OM PARKASH vs. AMAR SINGH .

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 21-10-2019

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Full Judgment Text

NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE/ORIGINAL JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).8175   OF 2019 (arising out of SLP(C) No.3343 of 2014) OM PARKASH AND ANOTHER              ... ...APPELLANT(S) VERSUS AMAR SINGH AND ANOTHER        ...RESPONDENT(S) WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).8176     OF 2019 (arising out of SLP(C) No.20368 of 2015)
AMAR SINGH...
VERSUS
OM PARKASH AND OTHERS
AND
CONTEMPT PETITION (C) No.468 OF 2014
IN CIVIL APPEAL NO.1637 OF 2011
AMAR SINGH.
VERSUS
OM PARKASH AND OTHERS
JUDGMENT NAVIN SINHA, J. Delay condoned. Leave granted. 2. The appellant­Om Parkash is the decree holder aggrieved by the order of the High court holding that the delivery of the suit Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Sanjay Kumar Date: 2020.11.05 14:22:34 IST Reason: property to him in the execution proceedings by use of police force, was vitiated in law as no orders had been obtained from 1 the Court for such police assistance.   Judgment debtor Amar Singh has been directed to be put back in possession through the bailiff.   The   execution   proceedings   closed   on   24.10.2013   after delivery   of   possession,   has   been   revived.   The   entitlement   to possession   has   been   left   to   be   decided   afresh   in   the   revived execution proceedings.  The parties shall hereinafter be referred to   as   decree   holder   and   judgment   debtor   respectively   for convenience. 3. The controversy for our determination in the present appeal as   addressed   by   learned   counsel   for   the   parties   is   extremely limited. Whether delivery of possession to the decree holder with police assistance was vitiated in absence of any orders by the Court for providing such police assistance? 4. Learned counsel for the decree holder Shri Gagan Gupta submitted  that the   High Court has  erred  in holding  that the decree holder had resorted to unlawful and illegal methods for execution of the decree for possession.   The decree holder had never   made   any   request   for   deployment   of   police   force   for execution.  The Tehsildar himself being apprehensive of law and order problems during delivery of possession to the decree holder, had   suo   moto   sought   police   assistance   from   the   District 2 Magistrate and in pursuance of which the Commissioner of Police had   directed   the   deployment.   The   Deputy   Commissioner   had instructed the Tehsildar to send compliance report to the court directly.   In   consequence,   possession   was   delivered   on 11.10.2013. The executing court accepted the report regarding delivery of possession and closed the execution proceedings.  The decree holder had purchased the suit lands in a court auction sale dated 27.03.1990.  Sale certificate was issued in his favour on 27.04.1998 and registration completed on 30.04.1998.  After a protracted battle at the instance of the judgment debtor Amar Singh,   delivery   of   possession   had   been   effected.     The   decree holder has remained in possession by virtue of the order of status quo passed by this court on 05.02.2014. 5. Shri   Rakesh   Kumar   Khanna,   learned   senior   counsel appearing   for   judgment   debtor,   submitted   that   the   anxiety expressed   by   the   High   Court   in   the   impugned   order   is   fully justified and calls for no interference. In an execution proceeding, resort to use of police force for effecting delivery of possession without obtaining appropriate orders from the executing court in that regard is a practice fraught with danger. A decree holder 3 cannot be permitted to resort to procedures contrary to the law to take   forcible   possession   by   sheer   use   of   police   force   merely because he has a Decree in his favour.  Such an act amounts to subverting the law and misusing the process of law and courts. A litigant cannot be permitted to abuse the process of law and must pay   the   price   by   redelivery   of   possession.   Repeated   judicial pronouncements have held that in this country, possession can be taken even by a lawful owner only in accordance with law and if dispossession is contrary to law, the person evicted has to be put back in possession till he is duly evicted in accordance with law.   6. We   have   been   carefully   taken   through   the   materials   on record and have also heard the counsel for the parties at length. Though   the   nature   of   the   controversy   before   us   is   extremely limited, a brief recapitulation of facts will be necessary to put matters in its proper perspective for better appreciation. 7. The judgment debtor claimed to be a purchaser of the suit property   by   a   sale   deed   dated   13.02.1973.   His   writ   petition challenging the acquisition proceedings under Section 4 of the 4 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 dated 10.12.1973, after publication of the award, was dismissed on 10.04.1989.   The acquired lands became the subject of recovery proceedings with regard to a claim for compensation by another whose lands were also acquired but compensation   was   not   paid.     The   decree   holder   was   the successful bidder in a court auction held on 27.03.1990.   The auction sale was confirmed on 17.03.1997, sale certificate was issued in his favour and the sale deed registered on 30.04.1998. The decree holder then applied for delivery of possession in an execution proceeding dated 19.09.1998.  At this stage, judgment debtor   filed   Civil   Suit   No.236   of   1998   seeking   permanent injunction against dispossession from the suit lands. Objections were also filed by judgment debtor under Order 21, Rules 97 & 99 of the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter called “the CPC”) in the execution proceedings instituted by the decree holder.   On 20.10.1999, the execution proceedings were dismissed as being barred by time with liberty  to file a substantive  civil  suit for possession.   The   decree   holder   then   filed   a   fresh   suit   for possession   on   11.01.2000.     The   judgment   debtor   had   filed   a Miscellaneous   Application   in   the   execution   proceedings   to restrain his dispossession from the suit lands.  The decree holder 5 had preferred Civil Revision No. 4348 of 2006 against the same before the High Court which culminated in a Civil Appeal No. 1637   of   2011   before   this   Court   by   judgment   debtor.     On 14.02.2011, the Civil Appeal was disposed of granting status quo till disposal of the proceedings pending before the High Court.   A contempt petition has also been filed arising from the same.  In view of the fact that the proceedings before the High Court had itself been disposed of, in our opinion nothing survives in the contempt petition. 