PANCHANAND MANDAL @ PACHAN MANDAL vs. STATE OF JHARKHAND

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 04-10-2013

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1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.2173 OF 2009 PANCHANAND MANDAL @       … APPELLANTS PACHAN MANDAL & ANR. VERSUS STATE OF JHARKHAND                  … RESPONDENT J U D G M E N T SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA, J. This   appeal   has   been   preferred   against   the   judgment  JUDGMENT th dated 20  September, 2006 passed by the  Division Bench of  the Jharkhand High Court,   Ranchi in Criminal Appeal No.  441 of 2001. By  its impugned judgment,  the Division Bench  dismissed the  criminal appeal filed by the appellants and  affirmed the order of conviction and sentence passed by the  Trial   Court.   Thus   Trial   Court   order,   finding   the  appellants­ Panchanan Mandal @Pachan Mandal and Malti Devi  Page 1 2 alongwith  two others  guilty  of the offence  under  Section  304(B)/34  IPC and   convicting  them with  imprisonment  for  life was upheld by the High Court.
prosecution is
(I.R.) of informant Bachchu Sao (PW­14) who is the brother  of   the   deceased   –   Basanti   Devi.   According   to   the   fard­ th beyan(I.R.) recorded on 14  August, 1998 at Sadar Hospital,  Giridih, the marriage of  his deceased sister Basanti Devi  was solemnised     with   the accused Kaleshwar Mandal about  th five years prior to her death. On 12  August, 1998, Bachcho  Sao   got   information   that   his   sister­   Basanti   Devi   had  suffered  burns  and was admitted in Giridih Sadar Hospital  for treatment. He came to Sadar Hospital, Giridih alongwith  th other members of his family in the evening of 12   August,  JUDGMENT 1998 itself. He saw his sister had been badly  charred with  fire. Her whole body had sustained burns. On 13.8.1998 at  about 11.00A.M. when she regained her senses, she told him  that at about 9.00­10.00 at the night of 11.8.1998 while  she was  baking bread in the kitchen of her –in­laws house;  her   father­in­law­accused   Panchanan   Mandal,   his   wife­ accused Malti Devi and his two sons Falo Mandal and Daso  Page 2 3 Mandal  came there. Her father­in­law poured kerosene  oil  on her head from a tin and her mother­in­law set fire to  her sari with a burning wood of her oven saying that she 
and a golden ri
brother­in­law (jaith)­ Falo Mandal   and younger brother­ in­law(Daiver)­ Daso Mandal   took   out knives and started  threatening   her   that   if   she   cried   aloud   she   would   be  killed. When she tried to extinguish  fire and came out of  the   room,   all   the   accused   persons   pushed   her   inside   the  kitchen with lathis and they kept on watching  her burning.  She also stated him that her husband had gone to Calcutta  but while leaving for Calcutta,   he had asked the members  of his family to kill the deceased by burning. In the fard­ beyan, it is further stated that whenever the deceased used  JUDGMENT to come to the house of her informant brother, she used to  say that her­in­laws always harass her for a cow and a ring  as   dowry   and   sometimes   they   even   assaulted   her.   Her  statement had also been recorded by an A.S.I. of Police on  13.8.1998   at   about   noon   at   the     hospital   itself.   The  deceased succumbed to the injuries at about 2.00 A.M. on  14.8.1998  during  the course of her treatment. Page 3 4 3. On the basis of   fard­beyan(I.R.), Madhupur P.S. case  No.160/98 dated 16.8.1998 was registered at Madhupur Police  Station. After investigation father­in­law, mother­in­law, 
and husband o
charge­sheeted for trial.   4. The accused denied the charges leveled against them and  pleaded   their   innocence.   Their   defence   was   that   Basanti  Devi had accidently caught fire while she  was cooking food  in her in­laws house; the accused persons had tried their  level best to extinguish the fire, but still she sustained  injuries.   Her in­laws brought her to Giridih hospital for  her   treatment   and   the   accused   persons   had   spent   a   huge  amount for her treatment. Thus,  they were not liable  for  any   offence   on   account   of   her   death   which   was   actually  JUDGMENT caused due to accidental fire.   5. To bring home the charges, the prosecution examined 16  witnesses.   PW­1(Chhatradhari   Mandal;   PW­2(Sanjay   Kumar  Mandal);  PW­3 (Kedar  Ram); PW­4 (Pairu  Kole;  PW­5 (Tulsi  Mandal), PW­7(Nunulal Mandal); and PW­11 (Janki Mandal) did  not support the case of the prosecution and were declared  hostile.     PW­6   (Kameshwar   Mandal);   PW­8   (Tribhuvan   Ram);  Page 4 5 PW­10 (Jiwan Mandal) tendered on behalf of the prosecution.  PW­16   (Ashok   Kr.   