INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD vs. ARTSON ENGINEERING LTD

Case Type: NaN

Date of Judgment: 14-03-2016

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2016:BHC-OS:3446-DB
suresh 9-APPL-31.2016.odt
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
ORDINARY ORIGINAL CIVIL JURISDICTION
APPEAL {L} NO.31 OF 2016
IN
ARBITRATION PETITION NO.408 OF 2005
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.,
A Company Incorporated under the
provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 
having office at Gujarat Refinery,
P.O. Javaharnagar, Vadodra­391320. ....  Appellant
­ Versus ­
Artson Engineering Ltd.,
Plot No.426, M.L. Agarwal Building,
st
1  Floor, Waman Tukaram Patil
Marg, Opp: Satabdi Hospital,
Chembur, Mumbai­400 071. ....  Respondent
Mr. Manish Bhatt, Senior Advocate i/by Mr. Kalpesh
Joshi Associates for the Appellant.
Mr. Sharan Jagtiani with Mr. Mutahhar Khan i/by 
M/s. Mulla & Mulla & CB & Caroe for the Respondent.
            CORAM:  ANOOP V. MOHTA AND
  S.C. GUPTE, JJ.
      
     DATED:   MARCH 14, 2016
ORAL JUDGMENT (Per ANOOP V. MOHTA, J):
1. Admit.   The   parties   have   filed   short   synopsis   and 
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written notes of submissions. The appeal is taken up for final 
hearing, by consent.
2. The appellant/original respondent has preferred this 
appeal under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 
1996   (for   short,   “the   Act”)   against   Judgment   and   Order 
pronounced   by   a   learned   single   Judge   of   this   Court   on 
30­10­2015, whereby the Arbitration Petition under Section 34 
of the Act is partly allowed and maintained the other claims in 
the following words:
133. I, therefore, pass the following order:­
th
(a)  The impugned award dated 30  June, 2005 is set 
aside insofar as claim nos.(d) and (g) are concerned.
(b)  Interest awarded on the security deposit is set 
aside.
(c)  Interest at the rate of 18% per annum awarded 
by the learned arbitrator is reduced to 12% per annum  
which shall be payable for the period as awarded by the 
learned arbitrator.
(d)  Interest awarded on claim nos.(d) and (g) is set 
aside.
(e)  Rest of the award is upheld.”
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3. The basic events are as under:­
The   contract   between   the   appellant­Indian   Oil 
Corporation   Limited   (IOCL)   and   the   respondent­Artson 
Engineering Limited was executed  on 11­4­1998 after accepting 
the bid submitted for Crude Distribution System Project. The 
contract was governed by the General Conditions of Contract 
(GCC) and Special Conditions of Contract (SCC). Time was the 
essence of the contract. Various meetings took place between 
the parties as the work was constantly changing for want of 
complete   information   to   the   respondent/claimant/contractor. 
Monthly progress reports were submitted. There were delays in 
providing various information as well as instructions. Delay was 
also   caused   even   while   approving   various   drawings.   The 
respondent/claimant   requested   for   release   of   payments   from 
time to time. Request was also made for extension of time to 
complete the contract for the reasons attributable to the IOCL 
and M/s. Daelim. No timely payments were made, including 
towards increased quantities in the electrical, civil and structural 
works.   The   respondent/claimant   even   addressed   letters 
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recording non­availability of various items and materials which 
were necessary to complete the work. The IOCL conveyed about 
the change in the scheme and installation of the work to be done 
in respect of the pipelines. The revised details were provided to 
the respondent/claimant on 9­7­1999. The respondent/claimant 
completed the work under the two Crude Distribution Systems 
on   6­9­2000.   The   IOCL   issued   its   completion   certificate 
accordingly. On 3­10­2000 the respondent/claimant submitted 
the final bill. The Bank Guarantee was extended accordingly 
from time to time. As the final bill payment was not received, 
the respondent/claimant made representations again and again, 
apart from holding regular meetings. Request was also made by 
IOCL   to   Artson   to   depute   an   officer   for   negotiations   and 
finalisation   of   the   final   bill   on   12­11­2001.   The 
respondent/claimant   refused   to   accept   the   lowest   rate,   as 
suggested.
4. A petition under Section 9 was filed on 10­1­2002 by 
the respondent/claimant for preventing encashment of the Bank 
Guarantee by IOCL. Ultimately, on 1­4­2002 Artson and IOCL 
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filed Consent Terms to resolve the disputes within eight months 
and   accordingly   an   Arbitrator   was   appointed.   The   matter 
proceeded   before   the   Arbitral   Tribunal.   Extension   was   also 
sought   to   complete   the   arbitration.   Another   Arbitrator   was 
appointed   on   7­7­2003.   Ultimately,   the   learned   Arbitrator 
passed   the   Award   on   30­6­2005,   allowing   the   claims   under 
heads “A” to “D” and “G”. The Arbitrator rejected the claim 
under heads “E” and “F”, and also rejected the counter­claims.    
