>such benefit is available to the appellant<br>under Section 2(4)(i) or Section 2(4)(ii)(a).<br>We are reproducing the relevant portion<br>of the order which reads as under: (SCC<br>pp. 74042, paras 710 & 1314) | |
|---|---|
| ‘7. As regards subclause (b) of Sec<br>tion 2(4), we do not agree with the con<br>tention of Mr Nariman. On a plain<br>reading of subclause (b) we notice that<br>it uses the words “actual physical pos<br>session”. Had the word “possession”<br>alone been used in clause (b), as has<br>been done in clause (a), the legal posi<br>tion may have been different. However,<br>the words “actual physical possession”<br>are strong and emphatic. That means<br>that the factual state of affairs has to<br>be seen, not the legal or deemed state<br>of affairs. There is no doubt that the<br>appellant had handed over possession<br>to his licensee/agent who was in ac<br>tual physical possession of the suit<br>premises. When a statute uses strong<br>and emphatic words, we cannot twist<br>or give a strained interpretation to the<br>said words. The literal rule of interpre |
18
tation is the first rule of interpretation
which means that if the meaning of a
statute is plain and clear then it
should not be given a twisted or
strained meaning. We will be giving a
strained and artificial interpretation to
the words “actual physical possession”
if we say that the appellant is deemed
to be in actual physical possession. We
cannot give such an interpretation to
subclause ( b ) of Section 2(4) of the Act
particularly since clause ( a ) only uses
the word “possession” and not “actual
physical possession”. Hence, we reject
the contention of Mr R.F. Nariman,
learned counsel appearing for the ap
pellant and hold that the appellant was
not in actual physical possession.
8 . The Preamble of the Act makes it
clear that the Act applies where super
structure is constructed on the land,
which is leased. Hence, the submission
that clause ( a ) applies when there is no
superstructure erected on the vacant
land which was leased is not correct.
In fact, the Act was meant to give some
protection to leased land on which the
tenant constructed some superstruc
ture.
9 . As regards the submission of Mr
Nariman that the appellant is entitled
to the benefit of subclause ( a ) of Sec
tions 2(4) of the Act, it appears that
this aspect has not been considered by
the High Court. In our opinion, the
High Court should have considered
19
whether the appellant is entitled to the
benefit of Section 2(4)( i ) and sub
clause ( a ) of Section 2(4)( ii ) of the Act.
10 . We are not expressing any final
opinion on the question whether the
appellant is entitled to the benefit of
Sections 2(4)( i ) and 2(4)( ii )( a ) of the Act
as in our opinion it was incumbent
upon the High Court to have recorded
a finding on the said issue. Therefore,
we set aside the impugned judgment
and order [ Bharat Petroleum Corpn.
Ltd. v. M. Nirmala , CRP (NPD) No. 1815
of 2002, order dated 2582005 (Mad)]
of the High Court and remand the mat
ter back to the Division Bench of the
High Court to record a finding on the
question whether the appellant is enti
tled to the benefit of Section 2(4)( i ) and
subclause ( a ) of Section 2(4)( ii ) of the
Act. Needless to mention, that the Divi
sion Bench of the High Court shall de
cide the said question in accordance
with law and uninfluenced by any ob
servation made by us in this order ex
cept the finding that the appellant is
not covered by subclause ( b ) of Sec
tion 2(4) of the Act. We make it clear
that we are not expressing any opinion
of our own on the other issue. We hope
and trust that the Division Bench of
the High Court will dispose of the case
expeditiously and preferably within a
period of six months from the date a
copy of this order is produced before it.
*
20
13 . We are further of the opinion
that where the lessee is in actual phys
ical possession of the land over which
he has made construction then he is
entitled to an additional benefit given
by Section 9(1)( a )( ii ) of the Act. How
ever, if the lessee who has made con
struction on the land let out to him but
was not subsequently in possession of
the same, as is the case of the appel
lants in the present cases, then he is
not entitled to the benefit of Section
9(1)( a )( ii ) though he may be entitled to
the benefit of Section 9(1)( a )( i ). These
are the questions on which the Divi
sion Bench of the High Court will
record a finding.
