B.S.N.L. vs. BHURUMAL

[REPORTABLE] IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.10957/2013 (arising out of S.L.P.(Civil) No. 14572/2012 B.S.N.L. ….Appellant Vs. Bhurumal ….Respondent J U D G M E N T A.K.SIKRI,J. 1. Leave granted. 2. For deciding this appeal, the seminal facts, which are required a mention are recapitulated below: 3. The respondent herein raised an industrial dispute alleging JUDGMENT his wrongful termination, by approaching the Assistant Labour Commissioner, Faridabad in the year 2000. He claimed that he was working as a Lineman on daily wages with the Sonipat Telephone Department, BSNL at Saidpur Exchange and was not paid his wages for the period from October 2001 till April 2002. He further stated that while working he got an electrical shock and because of this accident he was hospitalized. However, he 1 Page 1 was not allowed to resume his duty which amounted to wrongful termination. Conciliation Proceedings commenced after notice was sent to the appellant. Defence of the appellant was that the

there was an agreement dated 18.1.2002 entered into between appellant and M/s. Haryana Securities/Services (Regd) for supply of securities personnel to SSA, Sonipat. The appellant stated that the respondent may have worked as a contract employee with the said contractor and deployed at the establishment of the appellant in that capacity. The conciliation proceedings were not successful, the Conciliation Officer sent his failure report to the Central Government and on that basis Central Government made a reference to the Central Government Industrial Disputes-cum- JUDGMENT Labour Court (CGIT), Chandigarh, with the following terms of reference. “Whether the action of the management of BSNL, Sonipat in terminating the services of Sh. Bhurumal worker w.e.f. Arpil 2002 is just and legal? If not what relief he is entitled to? 2 Page 2 4. In the claim statement filed by the respondent before the CGIT, the respondent stated that he had been working as a Lineman with the appellant from 1.7.1987 and worked in that

that on 17.11.2001, while repairing the fault of a telephone, he suffered electric shock and due to this accident, he sustained injuries. He was admitted in a hospital. He was not paid his salary from August 2001 to April 2002. His services were illegally TH terminated with effect from 28 April, 2002. In the written statement filed by the appellant, appellant took up the same stand which it had taken in the conciliation proceedings. It was emphasized that as there was a complete ban on recruitment, the department had employed contractors for carrying out the petty JUDGMENT jobs, who in turn had engaged contract workers. The respondent was not issued any appointment/engagement letter by the appellant. The appellant had never made any payment of daily wages to the respondent as he was not the employee of the appellant and was not directly recruited by the appellant and there was no employer-employee relationship between them. Both the parties led their respective evidence. Thereafter, 3 Page 3 arguments were heard and the proceedings culminated in the award dated 11.4.2011 passed by the learned CGIT. The CGIT came to the conclusion that there was clear evidence to the

administrative control of the appellant as a Lineman and his services were illegally terminated. Thus, answering the reference in favour of the respondent, the CGIT directed reinstatement of the respondent along with back wages. 5. A perusal of the award of the CGIT would disclose that in support of his case, the respondent had filed two diaries in which he had entered all the jobs undertaken by him on different dates in the Telephone Department. The CGIT too found that these diaries were maintained in an ordinary course of business and JUDGMENT were reliable piece of evidence, particularly before the Tribunal, which works on the basis of equity, just and good conscience. The findings that the respondent was directly under the administrative control of the Management, were recorded in the following manner: 4 Page 4

JUDGMENT 5 Page 5 6. The CGIT also discussed the demeanor of the witnesses on the basis of which it chose to accept the version of the respondent as against that of the appellant. The CGIT also

respondent, original thereof were in the possession of the appellant and the appellant failed to produce them. Therefore, adverse inference had to be drawn. This part is discussed in the following manner: “From the above discussions it is clearly established that workman was directly engaged by the management as a lineman. He has worked for substantial period (almost for 15 years) with the management. His services were illegally terminated. The management which is the Government Department is supposed to be a role model employer in the society. But, the act of management in this case is otherwise. The management has not disputed the fact that workman has worked for more than 240 days in the preceding year from the date of his termination. The management has denied his very much existence in the department without any proof. Photocopies of relevant documents were filed by the workman. Originals were summoned. The management failed to provide the originals. There is no doubt in the genuineness and correctness of the documents filed by the workman. As management has failed to provide the originals, even after direction of Tribunal, JUDGMENT 6 Page 6

