E.A.ABOOBACKER vs. STATE OF KERALA .

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 27-09-2018

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Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.  2772  OF 2011
E.A. ABOOBACKER & ORS.…APPELLANT(S)
Versus
STATE OF KERALA & ORS.…RESPONDENT(S)
WITH
CIVIL APPEAL NO(S) 2773­2774 OF 2011
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2775 OF 2011
J U D G M E N T Deepak Gupta, J.
1.The short question which arises in these appeals is whether
turet Noht Veerifie dSpecial Tahsildar (Land Acquisition), Cochin Refineries Limited,
lly signed by<br>AY KUMAR<br>2018.09.27<br>:36 IST<br>on:<br>Ernakulam, Vytilla, Cochin­19 [hereinafter referred to as “the
IS
Ernakulam, Vytilla, Cochin­19 [hereinafter referred to as “the
2 Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L.”] was empowered to act as Collector under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”), in respect of lands acquired by the State for an Infopark.
2.On 05.12.2005, the Government of Kerala accorded
administrative   sanction   to   acquire   177.79   acres   of   land   in Ernakulam   district   for   the   purpose   of   the   Infopark.     The Government also accorded sanction to invoke the urgency clause under Section 17(1) of the  Act.   Thereafter, on 15.12.2005, the District   Collector,   Ernakulam   issued   a   Government   Order appointing   the   Special   Tahsildar   (LA),   K.R.L.   as   the   Land Acquisition   Officer   for   the   acquisition   of   land   for   the   Infopark. Thereafter, a notification was issued under Section 4(1) of the Act. In the said notification, it is mentioned that in view of the order of the Government, application of Section 5(A) of the Act has been exempted by invoking the powers under Section 17(4) of the Act. According to the appellants 23.92 acres of land belonging to them was sought  to  be  acquired  along with  the land  of  others.   The appellants   filed   objections   under   Section   5A(1)   of   the   Act. 3 According to them no action was taken on their objections and, thereafter, they filed Writ  Petition  No.9735 of  2008 in the  High Court of Kerala seeking various reliefs including quashing of the notification issued under Section 4(1) and 17(4) of the Act.   The main ground raised was that the Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. was not entitled to perform the functions of Collector under the Act. The stand of the State was that the Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. was entitled to act as Collector for the entire Ernakulam District and was therefore empowered to act as Collector even in relation to land acquired for the Infopark.  The writ court dismissed the writ petition in so far as this objection was concerned.  The appellants filed Writ Appeal No.2446 of 2008 which was also dismissed on 06.01.2009.
3.We have heard Shri R. Venkataramani, learned senior counsel
for the appellants, Shri Basant R., learned senior counsel appearing for   Infopark   and   Shri   K.N.   Balgopal,   learned   senior   counsel appearing for the State of Kerala.   4
4.Collector has been defined under Section 3(c) of the Act as
follows :­
“(c) the expression “Collector” means the Collector of a district, and includes a Deputy Commissioner and any officer   specially   appointed   by   the   appropriate Government  to perform the functions of a Collector under this Act;” A   bare   reading   of   the   provision   makes   it   amply   clear   that   the Collector and the Deputy Commissioner of a District are, by virtue of their office, deemed to be “Collector” within the meaning of the Act. The appropriate Government is also empowered under Section 3(c) to specially appoint any other officer to perform the functions of a Collector.     It   is   obvious   that   the   State   has   to   issue   a   specific notification to appoint any other officer to perform the duties of Collector.  The State may in its wisdom appoint such officer for the entire district or for a special project.  
5.Section 4(1) of the Act reads as follows :­
4. Publication of preliminary notification and powers
of officers thereupon.­ (1) Whenever it appears to the
appropriate Government that land in any locality is
needed or is likely to be needed for any public purpose or
for a company a notification to that effect shall be
5
published in the Official Gazette and in two daily
newspapers circulating in that locality of which at least
one shall be in the regional language, and the Collector
shall cause public notice of the substance of such
notification to be given at convenient places in the said
locality (the last of the dates of such publication and the
giving of such public notice, being hereinafter referred to
as the date of publication of the notification).
6.In the present case, the controversy revolves around the
notification dated 21.08.1989, which reads as follows:
Government of Kerala
Revenue (B) Department
NOTIFICATION
No.51590/BI/89/RD Dated, Trivandrum, 21stAugust, 1989
S.R.O No. 1743/89­In exercise of the powers conferred by clause(c)
of Section 3 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Central Act 1 of
1894) the Government of Kerala hereby appoint the Special
Tahsildar (Land Acquisition), Cochin Refineries Limited,
Ernakulam Vytilla, Cochin­19 to perform the functions of a
collector under the said Act within the area of Ernakulam District
and under sub section 2 of section 4 of the said Act, authorize him,
his servants and workmen in exercise of the powers conferred
under the said sub section in respect of any land within his
jurisdiction for the acquisition of which a notification under sub­
section (i) of section 4 has been published.
By order of the Governor T . Sankaran, Additional Secretary to Government Explanatory Note 6
(This does not form part of the notification but is intended to
indicate its general purport.)
As per the Government Order (MS) No. 1/89/ID dated
15.04.1989 Government have sanction creation of new special
Land Acquisition Unit with 30 staff for the acquisition of 320 acres
of land for the expansion of Cochin Refineries Limited,
Ambalamugal. In order to perform the function of a ‘Collector’
under the Land Acquisition Act, the Land Acquisition Officer has to
be authorized under Section 3 (c) of the Land Acquisition Act.
