P. DHARAMARAJ vs. SHANMUGAM

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 08-09-2022

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Full Judgment Text

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1514  OF 2022 (Special Leave Petition (Crl.) NO.1354 of 2022) P. DHARAMARAJ                 …APPELLANT(S) VERSUS SHANMUGAM & ORS.               ...RESPONDENT(S) With CRIMINAL APPEAL Nos. 1515­1516  OF 2022 (@ Special Leave Petition (Crl.) Nos..................... of 2022)             (@ Special Leave Petition (Crl.) D.No.11748 of 2022) J U D G M E N T V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, J. Permission   to   file   Special   Leave   Petition(s)   is   granted   in D.No.11748 of 2022. 2. Leave granted. 3. There are three Special Leave Petitions on hand, two of which Signature Not Verified challenge   an   Order   passed   by   the   High   Court   of   Judicature   at Digitally signed by Jatinder Kaur Date: 2022.09.08 12:54:36 IST Reason: 1 Madras in a Criminal Original Petition filed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short “ Cr.P.C ”), quashing a criminal complaint in CC No.25 of 2021 pending on the file of the Additional Special Court for trial of cases related to Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu, on the ground that all the victims have compromised their claims with the accused. The third Special Leave Petition arises out of an order of dismissal passed by the High Court in a Criminal Miscellaneous Petition filed by a third party by name Anti Corruption Movement, seeking   the   recall   of   the   order   dated   30.07.2021   in   the   quash petition. 4. We have heard the learned senior  counsel appearing for the parties, which include the  de facto  complainant, persons named as accused   as   well   as   third   parties   who   claim   to   be   interested/ affected,  albeit   indirectly. Background Facts 5. The brief facts sufficient for the disposal of these special leave petitions are as follows:­ 2 (i) On a complaint lodged by one K. Arulmani, working in the technical   wing   of   the   factory   of   the   Metropolitan   Transport Corporation of Tamil Nadu, a FIR in Crime No. 344 of 2018 was registered on 13.08.2018. To avoid any confusion, the contents of the said complaint are extracted as follows: I have been working as a Worker in the Technical Wing of the Factory   of   Metropolitan   Transport   Corporation   (MTC),   at Perambur.   In   the   year   2014,   an   announcement   in   regard   to vacancies existing for the posts of Conductor and Driver in the Transport   Department.   When   I   went   to   our   Head   Office   in Pallavan Salai in connection with work, one Mr. Rajkumar got introduced to me. He told me that he hails from Pambaipadayur near Kumbakonam and he had got close contact with the then Transport   Minister,  Mr.Senthil   Balaji   and  his  younger   brother Asok   Kumar,   through   one   Mr.   Shanmugam,   who   was   the Personal Assistant to Mr. Senthil Baljai and on paying money, jobs   would   certainly  be   got.  My  friends  by  name  Ambedkar, Senthil, Vijayakanth, Muthiah and a few others told to get them jobs in the Transport Corporation and they are ready to pay money for the same.  I told that money was to be given to through one Mr.Rajkumar and should there surface any problem, we should be ready to face the same. They also, agreeing to the same, paid me money, in   several   installments   during   the   period   from   25.12.2014   to 04.01.2015,   amounting   to   Rs.40,00,000/­.   conveyed   those details to Mr. Rajkumar. In the first week of January 2015, he and myself went to the house of Thiru Senthil Balaji at R.A. Puram. At that time, Mr. Shanmugam, P.A. to Thiru Senthil Balaji came towards me and received the sum of Rs.40,00,000/­. We insisted  on Thiru Shanmugam to see  Thiru Asok Kumar and Thiru Senthil Balaji in person. Thiru Asok Kumar, who came there, when we gave the amount, had assured that all who have paid amounts would issued with appointment orders. He took us then itself to Thiru Senthil Balaji. He told in an assuring voice that there is no need to worry and all those who gave money would be definitely given appointment orders.  3 In the list of names released by the Transport Corporation, the names of persons for whom I gave money, have not appeared in list  of  appointments. Hence, persons  who  gave  money  to  me started pestering me to return the money. When I asked about it to Thiru Rajkumar, he  told  that  in the next list, their names would definitely come. But in the next list also, names of none came. When I informed this to Thiru Rajkumar, he said that he would enquire about the same to Asok Kumar and Shanmugam and then he would say. But each time when I asked Rajkumar, giving me the very same reply, asked me to wait for some time. Persons who gave me money, started threatening me. On their insistence,   I   gave   them   my   cheques   from   my   savings   bank account with Canara Bank, Ambatur Branch, as security.  In pursuance of that, when I asked Rajkumar on 12.10.2015 for returning the money, he gave me two cheques drawn on City Union Bank, Mount Road Branch, filling each cheque with a sum of Rs.15,00,000/­ He told me to deposit the said cheques for collection at the time when he instructs, on his being paid repaid the   amounts   by   Thiru   Senthil   Balaji,   Asok   Kumar   and Shanmugam and the balance sum of Rs.10,00,000/­ would be given by him later on. When I went to City Union Bank, Mount Road Branch and checked whether there are sufficient amounts in   their   accounts,   the   Bank   Officer   said   that   there   were   no sufficient funds. When I met Raj Kumar, Shanmugam and Asok Kumar several times and requested for returning the money, they asked me to wait for some time. Persons who gave me money started  pestering me very much demanding money. In October 2016, when I met Messrs Senthil Balaji, his younger brother Asok Kumar, and P.A Shanmugam and Rajkumar, and entreated them to return the money to me, after explaining my pathetic position,   each   one   of   them   said   that   they   cannot   return   the amount, nothing can be done against them and if I give them trouble demanding money, they would liquidate me along with my family.   I am living daily in consternation along with my two children.   As   Thiru   Senthil   Balaji   was   a   Minister   then   and subsequently a  MLA in the  ruling  party, the  situation posing threat to my life in the event of my lodging a complaint against him, was in existence. I came forward to give the complaint now, since he is not holding any post. I therefore humbly request you to kindly initiate appropriate legal action against Messrs Senthil 4 Balaji, Asok Kumar, Shanmugam and Raj Kumar for their acts of fraud, deception and also the threats unleashed against me and get me back the sum of Rs.40,00,000/­ payable to me by all of them. (ii) The FIR was for alleged offences under Sections 405, 420 and 506(1) of the Indian Penal Code (for short “ ”).  Four persons by IPC name Shri Senthil Balaji (the then Transport Minister), Shri Ashok Kumar (the brother of the Minister), Shri Shanmugam (Personal Assistant to the Minister) and Shri Raj Kumar were cited as the accused in the FIR. After   investigation,   the   police   filed   a   final   report   dated (iii) 12.04.2019 under Section 173(2)(i) of Cr.P.C., against all the four accused named in the First Information Report. The final report indicted the persons named as accused, for alleged offences under Sections   406,   409,   420,   506(1)   read   with   Section   34   IPC.   The Special Court for trial of cases related to Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu took the final report on file in CC No.25 of 2021. (iv) Shri   Shanmugam,   named   as   accused   No.3   then   filed   a criminal original petition in Criminal O.P. No.13374 of 2021 on the file of the High Court of Judicature at Madras under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. praying for quashing the criminal complaint CC No.25 of 2021. 5 (v) Before   the   High   Court,   the   de   facto   complainant   Shri   K. Arulmani filed an affidavit supporting the accused and praying for quashing of the final report, on the ground that what the victims had with the accused was only a money dispute and that the same had   been   settled   out   of   Court   and   that   due   to   political   rivalry between   two   groups,   his   complaint   got   converted   into   a   more serious one, by including unwarranted statements which were not made by him.   (vi) The victims who originally claimed to have paid money for procuring  employment,  also  filed  individual  affidavits   supporting the accused. A   joint   compromise   memo   dated   28.7.2021   containing   the (vii) signatures of 13 victims (who had paid money) on the one hand and accused No.3 on the other hand was also filed before the High Court. (viii) When the quash petition came up for hearing, the learned Government Advocate appearing for the State made a submission that the occurrence took place in the year 2014 and that the matter was compromised between the accused and the victims in the year 2019 after the filing of the final report. (ix) Interestingly,   all   the   13   victims   also   appeared   before   the learned   Judge   of   the   High   Court   of   Madras   through   Video 6 Conference and claimed that the issues have been resolved between them and the accused. In the light of what had transpired after the filing of the final (x) report, the High Court passed an order dated 30.07.2021 quashing the criminal complaint on the ground that “ by passage of time, the parties have decided to bury their hatchet and that no useful purpose would   be   achieved   by   keeping   the   criminal   case   pending” .   After noticing that the offences are not compoundable in nature, the High Court   recorded   in   one   sentence   that   it   had   taken   note   of   the guidelines   issued   by   this   Court   in   Parbatbhai   Aahir   @ Parbatbhai   Bhimsinhbhai   Karmur   and   Ors.   vs.   State   of 1 Gujarat   and   The State of Madhya Pradesh   vs.   Dhruv Gurjar 2 and Another   and concluded that the complaint could be quashed. (xi) Upon coming to know of the quashing of the complaint, a person by name Shri P.Dharamaraj, who participated in the process of selection for appointment to the post of drivers/conductors in the Metropolitan Transport Corporation, but who did not get selected, has come up with one special leave petition contending that what happened was a cash­for­job scam and that he would have got selected if the scam had not taken place. Since he was not a party to the quash proceedings before the High Court, his special leave petition was accompanied by an application for leave to file Special (2017) 9 SCC 641 1 2   (2019) 2 MLJ Crl 10 7 Leave Petition. The said application was allowed by this Court on 11.02.2022. In the meantime, an organisation by name Anti Corruption (xii) Movement, moved a Miscellaneous Petition before the High Court seeking recall of the order dated 30.07.2021 on the ground that the complaint involved allegations of corruption and abuse of official position and that therefore the charge­sheet could not have been quashed on the basis of a compromise between the parties.   This application for recall was rejected by the High Court by an Order dated   14.03.2022,   primarily   on  the   ground   that   this   Court has already entertained a special leave petition against the order sought to be recalled. Therefore,   challenging   the   original   order   dated (xiii) 30.07.2011 and the order dated 14.03.2022, the said Association, namely, Anti Corruption Movement has come up with two special leave petitions. 6. Before we proceed further, it is necessary to take note of the fact that there are a few interlocutory applications whose details are as follows:  IA   No.49555/2022   filed   by   Anti   Corruption   Movement seeking   intervention   in   SLP   (Crl.)   No.1354   of   2022   filed   by Dharamaraj; 8  IA   No.59173/2022   filed   by   the   appellant   in   SLP   (Crl.) No.1354   of   2022,   for   impleading   the   four   persons   named   as accused.  IA   No.59176/2022   filed   by   the   appellant   in   SLP   (Crl.) No.1354 of 2022 seeking the appointment of a Senior Advocate as Special Public Prosecutor to conduct the trial.  IA Nos.126399 and 126400 of 2022 filed by one Y. Balaji, who did not get selected for the post of conductor/driver, seeking impleadment and the appointment of an impartial Special Public Prosecutor.  IA No.108569/2022 filed by one Shri S. Prithvirajan, who claims to be a victim due to non­selection, for impleading himself as party to the special leave petition.   Rival Contentions 7. Assailing the order of the High Court, it is contended by  Shri Siddharth Bhatnagar & Shri Gopal Sankaranarayanan, learned senior counsel,   that   it is shocking to see that a matter of this nature, where the bribe­giver and bribe­taker have come together, has been allowed to be closed on the basis of a compromise memo; that   the   original   complainant   Shri   Arulmani   was   himself   an 9 employee   of   the   Metropolitan   Transport   Corporation   and consequently   a   public   servant;   that   the   allegations   revolved around payment of money to the then Transport Minister through his   Personal   Assistant   for   procuring   appointment   in   the Metropolitan Transport Corporation; and  that,  therefore, the High court committed a serious illegality in quashing the complaint on the basis of a compromise, despite the fact that even the offences indicated in the charge­sheet are not compoundable. The learned senior counsel drew our attention to the counter affidavit filed by the Investigation Officer before the High Court of Judicature at Madras in a writ petition in WP No.9061 of 2021 to highlight that the   allegations   are   of   serious   nature   warranting   a  prosecution under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (for short “P.C. Act”) and argued that the shocking manner in which the High Court had handled it, deserves special attention, if not special treatment. 8. Shri Prashant Bhushan, learned counsel appearing for Anti Corruption Movement, which is the appellant in 2 of the appeals, contended that the prosecution itself was guilty of not including in 10 the charge­sheet the offences under the P.C Act and  that  even the opportunity now available to the Court under Section 216 of the Cr.P.C.   is   nipped   in   the   bud   by   the   High   Court   allowing   a compromise and quashing the complaint. 9. Shri Rakesh Dwivedi, learned senior counsel appearing for the first respondent in these special leave petitions and who was the   petitioner   before   the   High   Court   in   the   quash   petition, supported the order of the High Court contending   inter alia   that the   statements   of   the   victims   did   not   make   out   a   case   for prosecution of the accused under the P.C Act;  that  this is why the final report filed by the police did not implicate the accused for any   offence   under   the   P.C   Act;   that   the   prosecution   was constrained   to   include   Section   409   IPC   only   because   of   a statement as though respondent No.1 was a Personal Assistant to the   then   Minister       (A­1);   that   however   no   such   order   of appointment of respondent No.1 as the Personal Assistant to the Minister   was   ever   brought   on   record;   that   in   the   Additional Affidavit   filed   by   respondent   No.1,   he   categorically   denied   any 11 association with the Minister as his Personal Assistant;   that   an attempt was  made  earlier,  by  two  other  individuals  who  made similar allegations against the then Transport Minister (present A­ 1), by filing petitions in Criminal O.P. (MD) No.14067 and 14967 of 2016, seeking  a direction to the police to register a complaint and investigate   into   the   same;     during   the   pendency   of   those that petitions, a criminal complaint came to   be registered in Crime No.15 of 2016;  that  one of the accused (the Managing Director of the Transport Corporation) immediately filed a quash petition in Crl. O.P. (MD) No. 16023 of 2016 in which the Transport Minister also got impleaded;  that  all those 3 criminal original petitions were heard together by the High Court;   that   by a final Order dated 19.09.2016   the   petitions   seeking   a   direction   for   registering   a complaint   were   rejected   but   the   petition   for   quashing   the complaint was allowed;  that  the common order so passed by the High   Court   on   19.09.2016   in   Criminal   O.P.   (MD)  Nos.   14067, 14967 and 16023 of 2016 was challenged before this Court by a third party, by way of special leave petitions;   that   by an order 12 dated 05.01.2017 this Court refused to grant leave to the third party to file special leave petitions;  that  the first attempt so made by   2   individuals   way   back   in   2016   to   somehow   implicate   the Minister thus failed; and  that,  therefore, the High Court was right in this case, in putting to rest, the repeated attempts made by rivals in politics to nix the accused.   