SURESH LATARUJI RAMTEKE vs. SAU. SUMANBAI PANDURANG PETKAR

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 21-09-2023

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2023INSC846         REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL No. 6070 OF 2023 [Arising out of SLP(C)No.20183 of 2022]    SURESH LATARUJI RAMTEKE  …APPELLANT(S) Versus SAU. SUMANBAI PANDURANG  PETKAR & ORS. …RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T SANJAY KAROL J., 1. Leave granted. 2. The following questions arise for consideration of this Court: 2.1 Whether   in   the   absence   of   affording   adequate opportunity of hearing to the parties on addressing the framed   substantial   questions   of   law,   the   High   Court could have proceeded to decide the same in an appeal preferred   under   section   100   Code   of   Civil   Procedure Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Anita Malhotra Date: 2023.09.21 16:57:33 IST Reason: (hereinafter “CPC”), particularly, when the findings of 1   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| fact   rendered   by   two   Courts,   were   sought   to   be reversed? 2.2 Whether in the absence of any trial record or without summoning and perusing the trial record, findings of fact on the issue of plaintiff’s readiness and willingness to execute the sale deed, could have been reversed by the High Court in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction under section 100 CPC? 3. Though, initially in the defendants’ appeal, which was listed th firstly on 26   April 2022, the High Court fixed the matter for th preliminary hearing on 29  September 2022, but adjourned it for th the next day, i.e., 30  September, 2022 when, after framing the substantial questions of law, proceeded to hear the appeal and reversed the findings of fact concurrently recorded by the two Courts in the plaintiff’s favour.  4. Hence,   this   appeal   by   special   leave,   seeks   to   assail   a th judgement   and   order   dated   30   September   2022   passed   in Second Appeal No.324/2021 by the High Court of Judicature at 1 Bombay (Nagpur Bench)   whereby concurrent findings returned rd 2 by the Courts below vide judgement dated 3  September, 2014 by   the   Civil   Judge   Senior   Division,   Gadchiroli     and   vide 1  For Brevity, "Impugned Judgement" 2  Hereafter Referred to as "The Trial Court" 2   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| st 3 judgement   dated   1   October,   2021   by   the   Principal   District Judge, Gadchiroli, were overturned.  THE FACTUAL MATRIX 5. The   respondent   namely,   Sumanbai   Pandurang   Petkar 4 (defendant   in   the   original   suit)   had   agreed   to   sell,   for   a consideration   of   ₹ 6,60,000/­   the   property   subject   matter   of dispute, i.e., 3 acres of land to the appellant herein (plaintiff in 5 the original suit) . 6. For transfer, the Divisional Commissioner, Nagpur Division, Nagpur,   accorded   necessary   permissions.   Despite   various attempts at execution, the same did not take place, and as such the plaintiff issued notices to that effect, which were served on the respondents requiring them to be present at the office of the th concerned authority on 16  December, 2009 at 11:30 AM to get the deed executed. Such notices remained not complied with as the defendants allegedly, tried to evade coming to the office of the authority for such purpose. 7. It is as such that the case, subject matter of the present  lis came to be filed by the Plaintiff. 3  Hereinafter, "First Appellate Court" 4  Hereafter referred to as "the Defendants" 5  Hereafter, "the Plaintiff" 3   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| TRIAL COURT AND FIRST APPELLATE COURT 8. The Trial Court framed 5 issues. A tabular representation of the issues, the corresponding findings and the reasons therefor, in short, is as below: ­
S.<br>No.IssuesFindingsReasons
1.Does plaintiff prove that<br>defendant no. 1 has<br>entered into an<br>agreement of sale suit<br>land Survey No. 236/2<br>area 1.19 HR of Navegaon<br>in favor of plaintiff for<br>consideration of<br>Rs.6,60,00/­?YESPW­1 Suresh and PW­2<br>Sudhakar have deposed that<br>an agreement was entered<br>into in respect of the land<br>and their testimonies remain<br>unshaken. Even though<br>Ulhas Shriniwas Athaale<br>(PW­3) has not positively<br>identified the thumb<br>impression as that being the<br>same one affixed by<br>defendant no. 1, namely<br>Sumanbai that does not<br>establish that she had not<br>affixed her thumb<br>impressions.
