Full Judgment Text
1
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO……………OF 2023
Arising out of
SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL.) NO. 2063 OF 2023
JITENDRA KUMAR RODE …Appellant
VERSUS
UNION OF INDIA …Respondent
J U D G M E N T
SANJAY KAROL, J.
1. Leave granted.
The questions which arise for our consideration are; One,
2.
whether, in the absence of the records of the Court of Trial, the
Signature Not Verified
Digitally signed by
Deepak Singh
Date: 2023.04.25
13:42:16 IST
Reason:
appellate Court could have upheld the conviction and
enhanced the quantum of fine? And Two, whether, given the
2
language employed under Section 385 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973, the present situation constitutes a violation
of the accused’s fundamental rights under Article 21 of the
Constitution of India?
3. The captioned appeal arises out of the final judgment in
Criminal Appeal No. 625 of 1999 dated 23.11.2022 passed by
the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad at Lucknow by
which the Appellant’s conviction by the Special Judge,
(Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988) Lucknow in Case No. 7 of
1996 was upheld.
4. To facilitate effective adjudication of the present lis , it is
essential to appreciate the judgments rendered by the learned
courts below.
5. The Trial Court, in its judgment dated 04.12.1999, convicted
the Appellant herein, under Sections 7, 13(1) and 13(2) of the
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (hereafter, PC Act for
short). After analysing the evidence on record, the Trial Court
concluded as under:
“The prosecution has been successful in proving
that accused J.K Rode being working at the post
of a Public Servant as Assistant Commercial
Manager, Northern Railway, Lucknow made a
3
demand of Rupees Five Hundred from Chief
Ticket Inspector Shri Jai Prakash Narayan
Upadhyay on 03.05.95 to dispose of the charge
sheet issued against him and he was caught red
handed receiving the bribe on 03.05.95 and he
received Rs. 500 (Rupees five hundred) from said
J.P.N Upadhya being posted as a public servant
misusing his post as public servant for his gain in
corrupt and illegal manner. Thus, the offence
under section 7, 13(1) and 13(2) of the PC Act
1988 is proved against the accused and he is
liable to be punished for these charges. Accused
is on bail and his bail bonds are discharged.
Accused should be taken into custody
immediately.”
(Emphasis supplied)
6. Having so recorded, the Trial Court sentenced the Appellant to
rigorous imprisonment of one year and rupees five hundred by
way of fine (in default thereof, further imprisonment of six
months) under Section 7 of the PC Act and rigorous
imprisonment of two years and rupees five hundred by way of
fine (in default thereof, further imprisonment of six months)
under Section 13(2) of the PC Act.
Proceedings before the High Court
7. Assailing the judgment of conviction and sentence, the High
Court admitted the petitioner's appeal on 07.12.1999. A
perusal of the Order dated 04.03.2016 reveals that despite
repeated summoning of records of the trial, no reply was
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received from the Court concerned and as a result, the District
Judge was asked to furnish an explanation and, in any event,
take steps for reconstruction of the record.
7.1 The record further reveals that “the entire record has been lost
and is not traceable” and the documents sent as
“reconstructed documents” do not constitute the relevant trial
court record. They were found to be not to be in accordance
with Rules nor endorsed by the Central Bureau of
Investigation.
The High Court, vide the impugned judgment dated
8.
23.11.2022, upheld the conviction despite having noted on an
earlier occasion that the reconstruction of records was not in
accordance with rules and the admission of nonavailability of
material on record, for which the Appellant herein was in no
manner responsible. Significantly, despite arguments, the
Court did not discuss the merits of conviction.
9. However, the conviction was upheld and taking note of the
decision of this Court in
V.K. Verma v. Central Bureau of
1
Investigation , the sentence was reduced to time already
1 (2014) 3 SCC 485, Paragraphs 8 – 13.
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undergone and the fine enhanced to Rupees TwentyFive
Thousand.
The Present Appeal
10. Being aggrieved by the Order of conviction being upheld, the
Appellant has preferred the present appeal.
It is apparent on the face of the record that the record
could never be reconstructed in its entirety, especially the
relevant ones by the concerned District Court. The Court,
nonetheless, found sufficiency in the partly reconstructed
record, which included only a few documents, such as the FIR
and upheld the conviction on merits.