7. The appellant preferred the Writ Petition against the aforesaid award in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. This Writ Petition was dismissed by the learned Single Judge vide judgment dated 27.2.2011 holding the same as bereft of any merit. Reasons given in the said order virtually echo the reasons which were recorded by the CGIT in support of its award, as is clear from the following discussion in the judgment of the learned Single Judge: JUDGMENT “After hearing counsel for the petitioner, it is not disputed that the workman had worked for almost for 15 years as a daily wage workman as lineman. The documents filed by the workman beyond doubt proved that he had been working with the petitioner Management as lineman. The entries, which have been filed by the workman, were prepared in an ordinary course of business proved that the workman was working directly under the administrative control of the management. It is established before the 7 Page 7

JUDGMENT 8. The learned Single Judge held that the appellant had not proved contract agreement with the contractor and even the contractor was not summoned as a witness and nothing was produced to show to the court that consolidated amount was paid to the contractor and the contractor used to pay the wages to the workman. 8 Page 8 9. Even the intra court appeal filed by the appellant i.e. Letters Patent Appeal (LPA) has been dismissed by the Division Bench of the High Court vide judgment dated November 2, 2011 holding

as learned Single Judge did not warrant any interference. 10. Learned counsel for the appellant, at the outset, submitted that though the respondent had alleged that he had been working since with the appellant for 15 years, he had not produced any documents in support of this assertion. He also argued that onus to prove that the respondent was employed by the appellant, was on the workman but he did not produce any documents either in the form of appointment letter/engagement letter or any other proof which could prove that he was employed by the appellant. JUDGMENT He did not even produce a single wage slip to show that wages were paid to him by the appellant. His further submission was that diaries produced by the respondent were self serving documents allegedly maintained by him and no evidentiary value could be attached thereto. 9 Page 9 11. In an attempt to find potholes in the award of the Tribunal, the learned counsel argued that the Tribunal wrongly recorded that the documents filed by the workman had not been “seriously

examination of the respondent as well as management evidence to show that there was serious challenge of the varsity of those documents, namely, diaries produced by the respondent. The learned counsel also submitted that it was totally wrongful on the part of the CGIT to draw adverse inference for not producing any original of those documents, photocopies whereof were filed by the respondent. The submission was that when the genuineness of the documents filed by the respondent itself was questioned by the appellant and appellant categorically stated that these are JUDGMENT bogus and self-made documents, there was no question of producing the original thereof and, thus, no adverse inference could be drawn. According to the learned counsel, these findings were totally perverse and this aspect was which were categorically argued before the High Court but the High Court also fell into the same error. Another submission of the learned counsel qua the High Court judgment was that a serious error 10 Page 10 occurred by presuming certain facts to be admitted facts. Drawing attention to that portion of the judgment of the learned Single Judge, which is already extracted above, it was argued that

appellant had not disputed that the respondent had worked for almost 15 years in the capacity as Lineman. He emphasized that this was precisely the dispute not only in the pleadings but in the evidence led by the appellant. The appellant had stated that the respondent had not worked with the appellant at all, much less for a period of 15 years, as claimed by him, and never worked as a Lineman. He also submitted that even when these infirmities in the order of the CGIT as well as the learned Single Judge were pointed out to the Division Bench in the LPA, the Division Bench JUDGMENT did not, at all, advert to these arguments and by short and cryptic order dismissed the LPA by simple observation that there were concurrent findings of facts reached by the courts below. His submission, therefore, was that the orders of the courts below are based on perverse findings which warranted interference by this Court. 11 Page 11 12. In the alternative, the learned counsel further submitted that it was not a case where reinstatement should have been given by the CGIT and at the most some monetary compensation in lieu of

