MANOJ SURYAVANSHI vs. STATE OF CHHATISGARH

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 05-03-2020

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1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. ……….. OF 2020 [Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 8682 of 2014] Manoj Suryavanshi         .. Appellant Versus State of Chhattisgarh .. Respondent J U D G M E N T M. R. Shah, J. Leave granted. 2. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   dated   08.08.2013   passed   by   the   Division Bench of the High Court of Chhatisgarh at Bilaspur in Criminal Appeal No. 550 of 2013 and Criminal Reference No. 05 of 2013, by which the Division Bench of the High Court has dismissed the said Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by JAYANT KUMAR ARORA Date: 2020.03.05 16:42:06 IST Reason: appeal   preferred   by   the   appellant­original   accused   and   has confirmed the judgment and order of conviction and death sentence 2 awarded   by   the   learned   Trial  Court  for   the   offences  punishable under Section 302 of the  IPC for having killed the three minor children   of   the   complainant   Shivlal   –   P.W.18   and   also   for   the offences   punishable   under   Section   364   of   the   IPC,   the   original accused has preferred the present appeal. 3. As per the case of the prosecution, at 7.00 AM on 11.02.2011, two sons of one Shivlal­original complainant – Vijay aged about 8 years, Ajay aged about 6 years and Kumari Sakshi aged about 4 years   left   their   home   in   Darripara   to   attend   the   school   at Karaihapara and reached the school.  On the school getting over at 11.30 AM, the three minors left the school for home on foot.  When they did not reach home, Shivlal­P.W.18 looked for the children in the vicinity and went to school and enquired about the children. On enquiry at the school, the teachers of the minor children told Shivlal that the three minors had come to the school and on the school getting over they had left the school for home on foot.  That, thereafter Shivlal and others looked for the three minors.  On not finding the three minor children, Shivlal­P.W.18 went to the police station, Raipur and lodged the Missing Person Report.  The missing 3 person report was registered in the Daily Journal (Ex. P­18) by the Head Constable Krishna Kumar Koshle­P.W.17.   During the search of three minor children, one Ashok Patel­P.W.8 stated that he had seen the minor children along with the appellant­accused near the school.     As   per   the   case   of   the   prosecution,   on   11.02.2011, Rameshwar­P.W.11 contacted the accused on cell­phone and talked with him and the accused asked Shivlal­P.W.18 how he was feeling when his children are missing.   According to the prosecution, the accused was working as labourer in the house of Shivlal.    It was alleged that the wife of the accused, namely Sumrit Bai, eloped with the younger brother of the complainant, namely Shivnath Dhiwar and   with   the   view   to   take   revenge,   the   appellant   abducted   the minors and thereafter killed  them.      The FIR­Ex.24 was  lodged against the accused initially for the offences under Sections 363 and  364   IPC.     According   to   the   prosecution,   after   the   FIR   was lodged, the accused was contacted on his mobile no. 9179484724. The accused received the call and told that he was 60 kms away. The Investigating Officer­P.W.24 asked the Head Constable Hemant Aditya, Crime Branch to trace the said mobile number and to tell its 4 location.     Then   the   Head   Constable   Hemant   Aditya   traced   the location of the said mobile and the location was found near Village Lakhram.       That,   thereafter   the   Investigating   team   went   to   the house of   one  Ashok   Kumar   Madhukar­P.W.13,   a  relative   of  the accused.     Initially,   the   accused   was   not   in   home.     However, thereafter continuing the search, they again went to the house of the said Ashok Kumar Madhukar.   According to the case of the prosecution, thereafter the accused was found and brought to the police   station.     He   was   interrogated   in   the   presence   of   the witnesses.     A   memorandum   of   statement   Ex.P.2   was   recorded under   Section   20   of   the   Evidence   Act.     On   the   basis   of   the memorandum Ex.P.2 and at the instance of the accused, in the barren land in Karaihapara – in the field of one Damodar Beldar, the dead bodies of the three minors were recovered from the spot of site.  The Investigating Officer collected the incriminating materials during the course of the investigation.   The mobile of the accused was   also   seized.     The   Investigating   Officer   conducted   the Panchnama  of   the   dead   bodies   of   the   three   minors.     The   dead bodies were sent for post­mortem.         One Dr. A.M. Srivastava­ 5 P.W.23 conducted the post­mortem.  The cause of death of the three minors   was   strangulation   and   the   deaths   were   found   to   be homicidal.       During   the   investigation,   the   Investigating   Officer received   the   call   details   –   Ex.P.30   of   the   mobile   phone   of   the accused.     During   the   investigation,   the   Investigating   Officer recorded the statement of the witnesses, including the statement of the original complainant Shivlal and others.    That the accused was arrested   as   per   the   memorandum   dated   13.02.2011.     After conclusion of the investigation, it was found that the accused had first abducted and thereafter killed the three minors to take the revenge  as   his   wife   eloped   with   the   brother   of   the   complainant Shivlal   and   thereby   committing   the   offences   punishable   under Section 302 and Section 364 IPC.    The Investigating Officer filed the charge­sheet  against  the  accused  for  the   aforesaid  offences. The case was committed to the Court of Sessions.   The accused pleaded   not   guilty   and   therefore   he   came   to   be   tried   for   the aforesaid offences.   4. To  prove   the  charges  against  the  accused,  the   prosecution examined as many as 24 witnesses as under: 6
P.W.<br>NO.NAME AND DATE<br>OF DEPOSITION
P.W.1Preetam Dhiwar<br>15.06.2011Witness who seen the minor<br>children with the accused for<br>the last time.
P.W.2Hafiz Ali<br>16.06.2011Independent witness
P.W.3Frukh Khan<br>16.06.2011Independent witness
P.W.4Pooja Tiwari<br>16.06.2011Witness of minors leaving the<br>school together for home on<br>foot after the school getting<br>over.
P.W.5Jilani Baig<br>17.06.2011Witness of minors leaving the<br>school together for home on<br>foot after the school getting<br>over.
P.W.6Krishna Kumar<br>Yadav<br>17.06.2011Witness of seizure of Registers<br>concerning the attendance of<br>the minors in school.
P.W.7Damodar Singh<br>08.08.2011Witness of recording the<br>statements of the prosecution<br>witnesses under Section 161<br>Cr.P.C.
P.W.8Ashok Patel<br>08.08.2011Witness who seen the minor<br>children with the accused for<br>the last time.
P.W.9Imrat Singh<br>11.08.2011Maternal uncle of the minor<br>children.
P.W.1<br>0Shweta Tiwari<br>12.08.2011Witness of minors leaving the<br>school together for home on<br>foot after the school getting<br>over.
P.W.1<br>1Rameshwar<br>12.08.2011Independent witness
P.W.1<br>2Ashish Kumar<br>Gupta<br>20.9.2011Witness who conducted the<br>photography of the dead bodies<br>of the minors.
7
P.W.1<br>3Ashok Kumar<br>Madhukar<br>20.09.2011Witness of the presence of the<br>accused in his house situated<br>in Lakhram and of his being<br>hidden.
P.W.1<br>4Bharat Lal<br>Dewangan<br>21.09.2011Witness of the preparation of<br>map of the spot of incident.
P.W.1<br>5Anil Shitlani<br>21.09.2011Witness of seizure of mobile<br>phone of the accused.
P.W.1<br>6Bharat Lal<br>Chandravansi<br>22.09.2011Witness of the dead bodies of<br>the minors being taken to the<br>doctor for post­mortem
P.W.1<br>7Krishna Kumar<br>Koshle<br>22.09.2011The Head­Constable who<br>registered the missing report in<br>the Daily Journal
P.W.1<br>8Shivlal Dhimar<br>16.11.2011Father of the minor children.
P.W.1<br>9Santosh Kumar<br>Yadav<br>17.11.2011Witness of recording of<br>statements during investigation<br>of missing report.
P.W.2<br>0|Smit Manisha<br>Dhimar<br>17.11.2011Mother of the deceased minor<br>children.
P.W.2<br>1Dr. A.K.<br>Shrivastava<br>18.11.2011Doctor who conducted the post­<br>mortem and gave the post­<br>mortem report.
P.W.2<br>2Lav Kush Kashyap<br>09.01.2012Witness of recording the<br>statements of the prosecution<br>witnesses under Section 161<br>Cr.P.C.
P.W.2<br>3Dr. A.M. Srivastava<br>17.02.2012Doctor who conducted the post­<br>mortem and gave the post­<br>mortem report.
P.W.2<br>4B. Kujur<br>17.02.2012The Investigating Officer
8 4.1 During the trial, the prosecution brought on record as many as 41 documentary evidences.  The relevant evidences are as under:
SL.<br>NO.DESCRIPTIONEX. NO.
