LATESH @ DADU BABURAO KARLEKAR vs. THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA HOME DEPARTMENT

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 30-01-2018

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Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1301 OF 2015 Latesh @ Dadu Baburao Karlekar Appellant (s) Versus The State of Maharashtra  Respondent (s) WITH CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 165 OF 2016 Anil Ankush Gadekar                                         …Appellant (s) Versus The State of Maharashtra  Respondent (s) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 141 OF 2016 Vishnu Maruti Bule                                           …Appellant (s) Signature Not Verified Versus Digitally signed by VISHAL ANAND Date: 2018.05.16 16:54:31 IST Reason: Respondent (s) The State of Maharashtra  2 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 91 OF 2016 Vijay @ Vijay Istriwala Ramdulari Nirmal        …Appellant (s) Versus The State of Maharashtra      … Respondent (s) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 94 OF 2016 Sunil Kashinath Chandanshiva                         …Appellant (s) Versus Respondent (s) The State of Maharashtra  JUDGMENT N.V. RAMANA, J. 1. These five appeals, by way of special leave petitions, are by five accused persons against the conviction imposed by the High Court, wherein leave to appeal to this court has been granted to these accused. Facts being related, and the issue involved being connected, we would like to deal with these cases by a common judgment. At the outset, it is to be noted that the High Court has partly 2. allowed the appeal preferred by the accused/appellants and set aside their sentence for the offences punishable under 3 Sections 143, 144, 147 and 148 of IPC, Section 4 read with Section 25 of the Arms Act and Section 37(1)(a) read with 135 of the Bombay Police Act. The conviction of Appellant Nos. 1 to 3 for the offence punishable under Section 302 read with 149 of the IPC was modified to Section 302 read with 34 of IPC,   while   maintaining   the   sentence   imposed   by   the   trial court. 3. A few facts which are necessary for disposal of these cases th are that on the 10  of December, 2006 between 10:20 pm to 10:30   pm,   one   Vitthal   Hingane   ( PW­2 )   and   his   brother Jagdish Hingane (deceased) were returning from the office of one Uttam Gite, a worker of a political party, at Mulund. When   they   reached   the   Saint   Pius   Lane,   six   persons   i.e. Accused No. 1 (Sunil Chandanshiva), Accused No. 2 (Vijay Nirmal),   Accused   No.   3   (Latesh   Karlekar),   Accused   No.   4 (Sandeep Bhosale), Accused No. 5 (Vishnu Bule) and Accused No. 6 (Anil Gadekar) confronted them from the opposite side. The   accused,   who   were   armed   with   various   weapons   like chopper, sword, sickle and stick, on account of some old enmity, assaulted Jagdish Hingane (deceased) and injured Vitthal Hingane (PW­2). Hearing the shouts of the injured 4 and the deceased, PW­11 (Police Naik, Dyaneshwar Ladse) and Police Naik Ghyansham Pawar (not examined), who were on   patrol   duty,   rushed   to   their   help.   It   is   alleged   that Accused No. 1 was caught red­handed with blood stained chopper   in   his   hand   but   the   other   accused   persons succeeded in fleeing from the spot. An independent witness, PW­16 (Kishore Potdar), who was passing through the same road, upon hearing the shouts, also came to the help of PW­ 11. The injured (PW 2) was taken in an auto­rickshaw to Mulund General Hospital while PW­11 took the accused No. 1, who was caught red­handed, in a Maruti car, followed the said auto­rickshaw to the aforesaid hospital. On the way, they met PW­15 (Jagdish Shridhar Shetty), who identified the injured and accompanied them to Mulund General Hospital. 4. On arrival at the hospital, PW­11 handed over the custody of accused   No.   1,   along   with   his   blood­stained   chopper,   to Ghanshyam Pawar for taking him to Mulund Police Station. One important aspect is that all the while PW­11 stayed in the  hospital along with the  injured. It is alleged  that the deceased said to have revealed to PW 11, the names of four assailants, Sunil Kashinath Chandanshiva (Accused No. 1), 5 Anil Gadekar (Accused No. 6), Vishnu Bule (Accused No. 5) and Sandeep Bhosale (Accused No. 4) and PW11 recorded the same in his case diary. In the meanwhile, two police personnel (PW­24 and PW­25) of 5. Mulund Police Station, on receipt of the information of the incident from PW­11 and Ghanshyam Pawar, rushed to the Mulund   General  Hospital   where,   they   came   to   know   that Jagdish Hingane had  succumbed to the injuries at about 11:23 PM, and the other injured, PW­2 (Vitthal Hingane) was being taken to Sion Hospital for further treatment. With the permission of PW­23 (Dr. Anirrudh Gokhale), PW­24 recorded the statement of the injured PW­2 at about 12:15 AM, and on the basis of said statement PW 24 (PSI Joshi) registered the offence bearing C.R. No. 595 of 2006 against all the accused. 6. Meanwhile   PW­24   seized   the   blood­stained   clothes   of   the injured PW­2 (Vitthal Hingane) under panchanama (Ex. 27). Thereafter, PW­24 went to the spot along with PW­25 (PSI Mane) and PW­11 and prepared spot panchanama (Ex. 29) in the presence of the panch witness (PW­4). From the spot, the blood­stained mud was seized and photographs of the scene of the offence were taken. Then PW­24 returned to the Police 6 Station, made station diary entry and deposited muddemal in Malkhana. On the other hand, on the same night, at about 1 A.M., PW­22 (PSI Shrikant Ramdas) seized the chopper and blood­stained clothes of Accused No. 1 under panchanama (Ex.­46) in the presence of the panch witness PW­10 (Raju Jadhav). Accused No. 2 and 3 were also arrested on the same night of the incident. Their clothes were seized by PW­24 under panchanama (Ex. 34) in the presence of the panch witness PW­7 (Pradeep Shirodkar). At about 6:15 A.M., dead body of the deceased was brought to Rajawadi Hospital Post Mortem Centre and on examination, the deceased was found to have sustained 27 injuries. 