th referred to few judgments of this Court including orders dated 4 October 2011 passed in respect of some other employees of the appellant itself. 13. Learned counsel for the respondent, on the other hand, supported the decision by relying upon the reasons given in the impugned judgment. He laid much emphasis on the diaries produced by the respondent which were kept in the normal course. He also submitted that, in addition, the respondent had produced various other documents Exhibit C-15 to C-40 to show JUDGMENT that he was in the employment of the appellant. He further argued that since the attendance record or the wage slips/register etc. are maintained by the employer and remained in its custody, it was not possible for the respondent to produce those documents and in these circumstances the Labour Court rightly drew adverse inference against the appellant in not producing the original of the documents. 12 Page 12 14. We have considered the aforesaid submissions. From the award of the CGIT, as upheld by the High Court, it is clear that the CGIT has given the award after arriving at the following findings:

the appellant and was not a contract employee. b. It is also held that the respondent had worked for almost th 15 years i.e. 17.1987 to 27 April 2002. c. He worked in the capacity as a Lineman on daily wage basis. d. On 17.11.2011, while repairing the fault of a telephone, the respondent suffered an electric shock because of which he sustained injuries and was admitted in a hospital. At that time JUDGMENT officers of the appellant had not only shown sympathy with him but got him admitted in the hospital and helped him in receiving the medical treatment. e. Services of the respondent were terminated by the th appellant w.e.f. 28 April 2002. Since the respondent had worked for more than 240 days in the preceding year from the date of his 13 Page 13 termination, and before terminating his services, no notice or one month salary in lieu thereof and retrenchment compensation was paid to the respondent, such a termination was illegal and void.

back wages given in favour of the respondent. 15. It is apparent that the aforesaid findings are findings of fact. Such findings are not to be interfered with by the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution or by this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution. Interference is permissible only in case these findings are totally perverse or based on no evidence. Insufficiency of evidence cannot be a ground to interdict these JUDGMENT findings as it is not the function of this court to reappreciate the evidence. It was because of this reason that learned counsel for the appellant made frontal attack on the findings of the courts below endeavoured to demonstrate that there was perversity in the fact finding by the CGIT which was glossed over by the High Court as well. 14 Page 14 16. We start with the discussion as to whether the respondent was the employee of the appellant or he was a contract employee. One thing is clear namely the respondent had worked

by the respondent. These diaries are perused and examined by the CGIT on the basis of which it is observed that the diaries were maintained in an ordinary course of business and were genuine. There is no reason to disbelieve these diaries and argument of the learned counsel for the appellant that these are self serving documents does not cut any eyes. It is a matter of common knowledge that the period in question was a period when frequent disruption in the functioning of the telephones was a normal feature and the Telephone Department used to receive JUDGMENT numerous such complaints. Linemen were deputed to visit the places where the telephones have gone out of order to attend those complaints. There was a practice of giving one lineman various telephone numbers which he was supposed to attend. (Though all that has changed because of advancement in technology resulting in drastic reduction in such complaints and most of the complaints can even be rectified sitting in the 15 Page 15 exchange itself with the aid of computers). The respondent had maintained the diaries where he noted down those numbers, and attended the same on day to day basis. Diaries for the last 2

prove that the respondent had been doing the work for the appellant and that too as a lineman. 17. The next question is as to whether he did this work as a contract employee or was employed by the appellant directly. Once, we come to the conclusion that the respondent had been doing the work of the appellant, it was for the appellant to prove as to who was the contractor to whom the work was awarded and that contractor had recruited the respondent. No such evidence is produced by the appellant. Moreover, the appellant has itself JUDGMENT accepted the fact that the work of a lineman was not given on contract basis. We, thus, find that there is no perversity in the finding of the CGIT, as upheld by the High Court, that the respondent had worked with the appellant on daily wage basis. It would also be pertinent to mention that the respondent produced documents proving that he met with an accident on 17.11.2001 16 Page 16 while repairing the fault of telephone No.65033. For repairing the said telephone it had to climb a pole where electricity wires with 11000 electric volts was hanging as this telephone was installed