4.Seizure Memo of the attendance register<br>of the deceased dated 17.02.2011 at 3.30<br>pmEx.P1
5.Memorandum of accused dated<br>13.02.2011Ex.P2
8.Seizure memo of school bags, plastic<br>bottle and soil from where Ajay’s body has<br>been found.Ex.P5
10.Inquest / Panchnama of deceased AjayEx.P7
12.Inquest / Panchnama of deceased VijayEx.P9
14.Inquest / Panchnama of deceased SakshiEx.P11
18.Site Map prepared by PatwariEx.P12
19.Panchnama of Site Map in presence of<br>witnessesEx.P13
20.Seizure Memo of mobile phone of accusedEx.P14
23.Missing Person Complaint dated<br>12.02.2011 filed by PW18, ShivlalEx.P16
24.RoznamchaEx.18C
31.FIR No. 64/2011 under Section 363, 364<br>IPC registered by PS RatanpurEx.P25
34.Arrest Memo dated 13.02.2011Ex.P28
35.Intimation of arrest of relativeEx.P29
36.CDREx. P30
39.Report received from FSL RaipurEx.P33
41Village MapArt. A
4.2 After   closure   of   the   evidence   by   the   prosecution,   further statement of the accused under Section 313 CrPC was recorded. 9 The case of the accused was of a total denial.   He did not examine any   witness   in   support   of   his   defence.       That,   thereafter,   on appreciation of evidence and giving the fullest opportunity to the accused, the learned Trial Court held the accused guilty for the offences   punishable   under   Sections   302   and   364   IPC.       After considering the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and after having heard the accused on the quantum of sentence, the learned Trial Court awarded the death sentence, which was numbered as Reference No. 05 of 2013 before the High Court.  Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the judgment and order of conviction passed by the learned Trial Court, the original accused also preferred an appeal before the High Court, being Criminal Appeal No. 550 of 2013.   Both, the appeal preferred by the accused as well as the reference  case  were heard  together  by  the  High Court.     By the impugned judgment and order, the High Court has dismissed the appeal preferred by the accused and has confirmed the conviction and the death sentence awarded by the learned Trial Court.  Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court in dismissing the appeal preferred by the 10 accused and also confirming the death sentence awarded by the learned Trial Court, the original accused has preferred the present appeal.   5. Shri   Singh,   learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the appellant­original accused has vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case both, the learned Trial Court and   the   High   Court   have   committed   grave   error   in   holding   the appellant­original accused guilty for the offences punishable for the offences under Section 302 and Section 364 IPC. 5.1 It   is   further   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   appellant­original accused that both the Courts below ought to have appreciated that there was no eye­witness to the incident and the whole conviction was based on the circumstantial evidence. It is submitted that, in a case of circumstantial evidence, unless the entire chain of events is complete, which leads to the only conclusion that it is the accused only who has committed the offence, a person cannot be convicted. It is submitted that in the present case the prosecution has failed to form a complete chain of circumstances and the instance which 11 leads   exclusively   to   the   conclusion   that   the   appellant   only   was guilty of committing the offence.    5.2 It   is   further   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   appellant­original accused that both the Courts below have materially erred in holding the appellant­original accused guilty for the  offences punishable under Sections 302 and Section 364 IPC for having killed the three minor   children   relying   upon   the   prosecution   witnesses,   more particularly, P.W.1, P.W.8, P.W.13, P.W.18 and P.W.24 and other eye­witnesses.    5.3 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant­original accused that the case against the appellant   is   based   on   three   sets   of   circumstances:   (i)   last  seen evidence; (ii) recovery of bodies pursuant to a disclosure memo and (iii) alleged calls made to the appellant during the search for the missing children.   It is further submitted that the prosecution has sought to use the calls made to the appellant and the testimony of P.W.13 as an extra­judicial confession made by the appellant.  It is submitted that such an extra­judicial concession is not admissible in law. 12 5.4 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant­original accused that to establish and prove the   last   seen   evidence,   the   prosecution   has   relied   upon   the depositions of P.W.1 and P.W.8, whose evidences are full of material contradictions.   It is submitted that as such both the Courts below have materially  erred  in heavily  relying  upon the  depositions of P.W.1 and P.W.8, insofar as last seen evidence is concerned.   5.5 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of   the   appellant­original  accused   that  so  far   as  P.W.1 is concerned,   he   has   specifically   stated   that   he   was   stating   the material evidence for the first time in the court.  It is submitted that though another witness – Surya Pratap Dhimar was present with P.W.1 on 11.02.2011, the prosecution had chosen not to examine the said witness.  It is submitted that P.W.1 is neither credible nor reliable.   It is submitted that dropping of a cited witness Surya Pratap Dhimar has been unexplained by the prosecution.   It is submitted that this circumstance will operate as a presumption against the prosecution in terms of Section 114(g) of the Indian Evidence Act. 13 5.6 Now,   so   far   as   the   reliance   placed   upon   the   deposition   of P.W.8,   who   is   the   second   last   seen   witness   is   concerned,   it   is submitted that P.W.8 states that he communicated that he has seen the accused with the deceased to P.W.9­Imrat Singh @ Mungi Lal.  It is submitted that, however, P.W.9 has categorically denied knowing   any   person   named   as   Ashok,   where   he   resides.     It   is submitted that he has affirmed that he had no conversation with Ashok. It   is   further   submitted   that   as   per   the   prosecution   P.W.8 communicated his sighting of the missing children to P.W.18 and his friends ­ P.W.2 and P.W.3.   It is submitted that P.W.2 states that they met Ashok Patel at about 6/6.30 pm near Dholpara, but in   his   cross,   has   denied   knowing   Ashok   Patel   or   having   any conversation with him.   It is submitted that P.W.18 claimed that he met P.W.8 near Darriparra prior to meeting P.W.2 and P.W.3.  It is submitted that though  P.W.3  maintains  that he  met  P.W.8  and Dholpara, the testimony of P.W.18 belies the testimony of P.W.3.   It is submitted that the testimony of P.W.2, P.W.3 and P.W.18 that they met P.W.8 is belied by P.W.8 himself who has unequivocally 14 affirmed that P.W.18 and his friends did not come to him searching for the children.  It is submitted that therefore it is not safe to rely the testimony of P.W.8 also. 5.7 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant­original accused that the prosecution has not proved geographical proximity between the alleged sighting of the appellant and the place of residence of the children; their school or the location where the bodies were recovered.     It is submitted that there is no evidence on record to suggest that the fields where the bodies were found were in the same direction as the children were walking when they had been allegedly sighted.   5.8 It is further submitted that furthermore the medical evidence concludes that the time of death of the children was between 12 noon   on   11.02.2011   and   midnight   of   the   intervening   night   of 11/12.02.2011.  It is submitted that therefore an alleged sighting in the beginning of this period is not proximate to the time of death.  It is further submitted that even the missing person complaint dated 11.02.2011 does not refer to last seen evidence.   It is submitted that it was entered on the Roznamcha at 9.40 am on 12.02.2011.  It 15 is   submitted   that   the   Roznamcha   is   silent   on   the   suspicion   of kidnapping   by   the   appellant.     It   is   submitted   that   neither   the complaint nor the Roznamcha contain any last seen evidence or evidence with respect to the alleged calls between the appellant and P.W.18.   It is submitted that the FIR that is lodged on 12.02.2011 at 11.40 pm has a mention of P.W.8.  It is submitted that therefore the last seen evidence of P.W.8 is recorded for the first time only on the intervening of  12­13.02.2011, which is also the time of  the appellant’s arrest.  It is submitted that it is the settled law that the circumstance of last seen together cannot by itself form the basis of conviction and can only be an incriminating circumstance.     In support thereof, the learned counsel for the appellant has relied upon   the   decisions   of   this   Court   in   the   cases   of   Digamber (2019) 4 SCC 522,   Vaishnav v. State of Chhattisgarh   Anjan Kumar Sarma v. State of Assam  (2017) 14 SCC 359 and  Ganpat Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh   (2017) 16 SCC 353.   It is submitted  that in  light  of  the  principles  stated  in the  aforesaid decisions, the testimony of P.W.8 does not inspire confidence and cannot be relied upon as last seen evidence. 16 5.9 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant that another circumstances considered by the   Courts   below   against   the   appellant   is   the   calls   and   extra­ judicial confession. 5.10 It is submitted that the evidence against the appellant refers to two calls   involving   the   appellant.     The   first  call  is   between  the appellant and P.W.11 and the second call is between the appellant and P.W.18.   It is submitted that with respect to P.W.11’s call, P.W.11 categorically states that the call was on 12.02.2011 at night which is when the appellant was in the custody of the police.  It is submitted that he further improved his version when he was re­ examined by the Trial Court.   It is submitted that neither P.W.2 nor P.W.18 has testified to this call.   It is submitted that neither the fact nor the contents of this call were put to the appellant during his examination under Section 313 Cr.P.C. 5.11 It is further submitted that the prosecution has relied upon the extracts of the appellant’s CDR­Ex.P30 (Call Details Report), which does not contain any call made or received on 12.02.2011. It   is   submitted   that   even   otherwise   the   production   of   CDR   is 17 through the Investigating Officer who in turn receives it from the Head Constable Hemant Aditya.   It is submitted that there is no material on record to show the  manner in which the  CDR was obtained.   It is submitted that even the CDR is not accompanied by a certificate under Section 65­B of the Evidence Act.  It is submitted that therefore the calls/call details contained in the CDR­Ex.P30 are neither believable nor has been proved by the prosecution. 