2.Does plaintiff prove that<br>that on 29.03.2004<br>defendant no. 1has<br>executed the agreement<br>to sell in favour of the<br>plaintiff and the earnest<br>money of Rs.60,000/­<br>was paid by the plaintiff<br>to the defendant on the<br>same day?YESIt is clear that, as per the<br>answer to issue one, the<br>agreement was entered into,<br>and it stating that<br>Rs.60,000/­ stands received<br>by the defendant.<br>Conclusively, said amount<br>was paid.
2AWhether the plaintiff<br>proves that he paid<br>Rs.1,00,000 on<br>17.01.2005, another<br>Rs.1,00,000/­ onNONo document is placed on<br>record to show wherefrom<br>the said amounts were<br>withdrawn, nor was the same<br>paid in the presence of any
4   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022|
07.05.2005, Rs.2,000/­<br>on 12.06.2008 and<br>Rs.8,000/­ on<br>12.06.2008 to defendant<br>no. 1 through her<br>husband defendant no.<br>2? If yes, what is the legal<br>effect of this payment on<br>the rights of the parties?one of the witnesses. The<br>amount paid on 07.05.2005<br>was apparently paid by<br>cheque but the cheque<br>number is absent from the<br>receipt. No passbook or<br>statement is placed on record<br>to show the payment of such<br>amount. The handwriting in<br>which the endorsement on<br>the last page of the<br>agreement was made in<br>respect of receipt of such<br>amount is unclear.
3.Does the plaintiff prove<br>that he is ready and<br>willing to perform his<br>part of the contract?YESSuresh’s (PW 1) testimony<br>that after receiving requisite<br>permission from the<br>authority the plaintiff had<br>asked the defendant to<br>execute the deed by way of<br>serving notice and also the<br>fact that he has placed on<br>record cheque for<br>Rs.3,90,000/­, leads to the<br>conclusion that he has<br>always been ready and<br>willing to perform his part of<br>the contract.
4.Is the plaintiff entitled for<br>specific relief as sought<br>for?YESConsequent to the findings in<br>the affirmative in question<br>Nos.1, 2 and 3, the question<br>No.4 is also in the<br>affirmative.
5.What order and decree?Suit is<br>partly<br>decreed<br>with<br>proportio<br>nate<br>costs.­­­­­
5   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 9. The Plaintiff was, in view of the above, directed to deposit ₹  6 lakh with the Court within 15 days and upon such deposit, the defendant was to necessarily execute the sale deed to be entitled to withdraw the said amount. 10. The   First   Appellate   Court   in   addition   to   the   questions framed by   the   Trial   Court,   further   added   two   issues,   i.e.,   (a) Whether   the   suit   is   within   limitation?;   and   (b)   Whether   the impugned judgement required interference?  While not disturbing the findings arrived at by the Trial court, resultantly answering the second issue in the negative, also held the suit filed to be within   the   period   of   limitation.   The   appeal   was,   therefore, dismissed. IMPUGNED JUDGMENT  11. In   the   Second   Appeal,   the   Court   framed   four   questions, substantial in nature, and held that the concurrent findings as returned   by   the   trial   courts   were   based   on   “complete misapplication   of   law”   and   “erroneous   consideration”   and appreciation of the evidence led by the parties.   Reliance was 6 placed on   Ravi Setia v. Madan Lal   to state that in cases of perverse   findings/complete   misappropriation/erroneous 6  (2019) 9 SCC 381 Two Judge Bench 6   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| consideration   of   the   evidence,   or   failure   to   consider   relevant evidence,   a   Court   in   Second   Appeal   could   re­appreciate   the evidence. In view of the above, the judgement rendered by both the Courts below was set aside and the plaintiff’s suit for specific performance dismissed. 12. It has been urged before us, amongst other grounds, that the judgement of the High Court is contrary to the law settled by various   judgments of this court as the substantial questions were framed on the second date of hearing thereby contravening the provisions of Section 100 CPC; the High Court ought not to ordinarily reverse findings of fact, more so concurrent,  returned by the trial court until and unless findings returned are perverse, which clearly was not the case; on the aspect of readiness and willingness, reliance was placed on   Sukhbir Singh v. Brij Pal 7 Singh   to   submit   that   compliance   with   those   two   factors   of specific   relief   does   not   entail   the   carrying   of   hard   cash   and instead it is the presence of the financial capacity to do so. A 8 cheque for   ₹   3,90,000/­   has been placed on record which was for the meeting which was slated to take place in the office of the Sub­Registrar but in fact it was the Respondents who did not 7  (1997) 2 SCC 200 Two Judge Bench 8  Exhibit 73, as recorded by the Trial Court in issue No.3 of its judgment. 7   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| attend; The High Court erred severely in overturning the findings of fact, particularly in the absence of the record of the trial court.  