KUNTI vs. THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 03-05-2023

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Full Judgment Text

1 NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1380 OF 2023 (@ SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRIMINAL) NO.11673/2019) KUNTI AND ANR.           ….APPELLANTS V. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND ANR.  …RESPONDENTS J U D G M E N T SANJAY KAROL, J. Leave Granted. 1. The   present   appeal   arising   out   of   special   leave   petition   is directed against the judgement and order dated 18.10.2019 passed   by   the   High   Court   of   Judicature   at   Allahabad (hereinafter referred to as “the High Court”) in Application u/s 482, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1908, (hereafter “CrPC) No. Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Deepak Singh Date: 2023.05.04 18:08:28 IST Reason: 32337 of 2013, filed by the Appellants praying for quashing the   order   dated   22.11.2012   passed   by   the   Chief   Judicial 2 Magistrate, Bulandshahr, in Case No. 6695 of 2012 arising out of Case Crime No. 421 of 2012 under Sections 406, 420, 467, 468, 417 and 418 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. By the said judgement, the Hon’ble High Court dismissed the Application filed by the Appellant(s) and held that no grounds to interfere are found.   2. Brief facts necessary for the judgement in this appeal are as under:  3. The Appellant(s) in this case are Bhumidars of the agricultural land being Khasra No. 561/1 measuring 0.0550 and 0.1140 hectares   in   village   Akbarpur,   Bulandshahr,   Uttar   Pradesh (hereinafter referred to as the “property in dispute”). Allegedly, an agreement to sell in respect of the property in dispute, dated 11.07.2008 was executed by the Appellants in favour of the   Respondent   No   2.   (Mr   Ajay   Kumar   Bansal)   for   a consideration   of   Rs.   10,80,000/­.   As   it   appears   from   the agreement,   from   the   total   amount,   Rs.   6,30,000/­   was transferred in favour of the Appellant by Respondent No. 2 as advance.  The remaining amount of Rs. 4,50,000/­ was agreed to be paid at the time of the execution of the sale deed. This 3 agreement   to   sell   was   registered   in   the   office   of   Deputy Registrar, First, Office at Bulandshahr, in Bahi No. 1, Zild No. 3910, Page 1­ 20, Item No. 4083.   4. The execution of the sale deed was extended from 11.07.2008 to 31.12.2008, by mutual consent, however, on the said date, despite Respondent No 2 herein being present, along with the amount remaining to be paid, the appellant was absent, in spite of having received information about the same.  5. It has been recorded in the Impugned order that, a notice was sent by Respondent No 2 on 01.01.2009, for execution of the agreement, after which, both parties met and an oral request to   the   same   effect   was   also   made.   On   various   dates subsequent thereto, Respondent No 2 has extended the time in favour of the Appellant(s) herein for executing the sale deed, however,   that   was   not   done.     Upon   discovering   that   the appellant herein planned  to  sell the  property  in dispute  to somebody other than the Appellant(s), the FIR, subject of the quashing   proceedings  was   lodged   at  Police  Station  Kotwali, District Bulandshahr.   4 6. Vide   the   Impugned   judgement   dated   18.10.2019,   the   Ld. Single   Judge   dismissed   the   application   under   Section   482, CrPC, not accepting the argument on part of the Appellant, that the present Respondent No. 2 had an alternative remedy in   the   nature   of   a   civil   suit   for   the   execution   of   the   sale agreement. Relying on, in   V. Ravi Kumar v. State 2018 SCC OnLine SC 2811 , the prayer for quashing has been refused.  7. It has been urged by way of this appeal arising out of SLP, that the agreement to sell was  void ab initio , in light of Sec. 157(A), Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition & Land Reforms Act, 1950, whereby   a   person   belonging   to   a   Schedule   Caste   cannot transfer property to any person not of a schedule caste without prior   permission   of   the   concerned   Collector   or   District Magistrate. Further it has been urged, that the instant FIR has been lodged four years after the slated date of the execution of the sale deed. It is also submitted that the present agreement to sell is forged and in respect thereof, a report to the Senior Superintendent of the Police stands filed.  