7. That   being   so,   on   13.12.2006   blood   stained   clothes   were seized from Accused No. 4 in the presence of panch witness PW­6 (Gopal Naidu). On 14.12.2006, Accused Nos. 5 and 6 were arrested and their blood stained clothes were seized in the presence of PW­6. Scythe and sword were recovered from Accused No. 5 and 6 respectively (Ext. 40), in the presence of panch   witness   PW­8.   On   19.12.2006   PW­25   recorded supplementary statement of PW­2. 7 8. After completion of investigation, charge­sheet came to be filed in the court against all the accused for various offences in the following manner­ All accused persons in the alleged crime are still in Magistrate custody since 20.12.2006. In order to submit charge­sheet against them in the court as   enough   evidence   is   available,   in   this   crime after investigation section 120(b) of Indian Penal Code and Section 35 of Indian Arms Act have been   removed   and   charge   sheet   is   prepared under Section 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, 302, 307 of Indian Penal Code with Sections 4, 25 and 27 of Indian Arms Act and Sections 37(1)(a) and 135 of Bombay Police Act.  The Sessions Court framed charges against the accused in 9. the following manner­   That   on   10/12/06   at   about   22:20   to Firstly  :­ 22:30 hours at ‘middle gully’ from Goshala Road, Sent   Payas   Road,   Madanmohan   Malviya   Cross Road,   Mulund   (West),   Mumbai­400   080,   you accused were members of unlawful assembly with the common object of which was of commit murder of   complainant   Vithal   Narayan   Hingane   and   his brother Jagdish Hingane and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 143 of IPC and within my cognizance. Secondly :­  That on the same date, time and place, you accused being armed with deadly weapons with chopper, sickle, sword and knife were members of unlawful   assembly   and   thereby   committed   an offence punishable under Section 144 of IPC and within my cognizance. 8   That on the same date, time and place, Thirdly  :­ you accused were members of unlawful assembly and in prosecution of the common object of the said assembly namely to commit murder of complainant Vithal   Narayan   Hingane   and   his   brother   Jagdish Hingane  by means  of  chopper, sickle, sword and knife   which   offence   you   knew   to   be   likely   to   be committed in prosecution of the common object of the said assembly and you being a member of such assembly   at   the   time   of   the   committing   of   that offence and thereby guilty of an offence punishable under Section 149 of IPC and within my cognizance.  That on the same date, time and place Fourthly :­ you accused were members of unlawful assembly and were at the time armed with deadly weapons or which used as a weapon of offence and was likely to cause death of complainant’s brother and thereby committed an offence punishable U/s 148 of IPC and within my cognizance. Fifthly  :­   That on the same date, time and place you accused were members of unlawful assembly, you are being prosecuted for your common object namely   to   commit   murder   of   complainant   Vithal Narayan Hingane and his brother Jagdish Higgane and with sword and knife which offence you knew to be   likely   to   be   committed   in   prosecution   of   the common object of the said assembly and being a member   of   such   assembly   at   the   time   of   the committing of that offence and thereby guilty of an offence punishable U/s.149 of IPC and within my cognizance. 9 Sixthly  :­   That on the same date, time and place you accused were members of unlawful assembly you   committed   murder   by   intentionally   or knowingly   causing   the   death   of   complainant’s brother   Jagdish   Hingane   by   means   of   chopper, sickle, sword and knife and thereby committed an offence punishable U/s 302, r/w 149 of IPC and within my cognizance. Seventhly :­  That on the same date, time and place you accused were members of unlawful assembly you   accused   did   an   act   namely   assaulted complainant   Vithal   Naryan   Hingane   by   means   of chopper, sickle, sword and knife on his stomach, forehead   and   other   part   of   the   body   with   such intention   or   knowledge   and   under   such circumstances that if by that act, you had caused the   death   of   complainant   you   would   have   been guilty of murder and that you thereby committed an offence punishable U/s 307, r/w 149 of IPC and within my cognizance. Eighthly :­  On the same date, time and place you accused were found in possession of deadly weapon without   licence/authority,   i.e.   chopper,   sickle, sword   and   knife,   in   contravention   of   prohibitory order and that you thereby committed an offence punishable U/s 4,25,27 of Indian Arms Act, and within my cognizance. Ninthly  :­   On the same date time and place you accused were found in possession of deadly weapon without   licence/authority,   i.e.   chopper,   sickle, sword   and   knife,   in   contravention   of   prohibitory order and that you thereby committed an offence under the provision of Section 37 (1) r/w section 10 135   of   Bombay   Police   Act   and   within   my cognizance. All the accused pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. 10. During the trial, prosecution examined in all 25 witnesses. It would   be   pertinent   to   note   that   the   prosecution   has   not marked   the   case   diary   in   which   the   alleged   revelation   of names of accused was recorded by PW 11.  The trial court, upon finding the accused guilty of committing 11. the crime, convicted them for the offences punishable in the following manner :
ACCUSEDCHARGES AND CONVICTION
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>143 of<br>IPCR.I for 6 months and fine of Rs.<br>200/­, in default to suffer R.I for 1<br>month.