8. The Civil Suit filed by the decree holder for possession and the suit filed by the judgment debtor for injunction, were heard together.  The suit by the decree holder was decreed and the suit by the judgment debtor was dismissed.  The first appeal preferred by   the   judgment   debtor   was   dismissed   on   12.04.2017. Thereafter, he preferred a regular second appeal only in the year 2019 and which is stated to be pending before the High court. 9. The decree holder then filed fresh execution proceedings on 26.05.2012.     The   objections   filed   by   judgment   debtor   to   the execution  proceedings   were   dismissed   on  10.04.2013   and   the appeal preferred him has also been rejected on 12.04.2017.  6 10. At this stage, it may only be noticed that after dismissal of his writ petition on 10.04.1989 challenging the land acquisition proceedings,   judgment   debtor   had   filed   an   application   under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC for rejection of the suit for possession filed by the decree holder. The application was rejected.  Civil Revision No.   4522   of   2009   preferred   by   judgment   debtor   was   also dismissed by the High Court holding that the lands had already vested in the State pursuant to acquisition and that judgment debtor had no subsisting right, title or interest in the suit lands. The order of status quo in Civil Appeal No.1637 of 2011 arose from the execution proceedings levied on 27.03.1990 by another claimant who had not been paid compensation for acquired lands and for which reason the suit lands were attached as ownership stood vested in the State by virtue of acquisition.  Once the suit property was auction sold in the said execution proceedings and it came to an end, the order of status quo loses much of its significance. In any event the appellant instituted fresh execution proceedings   on   26.05.2012.     It   will,   thus,   be   seen   that notwithstanding the decree in his favour, the decree holder has 7 since long been prevented and stalled by the judgment debtor from obtaining possession in execution proceedings. 11.   Warrant for possession was issued on 13.03.2013, which could   not   be   executed.     Fresh   warrants   for   possession   were issued   on   10.05.2013   which   also   could   not   be   executed. Consequently, fresh warrants were again issued for 19.07.2013 which were followed by fresh warrants returnable on 27.08.2013. In   the   meantime,   the   Tehsildar   on   09.05.2013   wrote   to   the District Magistrate requesting for police help as he apprehended trouble at the time of delivery of possession.  There is no material to conclude that it was done at the behest of the decree holder. The delivery warrants issued on 27.08.2013 was made returnable on 05.10.2013.  The authorities were nonetheless proceeding on basis of the earlier delivery warrants. The request for police help by  the Tehsildar   was   then   routed   through  the  Sub­Divisional Magistrate,   the   District   Magistrate,   the   Deputy   Commissioner and   the   Commissioner   of   Police.   Possession   was   delivered   in presence of the police on 11.10.2013.  The delivery of possession proceedings records that there had been some obstruction during the process which was also video graphed but ultimately in view of   the   police   presence  matters   were  pacified.     The   warrants 8 recording delivery of possession were returned back to the court leading to the closing of execution proceedings on 24.10.2013. 12. The judgment debtor was well aware that the lands had already   vested   in   the   State   pursuant   to   the   land   acquisition proceedings.  His challenge to the same had been unsuccessful. His suit had as also the First Appeal had been dismissed.   His objections in the execution proceedings were also rejected.   He therefore had no authority or right to remain in possession of suit lands   and   was   required   to   vacate   the   premises.     In   the circumstances,   it   cannot   be   said   that   the   apprehensions expressed by the authorities at the time of delivery of possession was   or wholly unwarranted.  The present is not a case malafide where the judgment debtor has been forcibly ousted from the suit lands by use of brute police power without any orders in court proceedings. 13. Order 21 Rule 25 of the CPC provides for endorsement by the officer entrusted with the execution that if he is unable to execute the process, the court shall examine the reasons for the alleged inability  and   pass  appropriate   orders.   No  report  was submitted by the bailiff asking for police assistance in execution 9 for reasons specified.  Likewise, there is no report under Order 21 Rule 35(3) CPC requesting for police assistance for effectuating delivery of possession.   There is no material if the application before the Tehsildar was made by the bailiff or the decree holder. Be that as it may, we are constrained to hold that the procedure adopted by the police with regard to the delivery of possession by resorting to a manner outside the procedure of the court, using the court orders as an umbrella was wholly unwarranted. The executive   authorities   were   completely   unjustified   in  their   over enthusiasm   without   asking   for   proper   court   orders   regarding police assistance despite the fact that they were fully aware that possession was to be delivered in pursuance of a court order.  At this belated point of time, we are not inclined or persuaded to order further enquiry into that aspect of the matter.  The anxiety expressed by the High Court cannot be said to be unfounded or without substance.   We fully endorse the anguish of the High Court, but in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the present case, the apparent absence of the semblance of any right, title or interest in the judgment debtor to be on the lands in question, in exercise of our discretionary jurisdiction decline to interfere with the   order   dated   11.10.2013   recording   delivery   of   possession. 10 This order is being passed in the peculiar facts of the present case.  We may not be understood to have pardoned or overlooked the executive authorities for the manner in which they have acted and any misadventure in future without appropriate orders of a court   will   be   obviously   at   their   own   risks,   costs   and consequences. 14. We, therefore, set aside that part of the order of the High Court by which possession has been directed to be redelivered to judgment   debtor,   and   the   execution   proceedings   have   been revived for fresh delivery of possession to the decree holder.  With that   modification   of   the   impugned   order,   the   appeals   and contempt petition stand disposed of. .………………………. J.   (Navin Sinha) ………………………. J.    (B.R. Gavai)   New Delhi, October 21, 2019 11