SANTOSH KUMAR MEENA vs. GOVT. OF N.C.T. OF DELHI .

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

Rakesh Kumar Sharma …Appellant Versus Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Ors. …Respondents J U D G M E N T Dr. B. S. CHAUHAN, J. 1. This appeal has been preferred against the impugned judgment and order dated 13.2.2013, passed by the High Court of Delhi at New JUDGMENT Delhi allowing the Writ Petition No.5150 of 2012 filed by the respondents against the judgment and order of the Central Administrative Tribunal, New Delhi (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Tribunal’) dated 3.1.2012 passed in O.A. No. 3420/2010, whereunder the Tribunal quashed the show cause notice/order passed by respondent no.1 terminating the services of the appellant for not Page 1 possessing the requisite eligibility as on the last date of submission of applications. 2. Facts and circumstances giving rise to this appeal are that: A. Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board – Respondent no.3 being a recruitment agency issued an advertisement dated 12.10.2007 inviting applications for recruitment to the post of Trained Graduate Teachers (hereinafter called ‘TGT’) for various courses including TGT (Sanskrit). The last date for submission of the application was 29.10.2007. B. A pre-requisite qualification for the post was that of B.Ed. Though he had appeared in the B.Ed examination prior to submission of the application for TGT (Sanskrit), the result however was declared JUDGMENT only on 28.1.2008. He participated in the selection process as he made a representation that he had acquired the requisite eligibility. The appointment letter dated 19.6.2009 was issued making it clear that the appointment was temporary and on provisional basis for two years and further subject to verification of character, antecedents and educational qualification etc. by the Deputy Director Education, New Delhi (hereinafter called ‘DDE’). The appellant joined the 2 Page 2 service as TGT (Sanskrit) on 26.6.2009. The DDE issued a show cause notice dated 21.9.2010 to the appellant to show cause why his services should not be terminated as he was awarded the B.Ed degree

29.10.2007. C. In clause 11 of the letter of offer of appointment it was made clear that if at any stage it is found that any information/declaration and submission given by a candidate was false or that any information had been concealed/misrepresented , the appointment would be terminated and further the candidate would be liable to be proceeded against in the matter. D. The appellant submitted the reply to the said show cause notice stating that subsequent to his joining the post he had submitted the JUDGMENT copies of the documents including marks sheet of B.Ed for verification and he possessed the eligibility and there was no question of any concealment/misrepresentation on his part. As the reply submitted by the appellant was found to be unsatisfactory, the competent authority DDE passed an order dated 5.10.2010 terminating the services of the appellant. The order recites that the employment had been obtained by misrepresentation since he was 3 Page 3 ineligible, not being possessed of the educational qualification of B.Ed on the last date of submission of the application. The information furnished by him was found to be false and as per clause

His services were accordingly liable to be terminated. E. Aggrieved, the appellant challenged the show cause as well as the said order of termination by filing O.A. No.3420 of 2010 on various grounds before the Tribunal, which was allowed vide judgment and order dated 3.1.2012 quashing the said show cause notice and granting all consequential benefits to the appellant. F. Aggrieved, the respondents, Govt. of NCT of Delhi challenged the same before the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi by filing Writ Petition No.5150 of 2012. When the matter came up for hearing on JUDGMENT 13.2.2013, the High Court allowed the writ petition placing reliance on the judgment and order passed in connected Writ Petition No.4798 of 2012 basically on the ground that the appellant did not possess the requisite eligibility in qualification on the prescribed date. Hence, this appeal. 4 Page 4 3. We have heard S/Shri Rajat Aneja, Aruneshwar Gupta, Bharat Singh, Sanjiv Sen, learned counsel for the appellant in this appeal as well as in other connected appeals and Shri Rakesh K. Khanna,