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>144 of<br>IPCR.I. for 1 year and fine of Rs.<br>300/­, in default to suffer R.I. for<br>1 month.
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>147 of<br>IPCR.I. for 1 year and fine of Rs.<br>300/­, in default to suffer R.I. for<br>1 month.
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>148 of<br>IPCR.I. for 2 years and fine of Rs.<br>500/­, in default to suffer R.I. for<br>2 months.
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>37(1)(a)<br>r/w. 135R.I. for 6 months and fine of<br>200/­, in default to suffer R.I. for<br>1 month.
11
of<br>Bombay<br>Police<br>Act
A­1, A­2, A­3, A­<br>4, A­5, A­6Section<br>4 r/w 25<br>Arms ActR.I. for 1 year and fine of Rs.<br>200/­, in default to suffer R.I. for<br>1 month.
A­1, A­2, A­3Section<br>302 r/w<br>149 of<br>IPCSuffer life imprisonment and fine<br>of Rs. 1,000/­ each, in default to<br>suffer R.I. for 6 months.
A­4, A­5, A­6Section<br>307 r/w.<br>149 of<br>IPCR.I. 10 years and fine of Rs.<br>1,000/­, in default to suffer R.I.<br>for 6 months.
The trial court, for holding the accused guilty, has reasoned as under­ a. That the test identification parade was not necessary as the accused were known to PW­2 and the deceased. b. That the recovery of the weapons and the clothes are not made under suspicious circumstances. c. That the non­production of the alleged dying declaration recorded by the PW­11 is not fatal. d. Laid   emphasis   on   the   evidence   of   PW­2   and   PW­11 being trustworthy and natural. It has termed certain contradictions as minor discrepancies which do not go to the root of the matter and held that the oral evidence of above mentioned persons is corroborated by other evidence.  12 12. Aggrieved by the judgment of the trial court, the accused approached the High Court. The High Court, on considering the material placed before it, has partly allowed the appeal of the accused and set aside the conviction of all the accused for offences punishable under sections 143, 144, 147 and 148 of IPC. Further, the High Court converted the conviction of Accused Nos. 1, 2 and 3 to the offence punishable under section 302 of IPC read with section 34, and conviction of Accused Nos. 4 to 6 for the offence punishable under section 307 read with Section 34 of IPC.  13. The High Court while convicting the accused has emphasized the following grounds: ­ a. That   non­attribution   of   specific   role   and   weapons   to individual accused is not detrimental as the statement was made in a condition wherein PW­2 had sustained grave injuries and was traumatized. b. That there is corroboration of the evidence of PW­2 and PW­11 by the PW­15 to the extent that the injured and the deceased were returning from the Office of Uttam Gite. c. Even   though   the   contents   of   C.A.   Reports   were   not taken   into   consideration,   it   is   not   prejudicial   to   the prosecution’s   case   as   there   is   strong   and   clinching evidence of the injured eye witness PW­2, which is fully supported and corroborated by the evidence of another independent   eye   witness   PW­11   and   the   medical evidence on record. 13 d. The discrepancy concerning the recovery of knife from Accused No.1, between the statement of PW­10 (Raju Jadhav)   and   Panchnama  (Ex.   46),   is   immaterial   and minor. e. That the trial court had erred in adopting the approach of distinguishing the overt acts attributed to the various accused on the basis of evidence given by PW­2 and held them guilty for different offences. Aggrieved by the judgment and order of conviction by the 14. High Court, all the accused have filed special leave petitions before this Court. However, the SLP preferred by Sandeep Bhosale i.e. Accused No. 4 (being SLP (Crl.) No. 6713 of 2015) came to be dismissed by another Bench of this Court by its th order dated 7  September, 2015. Now, we are concerned with the appeals filed by other accused—appellants. 15. Mr. K. Parameshwar, learned counsel appearing on behalf of accused Nos. 1 and 2 made the following submissions­ i. That the motive of alleged previous criminal litigation acts as a double­edged sword which cannot be taken into   consideration.   More   so,   when   both   the   parties recognize themselves with opposite political parties in that   locality.   Therefore,   motive,   is   in   any   case   not required and should not be taken into consideration. ii. That the FIR was filed with substantial delay and was based on supplementary statements of PW2 rather than 14 the   previous   statement   made   by   the   deceased. Moreover,   subsequent   changes   made   to   the   FIR   in adding Section 302, IPC in the FIR, at a later point of time is fatal for the prosecution. iii. That the dying declaration which is revealed to PW11 is not   made   part   of   the   prosecution   evidence.   This omission by the prosecution needs to be explained by the   prosecution   as   such   conduct   gives   rise   to reasonable suspicion. iv. Even   assuming   that   the   alleged   dying   declaration   is true, and then too names of Accused Nos. 2 and 3 are not revealed by the declaration made by the deceased. The   fact   clearly   shows   that   subsequent   inclusion   of Accused   Nos.   2   and   3   are   material   changes   which discredits whole of prosecution’s case. v. Weapons were recovered from Accused Nos. 1, 5 and 6; while Accused Nos. 2 and 3 were convicted for offence of culpable homicide amounting to murder, Accused Nos.5 and   6  were  convicted  only   for  offence   under   Section 307, IPC for attempting to commit murder. vi. That the Accused Nos. 2 and 3 were already arrested and taken into custody even before the FIR could be registered.   