10. Shri  Mukul Rohtagi,  learned  senior   counsel appearing for Shri Arulmani, on whose complaint the FIR in Crime No.344 of 2018 was registered on 13.08.2018, also supported the impugned order   of   the   High   Court   by   contending   inter   alia   that   the allegations made in the complaint did not make out a case for prosecution under the P.C Act;  that  the affidavits filed by all the so called victims before the High Court made it crystal clear that it was a simple money dispute;   that   the allegations complained of against the accused do not constitute offences against the State but revolved around a private dispute with regard to payment of money;  that  even in cases arising out of a prosecution under the P.C Act, this Court held in   vs. Sanjay Tiwari     State of Uttar 13 3 Pradesh & Another.  that a third party, who is neither a victim nor   an   accused,   cannot   poke   his   nose   into   the   criminal proceedings;     therefore, the appellants in the above appeals that have no  locus standi  to question the order of the High Court; and that  in the light of the contents of the affidavit filed by the  de facto complainant­Shri Arulmani before the High Court, no conclusion other than the one reached by the High Court is possible. 11. Shri C.A. Sundaram, learned senior counsel appearing for A­1 contended  inter aliathat  the appellants who have approached this Court have no  locus standi  to interfere with the proceedings initiated   at   the   behest   of   individual   complainants;   that   the appellants have taken cudgels on behalf of the political rivals, to undo   a   compromise   reached   between   a   few   individual complainants and persons who received money from them;   that the parameters laid down by this Court for closing criminal cases on the basis of the compromise reached between parties even in the   case   of   non­compoundable   offences,   have   been   followed 3   2020 SCC Online SC 1027 14 properly by the High Court in this case; and  that  since allegations of corruption are not made out in this case, there is no element of public interest involved. According to the learned senior counsel for A­1, the appellants are relying heavily upon other cases filed under the P.C Act, to upset a compromise reached in a case which does not concern allegations under the P.C Act. 12. Shri   Manan   Kumar   Mishra,   learned   Senior   Counsel appearing for respondent No.1 contended that the attempt of the appellants herein is only to harass the Minister. According to the learned senior counsel, there are two other pending complaints where allegations under the P.C Act are included. The appellants have already impleaded themselves as parties to those criminal complaints.   Therefore,   it   is   contended   by   Shri   Manan   Kumar Mishra that the whole exercise is unwarranted and nothing but witch hunting. Insofar as persons who claim to be victims due to their   non­selection   for   appointment   to   the   post   of conductors/drivers are concerned, it is contended by Shri Manan Kumar   Mishra   that   they   have   already   filed   writ   petitions 15 challenging their non­selection and hence their remedy does not lie in the present proceedings. 13. Shri S. Prabhakaran, learned Senior Counsel contended that the Minister concerned was a member of the splinter group which revolted against those in office during the previous regime and that   therefore   the   present   criminal   complaints   came   to   be registered at the behest of his political opponents and that the same   group   is   now   targeting   him   as   he   had   again   become   a Minister   in   the   present   regime.   Therefore,   the   learned   Senior Counsel submitted that this Court should see through this game before being swayed by legal nuances.  Discussion and Analysis 14. In   a   nutshell,   the   rival   contentions   revolve   around   three important issues. They are:    the  locus standi  of the appellants; (i) (ii)  the effect of the compromise entered into between the  de facto complainant and 13 named victims on the one hand and the four 16 accused   on   the   other   hand;   and   (iii)   the   non­inclusion   in  the charge­sheet of the offences under the P.C. Act. Locus standi 15. The preliminary objection of the respondents to the   locus   of the appellants, has to be rejected outright, for several standi reasons.   The   first   is   that   in   the   counter   affidavit   filed   by   the Assistant   Commissioner   of   Police,   Central   Crime   Branch,   Job Racket Wing, Chennai, to the writ petition WP No.9061 of 2021, he has narrated certain sequence of events which are as follows:     Pursuant   to   an   order   passed   by   the   High   Court   on (i) 09.06.2014   in   Writ   Appeal   No.1027   of   2013,   directing   all appointments  in all Government departments  to be  made only after   due   notification   to   the   public   in   Newspapers   besides sponsorship   from   the   Employment   Exchange,   the   Secretary   to Government,   Employment   and   Training   Department   sent   a communication to the Managing Directors of all State Transport Undertakings on 30.07.2014 to follow the directions of the High Court in the matter of appointments; (ii) All   the   representatives   of   all   the   State   Transport undertakings resolved in a meeting held on 06.10.2014 to conduct 17 future recruitments only after inviting applications from the open market through newspaper advertisements apart from getting a list of candidates sponsored by the Employment Exchange; (iii) Thereafter, Thiru Senthil Balaji, the then Transport Minister (A­1 in the present case) instructed the officers to collect details regarding   the   day­to­day   progress   of   the   recruitment   in   all   8 Transport Corporations of the State; These communications were directed to be transmitted to the (iv) Minister’s office     e­mail and the mail box was operated and via maintained by Shri B. Shanmugam and not by any of the other Personal Assistants of the Minister;  (v) The   advertisements   for   recruitment   were   issued   in newspapers on 02.11.2014. Simultaneously, the lists of eligible candidates   were   also   invited   from   the   concerned   Employment Exchanges; A total of 22602 applications were issued to the aspirants (vi) during the period from 03.11.2014 to 20.11.2014;  These 22,602 applications related to the posts of Reserved (vii) Crew Driver, Reserved Crew Conductor, Junior Tradesman, Junior Engineer and Assistant Engineer;   (viii) The total number of filled in applications received from the candidates was 16081;  But 12765 candidates attended the interview;  (ix) 18 (x) Orders of appointment were issued to 2209 candidates from the list given by the Minister; (xi) There were 5542 other eligible candidates;  (xii) Many of the note files have been created without any date; (xiii)  Appointment orders were issued to candidates whose names were contained in the list sent by the Transport Minister through his associate Shanmugam. 16. From what is extracted above from the counter affidavit of the Investigation Officer filed in a connected writ petition, it is clear   that   even  according   to  the   Investigating   Officer,   persons who claim to have paid money, but did not receive orders of appointment, were not the only victims. Persons who were more meritorious, but who did not get selected, on account of being   edged   out   by   candidates   who   paid   money   and   got selected, are also victims of the alleged corrupt practices, if those allegations are eventually proved . Shri P. Dharamaraj, who   is   the   appellant   in   one   of   these   appeals,   claims   to   be   a candidate who participated in the selection, but could not make it. 19 There is also an intervenor by name Shri Prithivirajan who was the petitioner in WP No.9061 of 2021, in which the counter affidavit referred   to   in   the   preceding   paragraph   was   filed   by   the Investigation   Officer.     This   candidate   was   not   selected   and according to him, he would have got selected, had there been no corrupt practices on the part of the concerned. 