5. Heard   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the   parties. 
The learned Arbitrator has passed the Award after taking note of 
rival contentions as well as the documents so placed on record 
and after appreciating the submissions made by the counsel for 
the parties and recorded as under:­
150. Respondent will has to pay to the claimant in respect 
of various claims set out in the claim statements below with  
interest at 18% per annum from the dates mentioned against 
in the respective heads.
Claim A – Rs.82,19,114/­       with effect from 01.11.2000
Claim B – Rs.1,40,00,000/­      with effect from 01.11.2000
Claim C – Rs.16,58,574/­       with effect from 01.11.2000
Claim D – Rs.13,96,756/­       with effect from 01.12.2000
Claim E – Nil as claim is rejected
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Claim F – Nil as claim is rejected
Claim G – Rs.61,00,000/­       with effect from 01.11.2000
On the claims A, B, C, D, and G, to the extent of claim 
awarded   respondent   will   have   to   pay   interest   at   18%   per 
annum with effect from 1.11.2000 till the date of award and  
at the same rate of 18% per annum till realization of award at  
the same rate of 18% per annum and from the date of award  
on the principle amount of Rs.13,96,756/­. The respondent  
will also pay cost of Rs.10 lacs to the claimant and bear the 
entire costs as incurred for the arbitration proceedings. Hence 
the   final   award.   No   interest   is   awarded   on   costs   of 
Rs.10,00,000/­ (Rupees ten lacs).
AWARD
The   Respondent   do   pay   Rs.3,12,74,444/­   (Rupees 
Three   Crores   Twelve   Lacs   Seventy   Four   Thousand   Four  
Hundred Forty Four Only) with interest to the claimant. The  
respondent   do   pay   simple   interest   @   18%   per   annum   on 
Rs.2,99,77,688/­   (Rupees   Two   Crores   Ninety   Nine   Lacs 
Seventy Seven Thousand Six Hundred Eighty Eight only) with 
effect   from   1.11.2000   till   realization.   Respondent   do   pay 
simple interest @ 18% per annum on Rs.13,96,756/­ (Rupees 
Thirteen Lacs Ninety Six Thousand Seven Hundred Fifty Six 
st
only) with effect from 1  February 2002 till realization.
Respondent do pay Rs.10,00,000/­ (Rupees ten lacs 
only) as arbitration costs to the claimant and bear its own 
costs as incurred.
6. The   appellant   filed   an   arbitration   petition   under 
Section   34   of   the   Act   for   setting   aside   the   said   Award   on 
9­11­2006. The said petition was allowed by the High Court and 
the   entire   Award   was   set   aside.   The   appellant,   therefore, 
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preferred an appeal. On 9­1­2015 the appeal came to be allowed 
on the ground that the Award was severable and need not be set 
aside in toto and Claim “D” was arbitrable.
7. Ultimately,   the   learned   single   Judge   on   7­9­2015 
allowed   Claims   “A”,   “B”   and   “C”,   as   recorded   above,   and 
awarded   interest   at   the   rate   of   12%   per   annum,   and 
Rs.10,00,000/­ towards the arbitration costs.
8. Claims “A” to “D”  and “G”,  allowed by the learned 
Arbitrator are reproduced below:­
(A) Claim on account of  items in SOR amount to 
Rs.82,19,114/­   with   interest   of   18%   per   annum   with 
effect from 3­10­2000.
(B) Claim   for   Rs.1.40   crore   withheld   on   account   of 
liquidated damages with interest at 18% per annum with 
effect from 3­10­2000.
(C) Claim on account of amounts appropriated on the 
ground of other recoveries amounting to Rs.16,58,574/­ 
with interest at 18% per annum from 3­10­2000. 
(D) Claim of Rs.26,97,759/­ being the cost incurred in 
keeping the Bank Guarantees in force beyond the period 
required in contract with interest at 18% per annum till  
the date of payment.
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…...
(G) Claim of Rs.61,00,000/­ on account of extra work 
with interest thereon.
9. The   appellant   is   basically   aggrieved   by   the   order 
passed by the learned Judge referring to Claims “A”, “B” and “C” 
and also by rejection of the counter­claims (Claims “E” and “F”). 
The respondent has not raised challenge insofar as rejection of 
Claims “D” and “G” are concerned.
10. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties 
and also gone through the written submissions as well as the 
documents   so   referred   and   relied   upon   with   regard   to   the 
respective claims, specifically Claims A, B and C and the interest 
so awarded.