This   fact   raises   serious   doubts   as   to   the veracity of the incident and the court should take note of this circumstance while considering the guilt of the aforesaid   accused   as   there   is   a   possibility   of   false indictment. 15 vii. The alleged complaint given by PW2 is discredited by the very fact that the doctor who treated PW2 was not able to recollect whether PW2 had revealed names of the accused in his complaint. viii. PW2 himself contradicts his statements that, he never revealed the names of the accused in the complaint, rather   the   names   were   first   revealed   on   19.12.2006. This   contradiction  clearly   gives   the   final   blow   to  the prosecution’s case. ix. PW 15 and PW 16 have been declared hostile, which needs to be taken into account. x. Ghanshyam Pawar who is said to be present at the time of   incident   as   well   as   in   the   hospital   is   not   part   of prosecution’s case. xi. The   seizure   of   weapons   is   done   in   suspicious circumstances. xii. Chemical   analysis   test   of   the   blood­stained   weapons has not been put to the accused. Therefore, the same cannot be taken into consideration by the court. 16. We have also heard Mr. Pardeep Gupta, learned counsel on behalf of the Accused No. 3 and Mr. Anand Landge, learned counsel appearing for accused Nos. 5 & 6. They contended that—  16 i. FIR is said to have been registered based on the dying declaration   by   the   deceased   and   not   on   the supplementary statement given by the brother of the deceased. ii. No fingerprints were collected from the seized weapons. iii. Accused no. 5 and 6 have not been identified in the test identification parade. (TIP) iv. PW2  evidence does  not recognize  the  specific role or specific assault given by the accused persons. 17. Mr.   Nishant   Ramakantrao   Katneshwarkar,   the   learned counsel for the State, while supporting the judgment of the High Court, states that there are only minor contradictions which do not go to the root of the matter, which might have crept   because   of   the   incident   happening   late   at   night. Further,  he  states  that there  was  no requirement of  Test Identification   Parade,   as   the   identity   of   the   accused   was known to the deceased as well as to PW2. Furthermore PW2’s evidence,   if   read   as   a   whole,   reveals   that   there   is   no contradiction   rather,   he   states   that   he   had   revealed   the names at the time of registration of complaint, thereafter he 17 did not reveal or there was no occasion for him to reveal about the incident to anybody until 19.12.2006, when his statement   under   Section   161   CrPC   was   recorded   by   the police. 18. Having heard learned counsel for either side and given our thoughtful consideration to the facts and circumstances of the case on hand, we are of the view that before furthering our analysis into the matter, it would be apt to observe the statements of PWs 2 and 11, on whose evidence the Courts below have excessively placed reliance. 19. PW­2 states that the incident took place on 10/12/06, at about 10:20 to 10:30 PM, near the Saint Pius Lane, when he and his brother were returning from the office of Uttam Gite. He   states   that   they   were   attacked   at   that   time   by   Sunil Chandanshiva (Accused No. 1) with a chopper, Anil Gadekar (Accused No. 6) with a sword, Vishnu Bule (Accused No. 5) with a sickle, due to their old enmity with them. The other accused present at the spot were Sandeep Bhosale (Accused No. 4), Latesh Karlekar (Accused No. 3) and Vijay Ramdulare Nirmal @ Istriwala (Accused No. 2). Further he deposed that accused Vishnu Bule, Anil Gadekar and Sandeep Bhosale 18 gave   blows   to   him   on   his   right   wrist,   near   eyes   and   in abdomen region, while the accused Latesh, Vijay and Sunil assaulted his brother on head and hands. On hearing his cries ‘help, help’ (Bachao Bachao) two police officers rushed towards them and caught hold of Sunil (A­1) while he was trying to flee away. With their help, PW­2 and his brother were shifted to Mulund General Hospital. Subsequently two persons   namely   Kishore   Potdhar   and   Jagdish   Shetty accompanied the police officers. Thereafter PW­2 was referred to Sion Hospital for further treatment where he narrated the incident to the Police officer Joshi (PW 24) in presence of the medical   officer   on   duty.   He   admits   that   the   Ex.   23 (complaint) and its contents are true. PW­2   in   the   cross­examination   conducted   on   behalf   of Accused Nos. 2 and 3 states that­ “I   narrated   to   the   police   that   all   the   accused persons had come to beat me and my brother in Sant Pious Lane at Mulund. However, I cannot assign any reason as to why the police did not record the said fact in my complaint. At the time of recording of my complaint at Ex. 23, I narrated to the police that the Accused No. 1 was armed with chopper, Accused No. 6 Anil Gadekar was armed with sword and Accused No. 5 was armed with sickle. However, I cannot assign any reason as to why the above said fact is not specifically disclosed by the police in my complaint at Ex. 23. 