SURAJ SINGH GUJAR vs. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 30-08-2024

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1 2024 INSC 661 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL No.             OF 2024 (@SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CRL.) No. 2520 OF 2024) SURAJ SINGH GUJAR & ANR.                  …APPELLANTS Versus THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH & ORS. …RESPONDENTS O R D E R Leave granted. 2. The appellants have been convicted by the Trial Court under Sections 323, 324 and 325 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for three months, six months and one year for respective offences. Vide   the   impugned   order   dated   26.12.2023,   Madhya   Pradesh High   Court   disposed   of   the   criminal   appeal   of   appellants   by Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Nirmala Negi Date: 2024.09.06 17:00:11 IST Reason: maintaining   their  conviction  and  sentence   as  awarded  by  the Trial Court. 2 3. Now, the appellants have filed the present appeal stating that they have settled the dispute with the injured persons vide a Compromise Deed dated 29.01.2024 and thus, pray before us to grant permission for compounding the offence. The   relevant   portion   from   paragraphs   12   to   17   of   the Settlement Deed reads as follows: “12. That the First Party and Second Party are Uncle and Nephew in relation, thereby with the interference of elders of the family members, the First Party and Second Party have agreed to settle their dispute amicably. 13.   That   the   First   Party   has   tendered   unconditional apology to the Second Party before the elder members of their   families   and   the   Second   Party   being   the   uncle   and looking at the age of First Party has agreed to forgive the First Party on the unconditional apology tendered by the first party. l4. That the Second Party and First Party have agreed to compound their offence with the leave of the Hon'ble Court. 15. That the present MOU has been signed and executed by the SECOND PARTY out of his own free will without any fear, pressure, coercion and undue influence of others. 16. That the FIRST PARTY and SECOND PARTY have also agreed that in future no such dispute will arise between the First Party and Second Party and further, they have also agreed that they will maintain peace and harmony in the society. 17. That all the disputes in relation to above­mentioned FIR and Cases have been amicably settled by the parties and neither party shall file against the other, or against their family,   relative   successor   or   assign   any   criminal   case   in relation to the above­mentioned FIR and Cases.” 3  4. When this matter came for hearing before this Court on 22.04.2024,   we   had   directed   the   appellants   to   implead   the injured   persons   as   party   respondents   and   thereafter,   the impleaded private respondents were asked to file the affidavits regarding their stand on compounding of the offences. We have gone through the affidavits and found that since the appellants are the cousin of respondents no.2 and 3 and have tendered an unconditional apology regarding the incident, these respondents have agreed to compound the offence. A similar stand has been taken by respondent no. 4, who is the uncle of the appellants. 5. As far as Sections 323 and 325 of the IPC are concerned, offences   under   these   provisions   are   compoundable   but   the offence under Section 324 of the IPC is a non­compoundable offence. 6. Courts   cannot   grant   permission   to   compound   the   non­ compoundable offences, on the basis of any sort of compromise between the parties, as it would be contrary to what has been provided by legislation, except the High Court under Section 482 of Cr.PC and the Apex Court in exercise of its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of India.   4 The compromise between the parties in non­compoundable cases has been taken into consideration by this Court in various occasions to reduce the sentence of the convicts. (   See: Murali  v. State (2021) 1 SCC 726Manjit Singh  v.  State of Punjab & Anr.   (2020)   18   SCC   777 )   Also,   in   a   series   of   other   cases, considering that the incident occurred between relatives and the incident is of such a nature which did not have much impact on society, this Court had set aside the conviction by invoking its power under Article 142 of the Constitution in matters involving non­compoundable offences. (See:   Kailash Chand   v.   State of   (2021) 18 SCC 534v. Rajasthan Srinivasan Iyenger & Anr.  Bimla Devi Agarwal & Ors. (2019) 4 SCC 456Ramawatar  v.State of M.P (2022) 13 SCC 635 However, this is to be done only in exceptional cases after considering   various   factors   including   the   nature   of   injuries, relation between parties and the impact of crime on society, etc. While discussing the powers of Article 142 of the Constitution and Section 482 CrPC (in relation to High Courts) in quashing criminal proceedings in non­compoundable offences, this Court 5 in   Ramgopal   &   Anr.   v.   State   of   M.P   (2022)   14   SCC   531 observed as follows:
“19.We thus sum up and hold that as opposed to
Section 320CrPC where the Court is squarely guided by
the compromise between the parties in respect of offences
“compoundable” within the statutory framework, the
extraordinary power enjoined upon a High Court under
Section 482CrPC or vested in this Court under Article
142 of the Constitution, can be invoked beyond the metes
and bounds of Section 320CrPC. Nonetheless, we
reiterate that such powers of wide amplitude ought to be
exercised carefully in the context of quashing criminal
proceedings, bearing in mind:
19.1.Nature and effect of the offence on the conscience
of the society;
19.2.Seriousness of the injury, if any;
19.3Voluntary nature of compromise between the
accused and the victim; and
19.4Conduct of the accused persons, prior to and after
the occurrence of the purported offence and/or other
relevant considerations.
Considering the aforesaid factors, we have no doubt that the present case, which we are dealing with, is a fit case to invoke our powers under Article 142 of the Constitution. 7. In our case, the incident occurred on 20.05.2011 relating to a minor issue where respondent no.2 was trying to tie bullocks to which the appellants objected by saying that it was their land. As is clear from the compromise, the appellants and complainant side are  close  relatives  and  after  settling  their  disputes, both 6 sides have agreed to maintain peace and harmony in the society. Taking   all   of   this   into   account,   we   invoke   our   powers   under Article   142   of   the   Constitution   and   hereby,   set   aside   the conviction of appellants in the present case. Appellants, who are already outside jail, need not surrender. 8. Accordingly, the present appeal stands disposed of along with the pending applications, if any. ..….....………………………….J.                       [SUDHANSHU DHULIA] ..….....………………………….J.       [AHSANUDDIN AMANULLAH] New Delhi August 30, 2024.