5.12 It is further submitted that so far as P.W.18 is concerned, he has alleged a call made by him to the appellant on 11.2.2011.  It is submitted that the said call has not been corroborated by any other witness.  It is submitted that even it does not find mention in the complaint, Roznamcha or the FIR, which are dated 11.2.2011.  It is submitted that there remains a discrepancy in P.W.18’s version of when he lodged the missing person complaint.    5.13 It is further submitted that the prosecution has not seized the phone, SIM card or any material with respect to P.W.18’s phone records   which   would   have   proved   the   veracity   of   P.W.18’s statement.   It is submitted that even there is no material on record to prove the phone number of P.W.18. 18 5.14 It is further submitted that so far as the confession made by P.W.13­Ashok Kumar Madhukar is concerned, no other document or   witness   mentions   his   presence   during   the   alleged   recovery proceedings.       It  is   submitted   that   the   statement   made   by   the appellant do not amount to a confession of the offence as a whole, or of any inculpatory fact. It is submitted that since the appellant was in police custody at that time, any confession made by him would be inadmissible in terms of Section 26 of the Evidence Act, irrespective of whom the alleged confession was made to.   It is submitted that therefore both, the Trial Court and the High Court have materially erred in convicting the appellant on the basis of such   call   details   and/or   the   alleged   confessions   made   to   the respective witnesses. 6. Now, so far as the conviction based upon the recovery of dead bodies of the deceased minors is concerned, it is submitted that the said recovery was made from an open area that had been searched previously.  It is submitted that as per the settled preposition of law the recovery made from an open place, accessible to all and which is not in the exclusive knowledge of the accused cannot be the basis 19 of conviction.   It is submitted that therefore the recovery of the bodies at the instance of the appellant is full of suspicion.   6.1 It is further submitted that neither PW.7 nor P.W.22 who are the independent witnesses to the disclosure memorandum and all other documents relating to recovery proceedings on the intervening night of 11.01.2011 and 12.1.2011, lend support to the recovery.  It is submitted that P.W.7 has specifically stated that he signed on blank papers on the asking of the police and that he did not know about the case.  It is submitted that he has further stated that the documents were not read over to him by the police and that no notice/summons were given by the police to remain present for seizures.    6.2 It is further submitted that P.W.22 also does not remember the date on which the alleged events took place.    6.3 It is further submitted that all recovery related proceedings are ante­dated and the same is proved from the evidence of P.W.22 himself.  It is submitted that P.W.22 states that the interrogation of accused continued till 9.00 pm on 12.02.2011 and that they went to the field at 10.30­11.00 pm.   It is submitted that even P.W.18 20 and   P.W.22   testify   that   all   documentation   with   respect   to   the recovery was done the next day at 9.00 pm.  It is further submitted that even there is a discrepancy with respect to the time and place of arrest of the appellant which renders the recovery doubtful.   It is submitted that therefore on the basis of the alleged recovery, the appellant could not have been convicted.    6.4 It is further submitted that even the recovery cannot be said to be voluntary as the appellant was detained in custody without any formal arrest.    6.5 It  is   further   submitted   that   even   the   medical   and   forensic examination does not support the recovery.  It is submitted that the post­mortem reports of the victims indicate the presence of incised wounds on the bodies caused by a hard and sharp/blunt object.  It is submitted that, however, no such weapon was recovered at the instance of the appellant.   It is submitted that the prosecution has not put forth any evidence to show how such wounds were caused by the appellant.  It is submitted that there are so many lacunas at the time of the alleged recovery at the instance of the appellant, which creates a serious doubt on the credibility of the recovery.  It 21 is submitted that therefore it is not safe to convict the appellant on the basis of such recovery. 7. It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant that the Courts below have committed grave error   in   convicting   the   appellant   solely   based   on   (i)   last   seen evidence; (ii) recovery of bodies pursuant to a disclosure memo and (iii) alleged calls made to the appellant during the search for the missing children and the so­called extra­judicial confession made by   the   appellant,   more   particularly,   when   it   is   a   case   of circumstantial   evidence.     It   is   submitted   that   in   a   case   of circumstantial evidence, even if one link is missing and the chain is not   complete   which   leads   to   the   only   conclusion   that   it   is   the appellant­accused   alone   who   has   committed   the   offence,   the appellant could not have been convicted.  7.1 Now, so far as the judgment and order passed by the learned Trial Court awarding the death sentence and confirmed by the High Court is concerned, it is submitted that both the Courts below have not appreciated and/or considered the mitigating and aggravating factors while awarding the death sentence.   It is submitted that 22 even the learned Trial Court imposed the death penalty/award of sentence on the same day on which the appellant was convicted.   It is submitted that after the decision relating to his conviction was given, the learned Trial Court held the hearing of the sentence on the same day when the conviction was recorded i.e. 04.05.2013, thereby   violating   the   right   of   the   accused   to   be   given   ample opportunity to adduce the evidence of mitigation and to be heard on the question of quantum of sentence as provided under Section 235(2) Cr.P.C.  It is submitted that it has been consistently held by this Court that sufficient time must be given to the accused on the question of sentence, to show the grounds on which he may show that sentence of life imprisonment may be awarded and not the death   penalty.     In   support   thereof,   the   learned   counsel   for   the appellant has relied upon a recent judgment of this Court in the case of  Chhannu Lal Verma v. State of Chhattisgarh  (2019) 12 SCC 438.  It is submitted that the absence of providing a separate hearing for sentence vitiates the sentencing process.  It is submitted that   under   these   circumstances   this   Court   has   previously commuted the sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life.  In 23 support, reliance has been placed upon the decisions of this Court in the cases of  Santa Singh v. State of Punjab  (1976) 4 SCC 190, (2011) 13 SCC 706 and Rajesh Kumar v. State (NCT of Delhi)   Ajay Pandit @ Jagdish v. State of Maharashtra   (2012) 8 SCC 43.    7.2 It is further submitted that even otherwise the death sentence awarded by the learned Trial Court and affirmed by the High Court is not sustainable.  It is submitted that the learned Trial Court has solely   looked   to   the   brutality   of   the   crime   to   impose   the   death penalty.  It is submitted that this Court has rejected the contention that the death penalty can be imposed on the basis of the crime alone.     It is submitted that consideration of the brutality or the circumstances surrounding the crime alone renders meaningless the objective of the sentencing exercise envisaged in death penalty cases.  Reliance has been placed upon the case of  Bachan Singh v.  (1980) 2 SCC 684. State of Punjab 7.3 It is submitted that so far as the High Court is concerned, the High Court has  also committed a  grave error in confirming the death   sentence.       It  is   submitted   that   the   High   Court   has  not 24 properly appreciated the mitigating circumstances, such as the fact that the accused can be rehabilitated in the society and is capable of being reformed.  It is submitted that as held by this Court in the case of   (supra), there is a duty on the High Court to Ajay Pandit elicit the relevant facts while considering mitigating circumstances and awarding sentence. 7.4 It   is   submitted   that   both   the   Courts   below   have   not appreciated   and  considered  the   fact  that  there   was  no criminal antecedents.    It  is submitted  that the   High Court has  also not considered the fact that there is a possibility of the appellant being reformed.   It is further submitted that at the time when the alleged offence was committed, the appellant was of a young age of 28 years.   It is submitted that the young age of the appellant at the time of commission of the offence has not been considered as the relevant mitigating circumstance by the learned Trial Court as well as the High Court, which ought to have been considered, as held by this Court in the cases of  Gurvail Singh v. State of Punjab  (2013) 2 SCC 713 and  Amit v. State of Uttar Pradesh  (2012) 4 SCC 107. 25 7.5 It   is   further   submitted   that   even   otherwise   in   a   case   of circumstantial evidence, as held by this Court in the case of  Kalu [2015) 16 SCC 492, the doctrine of Ram v. State of Rajasthan   prudence requires that a sentence of life be imposed, and ordinarily death penalty should not be awarded.   It is further submitted that this Court in several judgments has commuted the death sentence based on the doctrine of “residual doubt”.    Reliance is placed on the decisions of this Court in the cases of   Sudam v. State of Maharashtra  (2019) 9 SCC 388 and  Baba Vishwakarma v. State (2019) 9 SCC 689.   of M.P.  7.6  It is further submitted that even the conduct of the appellant in the prison is very good, which is also a relevant consideration to commute the death sentence to that of the life imprisonment.    7.7 It is further submitted that the emotional disturbance of the appellant at the time of the offence is a relevant consideration not to award the death sentence.   It is submitted that at the relevant time the appellant was emotionally disturbed due to the elopement of his wife with the uncle of the deceased minors.  It is submitted that the appellant’s   acts   were   not   the   product   of   a   long   period   of   cold 26 blooded  planning,   but  were   instead   actions   committed   during  a period of extreme emotional turmoil and disturbance after he had come back from Chandigarh to Darripara after trying to find out his wife.       It   is   submitted   that   the   aforesaid   aspect   has   not   been considered by the Courts below. 7.8 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant that, unfortunately, subsequently the wife of the appellant has died and the liability to maintain the children was/is   upon   his   old   aged   mother.     It   is   submitted   that   the appellant’s mother is no longer capable of working and the entire family survives on Rs.300/­ of old­age pension that she receives.   