17. Even the learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents could not contest the position that a victim is entitled to file an appeal against the impugned order of the High Court.  If persons who participated in the selection process but who could not make it to the final list of selected candidates on account of the alleged corrupt practices adopted by those in power are not victims, we do not know who else could be a . victim 18. We cannot shy away from the fact that candidates, who are selected   and   appointed   to   posts   in   the   Government/public corporations by adopting corrupt practices, are eventually called 20 upon to render public service. It is needless to say that the quality of   public   service   rendered   by   such   persons   will   be   inversely proportionate to the corrupt practices adopted by them. Therefore, the   public,   who   are   recipients   of   these   services,   also   become victims,   though   indirectly,   because   the   consequences   of   such appointments get reflected sooner or later in the work performed by the appointees. Hence, to say that the appellants have no  locus , is to deny the existence of what is obvious. standi 19. The decision in  Sanjay Tiwari  (supra), relied upon by Shri Mukul   Rohtagi,   learned   senior   Counsel   for   the   de   facto complainant, is of no application to the case on hand. The appeal in  Sanjay Tiwari’ s  case arose out of an application for expediting the trial of a criminal case pending on the file of the Special Judge, Gorakhpur, for alleged offences under Sections 420, 467, 468, 471, 477A, 120B IPC and Section 13(1)(c)(d) read with Section 13(2) of P.C. Act. The said application for expediting the trial was moved by a person who was neither the victim nor the accused. Therefore, this Court found out that a person who has nothing to 21 do   with   the   pending   trial,   cannot   seek   to   expedite   the   trial, Paragraphs 11 to 15 of the said decision on which heavy reliance is placed read as follows:­ “11.   It is well settled that criminal trial where offences involved are   under   the   Prevention   of   Corruption   Act   have   to   be conducted   and   concluded   at   the   earliest   since   the   offences under Prevention of Corruption Act are offences which affect not only the accused but the entire society and administration. It is also well settled that the High Court in appropriate cases can very well under Section 482 Cr.P.C. or in any other proceeding can always direct trial court to expedite the criminal trial and issue such order as may be necessary. But the present is a case where proceeding initiated by respondent No. 2 does not appear to be a bona fide proceeding. Respondent No. 2 is in no way connected   with   initiation   of   criminal   proceeding   against   the appellant. Respondent No. 2 in his application under Section 482 Cr. P. C in paragraph 6 has described him as social activist and an Advocate. An application by a person who is in no way connected with the criminal proceeding or criminal trial under Section  482  Cr.P.C.  cannot   ordinarily   be   entertained  by   the High   Court.   A   criminal   trial   of   an   accused   is   conducted   in accordance   with   procedure   as   prescribed   by   the   Criminal Procedure   Code.     It   is   the   obligation   of   the   State   and   the prosecution   to   ensure   that   all   criminal   trials   are   conducted expeditiously so that justice can be delivered to the accused if found guilty. The present is not a case where prosecution or even   the   employer   of   the   accused   have   filed   an   application either   before   the   trial   court   or     in   any   other   court   seeking direction   as   prayed   by   respondent   No.   2   in   his   application under Section 482 Cr.P.C.  12. With regard to locus of a third party to challenge the criminal   proceedings   or   to   seek   relief   in  respect   of   criminal proceedings   of   accused   had   been   dealt   with   by   this   Court Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary ,(1991) 3 SCC 756. In the above case the CBI had registered FIR under the IPC as well as under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 against 14 accused. On 22 an application filed by the CBI the learned trial Judge allowing the application to the extent that request to conduct necessary investigation and to collect necessary evidence which can be collected in Switzerland passed order on 05.02.1990 which is to the following effect: In the result, the application of the CBI is allowed to the extent that a request to conduct the necessary investigation and to   collect   necessary   evidence   which   can   be   collected   in Switzerland and to the extent directed in this order shall be made   to   the   Competent   Judicial   Authorities   of   the Confederation   of   Switzerland   through   filing   of   the requisite/proper  undertaking  required   by  the   Swiss   law  and assurance for reciprocity.” A criminal miscellaneous application was filed by  Shri 13. H.S.   Chowdhary   seeking   various   prayers   before   the   Special Judge which petition was dismissed by the Special Judge. A criminal Revision under Sections 397/482 Cr. P.C. was filed by H.S. Chowdhary in the High Court to quash the order of the Special Judge, which Revision was also dismissed by the High Court. The appeals were filed in this Court by different parties challenging   the   said   order   including   H.S.   Chowdhary.   This court while dismissing the appeals filed by the H.S. Chowdhary and others made the following observations: “26. Even if there are million question of law to be deeply gone into and  examined in the criminal case of this nature registered against specified accused persons, it is for them and them   alone   to   raise   all   such   questions   and   challenge   the proceedings   initiated   against   them   at   the   appropriate   time before the proper forum and not for third parties under the garb of public interest litigants. “27.   We,   in   the   above   background   of   the   case,   after bestowing   our   anxious   and   painstaking   consideration   and careful thought to all aspects of the case and deeply examining the   rival   contentions   of   the   parties   both     collectively   and individually give our conclusions as follows: 1. Mr. H.S. Chowdhary has no locus standi (a) to file the petition under Article 51A as a public interest litigant praying that  no letter rogatory/request  be issued  at  the request of the CBI and he be permitted to join the inquiry 23 before the Special Court which on 5.2.90 directed issuance of   letter   rogatory/request   to   the   Competent   Judicial Authorities   of   the   Confederation   of   Switzerland;     (b)   to invoke the revisional jurisdiction of the High Court under Section   397   read   with   401   of   the   CrPC   challenging   the correctness, legality or propriety of the order dated 18.8.90 of the Special Judge; and (c) to invoke the extraordinary jurisdiction of the High Court under  Section 482 of the CrPC   for   quashing   the   First   Information   Report   dated 22.1.90 and all other proceedings arsing therefrom on the plea of preventing the abuse of the process of the Court. 28. In the result, we agree with the first part of the Order dated 19.12.90   of   Mr.   Justice   M.K   Chawla   holding   that   Mr.   H.S. Chowdhary and other intervening parties have no locus standi. We, however, set aside the second part of the impugned order whereby he has taken suo moto cognizance and issued show cause notice to the State and CBI and accordingly the show cause notice issued by him is quashed.”  14 .  This Court in the above case laid down that it is for the parties   in   the   criminal   case   to   raise   all   the   questions   and challenge the proceedings initiate against them at appropriate time before the proper forum and not for third parties under the grab of Public Interest Litigants. 15 .  We are fully satisfied that respondent No. 2 has no locus in the present case to file application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. asking the Court to expedite the hearing in criminal trial. We have already observed that all criminal trials where offences involved  under   the   prevention  of   Corruption  Act   have  to  be concluded at an early date and normally no exception can be taken to the order of the High Court directing the trial court to expedite the criminal trial but in the present case the fact is that proceedings have been initiated by respondent No. 2 who was not concerned with the proceedings is any manner and the respondent No. 2 has no locus to file application which was not clearly   maintainable,   we  are   of   the   view   that   the   impugned judgment   of   the   High   Court   dated   09.09.2020   cannot   be sustained.” 