11. The learned counsel for the Appellant states that the law is
settled on the issue, and in the absence of such records, a
conviction cannot be stated to be on firm grounds and is liable
to be set aside. The learned counsel places reliance on Shyam
2
Deo Pandey and Others v. State of Bihar , State of U.P. v.
3
Abhai Raj Singh and Another . He further placed reliance on
High Court decisions, namely
Ramesh Kaushik v. State of
4
Delhi of the Delhi High Court; Raghuvir Sahai and Others v.
2 (1971) 1 SCC 855
3 (2004) 4 SCC 6
4 2022 SCC Online Del 4185
6
5 6
State of U.P. , Avdesh Rai and Others v. State of U.P. and
7
Tej Pal Singh and Others v. State of U.P. of the Allahabad
High Court.
Consideration by this Court
12. A conviction of any nature permanently marks a person's
character. It would be, in the specific circumstances of this
case, unjustified. This is not to say that five hundred rupees as
far back as 1995 was a small or insignificant amount;
however, when the possibility of appeal is extinguished due to
the absence of essential material, the perusal and
consideration of which is required to take stock of the matter
and then uphold or reverse, as the case may be, then the
benefit of the doubt has to be extended to the accused when
he is in no manner responsible for the same.
We must consider whether the nonavailability of trial court
13.
records before the High Court and upholding conviction,
despite the absence thereof, infringes the right to life and
liberty of the accused enshrined under Article 21 of the
Constitution of India.
5 Criminal Appeal No.786 of 1979
6 Criminal Appeal No.346 of 1984
7 2015 SCC Online All 6581
7
14. It is well settled that following “procedure established by law”
in a criminal prosecution is a sacrosanct requirement.
8
15. In M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra (threeJudge
Bench) Krishna Iyer J. writing for the Court observed that:
,
“11. In short, a first appeal from the Sessions Court to
the High Court, as provided in the Criminal Procedure
Code, manifests this value upheld in Article 21.”
16. It was further observed that every step that makes the right of
appeal fruitful is obligatory, and every action or inaction which
stultifies it is unfair and, ergo, unconstitutional.
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17. In Manu Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi ) (twoJudge Bench),
this Court has also noted that the due process of law shall
deem to include fairness in trial. The Court gives a right to the
accused to receive all documents and statements and move
applications for the production of records relating to the case.
18. If a right of production of documents at the trial stage exists, it
is a natural corollary that the High Court, sitting in appeal,
must benefit from those documents. In the considered view of
8 (1978) 3 SCC 544
9 (2010) 6 SCC 1
8
this Court, this is a demand of the abovementioned sacrosanct
requirement.
19. As we have noted earlier, in the present case, despite efforts,
documents such as the witness statements, statements under
Section 313 Cr.P.C. are neither available nor have been able to
be reconstructed. Therefore, upholding conviction in the
absence of such documents cannot be said to be in
consonance with due process of law and fairness.
20. Once a violation of a right under Article 21 is established, that
is undoubtedly sufficient to set aside a conviction.
Nonetheless, it is essential to appreciate what the law of
procedure says in this regard. After all, it cannot be gainsaid
that personal liberty cut down in the absence of fair legal
procedure is an affront to the sanctity of Article 21. To this
effect, the bench in M.H Hoskot (supra) said:
“ 24. We may follow up the import of Maneka Gandhi and
crystallise the conclusion. Maneka Gandhi case has laid
down that personal liberty cannot be cut out or cut down
without fair legal procedure. Enough has been set out to
establish that a prisoner, deprived of his freedom by court
sentence but entitled to appeal against such verdict, can
claim, as part of his protection under Article 21 and as
implied in his statutory right to appeal, the necessary
concomitant of right to counsel to prepare and argue his
appeal.”
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21. The instant case is governed by Section 385 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1973, which is extracted for ease of
reference:
“385.
Procedure for hearing appeals not
dismissed summarily .—(1) If the Appellate
Court does not dismiss the appeal summarily, it
shall cause notice of the time and place at which
such appeal will be heard to be given—
(i) to the Appellant or his pleader;
(ii) to such officer as the State Government
may appoint on this behalf;
(iii) if the appeal is from a judgment of
conviction in a case instituted upon
complaint to the complainant;
(iv) if the appeal is under section 377 or
section 378, to the accused, and shall also
furnish such officer, complainant and
accused with a copy of the grounds of appeal.