11. Learned counsel appearing for the respondent, at the 
outset,   submitted   proposal   dated   26­2­2016,   the   relevant 
portion whereof is reproduced hereunder:­
“As this acceptance to the final amount is based upon the  
above clear understanding, and on the basis that prompt 
payment being the very essence of this offer, we clarify 
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that our offer is valid only in the amount of Rs.498 
Lakhs (Rupees Four Hundred Ninety Eight Lakhs only) is 
paid & realized in the accounts by AEL within four weeks  
st
from today or latest by 31  March 2016 (which is more 
than a month from today), the time being of essence.
st
If the payment is delayed beyond 31  March 2016, AEL 
would have all rights under the law for recourse to the 
next step and this offer shall lapse.
For the above purpose we have no objection to the Award 
of the Ld. Sole Arbitrator as partly being upheld by the  
Hon'ble Single Judge, being modified to the above extent.
We clarify and state that upon our receiving the above  
amount of Rs.498 Lakhs, we shall have no further claim 
against IOCL arising out of the above referred contract as 
also the subject Award and further proceedings thereto.
We   may   however   clarify   that   the   above   proposal   is 
strictly without prejudice to any of our rights available in 
Law.”
12. So   far   as  Claim   “A”   is   concerned,   the   learned 
Arbitrator as well as the learned Judge rightly held that the 
present contract was item rate contract. The quantity was 
fixed by IOCL. The quantity, however, was fixed on estimate 
basis.  Correspondence   exchanged   between   the  parties   was 
referred by the learned Arbitrator while allowing the claim for 
increase   in  quantity.   The   payments   were   asked   accordingly 
from time to time. The oral evidence of Mr. Chopde, witness of 
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the claimant, was recorded to determine the extent of quantity. 
The learned Arbitrator rightly held that the respondent cannot 
complain   regarding   rates   which   have   already   been   settled 
through several negotiations and specifically when the case is 
not one of escalation. The application of IOCL to pay the dues 
under the contract and failure to make the payment, is rightly 
held to be a breach of the terms of the contract. The learned 
Judge has also upheld the said finding by further noting that 
additional quantities executed by the respondent/claimant were 
to   the   extent   of   400%,   500%   and   12500%.   There   was   no 
objection of any kind by the appellant during the progress of the 
work. The issue was never finalized. Reliance, therefore, on the 
internal note by the learned Arbitrator could not be faulted with. 
The supporting evidence of the claimant proves the quantity. 
The learned Arbitrator as well as the learned Judge considered 
the evidence and the material, including the correspondence 
exchanged between the parties and therefore awarded the claim 
with   interest   at   18%   on   items   purchased   in   excess   of   the 
quantities described in the Work Order.
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13. So far as  Claim “B” is concerned, the amount was 
wrongly withheld though IOCL failed to perform their part of 
reciprocal   obligation   in   time.   The   claimant's   contractual 
obligations were depending upon the fulfilment of the IOCL's 
obligations. They failed to provide the information or data in 
time,   including   the   designs   and   drawings.   The   essential 
certificate   was   not   issued   in   time   in   providing   approval   for 
drawings   submitted   by   the   claimant   in   time.   Various   issues 
relating to work front where the other contractor M/s. Daelim 
was operating were not resolved at the relevant time. They even 
failed   to   supply   various   material   for   the   work.   The   IOCL 
substantially   altered   and   changed   the   scope   of   the   work, 
including the Electrical Heat Tracer (EHT).
14. There was no clarification issued, though asked for 
from time to time, including about the laying of cables. No 
progress   schedule   was  approved  and/or   agreed  upon   at  the 
relevant time. The learned Arbitrator and the learned Judge also 
took note of the various clauses of the GCC, whereby reciprocal 
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obligations   are   provided,   including   timely   performance   and 
action by the IOCL, as time was the essence. Various documents, 
including meetings, discussions and exchange of correspondence 
between   the  parties  for  the   above  purposes  were  noted but 
which also shows inaction and/or delay on the part of the IOCL. 
The   learned   Arbitrator   as   well   as   the   learned   Judge   after 
considering the above gave a clear finding with regard to the 
delay on the part of the IOCL. The learned Arbitrator, therefore, 
based upon the same including the conditions and clauses which 
were agreed upon by and between the parties concluded that 
IOCL  was  responsible  for the various  delays.  The  work  also 
could not be proceeded by the respondent/claimant for want of 
knowledge   of   engineering   from   M/s.   Daelim.   The   learned 
Arbitrator has also considered the delay on account of EHT, 
which is also a subject of Claim “G”. The learned Arbitrator even 
considered the delay on account of non­supply of materials prior 
to   and   after   the   Contract   Completion   Date.   The   learned 
Arbitrator   by   recording   reasons   considered   the   above 
background and passed the Award. The learned single Judge 
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also   confirmed   the   said   decision   by   a   reasoned   order   and 
therefore the finding given for want of no specific clause of 
liquidated damage by the appellant/IOCL and as the delay is 
attributable to the appellant, there was no reason for the IOCL 
to deduct the said amount as price reduction. Therefore, the 
deduction so made after one year from the preparation of the 
final bill is recorded to be an after­thought and therefore was 
not accepted. We see no case is made out by the appellant in this 
regard and there is no perversity in the findings recorded by the 
learned Arbitrator as well as by the learned Judge.