24 20. All that this Court pointed out in paragraph 11 of the decision in  Sanjay Tiwari  (supra) was that an application for expediting the trial, filed by a person who is in no way connected with the criminal proceeding or criminal trial cannot “ ordinarily be entertained bythe High Court. 21. The   decision   in   Janata   Dal   vs.   H.S   Chowdhary   and 4 Others  cited in paragraphs 12 and 13 of  Sanjay Tiwari  also has no application to the case on hand. In   (supra), which Janata Dal arose out of Bofors case, the Special Court allowed an application of CBI to conduct necessary investigation and to collect necessary evidence, in Switzerland. A letter rogatory was also issued. At that stage an Advocate by name H.S. Chowdhary filed a petition in public interest before the Special Judge, invoking Article 51A of the Constitution. He sought several reliefs including a direction not to issue letter rogatory and to allow him to join the enquiry before   the   Special   Court   in   the   capacity   of   a   public   interest 4   (1991) 3 SCC 756 25 litigant.  The  Special Court dismissed the petition filed by H.S. Chowdhary, but took up for consideration  suo moto , the question as to whether any  action under Section 340 of the Cr.PC. should be initiated or not. The order of the Special Judge was challenged by H.S. Chowdhary by way of revision before the High Court. The High Court held  that  H.S.  Chowdhary did  not  have  any   locus standi   to maintain the petition. It was the said order that was challenged by H.S. Chowdhary before this Court. The order of the Special   Judge   taking   suo   moto   action   was   also   challenged   by political parties. 22. While disposing of those appeals, this Court held that a third party has no   in a matter of this nature. It must be locus standi   noted that the attempt made by H.S. Chowdhary was to upset the move initiated by CBI to have a letter rogatory issued. He also wanted the FIR to be quashed. It is in that context that this Court answered the question of   as aforesaid. locus standi 26 23. Today, we have travelled a long way from the position of law as it stood then. By Act 5 of 2009, the definition of the word “ victim ” was inserted in Section 2(wa) of the Cr.P.C. It reads thus:
victim” means a person who has suffered any loss or injury
caused by reason of the act or omission for which the accused
person has been charged and the expression “victim” includes
his or her guardian or legal heir.”
Simultaneously, a  proviso  was also inserted under Section 372 of the Code providing a right of appeal to the victims.  24. In fact, long before the aforesaid amendment, the question of locus   standi   was   considered   by   this   Court   in   P.S.R. 5 vs . . The said case Sadhanantham   Arunachalam and Another arose under peculiar circumstances. A person who was convicted by the Sessions Court for an offence under Section 302 and whose conviction was set aside by the High Court, was convicted by this Court in a criminal appeal, filed not by the State, but by the brother of the victim, though he was neither the complainant nor the first informant. Thereafter, the accused filed a writ petition under Article 32 contending that this Court had no power to grant 5  (1980) 3 SCC 141 27 special leave to the brother of the victim to file an appeal against the judgment of the High Court. While rejecting the contention,   (as he then was) said in his Hon’ble Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer inimitable style:  “……the   bogey   of   busybodies   blackmailing   adversaries   through frivolous   invocation   of Article136 is   chimerical.   Access   to   Justice   to every   bona   fide   seeker   is   a   democratic   dimension   of   remedial jurisprudence even as public interest litigation, class action, pro bono proceedings,   etc.   We   cannot   dwell   in   the   home   of   processual obsolescence when our Constitution highlights social justice as a goal.” Therefore, the objection about the  locus standi  of the appellants is without   any   merit.  In  any   case,   the   appellant  in  one   of   these appeals, is a victim, as he could not get selected on account of the alleged corrupt practices. Therefore, the contention regarding the locus standi  of the appellants is to be rejected. 25. In fact, it is surprising that the   de facto   complainant Shri Arulmani has raised the question of  .  It is seen from locus standi his   complaint   dated   13.08.2018   that   he   is   working   in   the Technical   Wing   of   the   factory   of   the   Metropolitan   Transport Corporation. Therefore, he should not have, in the first instance, become a party  to the  transactions  narrated  in his  complaint. 28 After having been a party to the collection of money for illegitimate purposes, even while working in the Transport Corporation, the  de facto   complainant   Shri   Arulmani   has   committed   the   second mistake   of   filing   an   affidavit   supporting   the   compromise   and claiming therein as though he never made allegations against the Minister.  26. The   stand   taken   by   Arulmani   before   the   High   Court   is deplorable for one more reason. It is seen from an entry in the FIR out of which the present case arises, that Arulmani filed a criminal original petition in Crl. O.P.No. 24029 of 2017 on the file of the High Court, complaining that he lodged a complaint against these 4 accused way back on 21.09.2017 and that no action was taken. On   16.11.2017,   the   High   Court   passed   an   order   directing   the Police to act in accordance with the law laid down by this Court in 6 Lalita Kumari  vs.  Government of Uttar Pradeshand Others . It is only thereafter that the Police registered the FIR in Crime No. 344   of   2018   on   13.08.2018.   Therefore,   we   would   have   hardly 6  (2014) 2 SCC 1 29 expected Shri Arulmani to say that the allegations against the Minister were added up later by the Police and that it was a simple money dispute. His present stand  supporting the  accused and questioning the   of the appellants, is, to say the least, locus standi shocking and warrants something more than mere condemnation. We leave it at that in the hope that the employer and the State would take notice of his conduct. Suffice it to say for our present purpose   that   the   objection   relating   to   the     of   the locus   standi appellants is liable to be rejected. Accordingly, it is rejected.  The Effect of the compromise and the non­inclusion of the offences under the P.C. Act 27. The second issue arising for consideration is about the effect of the compromise entered into between the   de facto   complainant and 13 named victims on the one hand and the 4 accused on the other hand. 28. As we have pointed out earlier, the FIR was registered only for offences under Sections 405, 420 & 506(1) of the IPC. This was despite the fact that the allegations contained in the complaint very 30 clearly pointed to payment of money for procuring employment in the Public Transport Corporation. We have already extracted the entire complaint in paragraph 5(i) above. It was stated in the said complaint that in the year 2014, an announcement for filling up vacant posts of Conductor and Driver in the Transport Corporation was issued and that the complainant got introduced to one Mr. Rajkumar. In fact there is also an averment in the complaint that in the first week of January 2015, the complainant went along with the said Rajkumar to the residence of Thiru Senthil Balaji at R.A. Puram and that the amount of Rs.40 lakhs was paid therein to Shri Shanmugam, P.A. to the Minister. The complainant had gone on to state that upon his insistence, he was allowed to meet the Minister and his brother and that the Minister and his brother assured him that   all   those   who   gave   money   would   definitely   be   given appointment orders. 29. It must be recalled that though the FIR came to be registered only on 13.08.2018, it was actually in pursuance of an order passed by the High Court on 16.11.2017 in Crl. O.P. No. 24029 of 2017. 31 Therefore,   we   are   surprised   that   the   FIR   did   not   include   the offences under the P.C. Act, 1988. 