4. The facts are not in dispute. As per the advertisement, applications had to be submitted by 29.10.2007 and the appellant made a representation that he had obtained the B.Ed degree but could not submit a copy of the marks sheet or Degree certificate. The appointment letter dated 19.6.2009 was temporary/provisional, subject to verification of various aspects including that of educational qualification. The appellant was permitted to join services on the basis of provisional appointment letter and therefore, the sole question involved herein is whether the appellant could claim any relief, if for JUDGMENT one reason or the other his result had not been declared upto the last date of the submission of the application form. 5. A three Judge Bench of this Court in State of Punjab & Ors. v. Surinder Kumar & Ors ., AIR 1992 SC 1593 dealt with a case where regular appointment had not been made. The court held that unless a person holds the post permanently, his services would be governed by the terms and conditions incorporated in the appointment 5 Page 5 letter and the court must in all circumstances enforce the terms specifically stated therein.

invited. Any person eligible on the last date of submission of the application has a right to be considered against the said vacancy provided he fulfils the requisite qualification. 7. In U.P. Public Service Commission, U.P., Allahabad & Anr. v. Alpana, (1994) 2 SCC 723, this Court, after considering a large number of its earlier judgments, held that eligibility conditions should be examined as on last date for receipt of applications by the Commission. That too was a case where the result of a candidate was JUDGMENT declared subsequent to the last date of submission of the applications. This Court held that as the result does not relate back to the date of examination and eligibility of the candidate is to be considered on the last date of submission of applications, therefore, a candidate, whose result has not been declared upto the last date of submission of applications, would not be eligible. 6 Page 6 8. A three Judge Bench of this Court, in Dr. M.V. Nair v. Union of India & Ors. , (1993) 2 SCC 429, held as under:–

9. In Smt. Harpal Kaur Chahal v. Director, Punjab Instructions, Punjab & Anr. , 1995 (Suppl) 4 SCC 706, this Court held: “It is to be seen that when the recruitment is sought to be made, the last date has been fixed for receipt of the applications, such of those candidates, who possessed of all the qualifications as on that date, alone are eligible to apply for and to be considered for recruitment according to Rules.” (Emphasis added) 10. This Court in Rekha Chaturvedi v. University of Rajasthan, JUDGMENT 1993 Supp (3) SCC 168 held : “The contention that the required qualifications of the candidates should be examined with reference to the date of selection and not with reference to the last date for making applications has only to be stated to be rejected. The date of selection is invariably uncertain. In the absence of knowledge of such date the candidates who apply for the posts would be unable to state whether they are qualified for the posts in question or not, if they are yet to acquire the qualifications. Unless the 7 Page 7

JUDGMENT 11. In Ashok Kumar Sharma v. Chander Shekhar, 1993 Supp (2) SCC 611 [hereinafter referred to as Ashok Kumar (1993)], the majority view was as under: “The fact is that the appellants did pass the examination and were fully qualified for being 8 Page 8

(Emphasis added) However, the opinion of Justice R.M. Sahai had been that these 33 persons could not have been allowed to appear for the interview as JUDGMENT they did not possess the requisite eligibility/qualification on the last date of submission of applications. 12. A three-Judge Bench of this Court in Ashok Kumar Sharma v. Chander Shekhar (1997) 4 SCC 18 reconsidered and explained the judgment of Ashok Kumar Sharma (1993) (supra) observing: 9 Page 9