It is submitted that the daughter of the appellant was forced to drop the school after class IX due to poverty.  It is submitted that his one daughter   is   married   and   the   appellant   has   another   daughter Sanjana aged about 16 years.   It is submitted that if the death sentence   of   the   appellant   is   converted   to   life,   in  that   case,   the appellant   would   be   in   a   position   to   work   in   the   jail   and   earn something which would be helpful to his mother and daughter.   It 27 is   submitted   that   while   the   death   sentence   is   continued,   the appellant would not be in a position to do any work in Jail.   7.9 Learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   appellant   has further submitted that in many cases this Court has commuted the death sentence imposed for heinous crimes.       Reliance is placed upon the decisions of this Court in the cases of   Shaikh Ayub v. (1998) 9 SCC 521,  State of Maharashtra  Allaudin Mian v. State of Bihar   (1989) 3 SCC 5,   Dharmedrasinh v. State of Gujarat (2002)   4   SCC   679,   Nemu   Ram   Bora   v.   State   of   Assam   & (1975) 1 SC 318,   (supra) and  Nagaland  Rajesh Kumar Brajendra Singh v. State of M.P.  (2012) 4 SCC 289. 7.10 Making   the   above   submissions,   it   is   prayed   to   allow   the present appeal and acquit the appellant­accused for the offences for which he was tired.  In the alternative, it is prayed to convert the death sentence into the life imprisonment.    8. The   present   appeal   is   vehemently   opposed   by   Shri   Pranav Sachdeva, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­ State.   28 8.1 It is vehemently submitted by the learned counsel appearing on   behalf   of   the   respondent­State   that   in   the   facts   and circumstances of the case both, the learned Trial Court and the High   Court   have   rightly   convicted   the   accused   for   the   offence punishable under Section 302 IPC for having killed the three minor children of the complainant and both the Courts below have rightly awarded the death sentence.     8.2 It is vehemently submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that the impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is a well­reasoned and has been passed after hearing the parties and considering the entire facts and circumstances and therefore the same is not required to be interfered with by this Court in exercise of powers under Article 136 of the Constitution of India.    8.3 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf   of   the   respondent­State   that   though   the   present   case   is based on  circumstantial  evidence,   however,   the   prosecution  has been successful in completing the chain of events which lead to the 29 only conclusion that it is the accused alone who had killed the three innocent children.     8.4 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf   of   the   respondent­State   that   in   the   present   case   the prosecution   has   been   successful   in   proving   the   motive   for   the accused to take revenge and killing three minor children of the complainant Shivlal­P.W.18. 8.5 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that thereafter the prosecution has been successful in establishing and proving that the accused was last seen together with the three minor children whose dead bodies were found subsequently at the instance of the accused.    8.6 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that there are three relevant and material circumstances against the accused, namely, (i) last seen evidence;   (ii)   recovery   of   dead   bodies   pursuant   to   a   disclosure memorandum at the instance of the accused and (iii) call details made to the accused.  It is submitted that therefore the aforesaid three sets of circumstances are proved by the prosecution against 30 the accused by examining P.W.1, P.W.8, P.W.13, P.W.16, P.W.18 and P.W.24. 8.7 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that by examining P.W.2, P.W.5 and P.W.10 the prosecution has been successful in proving that all the three deceased­three minor children had gone to the school on that day and thereafter after the school was over, they left the school together for home.  It is submitted that the same is supported by the relevant documentary evidence. 8.8 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that the minor children were last seen together with the accused, has been established and proved by the prosecution by examining P.W.1 and P.W.8. 8.9 It is submitted that the dead bodies of minors – Ajay, Vijay and Kumari Sakshi – were recovered on the basis of the disclosure memorandum Ex.P­2.  It is submitted that Ex.P­2 and the recovery of   the   dead   bodies   at   the   instance   of   the   accused   has   been established   and   proved   by   the   prosecution   beyond   doubt,   more particularly, by examining P.W.7, P.W.22 and P.W.24.   31 8.10 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf   of   the   respondent­State   that   during   the   course   of   the investigation   there   were   phone   calls   with   the   accused   and   the conversation has been established and proved by Ex­P­30 – Phone Call Details.  It is submitted that the same have not been explained by the accused. 8.11 It is further submitted by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent­State that in the present case even the conduct on the part of the accused, more particularly, his absence from the date of missing of the minor children till he was arrested from the house of witness Ashok Kumar Madhukar­P.W.13 is a relevant   factor.     It   is   submitted   that   the   accused   has   failed   to explain his absence from the village and from his house. 8.12 It is submitted that in fact the accused was found in the house of his relative Ashok Kumar Madhukar­P.W.13.  It is submitted that therefore  it  is   established   and   proved  that  after  committing  the offence   the   accused   had   taken   the   shelter   in   the   house   of   his relative Ashok Kumar Madhukar­P.W.13.   It is submitted that even there was an extra­judicial confession by the accused before Ashok 32 Kumar Madhukar­P.W.13 which has been established and proved from the deposition of Ashok Kumar Madhukar­P.W.13. 8.13 It is further submitted that the death of the three minors was homicidal   deaths,   which   has   been   established   and   proved   by examining the doctors who conducted the post­mortem. 8.14 It   is   submitted   that   therefore   the   prosecution   has   been successful in completing the chain of events.  It is submitted that therefore both the Courts below have rightly convicted the accused for having killed the three minor children. 9. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that there are material contradictions in the depositions of P.W.1, P.W.8, P.W.18 and other witnesses is concerned, it is submitted by the learned   counsel   for   the   respondent­State   that   the   alleged contradictions   do   not   affect   the   case   of   the   prosecution.     It   is submitted that the aforesaid contradictions cannot be said to be the material contradictions for which the benefit of doubt should be given to the accused.   It is submitted that most of the witnesses are consistent   with   their   statements   under   Section   161   Cr.P.C. recorded by the Investigating Officer during the investigation.   It is 33 submitted  that  there  are  no  much  improvements.     It is   further submitted by the learned counsel appearing for the respondent­ State that the so­called/alleged contradictions in any way do not affect the case of the prosecution and the material evidence with respect to the last seen evidence; recovery of the dead bodies as per the disclosure memorandum at the instance of the accused and the phone call details with the accused and even the motive for the accused to commit the offence.   10. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that the   incriminating   circumstances   against   the   accused   from   the deposition of P.W.1 has not been put to the accused while recording his   statement   under   Section   313   Cr.P.C.   is   concerned,   it   is submitted by the learned counsel appearing for the respondent­ State   that,   as   such,   the   said   irregularity   shall   not   affect   the ultimate case against the accused.   It is submitted that in any case the case of the accused in his statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C. is that of total denial.   It is submitted that on the aforesaid ground the accused cannot be acquitted. 34 11. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that sufficient opportunity was not given to the accused on the sentence inasmuch as the accused was heard on the sentence on the very same day he was convicted is concerned, it is submitted that on the aforesaid ground the judgment and order passed by the learned Trial Court on sentence and confirmed by the High Court is not required   to   be   interfered   with.     It   is   submitted   that   after   the accused   was   held   guilty,   fullest   opportunity   was   given   to   the accused on sentence.    It is submitted that elaborate submissions were made   by   the   learned   Advocate   appearing   on  behalf   of   the accused on sentence and even on the death sentence also.     It is submitted that therefore as such no prejudice has been caused to the accused. 12. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused not to confirm the death sentence and to convert the death sentence into the life imprisonment is concerned, it is submitted by the learned counsel  appearing   for   the   respondent­State   that  on  striking  the balance between the aggravating circumstances and the mitigating circumstances and considering the fact that the accused killed the 35 three minor children after abducting them, no sympathy should be shown to such an accused.   It is submitted that, therefore, as such this is a fit case to award the death sentence and the case would fall into the rarest of rare cases.    Therefore, it is prayed to dismiss the present appeal and confirm the death sentence. 13. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the respective parties at length.  We have also gone through and considered in detail the Judgment and order passed by the learned Trial Court as well as the   impugned   judgment   and   order   passed   by   the   High   Court convicting and accused for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 364 IPC.   We have also gone through and considered in detail the evidence on record ­ both oral and documentary.   13.1 The   appellant­accused   has   been   held   guilty   for   having committed the murder/killing of three minor children aged about 8 years, 6 years and 4 years respectively and has been convicted by both the Courts below for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 364 IPC.   The learned Trial Court, after having held the appellant­accused guilty for the aforesaid offences, has imposed the 36 death sentence, which has been confirmed by the High Court by the impugned judgment and order. 