OPINION OF THE COURT 13. The jurisprudence on Section 100, CPC is rich and varied. Time   and   again   this   Court   in   numerous   judgments   has   laid down, distilled and further clarified the requirements that must necessarily be met in order for a Second Appeal as laid down therein, to be maintainable, and thereafter be adjudicated upon. Considering the fact that numerous cases are filed before this Court which hinge on the application of this provision, we find it necessary to reiterate the principles.  13.1  The requirement, most fundamental under this section is the presence and framing of a “substantial question of law”. In other words, the existence of such a question is  sine 9 qua non  for exercise of this jurisdiction. 13.2 The jurisdiction under this section has been described 10 by this Court in    (Two­Judge Bench) Gurdev Kaur v. Kaki stating that post 1976 amendment, the scope of Section 100 CPC stands drastically curtailed and narrowed down to be 9  Panchugopal Barua v. Umesh Chandra Goswami and Ors. (1997) 4 SCC 713 Two Judge  Bench 10  (2007) 1 SCC 546 Two Judge Bench 8   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| restrictive   in   nature.   The   High   Court’s   jurisdiction   of interfering under Section 100 CPC is only in a case where substantial   questions   of   law   are   involved,   also   clearly formulated/set out in the memorandum of appeal.   It has been observed that: “At the time of admission of the second appeal, it is the bounden duty and obligation of the High Court to formulate substantial questions of law and then only the High Court is permitted to proceed with the case to decide those questions of law. The language used   in   the   amended   section   specifically incorporates the words as “substantial question of law” which is indicative of the legislative intention. It must   be   clearly   understood   that   the   legislative intention   was   very   clear   that   legislature   never wanted   second   appeal   to   become   “third   trial   on facts” or “one more dice in the gamble”. The effect of the amendment mainly, according to the amended section, was: (i) The High Court would be justified in admitting the second appeal only when a substantial question of law is involved; (ii) The substantial question of law to precisely state such question; (iii)   A   duty   has   been   cast   on   the   High   Court   to formulate substantial question of law before hearing the appeal; (iv) Another part of the section is that the appeal shall be heard only on that question.”     (supra) was referred to and relied upon Gurdev Kaur 11 in  Randhir Kaur v. Prithvi Pal Singh & Ors. 11  (2019) 17 SCC 71; Two Judge Bench 9   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 12 13.3  In  Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari   a Bench of three Judges, held as under in regard to what constitutes a substantial question of law:­ a) Not previously settled by law of land or a binding precedent. b) Material bearing on the decision of case; and (c) New point raised for the first time before the High Court is not a question involved in the case unless it goes to the root of the matter. Therefore, it will depend on facts of each case. Such   principles   stand   followed   in   Government   of 13 14 Kerala v. Joseph  and Chandrabhan v. Saraswati . 13.4   Non­formulation   of   substantial   question(s)   of   law renders proceedings “patently illegal”. This Court’s decisions 15 in   and  Umerkhan v. Bimillabi Shiv Cotex v. Tirgun Auto 16 Plast Pvt Ltd. & Ors.  indicate this position.  14. Substantial questions of law, as framed by the High Court must be answered in light of the contentions raised therein.  12  (2001) 3 SCC 179 Three Judge Bench 13  2023 SCC OnLine SC 961 Two Judge Bench 14  2022 SCC OnLine SC 1273 Two Judge Bench 15  (2011) 9 SCC 684 Two Judge Bench 16  (2011) 9 SCC 678 Two Judge Bench 10   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 14.1  If the Court is of the view that a question framed is to be altered, deleted or a new question is to be added, then the Court must hear the parties.  14.2 For both the above principles, reference may be made 17 to   Gajaraba Bhikhubha Vadher v. Sumara Umar Amad where the following principles were observed: ­ a) The substantial question of law framed by the High Court must be answered, with reasons. Disposing off the appeal without answering the same cannot be justified. b) If a need is felt to modify, alter or delete a question, a hearing must be provided to the parties in respect thereof.  14.3 When the case is admitted, but upon hearing when it is found   that   no   substantial   question   of   law   arises   for consideration,   reasons   should   be   recorded   in   such dismissal.  18 15. In   Kichha  Sugar  Co.  Ltd.   v.  Roofrite  (P)   Ltd   it  was observed:   17  (2020) 11 SCC 114 (Three Judge Bench) 18  (2009) 16 SCC 280 Three Judge Bench  11   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| “4. Our attention is drawn by the learned counsel for the respondents to the provisions of Section 100(5) of the Civil Procedure Code where the respondent to a second appeal is permitted “to argue that the case does not   involve   such   question”   i.e.   the   questions formulated earlier. No doubt, but then the order on the second appeal should indicate, howsoever briefly, why the questions formulated at the earlier stage had, at the   stage   of   final   hearing,   been   found   to   be   no questions of law.”
