BAJARANG SHYAMSUNDER AGARWAL vs. CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 11-09-2019

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION   CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1371 O F  2019   (A RISING   OUT   OF  SLP (C RL .) N O . 9590/2015) B AJARANG  S HYAMSUNDER                                   …A PPELLANT A GARWAL         ERSUS V C ENTRAL  B ANK   OF  I NDIA  & A NR .                  …R ESPONDENTS   J UDGMENT   AMANA   N.V. R , J.   1. Leave granted. 2. The   present   appeal   arises   out   of   the   impugned   order   dated 31.12.2014 in Case No. 42/SA/2012 of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Esplanade, Mumbai rejecting the application of the intervenor who is the appellant­ tenant  herein seeking to stay the execution of order passed under Section 14 of The Securitization and   Reconstruction   of   Financial   Assets   and   Enforcement   of Security   Interest   Act,   2002   [ hereinafter   referred   to   as     the ‘ ’]     for   taking   possession   of   the   property   in SARFAESI   Act question.  3. The property in question is a residential flat admeasuring about Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by SUSHMA KUMARI BAJAJ Date: 2019.09.12 11:30:09 IST Reason: 1020   sq.   ft.,   situated   in   Andheri   (West),   Mumbai   (hereinafter referred   to   as   the   “ secured   asset ”).   The   secured   asset   was 1 mortgaged   by   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   with   the respondent no. 1­ bank  in equitable mortgage, by depositing title deeds   on   20.05.2000,   with   an   intention   to   secure   the   credit facility. When the respondent no. 2­ borrower/landlord   failed to make   the   due   repayment   of   the   said   credit   facilities,   the respondent no.1­ bank   classified the  debt as a “ Non­Performing Asset   (NPA)”.   Thereafter,   on   30.04.2011   a   statutory   Demand Notice under Section 13 (2) of the SARFAESI Act was issued to respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   demanding   payment   of Rs.10,72,10,106.73   (Rupees   Ten  Crores   Seventy­Two  Lacs   Ten Thousand One Hundred Six and Seventy Three Paisa Only) which was due as on 30.04.2011. When   the   respondent   no.2­borrower,   failed   to   repay   the 4. outstanding loan amount,  the respondent no. 1­ bank   made an application   under   Section   14   of   the   SARFAESI   Act   seeking directions to take physical possession of the secured asset.  This application   was   allowed   by   the   Chief   Metropolitan   Magistrate, Esplanade, Mumbai by his   order dated 09.03.2012. In this order, the Magistrate directed the Assistant Registrar to take possession of the secured asset and handover the same to the respondent no. 1­ .  bank 2 5. For  the  brevity   of   discussion,  it  may   be  pointed   out  that  the appellant, who claims to be the   asserts that the secured tenant, asset was let out to him by respondent no. 2­ borrower/landlord  in January,   2000   and   he   has   been   paying   rent   since   then. Admittedly, the tenancy was based on an oral agreement. The appellant­ tenant   received a legal notice dated 25.07.2012, from respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   directing   the   appellant­ tenant   to   vacate   the   premises   within   15   days.   The   appellant­ tenant   preferred a suit being R.A.D Suit No. 652 of 2012 before the Court of Small Causes at Mumbai against the respondent no. 2­ On  18.09.2012,   the   Small   Causes   Court borrower/landlord.   allowed the application for interim injunction of the   appellant­ tenant   filed   in   the   above   suit   and   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord  was restrained from disturbing the possession of the appellant­ tenant. 6. Meanwhile, the High Court of Bombay, in Criminal Public Interest Litigation No. 24 of 2011, held that a Magistrate has the power to pass an order of eviction without giving an opportunity of hearing to the tenant under SARFAESI proceedings .  An appeal against the aforesaid order along with a batch of other appeals was heard by this Court in  Harshad Govardhan Sondagar v. International 3 Assets   Reconstruction   Co.   Ltd.   and   Ors,   (2014)   6   SCC   1 [ hereinafter referred to as ‘ ’]. This Court Harshad Govardhan Case directed the Magistrate to decide the applications after giving the tenants an opportunity of hearing.  7. The   appellant ­ tenant   preferred   an   application   in   Case   No. 42/SA/2012 before the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Esplanade, Mumbai.   By   the   impugned   order   dated   31.12.2014,   the   Chief Metropolitan   Magistrate   after   hearing   the   appellant ­ tenant, rejected the application holding that the  ­  being a appellant tenant tenant without any registered instrument is not entitled for the possession of the secured asset for more than one year from the date   of   execution   of   unregistered   tenancy   agreement   in accordance with the law laid down in  Harshad Govardhan Case (supra) 8. Aggrieved by the same,  appellant ­ tenant  filed this appeal by way of Special Leave. The   learned   senior   counsel   on   behalf   of   the   appellant­ tenant 9. submitted that­ a. The   Appellant   was   a   protected   tenant   under   the Maharashtra   Rent   Control   Act,   1999   [ hereinafter referred to as  the “ ”], and was in occupation Rent Act of the tenanted premises since October, 2005.  