14. We are conscious of the fact that it is a case of circumstantial evidence and therefore before convicting the accused on the basis of circumstantial evidence, the prosecution has to prove beyond doubt and complete the chain of events which lead to the conclusion that it is the accused alone who has committed the offence.  Therefore, in the facts and circumstances of the case, it is required to be considered   whether   the   prosecution   has   been   successful   in establishing   the   complete   chain   of   events   which   lead   to   the conclusion   that   it   is   the   appellant­accused   alone   who   has committed the offence? 15. Having   gone   through   the   impugned   judgment   and   order passed by the High Court as well as the judgment and order of conviction passed by the learned Trial Court and the case of the prosecution,   the   appellant­accused   has   been   convicted   mainly based on three sets of circumstances: (i) last seen evidence; (ii) recovery of bodies pursuant to a disclosure memo and (iii) alleged 37 calls   made   to   the   appellant   during   the   search   for   the   missing children. 16.  Before   considering   the   submissions   made   on   behalf   of   the accused,   few   findings   recorded   by   the   learned   Trial   Court   and confirmed by the High Court, are required to be first referred to. The prosecution has been successful in establishing and proving that the accused was having enmity with Shivlal­father of the three deceased   minor   children.     The   same   has   been   established   and proved by the prosecution by examining Shivlal­P.W.18, Manisha­ P.W.20   and   Rameshwar­P.W.11.     The   prosecution   has   been successful in proving that on 11.02.2011 all the minors deceased Ajay, Vijay and Kumari Sakshi went to the school from their house. The   prosecution   has   also   been   successful   in   establishing   and proving  that  on 11.02.2011 at  about 11.30  hours the   deceased minors left for home on foot;  that the minors did not return to their home.     On   11.02.2011   at   about   12.00   noon   –   1.00   pm,   the deceased were seen going with the accused in school uniform with their school bags.   Therefore, the accused was last seen together with the deceased minors.  That, after the incident, the accused was 38 not found  at his house  and  was missing even from the village. During   the   search   by   Shivlal­P.W.18   and   others   and   after   the accused was not found in the village, there were phone calls on the mobile of the accused.   That, thereafter, the accused was found from   the   house   of   his   relative   Ashok   Kumar   Madhukar­P.W.13. Immediately after his arrest, the dead bodies were recovered/found along   with   the   school   bags   etc.   from   the   place   shown   by   the accused himself.  The aforesaid are the chain of events which led to the conclusion that the accused first kidnapped the three minor children and thereafter killed all of them.   The phone­calls made to the accused has been established and proved by the prosecution by examining the Investigating Officer and by producing the call details from the mobile company as Ex.P.30. 17. Now, so far as the evidence of the accused having last seen together   with   the   deceased   is   concerned,   the   prosecution   has heavily relied upon the depositions of P.W.1 and P.W.8.  So far as the reliance placed upon the deposition of P.W.1 is concerned, it is the case on behalf of the accused that while recording his statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C., the incriminating material on the basis 39 of   the   deposition   of   P.W.1   that   he   saw   the   accused   with   the deceased   minors   at   around   1.00   pm   on   the   afternoon   of 11.02.2011, was not put to him and therefore, to that extent, the deposition of P.W.1 cannot be relied upon.   However, it is required to be noted that while recording the statement of the accused under Section 313 Cr.PC., the deposition of P.W.1 was specifically referred to.   Therefore, not asking a specific question arising out of the deposition of P.W.1, in the facts and circumstances of the case, cannot be said to be fatal to the case of the prosecution.   Even otherwise, the accused was last seen together with the deceased minors has   been  established   and   proved   by   the  prosecution  by examining P.W.8­Ashok Patel.  P.W.8­Ashok Patel in his deposition has specifically stated that he saw the accused with all the three minors deceased at around 12.00 hours on 11.02.2011.   He has identified/recognized the accused present in the court. He has also stated that he knew the complainant Shivlal and he recognized all the three minor children of Shivlal.   The said witness has been thoroughly   cross­examined   by   the   defence.     However,   from   the cross­examination, the defence has failed to make out any case 40 which may doubt either the credibility and/or what the said witness has   stated   in   his   examination­in­chief.       He   is   an   independent witness on the evidence of last seen together.  We see no reason to doubt the same.  There may be some contradictions, but according to us, those contradictions are not material contradictions, which may doubt the credibility of the said witness and/or may be fatal to the   case   of   the   prosecution.     Thus,   the   prosecution   has   been successful in establishing and proving that the accused was last seen together with all the three minor children at about 12.00 noon on 11.02.2011 after they left the school. 17.1 At this stage, it is required to be noted that the prosecution has proved beyond doubt that all the three minors went to the school in the morning of 11.02.2011 and thereafter they left for the home at about 11.30 hours.  That, thereafter, at about 12.00 hours, the accused was seen with all the three minor children.   At this stage, it is required to be noted that after Ashok Patel disclosed to Shivlal­P.W.18 and others that he had seen the accused with the three   minor   children   on   11.02.2011   at   about   11.30   hours,   the name  of   the   accused   was   specifically   mentioned   in   the   missing 41 report   given   by   Shivlal   on   11.02.2011   and   the   same   was   also mentioned in the FIR.  In the FIR, it was specifically mentioned that during   the   investigation   of   missing   person   No.   3/11,   he   had enquired the complainant and Ashok Patel and Ashok Patel told that   he   saw   the   minor   children   with   the   accused.     Thus, considering   the   entire   evidence   on   record,   we   see   no   reason  to doubt the credibility of P.W.8­Ashok Patel.   He is an independent witness and no mala­fides are alleged against him on behalf of the accused. 18. Now, the next important evidence against the accused is the recovery of dead bodies which were found from the places shown by the accused after his arrest.  During the course of the investigation, the dead bodies were found from the places shown by the accused, the places which the accused alone could have known.   Therefore, there is a recovery of the dead bodies along with the school dress and bags at the instance of the accused.  It has been established and proved from the disclosure memo.   The disclosure memo has been exhibited.     Therefore, the aforesaid circumstance definitely goes against the accused. 42 19. One another circumstance which goes against the accused is that   after   the   incident   of   missing   of   three   minor   children,   the accused was not found in his house and even in the village.  He was contacted on his mobile phone.   Initially when he was tried to be contacted,   his   mobile   phone   was   found   switched­off.     However, thereafter,   he   could   be   contacted   on   mobile   when   Rameshwar­ P.W.11 phoned the accused Manoj on 12.2.2011 at about 11.00 p.m.  As per the said witness, at about 11.00 p.m. he phoned the accused Manoj and asked him “Where are you” and the accused told that he is present in his house.   According to the said witness, the accused also told when he was asked whether any information about the where­about of Shivlal’s children was received, initially the accused replied that he do not know.  But, thereafter, he told that “When my children are crying Guddu @ Shivlal was enjoying, now when his children are missing how is he feeling”.     19.1 However, it is required to be noted that the accused was not present in his house at all.  From the evidence on record, it appears that the concerned witnesses – Shivlal and others found that the accused Manoj was not in his house.  Phone calls made at 11.00 43 pm on the mobile of the accused in the night of 11.02.2011 has been established and proved by the prosecution by producing the call details from the mobile company (produced as Ex.P.30). The accused   has   failed   to   give   any   explanation   on   the   same   in  his statement   under   Section   313   Cr.P.C.       Non­examination   of   the officer of the mobile company cannot be said to be fatal to the case of the prosecution, more particularly, when the CDR has been got exhibited, through the deposition of the Investigating Officer and when the same was exhibited, no objection was raised on behalf of the defence.   Even otherwise, it is required to be noted that the mobile SIM No. 9179484724 was seized from the accused at the time of his arrest and which is proved as per the seizure memo. Therefore,   the   prosecution   has   proved   that   the   mobile   SIM   No. 9179484724 belonged to the accused. 20.   One   other   important   evidence   against   the   accused   is   the deposition of P.W.13­Ashok Kumar Madhukar.   The accused was found hiding in the house of said Ashok Kumar Madhukar situated at village Lakharam which is 5­6 kilometers away.  It is true that the   said   witness   has   turned   hostile.     However,   in   the   cross­ 44 examination by the prosecution, P.W. 13 has specifically stated that the accused Manoj told him that the children of Shivlal had gone missing and Shivlal has lodged a report against him and the police is   looking   for   him.     He   has   specifically   stated   in   the   cross­ examination that he engaged the accused Manoj in conversation and thereafter the police came and took Manoj after arresting him. Therefore, the fact that the accused was found from the house of said   Ashok   Kumar   Madhukar   from   village   Lakharam   has   been established and proved, despite the said Ashok Kumar Madhukar has turned hostile.  As per the settled proposition of law, even the deposition of the hostile witness to the extent it supports the case of the prosecution can be relied upon.   The accused has failed to explain his conduct in his statement under Section 313 Cr.P.C. about his missing from the house and even the village after the incident of kidnapping.   He has also failed to explain the reason why he was found from the house of Ashok Kumar Madhukar.  It may be that there is some doubt created by the defence about the place where the accused was arrested. However, the fact remains that   the   accused   was   arrested   from   village   Lakharam   on 45 13.02.2011.  