NATIONAL COMPANY vs. THE TERRITORY MANAGER BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 11-11-2021

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Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION  CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6726 OF 2021 [Arising out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.28057 of 2019] NATIONAL COMPANY, REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGING PARTNER ...APPELLANT(S) VERSUS THE TERRITORY MANAGER, BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION  LTD. & ANR.         .... RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T  B.R. GAVAI, J.  1. Leave granted. 2 2. The appellant has approached this Court being th aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 19  September, 2019, passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature at Madras, in Writ Petition No.16228 of 2014, thereby   denying  the   prayer   made   by   the   appellant  for  a direction to the respondents to vacate the property.   3. The   facts,   in   brief,   giving   rise   to   the   present appeal, are as under: The property in question, being the property con­ sisting of vacant land situated at Old No.320, New No.469, Anna   Salai,   Nandanam,   Chennai   600035,   admeasuring 6107 sq.ft. (hereinafter referred to as ‘the said premises”) was   leased   to   the   predecessor   of   the   respondent   No.1­ Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “the  BPCL”), viz., Burmah Shell Oil Storage  and Dis­ tributing Company of India by the predecessor of the appel­ lant, initially  for a period  of  20 years in the year 1960. Thereafter, the lease was renewed for another 20 years and finally for another period of 11 years vide a registered lease rd deed dated 23  April, 1999.  The said lease period came to 3 st an end on 31  December, 2009.  On the said premises, re­ spondent No.1­BPCL put up a petrol bunk, which was being operated by the respondent No.2­M/s Vijaya Auto Services, its licensor.  st Before the expiry of the lease period, i.e., 31  De­ th cember, 2009, the appellant had issued a notice on 14  Au­ gust, 2008 to respondent No.1­BPCL, thereby terminating th the lease.  Thereafter, on 20  May, 2009, the appellant is­ sued another notice to respondent No.1­BPCL to vacate the th said premises. By subsequent notices dated 16  July, 2009 rd and 3  October, 2009, the appellant reiterated its demand.   Since respondent No.1­BPCL neither vacated the said   premises   nor   took   steps   to   formalize   a   fresh   lease agreement,   the   appellant   approached   the   Madras   High Court praying for a direction to the respondents to vacate the said premises.  It appears that, in the meantime, there were some attempts to settle the matter, as the respondent No.1­BPCL had   shown   interest   in   purchasing   the   property   outright. However, the same did not fructify.   4 The matter originally was placed before the single th judge of the Madras High Court.  On 25  April, 2019, the single judge of the Madras High Court passed the following order: “ With regard to maintainable of the writ petition, in so far as the relief prayed for in   the   writ   petition,   there   is   conflict   of judgment passed by this Court reported in   2001(1)   CTC   l   (W.A.No.2302   of 1999,   dated   20.10.2000),   2001   (1) CTC 10 (W.P.No.20061 of 1998, dated 2.12.2000),   CDJ   2016   MHC   5023 (W.P.No.29312   of   2014),   CDJ   2018 MHC   1772   (W.P.No.14883   of   2015, dated 22.01.2018)   and an unreported judgment   in   W.P.No.7432   of   2009, dated 22.10.2009  on the one hand held that writ petition  is  not maintainable, and the judgment passed by this. Court re­ ported   in   2005(3)  L.  W.758 (W.P.No.B,l58   of   2001,   dated 19.7.2005),   2005   (3)   L.W.   523 (W.P.No.44758   of   2002,   dated 21.7.2005 ),   2011   (1)   L.W.146 (W.A.No.1767   2003,   dated of     25.11.2010), 2014 (1) MLJ 385 (W.A. Nos.   630   &   657   of   2011,   dated and unreported judgments 12.12.2013)   passed by this Court in  W.A.Nos.1796  & 1893   of   2014   dated   29.8.2008, W.P.No.13521   of   2002   dated 4.1.2011, W.A. No. 44 of  2000  dated 21.7.2000 and W.A. No.779 of 2008 5 dated 23.10.2008   on the other hand, writ petition  is  maintainable. Registry  is   Therefore,   directed   to   place this writ petition before the Hon'ble Chief Justice for assigning the  writ petition be­ fore the appropriate Division   Bench,   so as to decide the maintainability of the wit petition.” Pursuant   to   the   aforesaid   order,   as   per   the directions   of   the   learned   Chief   Justice,   the   matter   was placed before the Division Bench of the High Court. A preliminary objection was taken regarding the maintainability of the writ petition on the ground that the writ   petition   involved   disputed   questions   of   fact   and   as such, was not maintainable.  