16. Substantial questions should ordinarily, not be framed at a<br>later stage. If done so, then parties must be given an opportunity<br>to meet them. This Court in U.R. Virupakshappa v.<br>Sarvamangala19 held :
“15. … It, furthermore, should not ordinarily frame a<br>substantial question of law at a subsequent stage<br>without assigning any reason therefor and without<br>giving a reasonable opportunity of hearing to the<br>respondents. [See Nune Prasad v. Nune<br>Ramakrishna [(2008) 8 SCC 258 : (2008) 10 Scale<br>523] ; Panchugopal Barua v. Umesh Chandra<br>Goswami [(1997) 4 SCC 713] (SCC paras 8 and 9);<br>and Kshitish Chandra Purkait v. Santosh Kumar<br>Purkait [(1997) 5 SCC 438] (SCC paras 10 and 12)].
16. The High Court, in this case, however, formulated<br>a substantial question of law while dictating the<br>judgment in open court. Before such a substantial<br>question of law could be formulated, the parties should<br>have been put to notice. They should have been given<br>an opportunity to meet the same. Although the Court<br>has the requisite jurisdiction to formulate a substantial<br>question of law at a subsequent stage which was not<br>formulated at the time of admission of the second<br>appeal but the requirements laid down in the proviso<br>appended to Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure<br>were required to be met.”
19  (2009) 2 SCC 177 Two Judge Bench 12   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 16.1   This   Court   in   Mehboob­Ur­Rehman   v.   Ahsanul 20 ,   observed   in   respect   of   application   of   Section Ghani 100(5) CPC as under : ­    a) It is not rule under proviso to sub­section (5) to hear   any   other   substantial   question   of   law irrespective of the question(s) formulated, so as to annul other requirements of S. 100, CPC. b) Proviso to come in operation in exceptional cases where reasons are to be recorded by High Court. 16.2 It has further been held that the application of this section is only when some questions, substantial in law, already   stand   framed.   (B.C.   Shivashankara   v.   B.R. 21 Nagaraj ) . 16.3 Wrong application of law laid down by the Privy Council, Federal Court or the Supreme Court, will not qualify for substantial question of law and neither wrong application of facts. 16.4 If   on   an   issue,   the   trial   court   discusses   the evidence   but   does   not   return   a   finding   thereon,   High 20  (2019) 19 SCC 415 Two Judge Bench 21  (2007) 15 SCC 387  Two Judge Bench 13   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| Court in jurisdiction under Section 100, CPC may do so. Reference be made to   Govindbhai Chhotabhai Patel v. 22 Patel Ramanbhai Mathurbhai.
This Court inKondiba Dagadu Kadam v. Savitribai
23 Sopan Gujar ,  observed­
“6. If the question of law termed as a substantial<br>question stands already decided by a larger Bench of<br>the High Court concerned or by the Privy Council or by<br>the Federal Court or by the Supreme Court, its merely<br>wrong application on the facts of the case would not be<br>termed to be a substantial question of law. Where a<br>point of law has not been pleaded or is found to be<br>arising between the parties in the absence of any<br>factual format, a litigant should not be allowed to raise<br>that question as a substantial question of law in<br>second appeal. The mere appreciation of the facts, the<br>documentary evidence or the meaning of entries and<br>the contents of the document cannot be held to be<br>raising a substantial question of law…”
16.5 Interference on findings of fact permitted in exceptional cases, i.e., when finding is based on either inadmissible or, 24 no evidence. This Court in   Dinesh Kumar v. Yusuf Ali referring to various other cases held:­
a) It is not permissible for High Court to reappreciate<br>evidence as if it was the first appellate court unless<br>findings were perverse.
