M/S. GOEL GANGA DEVELOPERS INDIA PVT. LTD. vs. UNION OF INDIA THROUGH SECRETARY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 11-09-2019

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Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
I.A. NO.64665 OF 2019 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10854 OF 2016
M/S. GOEL GANGA DEVELOPERS
INDIA PVT. LTD.Applicant (s)
Versus
UNION OF INDIA THROUGH SECRETARY
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
AND FORESTS& ORS.…Respondent(s)
O R D E R  The only issue involved in this application is whether non­ consideration of a judgment delivered by a three­Judge Bench in Re: Construction of Park at Noida Near Okhla Bird Sanctuary Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by ARJUN BISHT Date: 2019.09.11 16:51:16 IST Reason: 1 & Ors. , hereinafter referred to as ‘NOIDA Park case’, has led to 1 (2011) 1 SCC 744 2 wrong conclusions by this Court with regard to the interpretation of built   up   area   in   terms   of   Item   No.   8   of   the   Schedule   of   the Environment   Impact   Assessment   (EIA)   Notification   dated 14.09.2006.     The   relevant   portion   of   the   notification   reads   as follows:
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)
8Building/Construction projects/Area<br>Development projects and Townships
8(a)Building and<br>Construction<br>projects>20000 sq.<br>mtrs. And<br><1,50,000 sq.<br>mtrs. Of built­<br>up area##(built up area<br>for covered<br>construction;<br>in the case of<br>facilities open<br>to the sky, it<br>will be the<br>activity area)
8(b)Townships<br>and Area<br>Development<br>projectsCovering an<br>area >50 ha<br>and or built<br>up area<br>>1,50,000 sq.<br>mtrs. ++++All projects<br>under Item<br>8(b) shall be<br>appraised as<br>Category B1.
While interpreting this clause, one of us (Deepak Gupta, J.) held as follows:
13.From a bare perusal of the two hash tags (#) in
Column 4 and 5 of Item 8(a), it is apparent that what is shown
under Column 5 is actually a continuation of Column 4 and
basically it describes or defines ‘built up area’ to mean covered
construction and if the facilities are open to the sky, it will be
taken to be the activity area. This by itself clearly shows that
3
under the notification of 2006, all constructed area, which is
covered and not open to the sky has to be treated as ‘built up
area’. There is no exception for non­FSI area.
14.Indeed, the concept of FSI or non­FSI has no
concern or connection with grant of EC. The same may be
relevant for the purposes of building plans under municipal
laws and regulations but it has no linkage or connectivity with
the grant of EC. When EC is to be granted, the authority
which has to grant such clearance is only required to ensure
that the project does not violate environmental norms. While
projects and activities, as mentioned in the notification, may
be allowed to go on, the authority while granting permission
should ensure that the adverse impact on the environment is
kept to the minimum. Therefore, the authority granting EC
may lay down conditions which the project proponent must
comply with. While doing so, such authority is not concerned
whether the area to be constructed is FSI area or non­FSI
area. Both will have an equally deleterious effect on the
environment. Construction implies usage of a lot of materials
like sand, gravel, steel, glass, marble etc., all of which will
impact the environment. Merely because under the municipal
laws some of this construction is excluded while calculating
the FSI is no ground to exclude it while granting the EC.
Therefore, when EC is granted for a particular construction it
includes both FSI and non­FSI areas. As far as environmental
laws are concerned, all covered construction, which is not
The contention raised on behalf of the applicant is that since the   three­Judge   Bench   had   in   Para   84   of   the   judgment   in   the   observed   that   the   EIA   Notification   dated NOIDA   Park   case 14.09.2006   calls   for   a   close   second   look   by   the   authorities concerned   especially   in   respect   of   the   projects/activities   falling 4 within the   ambit  of   Items   8(a)  and   8(b)  of   the   Schedule   to  the Notification which need to be described with greater precision and clarity and the definition of built up area with facilities open to the sky needs to be freed from its present ambiguity and vagueness, the two­Judge Bench which delivered the judgment was bound by this judgment of three­Judge Bench and could not have held that the Notification  dated  14.09.2006 clearly  shows  that all  constructed area which is covered and not open to the sky, has to be treated as built up area.   Though the observations in Para 84, at first blush, support the contention   of   the   applicant,   one   has   to   appreciate   the   factual background in which these observations were made.  In the  NOIDA Park case , this Court was asked to intervene and halt a project in which a huge park was being constructed.  As far as Item 8(a) of the Schedule   to   the   EIA   Notification,   2006   is   concerned,   the contentions in this regard start from Para 38.  The MoEF took the stand that no environmental clearance was required because the project area was 33.43 hectares, which was less than 50 hectares 5 and the built up area was 9542 sq. mtrs., which was less than 20,000 sq. mtrs.   It was contended on behalf of the petitioners and the amicus curiae that the project would fall under Section 8(a) because though the covered construction of the project was only 6999.50 sq. mtrs., the project by its very nature provided facilities open to the sky and the whole of this open area, which was activity area, should be treated   as   the   built   up   area.     The   park   consisted   of   certain constructed structures like pathways, walkways, statues, fountains, etc. which were open to the sky and treated as activity area.  The contention   of   the   amicus   curiae   and   the   petitioners   who   were objecting to the project was that the construction which was open to the sky and was to be treated as activity area should also be considered as part of the built up area. The main dispute in the   NOIDA Park case   was whether the project was a building and construction project or a township and area development project.  This Court held that this was a township and area development project.  While considering this dispute the 6 Court felt that there was some ambiguity.  This issue did not arise in the case in hand.  The second point urged before the Court was that the facilities open to the sky i.e. the activity area should also be included in the built up area and it was this confusion which the court wanted the Central Government to settle.  No party had raised any contention in the   NOIDA Park case   about the covered area being built up area.   All the parties were   ad idem   that covered construction was built up area and the Court also held so.   This Court in this judgment has only held that all covered construction  shall  be   deemed   to  be   built  up  area  and  that the municipal   laws   regarding   Floor   Space   Index   (FSI)  or   Floor   Area Ratio (FAR) have no relevance.   This issue did not arise in the .  NOIDA     Park case Therefore, in our opinion, the earlier judgment will have no impact on the present case.   Reference was also made to Notification dated 04.04.2011 and the Clarification dated 07.07.2017.  These have already been dealt with in the judgment dated 10.08.2018 and those were not points of 7 issue in the  NOIDA Park case .  Therefore, we find no merit in the application and the same is dismissed accordingly.  
…………………………………J.
(Deepak Gupta)
………………………………..J.
(Aniruddha Bose)
New Delhi
September 11, 2019