30. While filing a final report, the Investigation Officer seems to have been little more gracious by including Section 409 IPC, since Sh.   Shanmugam,   the   person   who   received   the   money   from   the complainant and the victims was stated to be a Personal Assistant to the Minister. Additionally, the money was said to have been paid at the residence of the Minister with his knowledge and the Minister is stated (in the FIR) to have acknowledged that those who paid money will be rewarded with the appointment orders. 31. Thus it is clear that the final report implicated the accused for offences under Sections 406, 409, 420 and 506(1) IPC. None of these   offences   except   the   one   under   Section   506   IPC   is compoundable under sub­Section (1) of Section 320, Cr.P.C.   The offences under Sections 406 and 420 are compoundable under sub­ Section (2) of Section 320. 32. Sub­section (9) of Section 320 makes it clear that no offence shall be compounded except as provided by the Section.  Therefore, 32 there was no way the offence under Section 409 IPC, included in the final report, could have been compounded.  As a matter of fact, the High Court has recognised in the penultimate paragraph of the impugned order that the final report includes offences which are not compoundable. However, the High Court proceeded to quash the final report, purportedly on the basis of the guidelines issued by this Court in  Parbatbhai Aahir @ Parbathbhai  (supra) and  The (supra). Therefore we may now proceed State of Madhya Pradesh  to examine whether the High Court was right in doing so. 7 33. In   Gian Singh   vs.   State of Punjab and another ,  a three Member Bench of this Court was concerned with a reference made by a two Member Bench, which doubted the correctness of the decisions in   B.S. Joshi and Others vs. State of Haryana and 8 anotherNikhil Merchant  vs.  Central Bureau of Investigation 9 10 .  and  . and Anr Manoj Sharma vs. State and Others 7   (2012) 10 SCC 303 8   (2003) 4 SCC 675   (2008) 9 SCC 677 9 10  (2008) 16 SCC 1 33 34. B.S. Joshi  (supra) was a case where the dispute was a family dispute and the offences complained were under Sections 498A, 323 and 406. Therefore, this Court appears to have taken a lenient view.  35.   (supra)   is   a   case   where   a   borrower Nikhil   Merchant committed default in repayment of the loans taken from Andhra Bank. Apart from filing a suit for recovery of money, the Bank also filed a criminal complaint both against the officers of the company and against the officers of the bank, not only for offences under the IPC  but  also  for  offences  under  the   PC  Act.  After  the   suit was compromised,   the   Managing   Director   of   the   borrower   Company sought to get discharged from the complaint. The special Judge (CBI)   rejected   the   application   for   discharge.   The   High   Court confirmed the same. But this Court reversed the decision of the High Court, solely on the ground that the amount payable to the Bank stood settled. However, it must be noticed that in   Nikhil Merchant , the operative portion of the order of this Court merely 34 stated   that   the   criminal   proceedings   were   quashed   against   the appellant therein. There   is   no   indication   therein   that   the complaint against the officers for offences under the P.C. Act were also quashed.  36. Manoj   Sharma   (supra)   was   a   case   where   the   offences complained   were   under   Sections   420,   468,   471,   34   read   with Section   120B   IPC.   Though   this   Court   quashed   the   criminal complaint   in   the   said   case   also,   one   of   the   learned   Judges constituting   the   Bench   ( Markandey   Katju,   J. )   reserved   the question   regarding   the   power   of   the   High   Court   to   quash  non­ compoundable cases under Section 482 Cr.P.C or Article 226 of the Constitution, on the basis of the compromise reached between the parties, to be decided by a larger bench at an appropriate time. Paragraph 27 of the decision in  Manoj Sharma  which contains the opinion of  Markandey Katju, J ., reads as follows:  
27.There can be no doubt that a case underSection 302IPC
or other serious offences like those underSections 395,307or
304­B cannot be compounded and hence proceedings in those
provisions cannot be quashed by the High Court in exercise of
its power underSection 482Cr.P.C. or in writ jurisdiction on
35
the basis of compromise. However, in some other cases, (like
those akin to a civil nature) the proceedings can be quashed by
the High Court if the parties have come to an amicable
settlement even though the provisions are not compoundable.
Where a line is to be drawn will have to be decided in some later
decisions of this Court, preferably by a larger bench (so as to
make it more authoritative). Some guidelines will have to be
evolved in this connection and the matter cannot be left at the
sole unguided discretion of Judges, otherwise there may be
conflicting decisions and judicial anarchy. A judicial discretion
has to be exercised on some objective guiding principles and
criteria, and not on the whims and fancies of individual Judges.
Discretion, after all, cannot be the Chancellor's foot.”
37.
this Court took up for consideration the question regarding the difference   between   the   power   of   the   court   to   quash   a complaint/charge­sheet  and the  power to compound  an offence. After analysing the statutory provisions and the various decisions of this Court, this Court summarised the position, in paragraph 61 of its decision in  , as follows: Gian Singh
“The position that emerges from the above discussion can be
summarised thus: the power of the High Court in quashing a
criminal proceeding or FIR or complaint in exercise of its
inherent jurisdiction is distinct and different from the power
given to a criminal court for compounding the offences
underSection 320of the Code. Inherent power is of wide
plenitude with no statutory limitation but it has to be exercised
in accord with the guideline engrafted in such power viz; (i) to
secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process
of any Court. In what cases power to quash the criminal
36
proceeding or complaint or F.I.R may be exercised where the
offender and victim have settled their dispute would depend on
the facts and circumstances of each case and no category can
be prescribed. However, before exercise of such power, the High
Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the
crime. Heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or
offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. cannot be fittingly
quashed even though the victim or victim’s family and the
offender have settled the dispute. Such offences are not private
in nature and have serious impact on society. Similarly, any
compromise between the victim and offender in relation to the
offences under special statutes likePrevention of Corruption
Actor the offences committed by public servants while working
in that capacity etc; cannot provide for any basis for quashing
criminal proceedings involving such offences. But the criminal
cases having overwhelmingly and pre­dominatingly civil flavour
stand on a different footing for the purposes of quashing,
particularly the offences arising from commercial, financial,
mercantile, civil, partnership or such like transactions or the
offences arising out of matrimony relating to dowry, etc. or the
family disputes where the wrong is basically private or personal
in nature and the parties have resolved their entire dispute. In
this category of cases, the High Court may quash criminal
proceedings if in its view, because of the compromise between
the offender and victim, the possibility of conviction is remote
and bleak and continuation of the criminal case would put the
accused to great oppression and prejudice and extreme
injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal
case despite full and complete settlement and compromise with
the victim. In other words, the High Court must consider
whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice
to continue with the criminal proceeding or continuation of the
criminal proceeding would tantamount to abuse of process of
law despite settlement and compromise between the victim and
wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of justice, it is
appropriate that the criminal case is put to an end and if the
answer to the above question(s) is in affirmative, the High Court
shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal
proceeding.”