was admitted in the hospital by JTO Dilbagh Singh, posted at SDO group Saidpur and another officer of the appellant viz. Naresh Malik got him admitted in Randhir Nursing Home at Kharkhoda on 17.11.2001. When he was shifted to Dr. Sethi Hospital, Mr. Jatinder Kumar SDO Group Sonepat visited there. He was referred to Medical Hospital, Rohtak on 19.11.2001. More pertinently he was shown as a Government employee and all these record to this effect in the form of Ex. C-5 to C-8 has also been produced. All this evidence shows that when the respondent suffered the JUDGMENT electric shock, officers of the appellant came to the spot of occurrence and ensured his medical treatment. This would not have happened if the respondent was not in the employment of the appellant. 18. There may be some dispute as to whether respondent in fact worked for 15 years. The appellant may be correct that observations of the learned Single Judge in this behalf, namely, it 17 Page 17 was an undisputed fact that, are incorrect. However, nothing turns on this as the outcome is not dependent on this aspect. Fact remains that the respondent had produced some other

He had categorically asserted that he worked from July 1987. The case of the appellant before the CGIT was not that the appellant did not work for 15 years but worked for lesser period. On the contrary, the stand of the appellant was that of complete denial, namely that respondent never worked with the appellant at all. Once, that stand is proved to be false, there is no reason to interfere with the findings of the CGIT. In any case, the award is passed on the basis that the respondent had worked for 240 days in preceding 12 months period prior to his termination and JUDGMENT therefore it is a clear case of violation of Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act. The termination is, thus, rightly held to be illegal. We do not find any perversity in this outcome. 19. The only question that survives for consideration is as to whether the relief of reinstatement with full back wages was rightly granted by the CGIT. 18 Page 18 20. The learned counsel for the appellant referred to two judgments wherein this Court granted compensation instead of 1 reinstatement. In the case of BSNL vs. Man Singh , this Court has

Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act, it is not necessary that relief of reinstatement be also given as a matter of right. In the 2 case of Incharge Officer & Anr. vs. Shankar Shetty , it was held that those cases where the workman had worked on daily wage basis, and worked merely for a period of 240 days or 2-3 years and where the termination had taken place many years ago, the recent trend was to grant compensation in lieu of reinstatement. In this judgment of Shankar Shetty (supra), this trend was reiterated by referring to various judgments, as is clear from the JUDGMENT following discussion. “Should an order of reinstatement automatically follow in a case where the engagement of a daily wager has been brought to end in violation of Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (for short “the ID Act”)? The course of the decisions of this Court in recent years has been uniform on the above question. 1 (2012) 1 SCC 558 2 (2010)9SCC 126 19 Page 19

“It is true that the earlier view of this Court articulated in many decision reflected the legal position that if the termination of an employee was found to be illegal, the relief of reinstatement with full back wages would ordinarily follow. However, in recent past, there has been a shift in the legal position and in a long line of cases, this Court has consistently taken the view that relief by way of reinstatement with back wages is not automatic and may be wholly inappropriate in a given fact situation even though the termination of an employee is in contravention of the prescribed procedure. Compensation instead of reinstatement has been held to meet the ends of justice. JUDGMENT 3 (2009)15SCC 327 4 (2006) 1 SCC 479 5 (2007) 9 SCC 353 6 (2007) 1 SCC 575 7 (2007) 9 SCC 748 8 (2008) 5 SCC 75 9 (2006) 11 SCC 684 10 (2008) 4 SCC 261 11 (2008) 1 SCC 575 20 Page 20

Jagbir Singh has been applied very recently in 12 Telegraph Deptt. V. Santosh Kumar Seal , wherein this Court stated: (SCC p.777, para 11) “In view of the aforesaid legal position and the fact that the workmen were engaged as daily wagers about 25 years back and they worked hardly for 2 or 3 years, relief of reinstatement and back wages to them cannot be said to be justified and instead monetary compensation would subserve the ends of justice.” JUDGMENT 13 21. In the case of Telecom District Manager v. Keshab Deb the Court emphasized that automatic direction for reinstatement of 12 (2010) 6 SCC 773 13 (2008) 8SCC 402 21 Page 21 the workman with full back wages is not contemplated. He was at best entitled to one months’ pay in lieu of one month’s notice and wages of 15 days of each completed year of service as envisaged