14 . Therefore, we set aside the im
pugned judgments and orders of the
High Court and remand the matter
back to the Division Bench of the High
Court to record a finding on the ques
tion whether the appellant is covered
by Section 2(4)( i ) and subclause ( a ) of
Section 2(4)( ii ) of the Act and is entitled
to the benefit of Section 9(1). Needless
to mention, the Division Bench of the
High Court shall decide the said ques
tion in accordance with law and unin
fluenced by any observation made by
us in this order except our finding
about clause ( b ) of Section 2(4). We
make it clear that we are not express
ing any opinion of our own on other is
sues. We hope and trust that the Divi
sion Bench of the High Court will dis
21
| pose of these cases expeditiously and<br>preferably within a period of six<br>months from the date a copy of this or<br>der is produced before it.’ | |
|---|---|
| 18. Thus, while interpreting subclause<br>(b) to Section 2(4)(ii), this Court has<br>held that the expression “actual physi<br>cal possession of land and building”<br>would mean and require the tenant to<br>be in actual possession and subclause<br>(b) would not apply if the tenant has<br>sublet the building or has given the<br>premises on leave and licence basis.<br>The aforesaid decision would operate<br>as res judicata in the case of the appel<br>lant and the landlords who were par<br>ties to the decision. In other cases, it<br>would operate as a binding precedent<br>under Article 141 of the Constitution.” | |
| [emphasis supplied] |
It could thus be seen that this Court in the case
15.
of R. Chandramouleeswaran (supra) has held that this
Court in the case of
Bharat Petroleum Corporation
7
Ltd. v. Nirmala and others and other connected matters,
while interpreting the expression “actual physical posses
sion of land and building” would mean and require the ten
ant to be in actual physical possession and subclause (b)
7 (2020) 11 SCC 738
22
would not apply if the tenant has sublet the building or has
given the premises on leave and licence basis. It further
held that the aforesaid decision would operate as res judi
cata in the case of the appellant and the landlords who were
parties to the said decision. It further held that in other
cases, it would operate as a binding precedent under Article
141 of the Constitution of India. Not only that, but this
Court made the position amply clear in the concluding para
graph 28, which reads thus:
“28. Recording the aforesaid position, we
dismiss the present appeals by the appel
lant, that is, the three petroleum compa
nies, and uphold the orders passed by
the High Court that the appellant tenants
would not be entitled to the benefit and
rights under the Act unless they are in
actual physical possession of the building
constructed by them. In other words, in
case the appellants have let out or
sublet the building or given it to third
parties, including dealers or li
censees, they would not be entitled to
.”
protection and benefit under the Act
[emphasis supplied]
16. This Court has upheld the orders passed by the
High Court that the appellant tenants would not be entitled
23
to the benefit and rights under the Tenants Act unless they
are in actual physical possession of the building
constructed by them. The position is amply made clear by
observing that in case the appellants have let out or sublet
the building or given it to third parties, including dealers or
licensees, they would not be entitled to protection and
benefit under the Tenants Act.
17. Though Shri Kailash Vasdev, learned Senior
Counsel, attempted to assail the correctness of the said
judgment, such an exercise is not permissible in law. The
said judgment of this Court in the case of
R.
Chandramouleeswaran (supra) is delivered by a Bench
consisting of three judges and we are bound by the view
taken therein.
18. We have perused the agreement between the re
spondent No.1BPCL and the respondent No.2 herein. Shri
Kailash Vasdev, learned Senior Counsel, fairly concedes
that all the agreements between the respondent No.1BPCL
and its dealers are identical. As such, when a Bench of
24
three judges of this Court in the case of R.
Chandramouleeswaran (supra), while considering a
similar agreement between the appellantBPCL and the
dealer, has held that since the appellant tenant was not in
actual physical possession, it was not entitled to the
protection under the Tenants Act, the said view is bound
even in the facts of the present case.
19. In the result, we find that the view taken by the
High Court, thereby relegating the appellant to the alternate
remedy available in law, is not sustainable.
20. As observed by the High Court, the conduct of the
respondent No.1BPCL in continuing with the occupation of
st
the said premises without paying any rent from 31
December, 2009 is unbecoming of a statutory corporation,
which is a State within the meaning of Article 12 of the
Constitution of India. We therefore find that while directing
the respondents to vacate the said premises and handover
peaceful and vacant possession to the appellant, it will also
be necessary in the interests of justice to direct the
respondent No.1BPCL to pay arrears of market rent from
25
st
31 December, 2009, till the date of delivery of possession
at the market rate.
In the result, the appeal is allowed in the
21.
following terms:
(i) The respondent No.1BPCL is directed to vacate and
handover peaceful and vacant possession of the said
premises to the appellant within a period of three
months from today.
(ii) The respondent No.1BPCL is directed to pay
st
arrears of market rent to the appellant from 31
December, 2009 till the date of handing over of
possession.
22. We postpone the issue of determination of market
rent for a period of three weeks from today. The appellant
as well as the respondents shall file their written
submissions with regard to the market rent with supporting
documents within a period of two weeks from today.
23. The respondent No.1BPCL shall also pay costs,
quantified at Rs.1,00,000/ (Rupees One lakh only) to the
appellant.
26
24. The appeal is disposed of in the above terms.
Pending applications, if any, shall stand disposed of.
…….…....................., J.
[L. NAGESWARA RAO]
…….…....................., J.
[B.R. GAVAI]
NEW DELHI;
NOVEMBER 11, 2021