4 B . Even though there was no registered lease deed, the factum of tenancy can be demonstrated by multiple rent receipts.  c. The   Small   Causes   Court   made   a   prima   facie determination of rights in his favour (refer to order in R.A.D. Suit No. 652 of 2012).  d. the  appellant­tenant’s  case is covered by the ruling of this   Court  in   (supra), Harshad Govardhan  Case   and  Vishal N. Kalsaria  v . Bank of India and Ors. , (2016) 3 SCC 762 [  ‘ hereinafter referred to as Vishal N. Kalsaria Case ’]. 10. On the contrary, the counsel on behalf of respondent no.1­ bank submits that  a. The   appellant­tenant   and   the   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   have   devised   this   litigation   to commit   a   large­scale   fraud   on   the   bank.   The appellant is not a tenant and has been brought into the   picture   by   the   respondent   no.2­ borrower/landlord  to misuse the process of law and is not entitled for any equitable relief. b.   At the time of creation of the mortgage, the bank officers were given to understand that the family of 5 the   mortgager   was   residing   in   the   secured   asset. Even   after   multiple   inquiries,   and   even   after initiating   proceedings   under   Section   14   of   the SARFAESI   Act,   the   bank   officers   were   never intimated about the existing tenancy.   c. The respondent no. 2­ borrower/landlord , had given a non­encumbrance certificate to the bank at the time of creation of the mortgage.   d. In 2016, the respondent no. 1­ bank  made enquiries regarding the status of the secured asset from the Housing Society which had built the property and is still maintaining the same. The Society,   vide   letter dated 12.07.2016, had confirmed that the secured asset   is   occupied   by   the   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   and   there   were   no   third­party rights created over the same.  Since the learned senior counsel on behalf of the appellant has 11. extensively   relied   on   the   judgment   of   this   Court   passed   in Harshad   Govardhan   Case   (supra)  and   Vishal   N.   Kalsaria   (supra)   in   support   of   the   proposition   that   a   tenant   is Case protected from any ejectment  proceedings under the SARFAESI 6 Act, we  have   to examine   if  the   law  declared  by   these  rulings accurately reflects the legal position and if these rulings applies to the facts of the present case. 12. Before we proceed further, the circumstances which led to the enactment   of   the   SARFAESI   Act   deserve   close   scrutiny.     The SARFAESI Act was enacted in response to a scenario where slow­ paced recovery and staggering amounts of non­performing assets were looming over the banks.  In order to overcome the practical reality, and keep in pace with the changing commercial world, Narasimham Committee I and II and the Andhyarujina Committee were constituted by the Central Government to provide solutions for the issues plaguing the banking system of the country.  The present   Act   is   a   culmination   of   the   suggestions   made   by   the aforesaid committees intended to enable the bank to resolve the issue of liquidity and aim for the reduction in the number of non­ performing assets.  The Preamble to the Act emphasises upon the efficient   and   expeditious   recovery   of   bad   debts.     This   is   also evident from the scheme of the Act. 13. Section 13 of the SARFAESI Act provides for the enforcement of security   interest.   This   is   a   self­executory   mechanism   for   the banks. Once the process of realizing the secured interest takes 7 place,   the   secured   creditor   acts   as   trustee   having   de­ jure /symbolic possession of the property and is required by law to realize it strictly in accordance with the provisions of Section 13, 14 and 15 of the SARFAESI Act. Crucially, sub­Section (2) of Section 13 of the SARFAESI Act envisages a notice, which acts as the trigger point for initiation of the recovery process under the SARFAESI Act. In the aforesaid notice, the secured creditor is required to disclose information on the amount payable by the borrower and the secured interest intended to be enforced by the secured creditor in the event of non­payment of the secured debt. If the borrower fails to discharge the liability, the secured creditor has   four   options   including   taking   possession   of   the   secured assets   of   the   borrower   (Section   13(4)   of   the   SARFAESI   Act). Critically for this case, once a notice is served on the borrower, he cannot further enter into any contract to create any encumbrance on   the   property   (Section   13(13)   of   the   SARFAESI   Act).     