have been directed to be regularized in service or granted /given a temporary status. Such a scheme has been held to be unconstitutional by this Court in A.Umarani v. Registrar, 14 15 Coop.Societies and Secy.,State of Karnataka v. Umadevi . 22. It was further submitted by the learned counsel for the appellant that likewise, even when reinstatement was ordered, it does not automatically follow full back wages should be directed to be paid to the workman. He drew our attention of this Court in 16 the case of Coal India Ltd. Vs. Ananta Saha and Metropolitan JUDGMENT 17 Transport Corporation v. V.Venkatesan . 23. It is clear from the reading of the aforesaid judgments that the ordinary principle of grant of reinstatement with full back wages, when the termination is found to be illegal is not applied mechanically in all cases. While that may be a position where 14 (2004)7SCC 112 15 (2006)4SCC 1 16 (2011)5SCC 142 17 (2009) 9SCC 601 22 Page 22 services of a regular/permanent workman are terminated illegally and/or malafide and/or by way of victimization, unfair labour practice etc. However, when it comes to the case of termination

because of procedural defect, namely in violation of Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act, this Court is consistent in taking the view in such cases reinstatement with back wages is not automatic and instead the workman should be given monetary compensation which will meet the ends of justice. Rationale for shifting in this direction is obvious. 24. Reasons for denying the relief of reinstatement in such cases are obvious. It is trite law that when the termination is found to be illegal because of non-payment of retrenchment compensation JUDGMENT and notice pay as mandatorily required under Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act, even after reinstatement, it is always open to the management to terminate the services of that employee by paying him the retrenchment compensation. Since such a workman was working on daily wage basis and even after he is reinstated, he has no right to seek regularization (See: State of Karnataka vs. Uma Devi (2006) 4 SCC 1). Thus when he cannot 23 Page 23 claim regularization and he has no right to continue even as a daily wage worker, no useful purpose is going to be served in reinstating such a workman and he can be given monetary

again after reinstatement, he would receive monetary compensation only in the form of retrenchment compensation and notice pay. In such a situation, giving the relief of reinstatement, that too after a long gap, would not serve any purpose. 25. We would, however, like to add a caveat here. There may be cases where termination of a daily wage worker is found to be illegal on the ground it was resorted to as unfair labour practice or in violation of the principle of last come first go viz. while JUDGMENT retrenching such a worker daily wage juniors to him were retained. There may also be a situation that persons junior to him wee regularized under some policy but the concerned workman terminated. In such circumstances, the terminated worker should not be denied reinstatement unless there are some other weighty reasons for adopting the course of grant of compensation instead of reinstatement. In such cases, reinstatement should be the rule 24 Page 24 and only in exceptional cases for the reasons stated to be in writing, such a relief can be denied.

Moreover, the termination took place more than 11 years ago. No doubt, as per the respondent he had worked for 15 years. However, the fact remains that no direct evidence for working 15 years has been furnished by the respondent and most of his documents are relatable to two years i.e. 2001 and 2002. Therefore, this fact becomes relevant when it comes to giving the relief. Judicial notice can also be taken of the fact that the need of lineman in the telephone department is drastically reduced after the advancement of technology. For all these reasons, we JUDGMENT are of the view that ends of justice would be met by granting compensation in lieu of reinstatement. In Man Singh (supra) which was also a case of BSNL, this Court had granted compensation of Rs.2 Lakh to each of the workmen when they had worked for merely 240 days. Since the respondent herein worked for longer period, we are of the view that he should be paid a compensation of Rs. 3 lakhs. This compensation should be 25 Page 25 paid within 2 months failing which the respondent shall also be entitled to interest at the rate of 12% per annum from the date of this judgment. Award of the CGIT is modified to this extent. The

also be entitled to the cost of Rs.15,000/-(Rupees Fifteen Thousand only) in this appeal. ……………………..J. (K.S.Radhakrishnan) ……………………….J. (A.K.Sikri) New Delhi, December 11, 2013 JUDGMENT 26 Page 26