It   was,   however,   contended   on   behalf   of   the appellant that no disputed questions of law or fact arose for consideration and as such, in view of the law laid down by this Court, the writ petition was maintainable.   The Division Bench by the impugned judgment th and order dated 19   September, 2019, held that the relief claimed by the appellant for a direction to the respondents to   vacate   the   said   premises   could   not   be   granted   in   a 6 petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India and relegated the appellant to the alternate remedy available in law.  The Division Bench in the impugned judgment referred to the judgment of this Court in the case of   C. 1 , Albert   Morris   v .   K.   Chandrasekaran   and   others wherein this Court has held that once the lease has expired and the landlord has declined to renew the lease and where the   owner   calls   upon   the   erstwhile   tenant   to   surrender possession, he could no longer assert any right over the site. The Division Bench also referred to the judgment of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   Hindustan   Petroleum 2 Corporation Ltd. and another v. Dolly Das , wherein a similar claim on behalf of the owner of the land was allowed by this Court in writ jurisdiction.   However,   the   Division   Bench   found   that   the aforesaid judgments of this Court had not considered the aspect with regard to protection given to a tenant under the 1 (2006) 1 SCC 228 2 (1999) 4 SCC 450 7 enactments similar to Chennai City Tenants Protection Act, 1921 (hereinafter referred to as “the Tenants Act”).  The Division Bench has also referred to its earlier judgments   in   paragraphs   57   and   58   of   the   impugned judgment, which read thus:  “57. In   Bharat   petroleum   Corporation Ltd vs R.Ravikiran 2011 (5) CTC 437, a division   bench   of   this   court   while disposing CRP (NPD), OSA and CMA) held that oil company was in legal possession of   the   subject   land.   While   the   actual physical possession was with the dealers. The  court  rejected  the   claim   of  the   Oil Companies under section 2(4) (ii) (a) in view   of   the   decision   of   the   Honourable Supreme Court in  S.R Radhakrishnan  vs  (2003) 10 SCC 705.  Neelamegam 58. In   the   aforesaid   case   it   was   held that actual physical possession was     a sine qua non for claiming the benefit of section 9 of the Tamil Nadu City Tenants Protection   Act,   1972.   However,   while concluding,   the   court   observed   that   to come within the definition of section 2(4) (ii) (a) of the Act, the petroleum company should   be   in   actual   possession   of   the land and since they were not in actual possession,   they   were   not   entitled   to protection   under   section   9   of   the   Act. Similar  view  has   been  taken  in   several other decisions.” The Division Bench observed thus: 8 “59. This view of the Division Bench of this court is now subject matter of appeal in a batch of appeals and Special Leave Petitions/appeal   before   the   Hon’ble Supreme Court.” Thereafter, the Division Bench referred to various pronouncements of this Court as well as the Madras High Court   and   observed   that   the   conduct   of   the   respondent No.1­BPCL   was   not   befitting   as   an   organ   of   a   State. Thereafter, the Division Bench observed thus: “72. The   remedy   that   is   sought   to   be obtained before us is a remedy which can only be granted by a civil court or by the commercial   courts   as   the   arrangement between   the   petitioner   and   the respondent   arises   out   of   a   private contract   entered   between   them   upto 31.12.1999. 73. Under section 3 of the Madras City Tenants   Protection   Act,   1921,   the   1st respondent   has   a   right   to   receive compensation for the value for building which may have been erected by them or by   their   predecessor   in   interest   and subject   to   the   Agreement.   This compensation is payable once eviction is ordered.  74. Likewise, under section 9, a tenant who   is   entitled   to   compensation   under 9 section   3   of   the   Act,   against   whom eviction proceeding has been instituted or proceedings   under   section   41   of   the Presidency Small Causes Court Act, 1979 has a right to apply for an order of the court to direct the landlord to sell whole or   part   of   land   for   his   convenient enjoyment and the court shall thereafter fix the price of the minimum extent of the land to be sold. 75. Therefore, to ask the 1st respondent to vacate the property without giving the 1st   respondent   any   remedy   under   the provisions   of   the   Madras   City   Tenants Protection Act, 1921 would amount to by­ passing   the   law   and   depriving   the   1st respondent of the legal remedy available to   it   as   per   the   dictum   of   the   Hon’ble Supreme   Court   in   Bharat   petroleum Corporation   Ltd   versus   N.R.Vairamani (2004) 8 SCC 579.  