According to the defence, the accsued was arrested on 12.02.2011 evening.   But the same is not established and proved from the evidence.  On the contrary, as per the deposition of Ashok Kumar Madhukar, he was arrested on 13.02.2011.     Even as per the   arrest   memo,   the   accused   was   arrested   on   13.02.2011. Immediately thereafter, during the course of the investigation and as per the disclosure memo, the dead bodies of the deceased minor children were recovered at the instance of the accused.  Therefore, as   such,   the   chain   of   events   established   and   proved   by   the prosecution as under: (1) That all the three minor children went to the school in the morning of 11.02.2011; (2) That all three minor children left the school at about 11.30 a.m. on 11.02.2011; (3) That   the   accused   was   last   seen   together   with   the deceased   minors   at   about   12.00   hours   –   1.00   p.m.       on 11.02.2011; (4)  That there was a prior enmity between the accused and the complainant Shivlal­father of the deceased minor children 46 as the wife of the accused ran away with the brother of Shivlal and that the children of the accused were without their mother and therefore he took the revenge how Shivlal would feel if his children are missing; (5) That the accused was missing from his house and even the village from the time of the incident of kidnapping; (6) There were phone calls with the accused on his mobile no. 9179484724 on the night of 11.02.2011; (7) That   he   was   hiding   in   the   house   of   Ashok   Kumar Madhukar and he was arrested from village Lakharam from the house of Ashok Kumar Madhukar on 13.02.2011 and/or at least from Village Lakharam; (8) Recovery of dead bodies of the minor children from the place shown by the accused, which are recovered from the place/places   for   which   the   accused   alone   could   have   the knowledge; and (9) That the death of the minors were homicidal death. 21. As per the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the accused, there are contradictions in the depositions of various witnesses, 47 more particularly, P.W.1 and P.W.8 having told that they had seen the accused with the minor children on 11.02.2011 and even with respect to the telephonic calls and having talked with the accused after   11.02.2011.   However,   having   considered   the   so­called contradictions   pointed   out  by  the   learned  counsel  appearing  on behalf of the accused and other evidences, we are of the opinion that those contradictions are not material contradictions which may ultimately affect the case of the prosecution as a whole.   The minor discrepancies   and   inconsistencies   in   the   statements   of   the prosecution witnesses and the minor lacuna in the investigation led by   the   police   cannot   be   a   reason   for   discarding   the   entire prosecution   case,   if   the   evidence   is   otherwise   sufficient   and inspiring to bring home the guilt of the accused.   As observed by this Court in the case of   Leema Ram v. State of Haryana   [AIR 1999 SC 3717], there are bound to be some discrepancies between the narrations of different witnesses, when they speak on details, and unless the contradictions are of a material dimension, the same should not be used to jettison the evidence in its entirety. It is further observed that corroboration of evidence with mathematical 48 niceties cannot be expected in criminal cases. Minor embellishment, there may be, but variations by reason therefore should not render the   evidence   unbelievable.   Trivial   discrepancies   ought   not   to obliterate an otherwise acceptable evidence.   The Court shall have to   bear   in   mind   that   different   witnesses   react   differently   under different situations: whereas some become speechless; some start wailing while some others run away from the scene and yet there are some who may come forward with courage, conviction and belief
that the wrong should be remedied.So it depends upon individuals
and individuals. There cannot be any set pattern or uniform rule of human reaction and to discard a piece of evidence on the ground of his   reaction   not   falling   within   a   set   pattern   is   unproductive. Therefore,   we   are   of   the   opinion   that   the   so­called   minor discrepancies/contradictions do not ultimately affect the case of the prosecution.   The   benefit   of   such   minor   discrepancies/ contradictions   should   not   go   to   the   accused,   more   particularly, when from the other evidences on record the guilt of the accused has been established and proved. 49 22. Thus, for the reasons sated above, we are of the opinion that the   High   Court   has   not   committed   any   error   in   upholding   the conviction   of   the   accused   for   the   offences   punishable   under Sections 302 and 364 IPC.  We are in complete agreement with the view taken by the learned Trial Court as well as the High Court in so far as convicting the accused for the offences punishable under Section 302 and 364 IPC for having killed three minor children aged about 8 years, 6 years and 4 years respectively. 23. Now, so far as the capital punishment imposed by the learned Trial Court and confirmed by the High Court is concerned, it is the case on behalf of the appellant­accused that as the learned Trial Court heard the accused on sentence the very same day on which the   conviction   was   recorded   and   as   such   an   error   has   been committed by the learned Trial Court and therefore it vitiates the award of sentence, reliance has been placed upon the decisions of this Court in the cases of   (supra),   Santa Singh   Allaudin Mian (supra),   Rajesh Kumar   (supra),   Ajay Pandit @ Jagdish   (supra) and a recent decision of this Court in  Chhannu Lal Verma  (supra). While considering the aforesaid submissions, the object of Section 50 235(2) Cr.P.C. is required to be considered.  The object and purpose of Section 235(2) Cr.P.C. is that the accused must be given an opportunity to make a representation against the sentence to be imposed on him.   Sub­section (2) of Section 235 satisfies a dual purpose; it satisfies the rule of natural justice by affording to the accused an opportunity of being heard on the question of sentence and at the same time helps the court to choose the sentence to be awarded.   So, what is required to be considered is whether at the time of awarding of sentence, sufficient and proper opportunity has been given to the accused or not and when the capital punishment is awarded, whether the accused has been given the opportunity to point out the aggravating and mitigating circumstances or not?  An identical question came to be considered by this Court in a recent decision   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   Accused   ‘X’   v.   State   of in   Review   Petition   (Criminal)   No.   301   of   2008   in Maharashtra   Criminal Appeal No. 680 of 2007 dated 12.04.2019.   Before this Court the very decisions on which the reliance has been placed now by the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the accused, which are referred to hereinabove, were pressed into service.  This Court 51 had the occasion to consider the very submissions made on behalf of the accused, more particularly, the conviction and the sentence on   the   very   day   on   which   the   conviction   was   recorded.     In paragraphs 29 to 34, this Court has observed and held as under: “29. Two recent three Judge Bench decisions of this Court on this aspect merit our consideration. Firstly, in the decision dated 28.11.2018 in Chhannu Lal Verma v. State of Chhattisgarh (Criminal Appeal Nos. 14821483 of 2018), this Court observed that not having a separate hearing at the stage of trial was a procedural impropriety. Noting   that   a   bifurcated   hearing   for   conviction   and sentencing   was   a   necessary   condition   laid   down   in Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar, (2009) 6 SCC 498, the Court held that by conducting the hearing for sentencing on the same day, the Trial Court failed to provide necessary time to the appellant therein to furnish evidence relevant to sentencing and mitigation. We find that   this   cannot   be   taken   to   mean   that   this   Court intended   to   lay   down,   as   a   proposition   of   law,   that hearing the accused for sentencing on the same day as for conviction would vitiate the trial. On the contrary, in the said case, it was found on facts that the same was a procedural   impropriety   because   the   accused   was   not given   sufficient   time   to   furnish   evidence   relevant   to sentencing and mitigation. 30. Secondly, in the decision dated 12.12.2018 in Rajendra   Prahladrao   Wasnik   v.   State   of   Maharashtra, (Review Petition  (Crl.) Nos. 306­307 of 2013), this Court made a general observation that in cases where the death penalty may be awarded, the Trial Court should give an opportunity   to   the   accused   after   conviction   which   is adequate for the production of relevant material on the 52 question of the propriety of the death sentence. This is evidently at best directory in nature and cannot be taken to mean that a pre­sentence hearing on a separate date is mandatory. 31. It may also be noted that in the older three­ Judge   Bench   decision   of   this   Court   in   Malkiat   Singh Case (1991) 4 SCC 341, the Court observed that keeping in   mind   the   two­Judge   Bench   decisions   in   Allauddin Mian   Case  (supra)   and   Auguswamy   v.   State   of   Tamil Nadu, (1989) 3  SCC 33, wherein it had been laid down that a sentence awarded on the same day as the finding of guilt is not in accordance with law, the normal course of action in case of violation of such procedure would be remand for further evidence. However, on a perusal of these two decisions we find that their import has not been correctly appreciated in Malkiat Singh Case (supra), since the observations in Allauddin Mian Case (supra), as relied   upon   in   Anguswamy   Case   (supra), regarding conduct   of   hearings   on   separate   dates,   were   only directory. Be that as it may, it must be noted that the effect of  Malkiat Singh Case (supra) has already been considered by this Court in Vasanta Sampat Dupare v. State of Maharashtra  (2017) 6 SCC 631, wherein it was already   noted   that   the   mere   non­conduct   of   the   pre­ sentence hearing on a separate date would not per se vitiate the trial if the accused has been afforded sufficient time to place relevant material on record. 32. It may not be out of context to note that in case the minimum sentence is proposed to be imposed upon the  accused,  the question  of providing an opportunity under Section 235(2) would not arise. (See Tarlok Singh v. State of Punjab, (1977) 3 SCC 218; Ramdeo Chauhan v. State of Assam, (2001) 5 SCC 714). 