Mishra)     being   a   formal   witness     has  proved the post­mortem report of the deceased which   was  marked as Ext.7.    PW­14  Bachchu Sao is the brother of the deceased who  is also the  informant, PW­13; Bholia Devi is the mother of  the   deceased, PW­12; Gulab Sah is the co­villager of the  informant,   who   had   also   gone   with   informant   to   see   the  deceased in hospital; PW­9; Janardhan Tiwary is the I.O. of  the   case.   Ext.4   is   stated   to   be   the   dying   declaration.  Mainly on the basis of the dying declaration (Ext.4) and  the   statements   of   the   PW­12,   PW­13   and   PW­14,   the   Trial  Court   held the charges under Section 304B/34 IPC proved  against   the     four   accused.   All   the   four   accused   were  JUDGMENT convicted   and   sentenced.   The   other   accused   Kaleshwar  Mandal,   husband   of   the   deceased   was   acquitted   of   the  charges on the ground that he   left the village prior to  the occurrence which means that he was not present at the  scene of occurrence.   6. Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that PWs  13   and   14   being   mother   and   brother   of   the   deceased   are  Page 5 6 interested   witnesses.     PW­12   is   also   their   co­villager.  Therefore,   their   evidences   are   not   fit   for   reliance.  According   to   him,   the   other   independent   witnesses   PWs. 
ave notsaid t
subject to cruelty for dowry. The evidences of PWs 12, 13  and 14  should be  rejected out­right. Further,  according  to   the   learned   counsel   for   the   appellant,   no   reliance  should be placed on Ext.4, so called dying declaration, for  different reasons. C.Paswan, ASI,   who recorded the dying  declaration   has   not   been     examined.       There   is   no  certificate in the dying declaration that the deceased was  in a mentally and medically fit condition for making those  statements.   Further,   according to   the learned counsel  for   the   appellant,   in   the   case   of     burning   it   is   not  JUDGMENT possible for the person to be in medically fit condition to  give statement as recorded in Ext.4. 7. Learned counsel for the State urged that in fard­beyan,  ingredients   of     Section   304B(1)I.P.C.   being   present,   the  presumption   of   dowry   death   will   go   against   the   accused.  According to him, as per statement of PW­14, brother of the  deceased  and PW­13,  mother  of the deceased,  the  marriage  Page 6 7 took  place  about  5 years    prior  to her  death,     cow and  golden ring demanded by her in­laws, the said demand was  not met by her family and her in­laws used to assault her 
were notfulfil
made clear statement in his evidence that in the beginning,  the    conjugal  life of his deceased  sister  was sweet  but  later   on     the   accused   persons   started   subjecting   her   to  cruelty in connection with demand   for a cow and a golden  ring by way of dowry.  These demands definitely fall within  the meaning of dowry as contemplated under Section 2 of the  Dowry Prohibition Act. Therefore, from the evidence of PWs­ 13 and 14, it is clear that the deceased was  subjected to  cruelty and harassment by  her husband and in­laws. 8. We have heard Mr. Anil Karnwal, learned counsel, who  JUDGMENT assisted   the   Court   as   Amicus   Curiae   on   behalf   of   the  appellant and  Mr. Jayesh Gourav, learned counsel  for the  State. We have also perused the evidence on record. 9. From the findings of the Trial Court, as affirmed by  the   High   Court,   we   have   noticed   that   the   case   of   the  prosecution   is   solely   based   on   an   FIR(Ext.1),   Dying  Page 7 8 Declaration(Ext.4)   and   the   statements   made   by   PWs   13  and 14. 10. Section   304B(1),   IPC   deals   with   Dowry   Death   and   is  stated as follows: (1) Where the death of a woman is caused  by   any   burns   or   bodily   injury   or   occurs  otherwise   than   under   normal   circumstances  within seven years of her marriage and it  is shown that soon before her death she was  subjected to cruelty or harassment by her  husband   or   any   relative   of   her   husband  for, or in connection with,  any demand for  dowry,   such death shall be called “dowry  death”,  and such husband or relative shall  be deemed to have caused her death.” To   attract   the   provision,   the   following   basic  ingredients of the offence are required to be established: (i) The Death of  the woman should be caused by burns  or   fatal   injury   or   otherwise;   than   under   normal  JUDGMENT circumstances; (ii) Such death should have occurred within 7 years of  her marriage. (iii)She   must   have   been   subjected   to   cruelty   or   harassment   by   husband   or   any   relative   of   her   husband; and Page 8 9 (iv)Such cruelty or harassment should be   for or in   connection with demand of dowry. 11. This Court in the case of   Biswajit Halder Alias Babu 