22  (2020) 16 SCC 255 Two Judge Bench 23  (1999) 3 SCC 722 Two Judge Bench 24  (2010) 12 SCC 740 Two Judge Bench 14   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| b) Finding   of   fact   can   be   interfered   in   exceptional circumstances as rarity, rather than a regularity. c) Scrutiny   of   evidence   in   second   appeal   is   not prohibited   but   has   to   be   exercised   upon   proper circumspection. 17. Jurisdiction under second appeal not to be exercised merely because an alternate view is possible. It was observed in  Hamida 25 v. Mohd. Khalil 7. …The High Court, it is well settled, while exercising jurisdiction under Section 100 CPC, cannot reverse the findings of the lower appellate court on facts merely on the   ground   that   on   the   facts   found   by   the   lower appellate court another view was possible.”   This   position   was   reiterated   by   Avtar   Singh   &   Ors.   v. 26 Bimla Devi & Ors.   17.1   In   aid   of   such   a   restricted   application,   an   essential aspect in ensuring that it does not acquire the nature of a “third   appeal”   is   the   limited   possibility   of   appreciation   of evidence   and   connectedly,   the   restriction   on   upturning concurrent   findings   of   fact.   However,   there   are   certain exceptions to the rule as pointed out by this Court in  Nazir 27 Mohamed v. J. Kamala , as under:  25  (2001) 5 SCC 30 Two Judge Bench 26  (2021) 13 SCC 816 Two Judge Bench 27  (2020) 19 SCC 57 Two Judge Bench 15   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022|
“33.4. The general rule is, that the High Court will not<br>interfere with the concurrent findings of the courts<br>below. But it is not an absolute rule. Some of the well­<br>recognised exceptions are where: (i) the courts below<br>have ignored material evidence or acted on no<br>evidence; (ii) the courts have drawn wrong inferences<br>from proved facts by applying the law erroneously; or<br>(iii) the courts have wrongly cast the burden of proof. A<br>decision based on no evidence, does not refer only to<br>cases where there is a total dearth of evidence, but also<br>refers to case, where the evidence, taken as a whole, is<br>not reasonably capable of supporting the finding.”
17.2 The extent of the same may be underscored by the<br>observation that:
“32. In a second appeal, the jurisdiction of the High<br>Court being confined to substantial question of law, a<br>finding of fact is not open to challenge in second<br>appeal, even if the appreciation of evidence is palpably<br>erroneous and the finding of fact incorrect as held<br>in V. Ramachandra Ayyar v . Ramalingam Chettiar [V.<br>Ramachandra Ayyar v . Ramalingam Chettiar , AIR<br>1963 SC 302] . An entirely new point, raised for the<br>first time, before the High Court, is not a question<br>involved in the case, unless it goes to the root of the<br>matter.”<br>(Emphasis Supplied)“32. In a second appeal, the jurisdiction of the High<br>Court being confined to substantial question of law, a<br>finding of fact is not open to challenge in second<br>appeal, even if the appreciation of evidence is palpably<br>erroneous and the finding of fact incorrect as held
in V. Ramachandra Ayyar v . Ramalingam Chettiar [V.
Ramachandra Ayyar v . Ramalingam Chettiar , AIR
1963 SC 302] . An entirely new point, raised for the<br>first time, before the High Court, is not a question<br>involved in the case, unless it goes to the root of the<br>matter.”