19 I   did   not   narrate   to   the   police   at   the   time   of recording of my statement that accused Vishnu, Anil and Sandip assaulted on my right knee, near my eyes and abdomen. I did not narrate to the police while recording my complaint that accused Sunil, Latesh and Vijay assaulted my brother on his leg and hands. At the time of lodging of my report at Ex. 23, I did not narrate to the police that   during   the   incident,   I   shouted   as   ‘Bacho, Bacho’. At the time of the lodging of the report in Ex. 23, I did not narrate to the police that at the time of the incident two police officers rushed to the   spot   of   incident   and   they   caught   accused Sunil armed with the weapon at the spot of the incident. Witness volunteers that he narrated this fact   to   the   police   at   the   time   of   recording   the supplementary statement”. PW­2   in   the   cross­examination   conducted   on   behalf   of Accused No. 5 states that­ “I was fully conscious at the time of lodging of report   at   Ex.   23,   I   was   fully   aware   about   the injuries caused to me, by which person and by which weapon. When I was admitted in the Sion Hospital, the police officers were deputed to guard me. It is true that I did not disclose the name of assailants, the weapons used to cause injuries to me and my brother by the assailants to any police officer or other person till 19/12/2006 after filing my complaint”. PW­2   in   the   cross­examination   conducted   on   behalf   of Accused No. 4 states that­ “It is not true to say that contents at Ex. 23 were narrated by me to the police and the said contents were not read over to me by the police”.  20 20. PW­11 has stated in his deposition that he was attached to Mulund Police Station since June, 2004. He was deputed as a beat marshal along with Ghanshyam Pawar on 10.12.2006 from 7:15 p.m.At about 10:20 p.m., while they were passing through  J.N. Road to Madan Mohan Malvia Road, they heard a   noise   ‘bacho   bacho’.   On   hearing   the   distress   call,   they rushed to the spot and saw that two persons were assaulted by   six   assailants   with   choppers,   sword,   Kyota   and   knife. When he got down from motor­cycle, the assailants ran away but,   he   alleges   that   he   caught   Sunil   Chandanshiva   (A­1) having   blood   stained   chopper.   Though   Ghanshyam   Pawar chased the other assailants but they ran away. Thereafter, one more person by name ‘Kishore Potdar’ also came to help. While going to the Hospital, they were joined by Jagannathan Shetty on the way and PW­11 asked him to accompany them to the hospital. At about 10:40 p.m., they reached Mulund Hospital and at about 10:50 pm, he informed the incident to duty officer PI Joshi and handed over the custody of accused Sunil   Chandanshiva   and   blood­stained   chopper   to Ghanshyam Pawar to take them to the police station while he stayed back at the hospital. He further states that he had 21 noted   down   the   names   of   assailants   Sunil   Kashinath Chandanshiva,   Anil   Gadekar,   Vishnu   Bule   and   Sandeep Bhosale in his case diary as revealed by the deceased. He further deposed that the victim Jagdish Hingane died at 11: 23 pm. Thereafter PW­11 and Ghanshyam Pawar took the Accused No. 1 to Mulund Police Station. PW­11   in   the   cross­examination   conducted   on   behalf   of Accused No. 4 states that­ “It   is   not   true   that,   I   am   deposing   false   that injured   had   disclosed   to   me   the   names   of   the assailants and I had noted down the same in my pocket   diary.   P.I.   Shri   Mane   did   not   seize   my pocket diary while recording my statement”.  21. As regards to the evidences of other witnesses who supported the prosecution case, P.Ws.3 to 8 are the panch witnesses for seizure of clothes, blood, earth samples and weapons and they   have   admitted   their   signatures   on   the   respective panchanamas. 22. Dr. Tapan Bhattachraji (PW­17), the doctor who examined Accused No. 5 (Vishnu Maruti Bule), stated that the accused has got pain on the right palm. Accordingly, he has prepared injury   certificate   which   has   been   admitted   by  him   in  the 22 court. He has also stated that injury on the person of Vishnu is simple in nature. However, the witness has not identified Vishnu in the Court. 23. Dr.   Sunil   Mohanrao   Jawale   (PW­18),   the   doctor   who performed post­mortem on the body of the deceased, stated that 27 injuries were received by the deceased. He has also stated in his cross­examination that injuries no.1 to 5 were inflicted on his head. He has further stated that one of the reasons for the cause of death was huge loss of blood due to multiple injuries as all the injuries except injury no.6 & 7 were bleeding injuries. Such injuries were sufficient to cause death   and   if   person   receiving   those   injuries   is   not   given immediate treatment within 5­10 minutes, he may die. 24. Amarnath Munoli (PW­19) has stated that he has examined the injured Vitthal Hingane (PW 2) and informed the police officers that he was in fit state of mind to give statement and also   made   an   endorsement.   He   has   identified   such endorsement and has admitted his signatures. He has stated in his cross examination that he was not near the patient when such statement was made by the injured. 23 25. Dr. Suraj Kumar Agarwal (PW­20) has stated that he has performed operation on injured Vitthal Hingane (PW 2). The statement (Ext. 23) was made in his presence and it was also endorsed by him. The said witness has denied that Exhibit 23 and 69 do not bear his signatures (He did not endorse such statement it has been endorsed by the witness as above mentioned). 26. Dilip Bapurao Thorat (PW­21) has arrested accused Sandeep Bhosale (A­4) and has prepared his arrest panchnama and also identified the accused in the court. He has also caught accused Vishnu Bule (A­5) and Anil Gadhekar (A­6) on 13­ 12­2006, seized their clothes and prepared the panchnama.  27. At the relevant time, Shrikant kishanji Ramdas (PW­22) was PSI on duty at Mulund police station where accused Sunil (A­ 1) was brought in custody, Panchnama was conducted and clothes   were   seized.   He   states   that   he   has   arrested   the accused Sunil and made its entry in the station diary. He has also admitted that P.C. Ladse (PW 11) produced the accused and chopper before him. 24 28. Dr. Anirudh Gokhale (PW­23) was the medical officer on duty at Sion Hospital. The said witness has stated that he has given endorsement that Vitthal was in fit state of mind to make the statement. 