This extinguishes   the   right   of   the   mortgagor   to   lease   the   property under Section 65­A of the Transfer of Property Act [ hereinafter referred to as   the  ‘ ’]. T.P. Act 8 14. Section   14   of   the   SARFAESI   Act   provides   for   the   procedural mechanism for taking possession of property and documents with respect to the secured assets, from the borrower.  Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act, dealing with the Right to Appeal 15. 1 has   been   amended   in   the   year   2016 .   However,   we   are   only concerned with the earlier law which reads as under ­ 17.   Right   to   appeal.—   (1)   Any   person ( ) aggrieved by any of the including borrower measures   referred   to   in   sub­section   (4)   of Section 13 taken by the secured creditor or his authorised   officer   under   this   Chapter,   may make   an   application   along   with   such   fee,   as may   be   prescribed,   to   the   Debts   Recovery Tribunal having jurisdiction in the matter within forty­five   days   from   the   date   on   which   such measures had been taken:           Provided   that   different   fees   may   be prescribed   for   making   the   application   by   the borrower   and   the   person   other   than   the borrower. …… (2) The Debts Recovery Tribunal shall consider whether any of the measures referred to in sub­ section (4) of Section 13 taken by the secured creditor   for   enforcement   of   security   are   in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the Rules made thereunder . (3)   If,   the   Debts   Recovery   Tribunal,   after examining the facts and circumstances of the case   and   evidence   produced   by   the   parties, comes   to   the   conclusion   that   any   of   the measures   referred   to   in   sub­section   (4)   of Section 13, taken by the secured creditor   are 1 The Enforcement of Security Interest and Recovery of Debts Laws and Miscellaneous Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2016 (44 of 2016). 9 not in accordance with the provisions of this Act   and   the   Rules   made   thereunder ,   and require   restoration   of   the   management   of   the business   to   the   borrower   or   restoration   of possession   of   the   secured   assets   to   the borrower,   it   may   by   order,   declare   the recourse   to   any   one   or   more   measures referred to in sub­section (4) of Section 13 taken   by   the   secured   creditors   as   invalid and  restore  the  possession  of   the  secured assets   to   the   borrower   or   restore   the management   of   the   business   to   the , as the case may be, and pass such borrower order   as   it   may   consider   appropriate   and necessary   in   relation   to   any   of   the   recourse taken by the secured creditor under sub­section (4) of Section 13. (4) If, the Debts Recovery Tribunal declares the recourse taken by a secured creditor under sub­ section (4) of section 13, is in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder,   then,   notwithstanding   anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the secured creditor shall be entitled to take recourse to one or more of the measures specified under sub­section (4) of section 13 to recover his secured debt.  (5) Any application made under sub­section (1) shall   be   dealt   with   by   the   Debts   Recovery Tribunal   as   expeditiously   as   possible   and disposed of within sixty days from the date of such application:  Provided that the Debts Recovery Tribunal may, from time to time, extend the said period for   reasons   to   be   recorded   in   writing,   so, however, that the total period of pendency of the application with the Debts Recovery Tribunal, shall not exceed four months from the date of 10 making  of  such application  made  under sub­ section (1).  (6) ………..  (7) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the Debts Recovery Tribunal shall, as far as may be, dispose  of  the  application  in accordance  with the provisions of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (51 of 1993) and the rules made thereunder. ( emphasis supplied ) 16. Section   17   provides   for   an   invaluable   right   of   appeal   to   any person including  the  borrower  to approach the  Debt Recovery Tribunal   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   the   “DRT”).     In   Harshad (supra) this Court held that the right of appeal Govardhan Case  is available to the tenant claiming under a borrower, however the right of re­possession does not exist with the tenant.  However, in Kanaiyalal   Lalchand   Sachdev   and   Ors.   vs.   State   of  (2011) 2 SCC 782, this Court held that Maharashtra and Ors., the DRT can, not only set aside the action of the secured creditor, but even restore the  status quo ante .  We do not intend to express any view on this issue since it is not relevant for the disposal of this appeal.   