76. We are therefore of the view that in the present proceeding, the rights of the 1st   respondent   under   Section   9   of   the Act, cannot be ignored. Whether the 1st respondent   to   a   tenant   cannot   be determined   here.   Since   we   are   not conducting trial in a writ proceeding, we cannot   suo   moto   exercise   power   under Section 9 of the Act.” The Division Bench thereafter again referred to the conduct of the respondent No.1­BPCL in continuing to occupy the said premises without paying any rent thereof. 10 The Division Bench goes on to observe that, “ Though we st are perturbed by the conduct of the 1  respondent, we are unfortunate unable to come to the rescue of the petitioner   in   this   writ   petition   in   view   of   the   above .” (emphasis supplied). discussion It could  thus   clearly   be   seen  that,   though   the Division   Bench   found   that   the   claim   made   in   the   writ petition was almost similar to the claim, which was allowed by it in the case of  Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. 3 R.   Ravikiran   and   others ,   it   denied   the   relief   to   the appellant only on the ground of protection granted under the Tenants Act and that the view taken by the Madras High Court  in   the   case   of   (supra)  was   pending R.   Ravikiran   before this Court.  We have to examine the correctness of the said view.  We   have   heard   Shri   V.   Giri,   learned   Senior 4. Counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   appellant   and   Shri 3 2011 (5) CTC 437 11 Kailash Vasdev, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents.  Shri V. Giri, learned Senior Counsel appearing on 5. behalf of the appellant submits that the issue is no more res integra .  This Court, speaking through a bench of three judges,   in   the   case   of   Bharat   Petroleum   Corporation 4   has Limited  v.   R.  Chandramouleeswaran  and  others held that the tenants would not be entitled to benefit and rights   under   the   Tenants   Act   unless   they   are   in   actual physical possession of the building constructed by them. He submits that, in the present case also, undisputedly,  re­ spondent   No.1­BPCL  has   sub­let/leased   out   the   said premises to the respondent No.2 and as such, it is not in actual physical possession of the building constructed by it. He therefore submits that the judgment of this Court in the case of  R. Chandramouleeswaran  (supra) squarely applies to the facts of the present case.  Learned Senior Counsel further submits that in 6. the present case, no disputed questions of law or facts arise 4 (2020) 11 SCC 718 12 for consideration.   As such, the Madras High Court while exercising   its   jurisdiction   under   Article   226   of   the Constitution of India ought to have allowed the writ petition. He further submits that respondent No.1­BPCL is enjoying the property without paying a single farthing from the date st of expiry of lease by efflux of time i.e. 31  December, 2009 and as such, the conduct of the  respondent No.1­BPCL  is unbecoming   of   a  statutory   corporation,  which  is   a  State within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India. He therefore submits that while allowing the appeal and directing the respondent No.1­BPCL to handover vacant and peaceful possession of the said premises to the appellant, it will also be necessary that this Court directs the respondent st No.1­BPCL to pay market rent from 31  December, 2009 till the date of delivery of actual physical possession.  7. Shri   Kailash   Vasdev,   learned   Senior   Counsel appearing on behalf of the BPCL, on the contrary, submits that the question as to whether the respondent No.1­BPCL has   sub­let   or   leased   out   the   said   premises   to   the respondent No.2 is a disputed question of fact, which can 13 only   be   adjudicated   upon   by   the   parties  before   the appropriate forum.  He further submits that the view taken by this Court in the case of   R. Chandramouleeswaran (supra) is not a correct view in law.   He submits that the perusal of the agreements entered into between the BPCL with   its   dealers   would   show   that   the   possession   of   the premises, with all the control, is with the BPCL.  The dealer is only given a right to run the petrol pump.  He therefore submits   that   the   High   Court   has   rightly   relegated  the appellant to the alternate remedy available in law. 8. Perusal of the impugned judgment rendered by the Division Bench would reveal that though an objection with regard to maintainability of the writ petition on the ground of alternate remedy was seriously raised by the re­ spondent No.1­BPCL, the Division Bench was not impressed much with the said submission.   As a matter of fact, the Division Bench not only referred to the judgment of this Court in the case of  ABL International Ltd. and another v. Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd. 14 5 and others   but also   emboldened the following observations of this Court while reproducing paragraph 19 of the said judgment, which reads thus: “ 19.  Therefore,   it   is   clear   from   the above enunciation of law that merely because   one   of   the   parties   to   the litigation raises a dispute in regard to the   facts   of   the   case,   the   court entertaining   such   petition   under Article 226 of the Constitution is not always bound to relegate the parties to a suit.” 9. The Division Bench also referred to the judgment of this Court in the case of  Dolly Das  (supra), wherein this Court  held  that  in similar  facts,  appellants   therein   were justified in approaching the writ Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India and directed the HPCL   to handover vacant possession and pay the monthly rent.  10. It is to be noted, as has been noted by the High Court, that the Division Bench of the same High Court in its decision in the case of  R. Ravikiran  (supra) had held that oil company was in legal possession of the subject land, 5 (2004) 3 SCC 553 15 while the actual physical possession was with the dealers. The Division Bench specifically rejected the claim made by the oil company under Section 2(4) (ii) (a) of the Tenants Act,  in view of the judgment of this Court in case of   S.R. 6 Radhakrishnan and others v. Neelamegam .   11. Having noted that to get the benefit under Section 9 of the Tamil Nadu City Tenants Protection Act, 1972, the petroleum company should be in actual possession of the land and since they were not in actual possession, they were   not   entitled   to   protection   under   Section   9   of   the Tenants Act, the Division Bench in the impugned judgment stopped at granting relief in favour of the appellant only on the   ground   that   the   view   of   the   Division   Bench   in   R. Ravikiran  (supra) was subject matter of appeal in a batch of   Special   Leave   Petitions/Appeals   pending   before   this Court.  12. It could thus clearly be seen that the Division Bench itself did not find much favour with the arguments advanced   on   behalf   of   the  respondent   No.1­BPCL    with 6 (2003) 10 SCC 705 16 regard to non­exercise of jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India on the ground of availability of alternate remedy and declined the relief only on the ground that the view taken by the other Division Bench in the case of     (supra) and other matters, was pending R. Ravikiran consideration before this Court in a batch of appeals and Special Leave Petitions.   13. The said impediment is now no more in existence. The view taken by the Division Bench in the case of   R. Ravikiran   (supra) has been upheld by a Bench of three judges   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   R. Chandramouleeswaran  (supra).  It   will   be   relevant   to   refer   to   the   following 14. observations   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   R. (supra): Chandramouleeswaran   17.  A Division Bench of this Court vide order   dated   3­12­2009   in  Bharat   Petro­ leum Corpn. Ltd.  v.  Nirmala  [ Bharat Petro­ leum   Corpn.   Ltd.  v.  Nirmala ,   (2020)   11 SCC   738]  and   other   connected   matters while interpreting sub­clause ( b ) to Sec­ 17
tion 2(4)(ii) has held that the expression<br>“actual physical possession of land and<br>building” would mean and require the<br>tenant to be in actual physical posses­<br>sion. The provisions would not be appli­<br>cable if the tenant is not in actual physi­<br>cal possession and has given the<br>premises on lease or licence basis to a<br>third party. The Court, however, did not<br>give any finding on the question whether<br>such benefit is available to the appellant<br>under Section 2(4)(i) or Section 2(4)(ii)(a).<br>We are reproducing the relevant portion<br>of the order which reads as under: (SCC<br>pp. 740­42, paras 7­10 & 13­14)
‘7. As regards sub­clause (b) of Sec­<br>tion 2(4), we do not agree with the con­<br>tention of Mr Nariman. On a plain<br>reading of sub­clause (b) we notice that<br>it uses the words “actual physical pos­<br>session”. Had the word “possession”<br>alone been used in clause (b), as has<br>been done in clause (a), the legal posi­<br>tion may have been different. However,<br>the words “actual physical possession”<br>are strong and emphatic. That means<br>that the factual state of affairs has to<br>be seen, not the legal or deemed state<br>of affairs. There is no doubt that the<br>appellant had handed over possession<br>to his licensee/agent who was in ac­<br>tual physical possession of the suit<br>premises. When a statute uses strong<br>and emphatic words, we cannot twist<br>or give a strained interpretation to the<br>said words. The literal rule of interpre­