29. Madhusudan Malhar Joshi (PW­24) has stated that he along with   PC   Ladse,   after   getting   to   know   about   the   incident proceded   towards   the   Mulund   General   hospital.   He   has stated   that   two   injured   persons   were   present   there. Thereafter, he states that injured Vitthal was taken to Sion Hospital   for   the   treatment.   Further,   he   stated   that   the statement   of   Vitthal   was   recorded   after   obtaining   the permission of the doctor and endorsement with respect to his fitness to make the statement. He also specifically mentions that,   report   with   respect   to   the   incident   was   sent   to   the Magistrate within 24 hours. Ananta Mana (PW­25), is a police inspector, Special Branch. 30. He has stated that he was informed about the incident by PI Joshi and at Sion Hospital he saw one of the accused named Sunil and name of other assailants were informed to him by 25 PW­11. He has further stated that in his presence, one of the accused   Anil   made   voluntary   statement   and   led   to   the recovery of the weapon used in the office. He stated that since,  victim  knew  Vijay;   he  did  not  feel the   necessity  of conducting Identification Parade. He specifically states that Accused No.2 and 3 were not implicated in a false case. 31. In the backdrop of the factual matrix, we would like to deal with several contentions raised on behalf of the accused.   It is specifically put forth on behalf of the accused that P.W.2 in the initial statement has not specifically disclosed the names of the Accused Nor attributed individual roles of the accused, when the case of P.W.2 is that the accused are very much known to each other.  Further, P.W.2 revealed the names of the   accused   a   few   days   after   the   incident   by   way   of   a supplementary statement with an intention to implicate the accused   because   of   previous   enmity.     To   appreciate   this particular contention, it would be appropriate to reproduce the part of the FIR (translated herein). “The fact is that at the mentioned date, time and place all the six accused persons mentioned here have made illegal mob, held dangerous weapons 26 like knife, chopper, sword, scythe etc., made life threatening   attack   on   the   deceased   person named   Jagdish   Narayan   Hingne   aged   26   and killed   him.   Similarly,   they   attacked   on   his brother   Vitthal   Narayan   Hingane   and   injured him seriously. Hence the crime is filed against them.” 32. There is no dispute with regard to the fact that the entire case of the prosecution depends upon the evidence of P.W.2 and   P.W.11   who   are   the   eye­witnesses   to   the   incident. Admittedly, basing on the statement of P.W.2, the FIR was registered, and initially he has not revealed the names of the accused. Subsequently in a supplementary statement, he has narrated the details of the incident.  33. The value to be attached to the FIR depends upon facts and circumstances of each case. When a person gives a statement to the police officer, basing on which the FIR is registered. The capacity of reproducing the things differs from person to person. Some people may have the ability to reproduce the things as it is, some may lack the ability to do so.   Some times in the state of shock, they may miss the important details, because people tend to react differently when they come across a violent act.  Merely because the names of the 27 accused are not stated and their names are not specified in the FIR that may not be a ground to doubt the contents of the FIR and the case of the prosecution cannot be thrown out on this count.  Coming to the facts of the case, it is nobody’s case that P.W.2 was not injured and was not hospitalized for sometime due to the injuries caused to him by the assailants and also lost his brother.  It is most probable that he might have given a general statement for the purpose of registering the complaint which was recorded by police few hours after the incident has taken place.  Later, when once he was out of shock, the supplementary statement was recorded, then he has disclosed the names of the accused and has attributed specific overt acts to each of the accused.   It is settled law that FIR need not be an encyclopedia of the incident laying out miniscule details and instances of how the crime was committed.  Hence, in view of the above discussion we do not find force in the contention put forth on behalf of the accused which is rightly rejected by both the Courts. 34. It   is   argued   by   the   learned   Advocates   on   behalf   of   the accused that no Test Identification Parade was conducted 28 and for the first time P.W.2 recognized the accused in the Court which is fatal to the case of the prosecution.  As per the evidence of P.W.2, the accused were known to him and the other eye­witness i.e. P.W.11, has never stated that he has seen the face of the assailants.  The necessity of holding Test Identification Parade arises only when the accused are not previously known to each other. The Test Identification Parade is not a substantial piece of evidence, but is useful for corroboration   with   the   other   evidence.     It   is   a   rule   of prudence.   The Test Identification Parade, even if it is held may not be considered in all cases as trustworthy evidence on which the conviction of the accused can be sustained.  In the case on hand, the absence of Test Identification Parade will not vitiate the case of the prosecution as the accused and P.W.2 were known to each other. 35. We would like to deal with the case of accused Nos. 2 and 3 first and then the case of the accused Nos. 1, 5 and 6.  The issue that crop up for consideration is whether the Court below   was   right   in   convicting   the   accused,   whether   the prosecution   proved   the   guilt   of   the   accused   beyond 29 reasonable doubt?   