We also note that Parliament has stepped in and amended Section 17 by the Enforcement of Security Interest and Recovery   of   Debts   Laws   and   Miscellaneous   Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2016 (44 of 2016).   Under the amendment, 11 possession   can   be   restored   to   the   “ borrower   or   such   other aggrieved person ”. 17. Section 35 of the SARFAESI Act provides an overriding effect over “anything   inconsistent   contained   in   any   other   law”,   in   the following manner­ “35.  The provisions of this Act to override ­ The provisions of this Act shall other laws. have   effect,   notwithstanding   anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law   for   the   time   being   in   force   or   any instrument having effect by virtue of any such law.” Section   35   is   critical   to   this   case   and   we   will   examine   the conflicting views on Section 35. The interplay between the SARFAESI Act and the right of the 18. tenant was first examined by this Court in  Harshad Govardhan  (supra).  It may be noted that the present appellant was a Case party to the aforesaid proceedings.   This Court was confronted with the question as to whether the provisions of the SARFAESI Act affect the right of a lessee to remain in possession of the secured asset during the period of the lease.   After noticing the scheme of the Act, this Court held that if the lawful possession of the secured asset is not with the borrower, but with a lessee 12 under a valid lease, the secured creditor cannot take possession of the secured asset until the lawful possession of the lessee gets determined and the lease will not get determined if the secured creditor chooses to take any of the measures specified in Section 13 of the SARFAESI Act.  Accordingly, this Court concluded that the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate /District Magistrate can pass an order for delivery of possession of secured asset in favour of secured   creditor   only   when   he   finds   that   the   lease   has   been determined in accordance with Section 111 of the T.P. Act. 19. The Court further held that if the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate / District Magistrate is satisfied that a valid lease is created before the   mortgage   and   the   lease   has   not   been   determined   in accordance with Section 111 of the T.P. Act, then he cannot pass an order for delivery of possession of the secured asset to the secured creditor.  In case, he comes to the conclusion that there is no valid lease   either before the creation of mortgage or after the   creation   of   the   mortgage   satisfying   the   requirements   of Section 65­A of the T.P. Act or even though there is a valid lease the same stands determined in accordance with Section 111 of the T.P. Act, he can pass an order for delivery of possession of the secured asset to the secured creditor. 13 20. This   Court   also   recognised   the   inconsistency   between   Section 13(13) of the SARFAESI Act and Section 65­A of the Transfer of Property   Act.     While   Section   13(13)   of   SARFAESI   prohibits   a borrower from leasing out any of the secured assets after receipt of a notice under Section 13(2) without the prior written consent of the secured creditor, Section 65­A of the T.P. Act enables the borrower/mortgagor to lease out the property.  This inconsistency was resolved by holding that the SARFAESI Act will override the provisions of the T.P. Act.  Before   concluding,   the   Court   in   21. Harshad   Govardhan   Case (supra),   distinguished   the   implications   of   a   registered   and   an unregistered instrument/oral agreement, in the following manner:
36.We may now consider the contention of the
respondents that some of the appellants have not
produced any document to prove that they are
bona fide lessees of the secured assets. We find
that in the cases before us, the appellants have
relied on the written instruments or rent receipts
issued by the landlord to the tenant. Section 107
of the Transfer of Property Act provides that a
lease of immovable property from year to year, or
for any term exceeding one year or reserving a
yearly rent, can be made “only by a registered
instrument” and all other leases of immovable
property may be made either by a registered
instrument or by oral agreement accompanied by
delivery of possession.Hence, if any of the
appellants claim that they are entitled to
possession of a secured asset for any term
exceeding one year from the date of the lease
made in his favour, he has to produce proof of
14
execution of a registered instrument in his
favour by the lessor. Where he does not
produce proof of execution of a registered
instrument in his favour and instead relies on
an unregistered instrument or oral agreement
accompanied by delivery of possession, the
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or the District
Magistrate, as the case may be, will have to
come to the conclusion that he is not entitled
to the possession of the secured asset for more
than a year from the date of the instrument or
from the date of delivery of possession in his
favour by the landlord.