33. There cannot be any doubt that at the stage of hearing on sentence, generally, the accused argues based 53 on   the   mitigating   circumstances   in   his   favour   for imposition of lesser sentence. On the other hand, the State/the   complainant   would   argue   based   on   the aggravating   circumstances   against   the   accused   to support the contention relating to imposition of higher sentence. The object of Section 235 (2) of the Cr.P.C is to provide an  opportunity for accused to adduce mitigating circumstances. This does not mean, however, that the Trial   Court   can   fulfill   the   requirements   of Section 235(2) of the Cr.P.C. only by adjourning the matter for one or two days to hear the parties on sentence. If the accused is ready to submit his arguments on this aspect on the very day of pronouncement of the judgment of conviction,   it   is   open   for   the   Trial   Court   to   hear   the parties on sentence on the same day after passing the judgment of conviction. In a given case, based on facts and circumstances, the Trial Court may choose to hear the parties on the next day or after two days as well. 34. In light of the above discussion, we are of the opinion that   as   long   as   the   spirit   and   purpose   of   Section 235(2)  is  met, inasmuch as the accused is afforded a real   and   effective   opportunity   to   plead   his   case   with respect   to   sentencing,   whether   simply   by   way   of   oral submissions or by also bringing pertinent material on record,  there  is no bar on the  pre­sentencing hearing taking   place   on   the   same   day   as   the   pre­conviction hearing. Depending on the facts and circumstances, a separate date may be required for hearing on sentence, but it is equally permissible to argue on the question of sentence on the same day if the parties wish to do so.” Thus, there is no absolute proposition of law that in no case there can be conviction and sentence on the same day.   There is no 54 absolute proposition of law laid down by this Court in any of the decisions that if the sentence is awarded on the very same day on which   the   conviction   was   recorded,   the   sentencing   would   be vitiated.   23.1 So far as the reliance placed upon by the learned counsel appearing on behalf the appellant upon the decision of this Court in the case of  Santa Singh  (supra) is concerned, on considering the entire judgment and the facts in that case, we are of the opinion that the said decision shall not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand and/or the same shall not be of any assistance to the accused.   In that case before this Court, it was found that the learned Trial Court did not give the accused an opportunity to be heard in regard to the sentence to be imposed on him and by one single judgment convicted the accused and also sentenced him to death. 23.2 Similarly, the decision of this Court in the case of   Allaudin Mian  (supra) also shall not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.   In the case before this Court, it was found that the death sentence was imposed by the Trial Court without affording proper 55 opportunity   of   hearing   as   contemplated   under   Section   235(2) Cr.P.C.   No reasons were recorded for awarding the death sentence which as such were mandatory and thereafter on merits this Court found that the death sentence was no warranted.     23.3 Applying  the   law laid   down  by   this  Court  in the  aforesaid decisions, more particularly, in the case of  Accused ‘X’  (supra) to the facts of the case on hand and on considering the reasoning given by the learned Trial Court as well as the High Court, we are of the opinion that there is sufficient compliance of the provisions of Section 235(2) Cr.P.C.    The learned Trial Court heard the accused on the aspect of proposition of sentence separately which is clear from paragraphs   76  to 82  of  the  judgment  of  the  learned  Trial Court.     Hence, based on the material on record, we are satisfied that the learned Trial Court fully complied with the requirements of Section 235(2) Cr.P.C.   The learned Trial Court had considered the mitigating circumstances pointed out on behalf of the accused and also considered the aggravating circumstances which warranted the death sentence.  Thus, it cannot be said that the accused was not given   any   sufficient   opportunity   to   put   forward   his   case   on 56 sentence.    It also cannot be said that the learned Trial Court has not given any special reasons while awarding the death sentence. After considering the aggravating circumstances and the crime i.e. the magnitude and the manner of the commission of the crime in the   form   of   kidnapping   and   thereafter   murdering   three   minor children, while awarding the death sentence the learned Trial Court has considered the following aggravating circumstances against the accused: “A. This   point   is   not  disputed   that  the   accused   was annoyed with Shivlal (PW­18) because 10 days prior to the incident his wife Sumrit Bai eloped or got eloped by the brother of Shivlal (PW­18) as there was a love affair between Sumrit Bai and uncle of the minors deceased Ajay, Vijay and Sakshi.  In this regard evidence is also available on record. B. As well as this point is also considerable that being acquaintance with the accused and having faith on accused all the three minors innocent Ajay, Vijay and Sakshi left the school with the accused and were missing. Hence, breaching the faith of all the three innocent minors the accused has committed the offence of kidnapping.    C. It   is   also   considerable   that   the   accused   has committed culpable homicide of all the three minors Ajay, Vijay and Sakshi whose age was in between 4 to 8 years.   There was 10 days sufficient time gap between the incident of eloping accused’s wife with Shivnath, the uncle of the minors and the date of 57 committing   culpable   homicide   of   the   minors. Hence,   the   act   of   the   accused   is   not   the   act committed   under   grave   and   sudden   provocation. On the basis of evidence available on record the act of   the   accused   is   afterthought   with   planned manner. D. It   is   also   considerable   that   accused   has   brutally committed homicidal death of all three minors Ajay, Vijay and Sakshi by processing their neck forcefully who have no concern with the matter of eloping his wife Sumrit Bai. E. It is also considerable that accused has brutally, mercilessly and cowardly committed murder of all three   minors   Ajay,   Vijay   and   Sakshi   who   were tender age of 4­8 years and were completely unable to   resist   and   defend   themselves   at   the   time   of incident. F. At the time of committing the said act accused had two children thinking over it the accused did not have to do the said act.   In the light of the said act committed   by   the   accused   the   question   of maintaining their minor children is secondary. G. It   is   also   considerable   that   the   said   act   of   the accused   is   the   act   which   gives   challenge   to   the social security of the society.” Thus, the submission on behalf of the accused that as the sentence was   recorded   on   the   same   day   on   which   the   conviction   was recorded and therefore it has vitiated the award of sentence, cannot 58 be accepted.  As observed hereinabove, there is a total compliance of the provisions of Section 235 (2) as well as Section 354 Cr.P.C.   24. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that while awarding the capital punishment the learned Trial Court has solely   looked   to   the   brutality   of   the   crime   is   concerned,   it   is factually incorrect.   On considering the rival discussions as well as the reasons given by the learned Trial Court while awarding the capital punishment, it appears that the brutality of the crime was considered to be one of the reasons and not the sole reason.   25. However, at the same time, the prayer on behalf of the accused not to impose the death penalty and to convert the same into life imprisonment, in the facts and circumstances of the case, requires consideration.     Therefore,   now   the   question   which   is   posed   for consideration   of   this   Court   is   whether,   in   the   facts   and circumstances of the case, the death sentence is warranted? 25.1 While answering the aforesaid questions, few decisions of this Court on when the death sentence is warranted are required to be referred to and considered.    59 25.2 After analyzing many decisions of this Court on imposition of death sentence, namely,  Bachan Singh  (supra);  Machhi Singh v.  (1983) 3 SCC 470;   State of Punjab Mohd. Chaman v. State (NCT of Delhi)   (2001) 2 SCC 28;   Aloke Nath Dutta v. State of W.B. (2007) 12 SCC 230;     (2009) 14 State of Punjab v. Manjit Singh SCC 31;   Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar v. State of   (2009) 6 SCC 498;   Maharashtra Sebastian v. State of Kerala (2010) 1 SCC 58;   Rajesh Kumar   (supra);   Ramesh v. State of (2011) 3 SCC 685;  (supra); and  Rajasthan  Amit  Mohinder Singh v. State of Punjab   (2013) 3 SCC 294, the decisions which were relied upon  on   behalf  of   the   accused   and  after   considering  few decisions of this Court involving death sentence which were relied upon on behalf of the State, ultimately, this Court in the case of Sushil  Sharma  v.  State  (NCT)   of   Delhi   (2014)  4   SCC   317 in paragraphs 100­104 has observed and held as under: “100.  In  light   of   the   above   judgments,   we   would now ascertain what factors which we need to take into consideration   while   deciding   the   question   of   sentence. Undoubtedly,   we   must   locate   the   aggravating   and mitigating circumstances in this case and strike the right balance.   We   must   also   consider   whether   there   is 60 anything   uncommon   in   this   case   which   renders   the sentence to life imprisonment inadequate and calls for death sentence. It is also necessary to see whether the circumstances  of  the   crime  are  such  that there  is  no alternative   but   to   impose   death   sentence   even   after according   maximum   weightage   to   the   mitigating circumstances which speak in favour of the offender. 101.  We notice from the above judgments that mere brutality of the murder or the number of persons killed or the manner in which the body is disposed of has not always persuaded this Court to impose death penalty. Similarly, at times, in the peculiar factual matrix, this Court has not thought it fit to award death penalty in cases, which rested on circumstantial evidence or solely on approver's evidence. Where murder, though brutal, is committed driven by extreme emotional disturbance and it does not have enormous proportion, the option of life imprisonment   has   been   exercised   in   certain   cases. Extreme poverty and social status has also been taken into   account   amongst   other   circumstances   for   not awarding death sentence. In few cases, time spent by the accused in death cell has been taken into consideration along   with   other   circumstances,   to   commute   death sentence into life imprisonment. Where the accused had no criminal antecedents; where the State had not led any evidence to show that the accused is beyond reformation and   rehabilitation   or   that   he   would   revert   to   similar crimes in future, this Court has leaned in favour of life imprisonment. In such cases, doctrine of proportionality and the theory of deterrence have taken a back seat. The theory   of   reformation   and   rehabilitation   has   prevailed over the idea of retribution. 