We are conscious of the fact that the golden   thread   which   passes   through   out   criminal jurisprudence is the standard of “beyond reasonable doubt”, particularly, in this case, where certain evidences were not brought on record before the Court. 36. The case of the prosecution is that the deceased gave the statement to P.W.11 giving the names of assailants as Sunil Kashinath   Chandanshiva   (A1),   Anil   Gadekar   (A6),   Vishnu Bule   (A5)   and   Sandeep   Bhosale   (A4).   This   particular statement was not made part of the prosecution evidence. Even in his statement to P.W.11, the names of the accused 2 and 3 did not find place. An objection has been taken by the State   that   the   Court   should   not   take   such   evidence   into consideration   as   such   statement   does   not   have   any significance in law. We cannot ignore the fact that there is clear cut suppression of this document as the State is unable to explain the reason as to why such important document could not be produced before the Court. Although the case diary   has   not   been   produced   before   the   Court   but   the possibility of existence of such document is supported by 30 P.W.11’s   evidence   which  creates   a   suspicion  in  our   mind concerning the implication of Accused Nos. 2 and 3. 37. In the light of the evidence of P.W.11, the statement of the deceased,   the   fact   that   weapons   were   not   recovered   from accused Nos. 2 and 3, no blood stains were found on the clothes of the accused, coupled with the arrest and presence of accused Nos.2 and 3 in the police station immediately after the   incident   gives   rise   to   suspicion   concerning   the involvement   of   these   accused.     It   is   also   the   case   of   the accused   No.3   that   P.W.2   was   earlier   convicted   in   a   case basing on their evidence. 38. Both the trial Court as well as the High Court have found accused Nos. 2 and 3 guilty.   It is necessary to extract the finding of the High Court: “In   our   considered   opinion,   this   submission cannot be accepted in the face of overwhelming evidence   on   record   that   the   testimony   of   P.W.2 Vitthal, who has categorically deposed about all these accused assaulting him and his brother with the weapons in their hands.  The names also find mention in the complaint lodged immediately.  The evidence on record also proves that all the accused have come together at the spot and started assault on both   P.W.2 Vitthal and his brother Jagadish 31 simultaneously.  Therefore, merely because in the traumatic   and   serious   condition   in   which   the deceased Jagadish was, when he made that oral dying declaration to P.W.11.   Merely because he has   not   stated   about   the   specific   overt   act committed by these two accused, their case cannot be   differentiated   so   as   to   give   them   benefit   of doubt.     Their   presence   at   the   spot   and   their complicity in the assault is required to be held as proved.” It is also relevant to extract the finding of the trial Court on 39. this aspect: “The facts and evidence brought on record reveal that all the accused persons with their common object to commit murder of Jagadish Hingne and Vitthal Hingne formed an unlawful assembly and at the relevant date and time, attacked on them with deadly weapons causing them severe bodily injuries which resulted in the death of Jagadish Narayan Hingne.   As per the evidence of Vitthal Hingne,   accused   Sunil   Chandanshiva,   Latesh Kalekar and Vijay Nirmal @ Istgriwala assaulted Jagadish   Hingne   and   therefore,   they   are   the author   of   his   death.     Similarly   accused   Sandip Bhosale, Vishal Bule and Anil Gadekar assaulted Vitthal  Hingne causing stab  wounds  and  severe bodily injuries on vital part of his body and thus I have  no hesitation to  hold  that the  prosecution has proved the case”. 40. The   deceased   gave   statement   to   the   police,   and   for   the reasons best known to them, the said statement is not part of 32 the prosecution evidence. In the said statement, the deceased has not stated the names of accused Nos. 2 and 3, secondly P.W.2 in the supplementary statement stated their names, but he has not specifically attributed any weapon used by them.     P.W.11   has   also   not   attributed   any   overt   acts   to accused Nos. 2 and 3.   During investigation, the clothes of P.Ws. 2 and 3 were sent for expert opinion and it discloses that there were no blood stains on the clothes.  No weapons were recovered.  Except the oral evidence of P.W.2, there is no other evidence on record to connect accused Nos. 2 and 3 to   the   crime.   P.W.2’s   oral   testimony   without   independent corroboration cannot be basis for the conviction. Both the Courts went wrong in finding these accused guilty without there being any evidence which points out at the guilt of these accused beyond reasonable doubt.   The prosecution has to prove the guilt of the accused beyond all reasonable doubt.  Accused has a profound right not to be convicted for an   offence   which   is   not   established   by   the   evidential standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.   The law does not   permit   the   court   to   convict   the   accused   based   on suspicion or on the basis of preponderance of probability.  33 41. In our opinion, an ingenious mind can question anything and, on the other hand, there is nothing which it cannot convince.   When   you   consider   the   facts,   you   have   a reasonable   doubt   as   to   whether   the   matter   is   proved   or whether   it   is   not   a   reasonable   doubt   in   this   sense.   