(emphasis supplied) 22. The second case which dealt with the issue of tenants’ rights under the   SARFAESI Act is   (supra). Vishal N. Kalsaria Case  This   Court   was   concerned   with   the   question   ­   Whether   a “protected tenant” under the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999 can be treated as a  lessee and  whether  the  provisions  of  the SARFEASI Act, will override the provisions of the Rent Act? 23. After examining the legal and constitutional position, the Court held that while the SARFAESI Act has a laudable objective of providing a smooth and efficient recovery procedure, it cannot override the objective of Rent Acts to control the rate of rent and provide protection to tenants against arbitrary and unreasonable evictions.  To resolve this conflict, this Court held that­ 15 a) The   provisions   of   the   SARFAESI   Act   cannot   be   used   to override the provisions of the Rent Act.  The landlord cannot be permitted to do indirectly what he has been barred from doing under the Rent Act. b) While   a   yearly   tenancy   requires   to   be   registered,   oral tenancy can still be proved by showing that the tenant has been in occupation of the premises before the Magistrate under Section 14 of the SARFAESI Act. c) The non­registration of the tenancy deed cannot be used against the tenant.  For leasehold rights being created after the property has been mortgaged to the bank, the consent of the creditor needs to be taken. d) Even though Section 35 of the SARFAESI Act has a   non obstante   clause, it will not override the statutory rights of the tenants under the Rent Control Act.  The   non obstante clause under Section 35 of the SARFAESI Act only applies to laws operating in the same field. 24. While we agree with the principle laid out in  Vishal N. Kalsaria  (supra) that the tenancy rights under the Rent Act need to Case be respected in appropriate cases, however, we believe that the holding   with   respect   to   the   restricted   application   of   the   non 16 obstante  clause under section 35 of SARFAESI Act, to only apply to the laws operating in the same field is too narrow and such a proposition   does   not   follow   from   the   ruling   of   this   Court   in Harshad Govardhan   Case  (supra). In our view, the objective of SARFAESI Act, coupled with the T.P. 25. Act and the Rent Act are required to be reconciled herein in the following manner: a) If a valid tenancy under law is in existence even prior to the creation of the mortgage, the tenant’s possession cannot be disturbed by the secured creditor by taking possession of the property.  The lease has to be determined in accordance with Section 111 of the TP Act for determination of leases.  As the existence of a prior existing lease inevitably affects the risk undertaken   by   the   bank   while   providing   the   loan,   it   is expected of Banks/Creditors to have conducted a standard due diligence in this regard.  Where the bank has proceeded to accept such a property as mortgage, it will be presumed that   it   has   consented   to   the   risk   that   comes   as   a consequence of the existing tenancy.   In such a situation, the rights of a rightful tenant cannot be compromised under the SARFAESI Act proceedings. 17 b) If   a   tenancy   under   law   comes   into   existence   after   the creation of a mortgage, but prior to the issuance of notice under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act, it has to satisfy the conditions of Section 65­A of the T.P. Act. c) In any case, if any of the tenants claim that he is entitled to possession of a secured asset for a term of more than a year, it   has   to   be   supported   by   the   execution   of   a   registered instrument.  In the absence of a registered instrument, if the tenant   relies   on   an   unregistered   instrument   or   an   oral agreement   accompanied   by   delivery   of   possession,   the tenant is not entitled to possession of the secured asset for more than the period prescribed under Section 107 of the T.P. Act. 26. In   the   present   case,   the   bona   fides   of   the   tenant   is   highly doubtful, as there is no good or sufficient evidence to establish the tenancy in the first place. The present case involves a tenant who allegedly entered into an oral agreement of tenancy before the mortgage deed was entered into between the borrower and Bank/Creditor.   