State ofW.B.,
that under Section 304­B IPC the prosecution cannot escape  the   burden   of   proof   that   the   harassment   or   cruelty   was  relating to the demand for dowry and the same was caused  within  seven years of marriage.   12. In the present case, PW­14; Bachchu Sao, brother of the  deceased has stated that marriage of the decased took place  about 5 years prior to the date of death. He also stated  that the relationship of the deceased with her husband and  with  in­laws  were good initially.  He further  stated  that  later there was a demand of dowry in the form of demand for  JUDGMENT a cow and a gold ring. PW­13; Bholia Devi, mother of the  deceased has also made  statement that the marriage of the  deceased   took   place   about   5   years   prior   to   the   death.  According to her, the deceased at death bed told her about  the burning by father­in­law and mother­in­law and stated  that there was a demand of dowry and harassment. But her  statement cannot be relied upon in view of the fact that  Page 9 10 there is no evidence to suggest that just before the death  PW­13; Bolia Devi had talked to the deceased or that the  deceased   was   in   the   condition   to   make   statements.   Her 
ated byPW­14,
present   in   the   hospital,   but   not   corroborated   by   PW­12;  Gulab Sah­ a neighbor who was also said to be present in  the hospital. 13. Ext.4   –   the   dying   declaration   also   suffers   from  infirmities. The author who recorded the dying declaration  C.Paswan,   ASI   was   not   produced   by   the   prosecution   for  examination or cross­examination. The explanation given by  the prosecution in this matter was that the attendance of  the   ASI   could   not   be   secured   inspite   of   summons   issued  against him and the letters written to the  Superintendent  JUDGMENT of   Police,   Deoghar   and   Giridih.   The   Trial   Court   wrongly  held that this was a convincing explanation. In fact, non­ appearance   of   ASI   has   prejudicially   affected   the  defendant’s interest as they were   denied the opportunity  to cross­examine him. It is admitted that dying declaration  (Ext.4)   was   not   certified   by   any   medical   expert   stating  that the deceased was in medically fit condition for giving  Page 10 11 statement. Though such certificate is not mandatory, it was  the duty of the officer who recorded the same to mention  whether   the   deceased   was   in   mentally   and   medically   fit 
such statement,
case was of a third degree burn which could lead to death. 14. In the instant case, ominous allegations have been made  against the in­laws of the deceased. No  specific incident  has been stated by the PW­13; Bholia Devi, mother of the  deceased or PW­14; Bachchu Saw, brother of the deceased  in  their statements. Nothing is on the record to suggest that  the deceased was subjected to cruelty and harassment “soon  before   her   death”   and   “in   connection   with   the   demand   of  dowry”. 15. Thus, we find that, practically there was no evidence  JUDGMENT to prove that there was any cruelty or harassment for or in  connection with the demand of dowry  soon before the death  of the deceased. Moreover,   the deceased has not made any  statement   in   her   dying   declaration   indicating   demand   of  dowry. Defence has successfully created a valid doubt as to  authenticity of the dying declaration as the police officer  who recorded the same was not examined. Such  deficiency in  Page 11 12 evidence proves fatal for the prosecution case as evidence  of cruelty and harassment in general is not sufficient to  attract Section 304B IPC.    
e above facts
prosecution   miserably   failed   to   prove   the   case   beyond  reasonable   doubt.   Hence,   the   conviction   and     sentence  awarded cannot be maintained. We accordingly set aside the  impugned   judgment   dated   10.8.2001   passed   by   the   Session  Judge, Deoghar in Sessions Trial No.; 158/1999 in respect  to Panchanan Mandal and  Malti Devi and the judgment dated  20.9.2006   passed   by   the   Division   Bench   of   the   Jharkhand  High   Court   in   Criminal   Appeal.   No.   441/2001.   Appeal   is  allowed. The accused are directed to be released forthwith,  if not required in any other case. JUDGMENT ……………………………………………………………………….J.                              (SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA) ……………………………………………………………………….J.                   (KURIAN JOSEPH)   NEW DELHI, OCTOBER 4,2013. Page 12 13 JUDGMENT Page 13