The reasonableness of a doubt must be a practical one and not on an abstract theoretical hypothesis. Reasonableness is a virtue that forms as a mean between excessive caution and excessive indifference to a doubt. In the light of the above discussion, we are of the opinion 42. that the prosecution failed to prove the case against accused Nos. 2 and 3 beyond reasonable doubt. 43. Coming to the role attributed to the other accused, P.W.2 stated that accused Vishnu Bule (A­5), Anil Gadekar (A­6) and Sandeep Bhosale (A­4) assaulted on his right wrist, near his eye and abdomen region, while accused Sunil Kashinath Chandanshiva (A­1), Latesh (A­3) and Vijay @ Istriwala (A­2) assaulted his brother on his head and hands. It is settled law that   oral   evidence   takes   precedence   over   the   medical evidence unless the latter completely refutes any possibility 34 of such occurrence [ Rakesh & Anr. v. State of M.P. , (2011) 9 SCC 698;   Kathi Bharat Vajsur and Anr. V. State of Guj. , (2012) 5 SCC 724;  State of U.P. v. Hari Chand , (2009) 13 SCC 542].   In order to establish the consistency of the evidence and to further buttress the conclusion, we may have to observe the injuries noted during the medical examination on the body of the deceased.  Injury No.1 (sutured wound), No.2   (incised   wound),   No.3   (incised   wound),   No.4   (incised wound) and No.5 (incised wound) are present on the head. While   injury   No.7   (contusion),   No.8   (incised   wound),   No.9 (incised   wound),   No.10   (incised   wound),   No.11   (incised wound), No.12 (incised wound), No.13 (incised wound), No.18 (incised   wound),   No.19   (incised   wound),   No.21   (incised wound), No.22 (incised wound), No.23 (incised wound), and No.24   (chop   wound)   were   found   to   be   inflicted   on   the deceased. We find that the injuries attributed by P.W.2 to the accused are attributable to a sharp weapon. Even P.W.18 (Dr.Sunil Mohanrao Jawale) opined that the “cause of death was shock due to head injury in the form of fractured skull bones with intra cranial haemorrhage with stab wounds with 35 multiple incised wounds (unnatural)”. The fact that accused No.1 was caught red­handed with chopper (sharp weapon) which   is   corroborated   with   the   evidence   of   P.W.2,   P.W.1, panch witness for the arrest, seizure of weapons and clothes, and also in terms of expert evidence.  Thus, the prosecution, by adducing cogent evidence, has successfully brought home the guilt of the accused No. 1 beyond reasonable doubt.    44. Coming to the involvement of accused Nos. 5 and 6, they are named in the FIR as well as in the alleged oral declaration by the  deceased. Even the recovery of weapons supports the case and the statements of prosecution witnesses are also consistent pointing at the guilt of the accused. The counsels on behalf of these accused tried to submit that the evidence of   P.W.2   cannot   be   believed   as   there   are   contradictions between his statement in the FIR and the evidence before the Court. They submit that P.W.2 has not attributed individual role on the day of the incident. The evidence of the Doctor and   the   injuries   sustained   by   the   deceased   clearly establishes the guilt of accused Nos. 5 and 6 and, as already observed by us, merely not attributing specific overt act to an 36 accused would not be fatal to the case of the prosecution.  In every   criminal   trial,   normally   discrepancies   are   bound   to occur due to long lapse of time between the date of incident and   deposition   of   witnesses   before   the   Court.   When   the contradictions are so serious and create doubt in the mind of the court about the truthfulness of the statement, then such evidence   is   not   safe   to   rely   upon.     We   feel   that   the contradictions in the evidence concerning this case are very trivial   in   nature   and   will   not   affect   the   case   of   the prosecution.    45. Looking at the injuries caused to P.W.2, it can be seen from the injury certificate (Ex.No.20) that these are injury No.1 (incised wound on forehead), second injury (incised wound on the right forearm) and third injury (incised wound on the right hypochondria with omentum protruding out).   Taking into account all the above stated circumstances coupled with the evidences, we are of the considered opinion that the case of prosecution clearly establishes the fact of involvement and guilt of accused Nos. 5 and 6 beyond reasonable doubt.  37 46. Lastly, the counsel appearing on behalf of Accused No. 1 has contended that the non­examination of Ghanshyam Pawar is fatal   for   the   prosecution.   We   do   not   agree   with   such contention as the prosecution has the discretion to produce any witness based on its prudence. In the entire facts and circumstances of this case, the factum of arrest and seizure of weapon from Accused No. 1 has been cogently established by PW­11 and other evidences on record. Therefore, we are of the   considered   opinion   that   the   aforesaid   contention   is meritless as well. 47. In light of the above discussion, we are in agreement that the case against Accused No. 2 and 3 has not been established beyond reasonable doubt, whereas the same cannot be said with   respect   to   others,   whose   roles   have   been   proved   with cogent evidence  available on record.  Therefore,  while  setting aside the conviction and sentence against Accused Nos. 2 and 3, we maintain the conviction and sentence under Section 302, IPC with respect to Accused No. 1 and conviction and sentence under Section 307 read with 34, IPC with respect to accused Nos. 5 and 6. Accordingly, we direct the concerned authorities 38 to set free Accused Nos. 2 and 3 forthwith, if not required in any other offence. 48.   The appeals are disposed of in the aforesaid terms. ……………………..……J.   ( N. V. R AMANA ) …………………………..J.   ( A MITAVA  R OY ) New Delhi, January 30, 2018.