JUDGMENT (Emphasis added) The Court further explained that the majority view in Ashok Kumar Sharma (1993)(supra) was not correct, rather the dissenting view by Justice R.M. Sahai was correct as the Court held as under: “The reasoning in the majority opinion that by allowing the 33 respondents to appear for the interview, the recruiting authority was able to get the best talent available and that such course was in furtherance of public interest is, with respect, an impermissible 1 Page 10 justification. It is, in our considered opinion, a clear error of law and an error apparent on the face of the record. In our opinion, R.M. Sahai, J. (and the Division Bench of the High Court) was right in holding that the 33 respondents could not have been allowed to appear for the interview.” (Emphasis added) It may also be pertinent to mention here that in the aforesaid case reference to Rekha Chaturvedi (supra) appears to have been made by a typographical error as the said judgment is by a two-Judge Bench of this Court. Infact the court wanted to make a reference to the case of Ashok Kumar Sharma (1993) (supra). 13. In Bhupinderpal Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 2000 SC 2011, this Court placing reliance on various earlier judgments of this Court held : JUDGMENT “The High Court has held (i) that the cut-off date by reference to which the eligibility requirement must be satisfied by the candidate seeking a public employment is the date appointed by the relevant service rules and if there be no cut-off date appointed by the rules then such date as may be appointed for the purpose in the advertisement calling for applications; (ii) that if there be no such date appointed then the eligibility criteria shall be applied by reference to the last date appointed by which the applications have to be received by the competent authority. The view taken by the High Court is supported by several 1 Page 11 decisions of this Court and is therefore well settled and hence cannot be found fault with.” (Emphasis added)

“A person who does not possess the requisite qualification cannot even apply for recruitment for the reason that his appointment would be contrary to the statutory rules, and would therefore, be void in law. Lacking eligibility for the post cannot be cured at any stage and appointing such a person would amount to serious illegality and not mere irregularity. Such a person cannot approach the court for any relief for the reason that he does not have a right which can be enforced through court . (See Prit Singh v. S.K. Mangal 1993 Supp (1) SCC 714 and Pramod Kumar v. U.P. Secondary Education Services Commission (2008) 7 SCC 153.)” (Emphasis added) JUDGMENT 15. A similar view has been re-iterated by this Court in Pramod Kumar v. U.P. Secondary Education Services Commission , (2008) 7 SCC 153; and State of Orissa v. Mamta Mohanty (2011) 3 SCC 436. 16. In the instant case, the appellant did not possess the requisite qualification on the last date of submission of the application though 1 Page 12 he applied representing that he possessed the same. The letter of offer of appointment was issued to him which was provisional and conditional subject to the verification of educational qualification, i.e.,

appointment dated 23.2.2009 made it clear that in case character is not certified or he did not possess the qualification, the services will be terminated. The legal proposition that emerges from the settled position of law as enumerated above is that the result of the examination does not relate back to the date of examination. A person would possess qualification only on the date of declaration of the result. Thus, in view of the above, no exception can be taken to the judgment of the High Court. 17. It also needs to be noted that like the present appellant there JUDGMENT could be large number of candidates who were not eligible as per the requirement of rules/advertisement since they did not possess the required eligibility on the last date of submission of the application forms. Granting any benefit to the appellant would be violative of the doctrine of equality, a backbone of the fundamental rights under our Constitution. A large number of such candidates may not have 1 Page 13 applied considering themselves to be ineligible adhering to the statutory rules and the terms of the advertisement.

an appropriate case to advance the cause of justice and not to defeat the rights of others or create arbitrariness. Usurpation of a post by an ineligible candidate in any circumstance is impermissible. The process of verification and notice of termination in the instant case followed within a very short proximity of the appointment and was not delayed at all so as to even remotely give rise to an expectancy of continuance. The appeal is devoid of any merit and does not present special features warranting any interference by this court. The appeal is accordingly dismissed. JUDGMENT …….…………………………………….J. (DR. B.S. CHAUHAN) ….……………………………………….J. (S.A. BOBDE) New Delhi; July 29, 2013 1 Page 14 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6115 OF 2013 Santosh Kumar Meena & Ors. …Appellants Versus Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Ors. …Respondents with CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6117 OF 2013 and CIVIL APPEAL NOs. 6119-6120 OF 2013 J U D G M E N T Dr. B. S. CHAUHAN, J. In terms of the judgment in Civil Appeal No.6116 of 2013, the JUDGMENT above-mentioned appeals are accordingly dismissed. …….…………………………………….J. (DR. B.S. CHAUHAN) ….……………………………………….J. (S.A. BOBDE) New Delhi; July 29, 2013 1 Page 15