18 tation is the first rule of interpretation which means that if the meaning of a statute   is   plain   and   clear   then   it should   not   be   given   a   twisted   or strained meaning. We will be giving a strained and artificial interpretation to the words “actual physical possession” if we say that the appellant is deemed to be in actual physical possession. We cannot give such an interpretation to sub­clause ( b ) of Section 2(4) of the Act particularly since clause ( a ) only uses the word “possession” and not “actual physical possession”. Hence, we reject the   contention   of   Mr   R.F.   Nariman, learned counsel appearing for the ap­ pellant and hold that the appellant was not in actual physical possession. 8 . The Preamble of the Act makes it clear that the Act applies where super­ structure is constructed on the land, which is leased. Hence, the submission that clause ( a ) applies when there is no superstructure erected on the vacant land which was leased is not correct. In fact, the Act was meant to give some protection to leased land on which the tenant   constructed   some   superstruc­ ture. 9 . As regards the submission of Mr Nariman that the appellant is entitled to the benefit of sub­clause ( a ) of Sec­ tions 2(4) of the Act, it appears that this aspect has not been considered by the   High   Court.   In   our   opinion,   the High   Court   should   have   considered 19 whether the appellant is entitled to the benefit   of   Section   2(4)( i )   and   sub­ clause ( a ) of Section 2(4)( ii ) of the Act. 10 . We are not expressing any final opinion  on  the   question   whether   the appellant is entitled to the benefit of Sections 2(4)( i ) and 2(4)( ii )( a ) of the Act as   in   our   opinion   it   was   incumbent upon the High Court to have recorded a finding on the said issue. Therefore, we set aside the impugned judgment and   order   [ Bharat   Petroleum   Corpn. Ltd.  v.  M. Nirmala , CRP (NPD) No. 1815 of 2002, order dated 25­8­2005 (Mad)] of the High Court and remand the mat­ ter back to the Division Bench of the High Court to record a finding on the question whether the appellant is enti­ tled to the benefit of Section 2(4)( i ) and sub­clause ( a ) of Section 2(4)( ii ) of the Act. Needless to mention, that the Divi­ sion Bench of the High Court shall de­ cide  the  said  question in accordance with law and uninfluenced by any ob­ servation made by us in this order ex­ cept the finding that the appellant is not covered by sub­clause ( b ) of Sec­ tion 2(4) of the Act. We make it clear that we are not expressing any opinion of our own on the other issue. We hope and trust that the Division Bench of the High Court will dispose of the case expeditiously and  preferably within  a period of six months from the date a copy of this order is produced before it. * 20 13 .   We   are   further   of   the   opinion that where the lessee is in actual phys­ ical possession of the land over which he has made construction then he is entitled to an additional benefit given by Section 9(1)( a )( ii ) of the Act. How­ ever, if the lessee who has made con­ struction on the land let out to him but was not subsequently in possession of the same, as is the case of the appel­ lants in the present cases, then he is not  entitled   to  the  benefit  of  Section 9(1)( a )( ii ) though he may be entitled to the benefit of Section 9(1)( a )( i ). These are the questions on which the Divi­ sion   Bench   of   the   High   Court   will record a finding. 14 . Therefore, we set aside the im­ pugned  judgments   and  orders   of  the High   Court   and   remand   the   matter back to the Division Bench of the High Court to record a finding on the ques­ tion whether the appellant is covered by Section 2(4)( i ) and sub­clause ( a ) of Section 2(4)( ii ) of the Act and is entitled to the benefit of Section 9(1). Needless to mention, the Division Bench of the High Court shall decide the said ques­ tion in accordance with law and unin­ fluenced by any observation made by us   in   this   order   except   our   finding about   clause   ( b )   of   Section   2(4).   We make it clear that we are not express­ ing any opinion of our own on other is­ sues. We hope and trust that the Divi­ sion Bench of the High Court will dis­ 21
pose of these cases expeditiously and<br>preferably within a period of six<br>months from the date a copy of this or­<br>der is produced before it.’
18. Thus, while interpreting sub­clause<br>(b) to Section 2(4)(ii), this Court has<br>held that the expression “actual physi­<br>cal possession of land and building”<br>would mean and require the tenant to<br>be in actual possession and sub­clause<br>(b) would not apply if the tenant has<br>sub­let the building or has given the<br>premises on leave and licence basis.<br>The aforesaid decision would operate<br>as res judicata in the case of the appel­<br>lant and the landlords who were par­<br>ties to the decision. In other cases, it<br>would operate as a binding precedent<br>under Article 141 of the Constitution.”