(2) The Appellate Court shall then send for
the record of the case, if such record is not
already available in that Court, and hear the
parties: Provided that if the appeal is only as
to the extent or the legality of the sentence,
the Court may dispose of the appeal without
sending for the record.
(3) Where the only ground for appeal from a
conviction is the alleged severity of the sentence,
the Appellant shall not, except with the leave of
the Court, urge or be heard in support of any
other ground.”
(Emphasis supplied)
22. A bare reading of the provision makes it clear that when
appeals are not dismissed summarily, the Appellate Court
shall call for the records of the Court below except in cases
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where the question for consideration is the legality of a
sentence. There is undoubtedly a compulsion upon the
Appellate Court to call for the record and then proceed to
examine the merits of a case before it. That, as is prima facie
observable, is not the case before us.
23. One of the earlier cases on this issue is the judgment of the
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Calcutta High Court in ,
Queen Empress v. Khimat Singh
wherein the District Judge failed to trace or discover the lost
records. The Court observed that this loss of records has lost
the Appellant, a right he is entitled to, that of hearing by a
higher court. In such situations, no other recourse remains
than to order trial denovo. The judgment in Khimat Singh
(supra) has been followed by this Court in
Abhai Raj Singh
(supra).
24. The abovementioned requirement is found in the Old Code
(Criminal Procedure Code, 1898, now repealed), under Section
423 as well. Section 423 of the 1898 Code, corresponds to
Section 385 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898.
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25. The Privy Council in King – Emperor v. Dahu Raut , stated
that where a conviction is appealed against, once summary
10 1889 A.W.N. 55
11 AIR 1935 PC 89
1
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dismissal fails, the provision of Section 423 as to sending for
the record are clearly “peremptory”, and there can be no room
for revision at that stage. This has been reiterated by this
Court in In Shyam Deo Pandey (supra), observing that, calling
for the record of the Court below is an obligation, in the
following terms:
“ 18. Coming to Section 423, which has already been
quoted above, it deals with powers of the appellate
Court in disposing of the appeal on merits. It is
obligatory for the appellate Court to send for the record
of the case, if it is not already before the Court. This
requirement is necessary to be complied with to enable
the Court to adjudicate upon the correctness or
otherwise of the order or judgment appealed against
not only with reference to the judgment but also with
reference to the records which will be the basis on
which the judgment is founded. The correctness or
otherwise of the findings recorded in the judgment, on
the basis of the attack made against the same, cannot
be adjudicated upon without reference to the evidence,
oral and documentary and other materials relevant for
the purpose. The reference to "such record" in "after
perusing such record" is to the record of the case sent
for by the appellate Court.”
(Emphasis supplied)
12
This Court in (twoJudge
26. Biswanath Ghosh v. State of W.B.
Bench) observed that an Appellate Court allowing a conviction
without having the records before it and the evidence adduced
by the prosecution is a flagrant miscarriage of justice.
12 (1987) 2 SCC 55
1
2
27. This Court in Abhai Raj Singh (supra) (twoJudge Bench)
while dealing with a conviction by the Trial Court under
Section 302 of the IPC, 1860, while remanding the matter for
consideration afresh by the High Court observed:
| “8. It has been the consistent view taken by several<br>High Courts that when records are destroyed by fire<br>or on account of natural or unnatural calamities,<br>reconstruction should be ordered. In Queen<br>Empress v. Khimat Singh [1889 AWN 55] the view<br>taken was that the provisions of Section 423(1) of the<br>Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 (in short "the old<br>Code") made it obligatory for the Court to obtain and<br>examine the record at the time of hearing. When it<br>was not possible to do so, the only available course<br>was a direction for reconstruction. The said view was<br>reiterated more than six decades back in<br>Sevugaperumal, Re [AIR 1943 Mad 391 (2) : 44 Cri LJ<br>611] . The view has been reiterated by several High<br>Courts as well, even thereafter. | |
|---|---|
| 9. The High Court did not keep the relevant aspects<br>and considerations in view and came to the abrupt<br>conclusion that reconstruction was not possible<br>merely because there was no response from the<br>Sessions Judge. The order for reconstruction was on<br>1111993 and the judgment of the High Court is in<br>Criminal Appeal No. 1970 of 1979 dated 2521994.<br>The order was followed in Criminal Appeal No. 1962<br>of 1979 disposed of on 1681995. It is not clear as to<br>why the High Court did not require the Sessions | |
| Court to furnish the information about reconstruction | |
| of records; and/or itself take initiative by issuing | |
| positive directions as to the manner, method and | |
| nature of attempts, efforts and exercise to be | |
| undertaken to effectively achieve the purpose in the | |
| best interests of justice and to avoid ultimately any | |
| miscarriage of justice resulting from any lapse, | |
| inaction or inappropriate or perfunctory action, in | |
| this regard; particularly when no action was taken by | |
| the High Court to pass necessary orders for about a | |
| decade when it received information about | |
| destruction of record. The course adopted by the High | |
| Court, if approved, would encourage dubious persons |
1
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and detractors of justice by allowing undeserved
premium to violators of law by acting hand in glove
with those antisocial elements coming to hold sway,
behind the screen, in the ordinary and normal course
of justice.