8. We notice that the agreement to sell had been duly registered st at the office Deputy Registrar, 1 , Office at Bulandshahr, and 5 the complaint filed by the appellant, purporting that the same was forged, was filed on 11.05.2012, which is, incidentally, the same   as   the   date   of   the   reply   to   the   legal   notice   sent   by Respondent No 2 herein, dated 08.05.2012, and is also four years from the date of the agreement.  9. However, we do not find the need to engage with the grounds as urged, because a perusal of the record in no uncertain terms reflects the dispute as being of a civil nature. This court 1 recently,   in   Sarabjit   Kaur   v.   State   of   Punjab   and   Anr. , observed   that   “A   breach   of   contract   does   not   give   rise   to criminal   prosecution   for   cheating   unless   fraudulent   or dishonest   intention   is   shown   right   at   the   beginning   of   the transaction.   Merely   on   the   allegation   of   failure   to   keep   up promise will not be enough to initiate criminal proceedings.” 10. A two­judge bench of this Court in   ARCI v. Nimra Cerglass 2 Technics   (P)   Ltd. ,   while   deliberating   upon   the   difference between mere breach of contract and the offence of cheating, observed that the distinction depends upon the intention of the accused at the time of the alleged incident. If dishonest 1 2023 SCC OnLine 210 2 (2016) 1 SCC 348 6 intention on part of the accused can be established at the of time of entering into the transaction with the complainant, then criminal liability would be attached.  11. In  Vijay Kumar Ghai v. State of W.B (2022) 7 SCC 124 , one of us,   (Krishna Murari J.,) observed in reference to earlier decisions   as under:  “24.  This Court in  G. Sagar Suri  v.  State of U.P.  [ G. Sagar Suri   v.   State of U.P. , (2000) 2 SCC 636 : 2000 SCC (Cri) 513]   observed   that   it   is   the   duty   and   obligation   of   the criminal court to exercise a great deal of caution in issuing the process, particularly when matters are essentially of civil nature. This   Court   has   time   and   again   cautioned   about 25.   converting purely civil disputes into criminal cases. This Court in  Indian Oil Corpn.  [ Indian Oil Corpn.  v.  NEPC India Ltd. , (2006) 6 SCC 736 : (2006) 3 SCC (Cri) 188] noticed the prevalent impression that civil law remedies are time consuming and do not adequately protect the interests of lenders/creditors.   The   Court   further   observed   that   : ( Indian Oil Corpn. Case   [ Indian Oil Corpn.   v.   NEPC India Ltd. , (2006) 6 SCC 736 : (2006) 3 SCC (Cri) 188] , SCC p. 749, para 13) “ 13 . … Any effort to settle civil disputes and claims, which do not involve any criminal offence, by applying pressure through   criminal   prosecution  should   be  deprecated  and discouraged.” 12. Having regard to the above well­established principles and also noting   that   the   present   dispute   is   entirely   with   respect   to property and more particularly buying and selling thereof, it 7
cannot be doubted that a criminal hue has been unjustifiably<br>lent to a civil natured issue.
13. In view of the above, the impugned judgment and order dated<br>18.10.2019 passed by the High Court of Judicature at<br>Allahabad, refusing to quash the FIR in question and the Case<br>No. 6695 of 2012 arising out of Case Crime No. 421 of 2012<br>under Sections 406, 420, 467, 468, 417 and 418 of the Indian<br>Penal Code, 1860, bearing number No. 32337 of 2013 is set<br>aside. The appeal is allowed.
14. It is however clarified that observations made herein shall have<br>no bearing on any remedies of civil nature that may be<br>available to Respondent No.2, within law.
15. Interlocutory Applications, if any, are disposed of.
..........................................J. (KRISHNA MURARI) .........................................J. (SANJAY KAROL) rd Dated : 3  May, 2023; Place  : New Delhi. 8