37 38. After   Gian   Singh ,   this   Court   was   concerned   in   Narinder 11 vs.  with the Singh and Others       State of Punjab and Another perennial problem of courts swinging from one extreme to the other in respect of cases involving offences under Section 307 IPC. A via media was struck by this Court in the said decision, by holding that it would be open to the High Court to go into the nature of the injury sustained, nature of the weapons used etc. This was after holding that an offence under Section 307 would fall in the category of heinous and serious offence. 39. Then came the decision in   State of Maharashtra through Central   Bureau   of   Investigation   vs.   Vikram   Anantrai   Doshi 12 ,  where this Court was concerned with an order of the and Others High   Court   of   Bombay   quashing   the   criminal   proceedings   for offences punishable under Sections 406, 420, 467, 468 & 471 read with   Section   120B   IPC.   It   was   a   case   involving   credit   facilities provided by the Banks and the failure of the borrowers to repay the (2014) 6 SCC 466 11 12  (2014) 15 SCC 29 38 loan. After the debts due to the bank were assigned in favour of an Asset Reconstruction Company, a settlement was reached and the borrower took a “ No Due Certificate ”. Therefore, relying upon the decisions   of   this   Court   in   Madan   Mohan   Abbot   vs.   State   of 13   and vs. Punjab   Central   Bureau   of   Investigation     A. 14 Ravishankar Prasad and Others , the High Court of Bombay quashed the proceedings on the ground that no useful purpose would be served by allowing the matter to proceed for trial. It is interesting to note that     (supra), as seen from the Madan Mohan last paragraph of the order, was passed in the peculiar facts of the case.   But   in   so   far   as   A.   Ravishankar   Prasad   (supra)   is concerned, the High Court quashed the proceedings on the basis of a settlement reached between the borrowers and the Indian Bank. But the decision of the High Court was over turned, by a two Judge Bench of this Court even after taking note of  B.S.Joshi  and  Nikhil  (2008) 4 SCC 582 13 14  (2009) 6 SCC 351 39 Merchant .  In paragraph 46 of its decision, this Court said in  A.  :­ Ravishankar Prasad 46. Before parting with the case we would like to observe that “ mere repayment of loan under a settlement cannot exempt the accused from the criminal proceeding in the facts of this case.” 40. Therefore, in  Vikram Anantrai Doshi  (supra), this Court took note of the aforesaid decisions and held in paragraph 26 as follows:­ “26.   We are in respectful agreement with the aforesaid view. Be it stated, that availing of money from a nationalised bank in the manner, as alleged by the investigating agency, vividly exposits fiscal   impurity   and,   in   a   way,   financial   fraud.   The   modus operandi as narrated in the charge­sheet cannot be put in the compartment of an individual or personal wrong. It is a social wrong and it has immense societal impact. It is an accepted principle   of   handling   of   finance   that   whenever   there   is manipulation   and   cleverly   conceived   contrivance   to   avail   of these kinds of benefits it cannot be regarded as a case having overwhelmingly   and   predominatingly   civil   character.   The ultimate   victim   is   the   collective.   It   creates   a   hazard   in   the financial   interest   of   the   society.   The   gravity   of   the   offence creates   a   dent   in   the   economic   spine   of   the   nation.   The cleverness which has been skillfully contrived, if the allegations are true, has a serious consequence. A crime of this nature, in our view, would definitely fall in the category of offences which travel   far   ahead   of   personal   or   private   wrong.   It   has   the potentiality to usher in economic crisis. Its implications have its own seriousness, for it creates a concavity in the solemnity that is expected in financial transactions. It is not such a case where one can pay the amount and obtain a “no dues certificate” and enjoy the benefit of quashing of the criminal proceeding on the hypostasis that nothing more remains to be done. The collective interest of which the Court is the guardian cannot be a silent or a mute spectator to allow the proceedings to be withdrawn, or 40
for that matter yield to the ingenuous dexterity of the accused<br>persons to invoke the jurisdiction under Article 226 of the<br>Constitution or under Section 482 of the Code and quash the<br>proceeding. It is not legally permissible. The Court is expected<br>to be on guard to these kinds of adroit moves. The High Court,<br>we humbly remind, should have dealt with the matter keeping<br>in mind that in these kinds of litigations the accused when<br>perceives a tiny gleam of success, readily invokes the inherent<br>jurisdiction for quashing of the criminal proceeding. The Court's<br>principal duty, at that juncture, should be to scan the entire<br>facts to find out the thrust of allegations and the crux of the<br>settlement. It is the experience of the Judge that comes to his<br>aid and the said experience should be used with care, caution,<br>circumspection and courageous prudence. As we find in the<br>case at hand the learned Single Judge has not taken pains to<br>scrutinise the entire conspectus of facts in proper perspective<br>and quashed the criminal proceeding. The said quashment<br>neither helps to secure the ends of justice nor does it prevent<br>the abuse of the process of the court nor can it be also said that<br>as there is a settlement no evidence will come on record and<br>there will be remote chance of conviction. Such a finding in our<br>view would be difficult to record. Be that as it may, the fact<br>remains that the social interest would be on peril and the<br>prosecuting agency, in these circumstances, cannot be treated<br>as an alien to the whole case. Ergo, we have no other option but<br>to hold that the order [Vikram Anantrai Doshi v. State of<br>Maharashtra, Criminal Application No. 2239 of 2009, order<br>dated 22­4­2010 (Bom)] of the High Court is wholly<br>indefensible.