| 10. We, therefore, set aside the order of the High<br>Court and remit the matter back for fresh<br>consideration. It is to be noted at this juncture that<br>one of the respondents i.e. Om Pal has died during<br>the pendency of the appeal before this Court. The<br>High Court shall direct reconstruction of the records<br>within a period of six months from the date of receipt<br>of our judgment from all available or possible sources<br>with the assistance of the prosecuting agency as well<br>as the defending parties and their respective counsel.<br>If it is possible to have the records reconstructed to<br>enable the High Court itself to hear and dispose of the<br>appeals in the manner envisaged under Section 386<br>of the Code, rehear the appeals and dispose of the<br>same, on their own merits and in accordance with<br>law. If it finds that reconstruction is not practicable<br>but by ordering retrial interest of justice could be<br>better served — adopt that course and direct retrial —<br>and from that stage law shall take its normal course.<br>If only reconstruction is not possible to facilitate the<br>High Court to hear and dispose of the appeals and the<br>further course of retrial and fresh adjudication by the<br>Sessions Court is also rendered impossible due to loss<br>of vitally important basic records — in that case and<br>situation only, the direction given in the impugned<br>judgment shall operate and the matter shall stand<br>closed. The appeals are accordingly disposed of.”<br>(Emphasis supplied) | 10. We, therefore, set aside the order of the High<br>Court and remit the matter back for fresh<br>consideration. It is to be noted at this juncture that<br>one of the respondents i.e. Om Pal has died during<br>the pendency of the appeal before this Court. The<br>High Court shall direct reconstruction of the records<br>within a period of six months from the date of receipt<br>of our judgment from all available or possible sources<br>with the assistance of the prosecuting agency as well<br>as the defending parties and their respective counsel.<br>If it is possible to have the records reconstructed to<br>enable the High Court itself to hear and dispose of the<br>appeals in the manner envisaged under Section 386<br>of the Code, rehear the appeals and dispose of the<br>same, on their own merits and in accordance with<br>law. If it finds that reconstruction is not practicable<br>but by ordering retrial interest of justice could be | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| better served — adopt that course and direct retrial — | |||
| and from that stage law shall take its normal course. | |||
| If only reconstruction is not possible to facilitate the | |||
| High Court to hear and dispose of the appeals and the | |||
| further course of retrial and fresh adjudication by the | |||
| Sessions Court is also rendered impossible due to loss | |||
| of vitally important basic records — in that case and | |||
| situation only, the direction given in the impugned | |||
| judgment shall operate and the matter shall stand | |||
| closed. The appeals are accordingly disposed of.” | |||
| (Emphasis supplied) | |||
28. Recently, this Court in Dhananjay Rai alias Guddu Rai v.
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State of Bihar (twoJudges) took note of a Judgment
| in | Bani Singh v. State of U.P. | 14 | , as under | : | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “14. We have carefully considered the view<br>expressed in the said two decisions of this Court<br>and, we may state that the view taken in Shyam Deo<br>case [(1971) 1 SCC 855 : 1971 SCC (Cri) 353 : AIR |
13 2022 SCC Online 880
14 (1996) 4 SCC 720
1
4
1971 SC 1606] appears to be sound except for a
minor clarification which we consider necessary to
mention. The plain language of Section 385 makes it
clear that if the appellate Court does not consider the
appeal fit for summary dismissal, it 'must' call for
the record and Section 386 mandates that after the
record is received, the appellate Court may dispose of
the appeal after hearing the accused or his counsel.