(Emphasis Supplied)
18. It is apparent from the above extracted principles and a perusal of the respective judgments that the second appeal is envisioned, much like any other process of the Court to be a step­by­step process, each step further being a consequence of the previous one. Framing of substantial questions at the stage of   admission,   the   appeal   then   being   admitted   for   hearing, hearing thereon, and then a reasoned judgment.  16   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 19. However, as a reading of the impugned judgment reveals, these steps came to be followed, only partially, more so, ignoring the time element, inherent therein.  20. As   Sumara Umar Ahmad   (supra),   Kichha Sugar   (supra) and   Virupakshappa   (supra) and also the ingredients identified by     (supra)   show,   hearing   the   parties,   on   all Gurdev   Kaur questions,   framed   at   the   time   of   admission   as   also   the   one framed, added or altered, is absolutely essential.  21. In the present case, the parties were not given the requisite time to meet the questions framed by the Court. Section 100(5) CPC   suggests   that   there   is   a   gap   between   framing   of   the questions at admission and hearing, as the proviso thereto gives an opportunity to the Court to frame additional questions at the time of hearing, on which the parties would have to be heard as well. Meaning thereby, that the questions framed at the time of admission, at such point of subsequent framing of questions are already known to the parties and they have had time to prepare to address arguments on the same. It is during the arguments that a further important issue is discovered and a question in that regard is framed, with the parties then being granted time to meet that question as well.   17   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 28 22. Our view finds support in   Amar Singh v. Dalip Singh wherein this Court held: ­ a) The purpose of framing of substantial question of law is to give the parties an opportunity to come prepared on that particular question. b) When a substantial question of law is formulated by the   Court  then the  same  must  be  made   known to parties   and   thereafter   they   have   to   be   given   an opportunity to advance arguments thereon. c) If any additional questions were framed at the time of hearing,   the   Court   must   hear   the   parties   on   that question as well. 23. Here, the questions of law, were framed on the second date of hearing, the parties were heard right then and there, and the second appeal was disposed of with the judgment being dictated and   findings   of   fact   reversed.   That,   as   the   above   discussion points out, is not in consonance with the manner set out for the disposal of a second appeal.   24. The impugned judgment overturns concurrent findings of fact in respect of readiness and willingness on the part of the 28  (2012) 13 SCC 405 Two Judge Bench 18   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| plaintiff   to   perform   the   contract,   without   pointing   out   the exceptional circumstance or the perversity in the findings which were returned by the Courts below. 25. For the Court to have done so, in accordance with law, the actual evidence, which was before the Courts below, in our view, had to be called for. This is so because, if the findings returned are to be upturned on perversity, the same should unmistakably be reflected from record. If this is not so done, the Court of first appeal being the “final Court of fact”, would be reduced to a mere saying, of no actual effect. After all, a second appeal is not a “third trial on facts”, and so, for reappreciation of evidence to be justified, and for the same to be required ­ as well as being demonstrably, at a different threshold from merely, a “possible different view”, perversity or the other conditions of “no evidence” or “inadmissible evidence” ought to be urged, and subsequently, with the Court being satisfied on the arguments advanced, of such a possibility, the Court would then, proceed to call for the record. That is to say that accepting the argument of perversity merely on the submissions made and not having appreciated the record, would be unfair to the Court of first appeal.  19   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| 26. The haste with which the Court proceeded to dispose of the appeal   without   proper   and   adequate   opportunity   to   address arguments cannot be appreciated. The governing statute lays considerable emphasis on hearing the parties on all questions­ and the same is reflected in various pronouncements of this Court. The approach adopted by a Court in disposing of such appeals must abide by the same. 27.   The   questions   of   law   raised   in   the   instant   appeal   are answered as under : 27.1 A Court sitting in second appellate jurisdiction is to frame substantial question of law at the time of admission, save and except in exceptional circumstances.   Post such framing of questions the Court shall proceed to hear the parties on such questions, i.e., after giving them adequate time to meet and address them.  It is only after such hearing subsequent to the framing that a second appeal shall come to be decided.   27.2 In   ordinary   course,   the   High   Court   in   such jurisdiction does not interfere with finding of fact, however, if it does find any compelling reason to do so as regard in law, 20   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022| it can do but only after perusing the records of the Trial Court, on analysis of which the conclusion arrived at by such a Court is sought to be upturned.   In other words, when overturning findings of fact, the Court will be required to call for the records of the Trial Court or if placed on record, peruse the same and only then question the veracity of the conclusions drawn by the Court below. 28.  In view of the foregoing discussion we find it fit to remand the   matter   to   the   High   Court   for   consideration   afresh   in th accordance with law. Judgment and Order  dated 30  September 2022 passed in Second Appeal No.324/2021 by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay (Nagpur Bench) is set aside and the case is restored to the file of the High Court.   Accordingly, the appeal is accepted and allowed in such terms.   29. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.  30. No costs.                     ……………………J. (B.R GAVAI)   ….....……………J. (SANJAY KAROL) st Date : 21  September, 2023; Place: New Delhi. 21   |SLP(C)No. 20183 of 2022|