Additionally,   it   must   be   noted   that   tenancy created under such an oral agreement, results in a fresh tenancy after the expiry of statutory period fixed under the T.P Act.  18 27. The records also do not demonstrate that the appellant­ tenant has been able to prove his status as a valid leaseholder to merit the protection sought for. Admittedly, an equitable mortgage on the   secured   asset   was   created   by   the   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   by depositing title deeds with respondent no. 1­   on   20.05.2000.   However,   the   date   of   creation   of   the bank tenancy is not established in the present case. It is to be noted that   the   appellant­ tenant ,   while   seeking   protection   before   the Small Causes Court, stated that the premises were let out to him in January, 2000, but the Court noted that the appellant­ tenant produced photocopies of rent receipts for the period of 2001 to 2011. Contrarily, the appellant­ tenant , in this appeal before us, has stated that he entered into the tenancy in October, 2005. 28. The   claim   of   tenancy   made   by   the   appellant­ tenant   is   not supported   by   a   registered   instrument.   We   recognise   the   legal position, as laid out in the  Vishal N. Kalsaria   Case  ( supra ), that in the absence of a written lease deed the tenant may prove his existing rights by producing other relevant evidence before the Magistrate.   The   appellant­ tenant   has   to   produce   evidence   of payment of rent, property taxes, etc. Furthermore, if the rent and permitted increases were payable, then the quantum ought to 19 have   been   mentioned.   In   addition   to   the   above,   the   claim   of tenancy could have been substantiated by relying upon other tax receipts   such   as   BMC   tax,   water   tax,   electricity   charges consumed by the tenant, etc. However, the appellant­ has tenant  only submitted xerox copies of rent receipts. 29. Although the Small Causes Court held that the appellant­ tenant seems to have,   a right over the secured asset, the prima facie,     order   was   passed   ex   parte,   against   the   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord , who did not oppose the application. It is to be noted  that   the   prima  facie   case   was   decided   in   favour   of   the appellant­ tenant   solely on the basis of the xerox copies of rent receipts produced by him. 30. The respondent no. 1­ bank   has vehemently contested the   bona fides   of the appellant­ tenant   and has argued that the claim of tenancy   has   been   raised   just   to   defeat   the   legal   process   of realisation of dues as per the SARFAESI Act. To substantiate this claim, the respondent no. 1­ bank   has placed on record a legal scrutiny   report   dated   08.05.2000,   wherein   the   property   is indicated   to   be   self­occupied   by   the   respondent   no.   2­ borrower/landlord   for   residential   usage.   Additionally,   the aforesaid fact is corroborated by the non­encumbrance certificate 20 submitted by the respondent no. 2­ borrower/landlord  at the time of creation of the mortgage. Furthermore, the respondent no. 1­ bank  has also placed a letter dated 12.07.2016 from the Housing Society that maintains the secured asset, which confirmed that no tenancy had been created on the secured asset.  31. It is pertinent to note that at the time when the SARFAESI Act proceedings   were   pending,   the   factum   of   tenancy   was   never revealed   by   the   parties.     The   earlier   order   dated   09.03.2012, passed by the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Esplanade, Mumbai directing the Assistant Registrar to take over the possession of the secured asset, is silent about any existing encumbrance over the secured asset. It was only after passing of the aforesaid order of the   Chief   Metropolitan   Magistrate,   that   the   appellant­ tenant started agitating his rights before the Small Causes Court based on a completely different fact scenario, without a whisper of the alleged tenancy under the concluded Section 14, SARFAESI Act proceedings. The respondent no.2­ borrower / landlord  did not even respond to the claims of the appellant­ tenant.   The respondent no.1­ bank   has produced multiple records to substantiate their claim that the tenant was nowhere to be seen earlier and that this tenancy was created just to defeat the proceedings initiated under 21 the   SARFAESI   Act.   On   the   contrary,   the   appellant­ tenant   has failed to produce any evidence to substantiate his claim over the secured asset. In such a situation, the appellant­ tenant   cannot claim protection under the garb of the interim protection granted to him,   ex parte,   by solely relying upon the xerox of the rent receipts. 