[emphasis supplied]
It could thus be seen that this Court in the case 15. of   R. Chandramouleeswaran   (supra)  has held that this Court   in   the   case   of   Bharat   Petroleum   Corporation 7 Ltd.   v.    Nirmala and others   and other connected matters, while interpreting the expression “actual physical posses­ sion of land and building” would mean and require the ten­ ant to be in actual physical possession and sub­clause (b) 7 (2020) 11 SCC 738 22 would not apply if the tenant has sub­let the building or has given the premises on leave and licence basis.   It further held that the aforesaid decision would operate as res judi­ cata in the case of the appellant and the landlords who were parties to the said decision. It further held that in other cases, it would operate as a binding precedent under Article 141 of the Constitution of India.   Not only that, but this Court made the position amply clear in the concluding para­ graph 28, which reads thus: “28.  Recording the aforesaid position, we dismiss the present appeals by the appel­ lant, that is, the three petroleum compa­ nies,   and   uphold   the   orders   passed   by the High Court that the appellant tenants would not be entitled to the benefit and rights under the Act unless they are in actual physical possession of the building constructed by them.  In other words, in case   the   appellants   have   let   out   or sub­let the building or given it to third parties,   including   dealers   or   li­ censees, they would not be entitled to .” protection and benefit under the Act [emphasis supplied] 16. This Court has upheld the orders passed by the High Court that the appellant tenants would not be entitled 23 to the benefit and rights under the Tenants Act unless they are   in   actual   physical   possession   of   the   building constructed by them.  The position is amply made clear by observing that in case the appellants have let out or sub­let the building or given it to third parties, including dealers or licensees,   they   would   not   be   entitled   to   protection   and benefit under the Tenants Act.  17. Though   Shri   Kailash   Vasdev,   learned   Senior Counsel,   attempted   to   assail   the   correctness   of   the   said judgment, such an exercise is not permissible in law. The said   judgment   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   R. Chandramouleeswaran   (supra)   is   delivered   by   a   Bench consisting of three judges and we are bound by the view taken therein.   18. We have perused the agreement between the re­ spondent No.1­BPCL and the respondent No.2 herein.  Shri Kailash   Vasdev,  learned   Senior   Counsel,   fairly   concedes that all the agreements between the respondent No.1­BPCL and its dealers are identical. As such, when a Bench of 24 three   judges   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   R. Chandramouleeswaran   (supra),  while   considering   a similar   agreement   between   the   appellant­BPCL   and   the dealer, has held that since the appellant tenant was not in actual   physical   possession,   it   was   not   entitled   to   the protection under the Tenants Act, the said view is bound even in the facts of the present case.   19. In the result, we find that the view taken by the High Court, thereby relegating the appellant to the alternate remedy available in law, is not sustainable. 20. As observed by the High Court, the conduct of the respondent No.1­BPCL in continuing with the occupation of st the   said   premises   without   paying   any   rent   from   31 December, 2009 is unbecoming of a statutory corporation, which is a State within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India.  We therefore find that while directing the respondents to vacate the said premises and handover peaceful and vacant possession to the appellant, it will also be   necessary   in   the   interests   of   justice   to   direct   the respondent No.1­BPCL to pay arrears of market rent from 25 st 31  December, 2009, till the date of delivery of possession at the market rate.  In   the   result,   the   appeal   is   allowed   in   the 21. following terms: (i) The respondent No.1­BPCL is directed to vacate and handover peaceful and vacant possession of the said premises to the appellant within a period of three months from today. (ii) The   respondent   No.1­BPCL   is   directed   to   pay st arrears of  market rent to the appellant from 31 December,   2009   till   the   date   of   handing   over   of possession.   22. We postpone the issue of determination of market rent for a period of three weeks from today.  The appellant as   well   as   the   respondents   shall   file   their   written submissions with regard to the market rent with supporting documents within a period of two weeks from today.   23. The respondent No.1­BPCL shall also pay costs, quantified at Rs.1,00,000/­ (Rupees One lakh only) to the appellant.  26 24. The   appeal   is   disposed   of   in   the   above   terms. Pending applications, if any, shall stand disposed of.  …….…....................., J.                              [L. NAGESWARA RAO] …….…....................., J.                                                  [B.R. GAVAI] NEW DELHI; NOVEMBER 11, 2021