15. So far as Claim “C” is concerned, after going through 
the submissions and the documents so placed on record, we also 
noted that for want of particulars and no evidence, the two 
deductions   of   10%   with   18%   interest   from   3­10­2000   were 
wrong. There was no justification for such recoveries. The IOCL 
failed   to   discharge   its   obligation   by   not   leading   even   the 
evidence   in   support   of   its   claim.   The   amount,   therefore,   so 
deducted   wrongly   was   rightly   deprecated   by   the   learned 
Arbitrator as well as by the learned Judge. The finding given 
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therefore   by   both   the   learned   Arbitrator   as   well   as   by   the 
learned Judge, in no way can be said to be perverse and/or bad 
in law.
16. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant has 
made   submissions   revolving   around   the   rejection   of   their 
counter­claims   with   regard   to   the   awarding   of   costs   of 
Rs.10,00,000/­.   Considering   the   reasons   so   recorded   by   the 
learned Arbitrator and the learned Judge and for the reasons so 
recorded, in our view, no case is made out for interference with 
the awarding of costs so fixed.    
17. The   Apex   Court   in   the   case   of   M/s.   Chebrolu 
Enterprises Vs. Andhra Pradesh Backward Class Cooperative 
Finance Corporation Ltd. , reported in 2015 (12) Scale 207, 
recently reiterated and reinforced the principle that unless case 
of perversity and/or error on the face of the record and/or any 
issue of jurisdiction is raised which goes to the root of the matter 
and/or any Award and/or order is contrary to the agreed terms 
and conditions, no interference is called for by the learned Judge 
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as well as the Appellate Court in the finding of facts. In para 20 
of the Judgment, the Apex Court has observed thus:
“20. ….  This Court or even the Appellate Court would  
not look into the finding of facts unless they are perverse.”
18. The rejection of the counter­claims on the ground of 
limitation  and  the  counter­claims not  being arbitrable  as no 
claim was raised immediately after receipt, as it was never even 
quantified at appropriate time to make the claim of amount, 
calls for no interference. The learned Judge has also upheld the 
said Award. There was no counter­claim raised before the earlier 
Arbitrator.   The   correspondences   in   the   case,   cannot   read   to 
mean extension of limitation specifically when it was in the 
nature of damages. The work was completed on 6­9­2000. The 
counter­claims were filed on 6­11­2003. The arbitration clause 
invoked  for   the   same   was   in   time.   The   observations   of  the 
learned Judge in paragraphs 120 to 124 need no interference. 
19. Insofar   as   the   interest   is   concerned,   the   learned 
Arbitrator has awarded 18% per annum, as recorded above, 
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from   the   respective   dates   so   mentioned.   The   learned   Judge 
considering the rival contentions has restricted the same to 12% 
per annum instead of 18% per annum and the same shall be 
payable for the period as awarded by the learned Arbitrator. The 
Award and the interest on Claims “D” and “G” are set aside. Rest 
of the Award is upheld. Therefore, for the reasons so recorded 
above, we see no case is made out by the appellant to interfere 
with the said reasons, the Award as well as the modified order 
passed by the learned single Judge, so also the awarding of 
costs.
20. However,   even   at   the   conclusion   of   the   hearing, 
learned   counsel   for   the   respondent   resubmitted   that   the 
proposal submitted by the respondent on 26­2­2016 should be 
treated as a with prejudice offer of the respondent so that if the 
amount of Rs.4,98,00,000/­ is paid by the appellant, latest by 
31­3­2016,   such   payment   shall   be   treated   as   full   and   final 
settlement of the respondent's claim under the Award on the 
aforesaid modified terms. If the amount of Rs.4,98,00,000/­ is 
not paid by 31­3­2016, the impugned Award as modified by the 
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impugned order passed by the learned single Judge shall be 
executable. However, if the amount of Rs.4,98,00,000/­ is paid 
by 31­3­2016, the Award shall stand modified and satisfied.
21. For the reasons so recorded above, we dismiss the 
the appeal accordingly. No costs.
  (S.C. GUPTE, J.)         (ANOOP V. MOHTA, J.)  
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