32. In such an event, wherein the claim of the appellant­ tenant  is not supported by any conclusive evidence, the rejection of the stay application by the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate cannot be held to be erroneous. Although the counsel of the appellant­ tenant  has placed ample reliance upon the  Vishal N. Kalsaria   Case   (supra), but the same would not help the cause of the appellant­ tenant herein ,   as the earlier case proceeded with the assumption of a valid and   bona fide   tenancy. But in the present case, the stay application of the appellant­ tenant  seems to be an afterthought. It is   clear   that   the   respondent   no.   2­   never borrower/landlord intimated the respondent no. 1­ bank   about the alleged tenancy. In light of the above, we are unable to accept the claim of  bona fide  tenancy of the appellant­ tenant33. In   any   case,   considering   the   counterfactual   pleaded   by   the appellant­ tenant   himself, that he was a tenant who had entered 22 into an oral agreement, such tenancy impliedly does not carry any covenant for renewal, as provided under Section 65­A of T.P. Act. Therefore,   in   any   case,   Section   13   (13)   SARFAESI   Act   bars entering into such tenancy beyond January, 2012. As the notice under Section 13 (2) SARFAESI Act was issued on 30.04.2011, subsequent   reckoning   of   the   tenancy   is   barred.   Such   person occupying the premises, when the tenancy has been determined, can only be treated as a ‘tenant in sufferance’. We should note that such tenants do not have any legal rights and are akin to trespassers.  34. In this context we may refer to  R.V. Bhupal Prasad v. State of ., AIR 1996 SC 140, wherein a two Judge Bench of A.P. and Ors this Court, speaking through Ramaswamy, J., made the following pertinent observations in paragraph 8 of the Report: "8.  Tenant   at   sufferance   is   one   who   comes   into possession of land by lawful title, but who holds it, by wrong after the termination of the term or expiry of   the   lease   by   efflux   of   time.   The   tenant   at sufferance   is,   therefore,   one   who   wrongfully continues in possession after the extinction of a lawful title. There is little difference between him and a trespasser. " 35. On the same lines are the decisions of this Court in  Smt. Shanti , AIR 1981 SC 1550,  Devi v. Amal Kumar Banerjee Murlidhar 23 Jalan   (since   deceased)   through   his   Lrs.   v.   State   of , AIR 1997 SC 2690 and  Meghalaya and Ors. D.H. Maniar and Ors. v. Waman Laxman Kudav,  [1977] 1 SCR 403. 36. The operation of the Rent Act cannot be extended to a ‘ tenant­in­ vis­a­vis the SARFAESI Act, due to the operation of sufferance’   Section 13(2) read with Section 13(13) of the SARFAESI Act.   A contrary   interpretation   would   violate   the   intention   of   the legislature to provide for Section 13(13), which has a valuable role in making the SARFAESI Act a self­executory instrument for debt recovery.  Moreover, such an interpretation would also violate the mandate of Section 35, SARFAESI Act which is couched in broad terms. 37. As   noted   above,   this   case,   does   not   mandate   the   additional protection to be provided under the Rent Act, to the appellant­  herein. The lower Courts are correct in ordering delivery of tenant possession to the respondent no. 1­ bank   as the tenancy stands determined.   Before   we   part,   we   must   note   that   we   have   not interpreted the new amendment  per se  or the law with respect to other categories of tenants, which may be taken up in appropriate cases. In the present case, as we are in the year 2019, which is 7 years 38. beyond the deadline of 2012, it is ordered that the appellant­ 24 tenant  shall hand over the possession of the secured asset within 12 weeks of this order to the Assistant Registrar at Bandra Centre of Courts, Mumbai, who in turn shall deliver the same to the respondent no.1­b ank . This Court is further of the opinion that such devious practices by the borrower to obstruct the rights of the bank to legitimately realize its dues cannot be appreciated by this Court. Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal. ..............................................J. (N.V. RAMANA)  ..............................................J.  (MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR) ..............................................J.  (INDIRA BANERJEE) New Delhi, September 11, 2019 25