Therefore, the plain language of Sections 385386
does not contemplate dismissal of the appeal for
nonprosecution simpliciter . On the contrary, the
Code envisages disposal of the appeal on merits after
perusal and scrutiny of the record. The law clearly
expects the appellate Court to dispose of the appeal
on merits, not merely by perusing the reasoning of
the trial court in the judgment, but by cross
checking the reasoning with the evidence on record
with a view to satisfying itself that the reasoning and
findings recorded by the trial court are consistent
with the material on record.”
(Emphasis supplied)
In a case with similar circumstance, we notice that the
29.
15
Allahabad High Court in Sita Ram & Others v. State has
held that when the entire record was lost or destroyed and the
reconstruction of the record was not possible, the Appellate
Court shall order retrial provided the time lag date of incident
and the date of hearing of appeal is short. If the same is long
and/or the FIR, statement, of witnesses under Section 161
and other relevant papers are not available, the Appellate
Court should not order retrial.
15 1981 Cr.LJ, 65
1
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30. In numerous judgments rendered by various High Courts, a
similar view to the effect that a conviction cannot be upheld in
the absence of the records of the Court below has been
expressed. Taking note of Sita Ram (supra), the time elapsed
between the occurrence of the offence and the appeal being
finally decided, these courts have held that in the absence of
essential documents such as the FIR or witness statements, a
retrial too cannot be said to be serving the ends of justice.
16 17
[Khalil Ahmad v. State of U.P. ; Vir Pal v. State ; Hira Lal
18 19
v. State of U.P. and Bhunda and Ors. V. State of U.P. ]
31. In the present case, the impugned judgment of the High Court
records the statement of the CBI that the records have “got
lost”. The “reconstructed” record consists of the following:
i. FIR of RC 18(A)/95LKO;
ii. Complaint dated 03.05.1995 of Sri J.P.N. Upadhyay,
CIT, Varanasi (2 pages);
iii. Photocopy of S.F.II dated 24.03.1995 (one page);
iv. Pretrap memorandum dated 3.5.95 (4 pages);
v. Recovery memo dated 3.5.1995 (5 pages);
vi. Search list dated 3.5.95 (5 pages);
vii. One file containing chargesheet (SFII) of Sri JPN
Upadhyay and Notesheet. (Pages 1 to 6 & Notesheet
PP2);
viii. Search list dated 4.5.95 (1 sheet);
ix. Site plan dated 3.5.95 (1 sheet);
16 1986 SCC OnLine All 211
17 1999 SCC OnLine All 1348
18 1999 SCC OnLine All 1392
19 2001 SCC OnLine All 864
1
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x. Misc. Papers containing Draft chargesheet etc. (7
sheets);
xi. Sanction order dated 28.12.95.
Subsection, 2 of Section 385, requires that the parties are
heard in light of the records received by the Court. The
documents undoubtedly need to include the essential
documents necessary to properly appreciate the appeal on its
merits. Even the depositions of the witnesses, both
prosecution and defence, have not been reconstructed and are
not available for the Court. This position of disposal of an
appeal on merits being only after perusal of record, has been
held by a threeJudge Bench in Bani Singh (supra).
32. The Court below, in our considered view, by taking a mutually
contradictory view, proceeded to decide the appeal on merits
sentencing the accused, forgetting that the challenge was also
for conviction. And yet did not deal with the merits of the
appeal, laying specific challenge to the judgment of conviction.
The whole approach is illegal and erroneous. Firstly, it is
observed that the record was missing, and then it casts the
onus to produce the same on the Appellant.
33. In light of the abovementioned discussion, the Accused, in
appeal, has a right to have the record perused by the Appellate
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Court and, therefore, upholding a conviction by merely having
noted that the counsel for the accused not having the record at
the time of filing the appeal is “doubtful” and that “no one can
believe” the appeal would have been filed without perusing the
record, as observed by the High Court is not correct. The job of
the Court of Appeal is not to depend on the lower Court's
judgment to uphold the conviction but, based on the record
available before it duly called from the Trial Court and the
arguments advanced before it, to come to a conclusion
thereon.