Hence the notification.
It has been urged by the State that the explanatory note not being part of the notification should not be taken into consideration.
7.According to the appellants the language of the notification is
very clear that the Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. has been appointed as Collector only in respect of those lands for which the notification of   acquisition   under   Section   4   has   already   been   published. Therefore, according to the appellants, the Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L.   has   no   power   to   act   as   Collector   in   respect   of   other acquisitions for which he is not empowered under the notification. The   appellants   also   place   reliance   on   the   explanatory   note   and submit that though it may not be part of the notification but it clearly indicates that the appointment of the Special Tahsildar (LA), 7 K.R.L.   was   only   in   respect   of   320   acres   of   land   involved   in   the expansion   of   Cochin   Refineries   Limited   and   not   for   any   other purpose.  On the other hand, the stand of the respondents is that by this   notification   the   Special   Tahsildar   (LA)   K.R.L.   has   been specifically appointed as “Collector” for Ernakulam District and is, therefore, empowered to act as Collector for all acquisitions of land in Ernakulam District.  It has been submitted on behalf of the State that the words “has been” cannot be read only in the past tense and the words “has been” may be read as “is”.  It is also contended that the   District   Collector   has   distributed   the   work   to   the   Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. vide order dated 15.12.2005. 
8.On perusal of the notification it is apparent that by the said
notification the Government of Kerala had appointed an officer by the name of Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L., to perform the functions of  a Collector   under   the   Act   only   within   the   area  of   Ernakulam District, only in respect of any land within his jurisdiction for the acquisition of which a notification under sub­section (1) of Section 4 of the Act has been published.   8
9.On a careful analysis of the notification, in our opinion, the
State has empowered the specified officer i.e. the Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. only in respect of the land for which the notification under sub­section (1) of Section 4 had already been issued.   The Special Tahsildar (LA) K.R.L. was not empowered by the notification of 21.08.1989 to issue any fresh notification in respect of other land. Though the explanatory note may not be part of the notification the same can definitely be used to resolve the ambiguity, if any, in the notification.   The   explanatory   note   clearly   indicates   that   the notification has been issued only to empower the officer to act as Collector in respect of 320 acres of land.  
10.As far as the G.O. dated 15.12.2005 is concerned, all that we
need to say is that under Section 3(c) of  the Act, it is only the appropriate Government which can specifically appoint any other officer as Collector.  The District Collector has no power to do so.  9
11.The High Court took the view that since public interest is
concerned   a   liberal   view   has   to   be   taken   and   when   acquisition proceedings are completed or going on for acquiring large portions of lands   required   for   public   purpose,   such   acquisition   cannot   be stopped on “cryptic hyper technical ground”.   We are not at all in agreement with this view of the High Court.  It is a settled position of jurisprudence   that   when   the   law   prescribes   a   procedure   to   be followed for doing any act or thing then that procedure has to be followed and any violation of such procedure would make the act voidable, if not void.  There is no doubt that the State is empowered to appoint any officer other than a Collector or Deputy Commissioner to act as Collector.  However, the notification should be clear as to for what purpose such Collector is being appointed.   As far as the present  case  is  concerned  the  Special  Tahsildar (LA),  K.R.L.  was appointed as Collector only in respect of acquisition of land relating to Cochin Refineries Limited within Ernakulam District.  If the State wanted   him   to   act   as   Collector   in   respect   of   other   acquisitions, nothing prevented the State from issuing a fresh notification in this regard,   but   relying   upon   the   notification   dated   21.08.1989   the 10 Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. cannot act as Collector in respect of other acquisitions.    This is not a hyper technical ground.  When the State   wants   to   acquire   the   property   of   a   citizen   which   is   a constitutional   right   of   any   citizen   under   Article   300(A)   of   the Constitution of India it must strictly follow the procedure prescribed by law.   It cannot urge that because the acquisition is in public interest a more liberal view is to be taken.  There is no question of taking a liberal or conservative view.  The only view which has to be taken   is   the   legal   view.     In   our   considered   opinion   the   Special Tahsildar (LA), K.R.L. was not authorized to act as Collector for the entire District of Ernakulam and is empowered only in respect of acquisitions   for   which   notification   had   already   been   issued   for acquiring land for the Cochin Refineries Limited.  
12.It has been urged by Shri K.N. Balgopal that Special Tahsildar
(LA), K.R.L. has acted as Collector not only in the case of Infopark but in many other cases and many land owners have accepted the award   and   if   we   decide   the   matter   against   the   State   many complications may arise.   We, therefore, make it clear that if any 11 land   owners   have,   without   any   objection   to   the   authority   of  the Special Tahsildar (LA) K.R.L., accepted the award of the Collector or have filed objections with regard to quantum and area only and have not disputed the authority of the Special Tahsildar (LA) K.R.L. to act as Collector, such land owners cannot take benefit of this decision. As far as this decision is concerned it will only enure for the benefit of the appellants before us.  
13.The appeals are accordingly allowed. Pending application(s) if
any is also allowed. The judgments and orders of the High Court in Writ Appeal No.2446 of 2008 dated 06.01.2009 and Writ Petition No.9735 of 2008 dated 25.11.2008 are set aside in the aforesaid terms.  We also make it clear that no other point was raised before us   and,   therefore,   the   State   can   take   appropriate   action   in accordance with law if it still wants to acquire the land.
……………………………J.
(Madan B. Lokur)
……………………………J.
(Deepak Gupta)
New Delhi
September 27, 2018