the   impugned   order,   a   3   member   Bench   of   this   Court   again summarised the broad principles on this question in paragraph 16. Paragraph 16.6 and 16.8 to 16.10 of the decision read as follows:­ 41 “ 16.6 . In the exercise of the power under Section 482 and while dealing with a plea that the dispute has been settled, the High Court must have due regard to the nature and gravity of the offence.   Heinous   and   serious   offences   involving   mental depravity or offences such as murder, rape and dacoity cannot appropriately be quashed though the victim or the family of the victim   have   settled   the   dispute.   Such   offences   are,   truly speaking, not private in nature but have a serious impact upon society. The decision to continue with the trial in such cases is founded   on   the   overriding   element   of   public   interest   in punishing persons for serious offences. 16.8.   Criminal   cases   involving   offences   which   arise   from commercial,   financial,   mercantile,   partnership   or   similar transactions with an essentially civil flavour may in appropriate situations   fall   for   quashing   where   parties   have   settled   the dispute. . In such a case, the High Court may quash the criminal 16.9 proceeding if in view of the compromise between the disputants, the possibility of a conviction is remote and the continuation of a criminal proceeding would cause oppression and prejudice; and 16.10.   There   is  yet   an  exception  to  the  principle   set   out   in propositions 16.8. and 16.9. above. Economic offences involving the   financial   and   economic   well­being   of   the   State   have implications  which  lie  beyond  the  domain  of  a  mere  dispute between private disputants. The High Court would be justified in declining to quash where the offender is involved in an activity akin to a financial or economic fraud or misdemeanour. The consequences of the act complained of upon the financial or economic system will weigh in the balance.” 42. Thus it is clear from the march of law that the Court has to go slow even while exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.PC or Article 226 of the Constitution in the matter of quashing of criminal proceedings   on   the   basis   of   a   settlement   reached   between   the 42 parties, when the offences are capable of having an impact not merely on the complainant and the accused but also on others.   43. As seen from the final report filed in this case and the counter affidavit   filed   by   the   I.O.,   persons   who   have   adopted   corrupt practices to secure employment in the Transport Corporation fall under two categories namely,    (i)   those who paid money and got orders of appointment; and   those who paid money but failed to (ii) nd secure employment. If persons belonging to the 2   category are allowed to settle their dispute by taking refund of money, the same would   affix   a   seal   of   approval   on   the   appointment   of   persons st belonging to the 1  category. Therefore, the High Court ought not to have   quashed   the   criminal   proceedings   on   the   basis   of   the compromise. 44. It is needless to point out that corruption by a public servant is an offence against the State and the society at large.  The Court cannot   deal   with   cases   involving   abuse   of   official   position   and adoption of corrupt practices, like suits for specific performance, where the refund of the money paid may also satisfy the agreement 43 holder. Therefore we hold that the High Court was completely in error in quashing the criminal complaint. 45. Coming to the next issue regarding the non­inclusion in the final report, of the offences under the P.C. Act, the less said the better. In the counter affidavit filed by the I.O. to the writ petition W.P.No.9061   of   2021,   filed   by   the   non­selected   candidates,   the modus operandi   adopted by the accused has been given in detail. We have provided a gist of the contents of such counter affidavit elsewhere in this judgment. We are constrained to say that even a novice in criminal law would not have left the offences under the P.C. Act, out of the final report.  The attempt of the I.O. appears to be of one, “ willing to strike but afraid to wound ” (the opposite of 15 what Alexander Pope wrote in “ Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot ”) . 46. An   argument   was   sought   to   be   advanced   as   though   the Minister   was   not   involved   and   that   Shri   Shanmugam   who   is allegedly   involved,   was   not   the   P.A.   to   the   Minister.   But   this argument flies in the face of the contents of paragraph 11 of the 15  Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer, And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer,  Willing to wound and yet afraid to strike , just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. 44 counter affidavit filed by the I.O. in W.P. No.9061 of 2021 which reads as follows:­ “11. It   is   respectfully   submitted   that,   after   the   Notification process   Tr.V.Senthil   Balaji,   then   Minister   for   Transport instructed   Tr.Sarangan,   Special   Officer,   Tr.K.T.Govindarajan, Senior  Deputy  Manager, Administration, Tr. V.Venkadarajan, who were serving in the Chairman office, to collect the details regarding the day­to­day progress of the recruitment such as, sale   of   application,   receipt   of   filled   application,   interviews conducted, etc…   Accordingly, they have collected the details from all the eight Transport Corporations through their email address   ‘chotpt@gmail.com’  and   on   the   same   day,   they transmitted   it   to   the   Minister’s   office   email   id ‘ministertransport@yahoo.com’.   The   e­mail   communications made between Chairman office and Transport Corporations on 03.11.2014, 04.11.2014 and 05.12.2014 from the office of the Chairman, Transport Corporations, Chennai.  Many a time, the data had also been sent to Tr.M. Vetrichelvan, Public Relations Officer (PRO) of MTC to his email address ‘vetri67@gmailcom’, as   he   was   very   close   to   the   then   Transport   Minister   Tr.V. Senthil Balaji.  It is pertinent to mention here that the e­mail named   ‘ministertransport@yahoo.com’  had   been   maintained only   by   Tr.B.Shanmugam   and   not   by   any   of   the   Personal Assistants of the Minister Tr.V.Senthil Balaji.” Therefore, the argument that there is nothing on record to show that Shri Shanmugam was appointed as P.A. to the Minister, is to be stated only to be rejected. 47. Yet another contention raised on behalf of the respondents is that there are two other cases where allegations of corruption are made and that CC No.25 of 2021 with which we are concerned now, 45 did not involve allegations of corruption. But the said contention is abhorring, for the simple reason that all criminal complaints arose out of the very same cash­for­job scam. We are informed that the proceedings in respect of those two cases have also been stayed by the High Court. We do not know how the High Court could have stayed   prosecution   of   persons   under   the   P.C.   Act,   especially   in matters of this nature. 48. As a matter of fact, the State ought to have undertaken a comprehensive investigation into the entire scam, without allowing the   accused   to   fish   out   one   case   as   if   it  was   a  private   money dispute. 49. The reliance placed by the respondents on an order passed by the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court on an earlier occasion in Criminal O.P.(MD)Nos.14067, 140967, 16023 of 2016, will not have bearing upon the present complaints. In fact, the SLP filed by rd a   3   party   against   the   order   passed   in   those   petitions   was dismissed   by   this   Court   on   05.01.2017   even   at   the   stage   of 46 permission to file SLP. Therefore the respondents cannot rely upon the same as if it constitutes a precedent. Conclusion 50. In the light of what is stated above, the impugned order of the High   Court   is   wholly   unsustainable.   Therefore   the   appeals   are allowed and the impugned order of the High Court is set aside.  The criminal complaint is restored to file.   The I.O. shall now proceed under Section 173(8) of the Code to file a further report, based on the   observations   made   in   the   preceding   paragraphs. Additionally/alternatively, the Special Court before which the CC is pending, shall exercise power under Section 216 of the Cr.P.C., if there is any reluctance on the part of the State/I.O.  If two other cases where offences under the P.C. Act are included, are under the orders of stay passed by the High Court, the State should take appropriate steps to have the stay vacated. The Court dealing with those two cases should also keep in mind the disastrous effect of putting on hold the prosecution under the P.C. Act. 47 51. At present we are not passing any orders on the prayer made by the intervenors either to constitute a Special Investigation Team or   to   appoint   Special  Public   Prosecutor,   since   we   do  hope   that based on the observations made above, the State itself may do the needful. We also make it clear that at the time of trial, the Special Court may not be swayed by the observations contained herein, but proceed on the merits of the case and the law on the points. The appeals are allowed.  I.As stand closed. ……………………………J. (S.Abdul Nazeer) …………………………...J. (V. Ramasubramanian) New Delhi September  8, 2022 48