34. In the facts at hand, the alleged offence in question was
committed on 21.3.1995, and the judgment of the Trial Court
was delivered on 7.12.1999. More than 28 years have passed
since the commission of the offence. As already indicated, the
relevant Trial Court record has not been able to be
reconstructed, despite the efforts of the courts below. Hence,
i n our considered view, as discussed above, ordering a retrial
is not in the interest of justice and will not serve any fruitful
purpose. The time elapsed must be taken into consideration by
the Court, and we may stress on that, only after taking due
note of and taking steps to abide by the warning issued by this
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Court in Abhai Raj Singh (supra), as was correctly done in
Sita Ram (supra).
Conclusions
35. Protection of the rights under Article 21 entails protection of
liberty from any restriction thereupon in the absence of fair
legal procedure. Fair legal procedure includes the opportunity
for the person filing an appeal to question the conclusions
drawn by the trial court. The same can only be done when the
record is available with the Court of Appeal. That is the
mandate of Section 385 of the CrPC. Therefore, in the
considered view of this Court, it is not within prudence to lay
down a straightjacket formula, we hold that noncompliance
with the mandate of the section, in certain cases contingent
upon specific facts and circumstances of the case, would
result in a violation of Article 21 of the Constitution of India,
which we find it to be so in the instant case.
36. The language of Section 385 shows that the Court sitting in
appeal governed thereby is required to call for the records of
the case from the concerned Court below. The same is an
obligation, power coupled with a duty, and only after the
perusal of such records would an appeal be decided.
1
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37. In the view of the aforesaid, the appeal is allowed. The
impugned judgment and the conviction dated 07.12.1999
passed by Special Judge (Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988),
Lucknow, in Case No.7/1996 is set aside, subject thereof, is
set aside.
38. The impugned judgment had directed the accused to pay, by
way of an enhanced fine, Rupees 25,000. Given the above, the
fine, be it of whatever amount, if deposited, is liable to be
returned to the Appellant.
39. Before parting with the present leave petition another
important issue must be dealt with, i.e. the digitization of
records. Technology has, in the present time become
increasingly enmeshed with the systems of dispute resolution
and adjudication with the trends pointing leading to all the
more interplay, both supplementary and complimentary
between technology and law.
40. On 24.9.2021, the learned Ecommittee of the Supreme
Court of India issued an SOP for digital preservation. Step by
step implementation of the digitization process involves
eighteen steps therein. Primarily, it requires all High Courts to
establish Judicial Digital Repositories (JDR) as well as the
standardized system therefor; A digitisation cell at each of the
High Courts is to be established to monitor the progress on
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day to day basis; It is the work of the cell to manage contracts
with vendors for specialized services; an online data tracking
system to keep track of the data transferred to the High Courts
and to facilitate the receipts for each set of transferred records
to the District Courts as well; District Courts to have backups
of all data transferred to the High Court on a monthly basis
while maintaining an independent record thereof.
It cannot be doubted that had there been properly preserved
41.
records of the Trial Court, the issue in the present appeal as to
whether the High Court could uphold a conviction having not
perused the complete Trial Court record, would not have
arisen. Judicial notice can be taken of the fact that, in
accordance with the SOP issued, private entities providing
specialized service have been contracted, and therefore
considering the importance and essentiality of such record, a
robust system of responsibility and accountability must be
developed and fostered in order to ensure the proper protection
and regular updation of all records facilitating the smooth
functioning of the judicial process.
42. Therefore, this Court finds it fit to issue the following
directions:
1. The Registrar General of the High Courts shall ensure
that in all cases of criminal trial, as well as civil suits, the
digitization of records must be duly undertaken with
promptitude at all District Courts, preferably within the
time prescribed for filing an appeal within the laws of
procedure.
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2. The concerned District Judge, once the system of
digitization along with the system of authentication of the
digitized records is in place in their judgeship, to ensure
that the records so digitized are verified as expeditiously
as possible.
3. A continually updated record of Register of Records
digitized shall be maintained with periodic reports being
sent to the concerned High Courts for suitable directions.
4. Interlocutory application(s), if any, shall stand
disposed of.
J.
(KRISHNA MURARI)
J.
(SANJAY KAROL)
th
Dated : 24 April, 2023;
Place : New Delhi.