102.  On the other hand, rape followed by a cold­ blooded murder of a minor girl and further followed by disrespect to the body of the victim has been often held 61 to be an offence attracting death penalty. At times, cases exhibiting premeditation and meticulous execution of the plan to murder by levelling a calculated attack on the victim to annihilate him, have been held to be fit cases for   imposing   death   penalty.   Where   innocent   minor children, unarmed persons, hapless women and old and infirm persons have been killed in a brutal manner by persons in dominating position, and where after ghastly murder displaying depraved mentality, the accused have shown   no   remorse,   death   penalty   has   been   imposed. Where it is established that the accused is a confirmed criminal   and   has   committed   murder   in   a   diabolical manner   and   where   it   is   felt   that   reformation   and rehabilitation of such a person is impossible and if let free, he would be a menace to the society, this Court has not hesitated to confirm death sentence. Many a time, in cases   of   brutal   murder,   exhibiting   depravity   and   sick mind, this Court has acknowledged the need to send a deterrent message to those who may embark on such crimes in future. In some cases involving brutal murders, society's cry for justice has been taken note of by this Court, amongst other relevant factors. But, one thing is certain that while deciding whether death penalty should be awarded or not, this Court has in each case realising the irreversible nature of the sentence, pondered over the issue many times over. This Court has always kept in mind   the   caution   sounded   by   the   Constitution   Bench in  Bachan Singh  [ Bachan Singh  v.  State of Punjab , (1980) 2 SCC 684 : 1980 SCC (Cri) 580] that Judges should never be bloodthirsty but has wherever necessary in the interest of society located the rarest of the rare case and exercised the tougher option of death penalty. 103.  In the nature of things, there can be no hard­ and­fast   rules   which   the   court   can   follow   while considering   whether   an   accused   should   be   awarded death sentence or not. The core of a criminal case is its facts and, the facts differ from case to case. Therefore, 62 the various factors like the age of the criminal, his social status,   his   background,   whether   he   is   a   confirmed criminal   or   not,   whether   he   had   any   antecedents, whether there is any possibility of his reformation and rehabilitation   or   whether   it   is   a   case   where   the reformation is impossible and the accused is likely to revert to such crimes in future and become a threat to the society are factors which the criminal court will have to examine independently in each case. Decision whether to impose death penalty or not must be taken in the light of guiding principles laid down in several authoritative pronouncements of this Court in the facts and attendant circumstances of each case. 104.  We must also bear in mind that though, the judicial   proceedings   do   take   a   long   time   in   attaining finality, that would not be a ground for commuting the death sentence to life imprisonment. Law in this behalf has been well settled in  Triveniben  [ Triveniben  v.  State of , (1989) 1 SCC 678 : 1989 SCC (Cri) 248] . The Gujarat time   taken   by   the   courts   till   the   final   verdict   is pronounced cannot come to the aid of the accused in canvassing   commutation   of   death   sentence   to   life imprisonment.   In   [  v.  Triveniben Triveniben State   of Gujarat , (1989) 1 SCC 678 : 1989 SCC (Cri) 248] , the Constitution Bench made it clear that though ordinarily, it is expected that even in this Court, the matters where the   capital   punishment   is   involved,   will   be   given   top priority   and   shall   be   heard   and   disposed   of   as expeditiously as possible but it could not be doubted that so long as the matter is pending in any court, before final adjudication, even the person who has been condemned or who has been sentenced to death has a ray of hope. It, therefore, could not be contended that he suffers that mental torture which a person suffers when he knows that  he   is   to   be   hanged   but  waits   for   the   doomsday. Therefore, the appellant cannot draw any support from 63
the fact that from the day of the crime till the final<br>verdict, a long time has elapsed. It must be remembered<br>that fair trial is the right of an accused. Fair trial involves<br>following the correct procedure and giving opportunity to<br>the accused to probabilise his defence. In a matter such<br>as this, hurried decision may not be in the interest of the<br>appellant.”
25.3 In the case of Absar Alam v. State of Bihar (2012) 2 SCC<br>728, it is observed and held by this Court that the mental condition<br>of the accused, which led to assault, cannot be lost sight of. It is<br>further observed that the mental condition or state of mind of<br>accused is one of the factors that can be taken into account in<br>considering the question of sentence.
25.4 Thus, from the catena of decisions of this Court, more<br>particularly, the decisions referred to hereinabove, for deciding on<br>the issue of sentence, the aggravating circumstances and mitigating<br>circumstances must be located and the right balance must be<br>adopted. What can be said to be the mitigating circumstances has<br>been dealt with and considered by this Court in the case of Bachan<br>Singh (supra). As observed by this Court in the case of Bachan<br>Singh (supra), the following can be said to be the mitigating
64
circumstances which are required to be considered while deciding<br>on the issue of death sentence.
“(1) That the offence was committed under the<br>influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.
(2) The age of the accused. If the accused is young<br>or old, he shall not be sentenced to death.
(3) The probability that the accused would not<br>commit criminal acts of violence as would constitute a<br>continuing threat to society.
(4) The probability that the accused can be reformed<br>and rehabilitated.
The State shall by evidence prove that the accused<br>does not satisfy Conditions (3) and (4) above.
(5) That in the facts and circumstances of the case<br>the accused believed that he was morally justified in<br>committing the offence.
(6) That the accused acted under the duress or<br>domination of another person.
(7) That the condition of the accused showed that he<br>was mentally defective and that the said defect impaired<br>his capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct.”
25.5 In light of the above judgments, we would now ascertain the factors which we need to take into consideration while deciding on the  question  of  sentence.    We   must  locate   the   aggravating  and mitigating circumstances in this case and strike a right balance. In   the   present   case,   the   following   are   the   mitigating factors/circumstances: 65 (i) That the offence was committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.   The accused was emotionally disturbed due to the elopement of his wife with the uncle of the deceased and that his children were suffering in absence of their mother with them.  The accused was so much disturbed and troubled is also born out from the deposition of one of  the  witnesses that on mobile the  accused told  how Shivlal is feeling without his children. (ii) There are no criminal antecedents. (iii) At the time of commission of the offence the accused was 28 years of age and his conduct in prison is reported to be good. (iv) That he belongs to a poor family and is the only son of his parents, and (v) That he has got an old aged mother who is taking care of two daughters of the accused, out of which one is married now. 25.6 On the other hand, the only aggravating circumstance pointed out by the State is that the manner in which the incident took place 66 and three minors were brutally killed.  Except the above, no other aggravating circumstances are pointed out on behalf of the State. Therefore, striking the balance between aggravating circumstances and mitigating circumstances, we are of the opinion that in the facts and circumstances of the case, more particularly, the mental condition   of   the   accused   at   the   time   of   the   commission   of   the offence   and   that   the   accused   was   under   extreme   mental disturbance due to his wife eloped with the uncle of the deceased and his children were deprived of the company of their mother, the mitigating circumstances are in favour of the accused to convert the death sentence to life imprisonment.  It is true that the court must respond to the cry of the society and to settle what would be the deterrent punishment for an abominable crime.   It is also equally true   that   a   larger   number   of   criminals   go   unpunished   thereby increasing   criminals   in   the   society   and   law   losing   its   deterrent . effect.     It is also true that the peculiar circumstances of a given case often results in miscarriage of justice and makes the justice delivery   system   a   suspect;   in   the   ultimate   analysis,   the   society suffers and a criminal get encouraged.   Sometimes it is stated that 67 only rights of criminals are kept in mind, the victims are forgotten. However,   at   the   same   time,   while   imposing   the   rarest   of   rare punishment,   i.e.   death   penalty,   the   Court   must   balance   the mitigating and aggravating circumstances of the crime and it would depend upon particular and peculiar facts and circumstances of each case.  The mitigating circumstances as observed by this Court in   the   case   of   Bachan   Singh   (supra)   and   the   mitigating circumstances in the present case, if are considered cumulatively and more particularly, that the accused was under the extreme mental disturbance because of the reasons stated hereinabove, we are of the opinion that, in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the   case,   the   death   penalty   is   not   warranted   and   the   same   be converted to life imprisonment.   26. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the present appeal succeeds in part.  The Judgment and Order passed by   the   learned   Trial   Court   and   confirmed   by   the   High   Court convicting the accused for the offences punishable under Sections 302   and   364   IPC   is   hereby   confirmed.       However,   the   death sentence imposed by the learned Trial Court, confirmed by the High 68 Court,   is   converted   into   the   life   imprisonment.       It   is   further observed and directed that the life means till the end of the life with the further observation and direction that there shall not be any remission till the accused completes 25 years of imprisonment. The present appeal is partly allowed to the aforesaid extent. …………………………..J. (UDAY UMESH LALIT) …………………………..J. (INDIRA BANERJEE) …………………………..J. (M. R. SHAH) New Delhi; March 05, 2020.