KAYALULLA PARAMBATH MOIDU HAJI vs. NAMBOODIYIL VINODAN

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 07-09-2021

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NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION  CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 5575­5576 OF 2021 [Arising out of SLP(C) Nos. 9948­49 of 2020] KAYALULLA PARAMBATH MOIDU  HAJI             ...APPELLANT(S) VERSUS NAMBOODIYIL VINODAN    ...RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T B.R. GAVAI, J. Leave granted. 1. 2. These appeals challenge the judgment and order passed st by the learned Single Judge of the Kerala High Court dated 21 August 2019 in Regular Second Appeal No. 83 of 2007 thereby allowing   the   appeal   in   part   and   remanding   the   suit   to   the learned   trial   court   for   fresh   disposal.     The   appeals   also challenge the order of the learned Single Judge of the Kerala 1 th High Court dated 10   February 2020 in Review Petition No. 1242 of 2019 in RSA No. 83 of 2007 thereby dismissing the review petition.  The facts in brief giving rise to filing of these appeals are 3. as under:­ The parties are referred to herein as they were referred to in the original suit. The appellant­plaintiff had filed a plaint in respect of the suit property claiming that it belonged to him by virtue of the registered assignment deed No. 110 of 1977 SRO, Kavilumpara executed by Kalariyullathil Paru.  It is the claim of the appellant­plaintiff that he had effected improvements in the suit property and also paid land revenue.  It is the claim of the appellant­plaintiff that the respondent­defendant has no right over the suit property.  As per the plaint, a portion of the suit property is a coconut garden and the southern side is a rocky area with timber trees.  It is the case of the appellant­plaintiff that there are definite boundaries on all the four sides of the suit property.  It is his case that there is a road on the western 2 side   of   the   suit   property   and   the   respondent­defendant’s property is further westwards.  It is the case of the appellant­ plaintiff that he is residing at a distance of 1½ kms away from th the suit property.   It is further his case that on 16   January 2002 at about 10:00 a.m., the respondent­defendant and five others   trespassed   into   the   plaint   schedule   property   and attempted   to   cut   and   remove   a   jackfruit   tree   worth Rs.60,000/­. After coming to know the same, the appellant­ plaintiff   rushed   to   the   spot   and   prevented   the   respondent­ defendant.  The appellant­plaintiff therefore filed a suit with a prayer to restrain the respondent­defendant and his men from trespassing into the suit property, committing waste therein and   from   interfering   with   the   peaceful   possession   and enjoyment of the suit property by the appellant­plaintiff. 4. The claim of the appellant­plaintiff was resisted by the respondent­defendant by filing a written statement.   It is the case   of   the   respondent­defendant   that   the   plaint   schedule property is not identifiable from the description given in the 3 plaint.  It is his case that the property described in the plaint schedule   and   the   property   shown   to   the   Advocate Commissioner is different.   It is the case of the respondent­ defendant   that   the   property   to   the   extent   of   52½   cents belonging   to   the   respondent­defendant,   despite   not   being included in the assignment deed of 1977, is being claimed by the appellant­plaintiff to be in his possession.  It is his further case that the said property is also not part of the purchase certificate.  It is the case of the respondent­defendant that the suit   property   never   belonged   to   Kalariyullathil   Paru   and therefore,   no   right   could   be   transferred   in   favour   of   the th appellant­plaintiff   by   virtue   of   assignment   deed   dated   15 January   1977.     It   is   the   specific   case   of   the   respondent­ defendant   that   the   property   as   described   in   the   plaint   was never owned by the appellant­plaintiff or his predecessors.  5. It is the case of the respondent­defendant that he had sold a jackfruit tree to one Nanu and Rafeeq for Rs. 65,000/­ which was in the marginally noted property and they had cut and 4 removed the tree.   It is the case of the respondent­defendant that   as   per   the   Commission’s   Report,   the   timber   was   seen outside the suit property on the roadside.  It is the case of the respondent­defendant   that   the   father   of   the   respondent­ defendant   namely   Puthenpurayil   Othenan   was   having   a property   admeasuring   85   ×   200   six   feet   kol   by   virtue   of th registered assignment deed dated 10  August 1927.  According to the respondent­defendant, his father had given possession of a portion of the property to the tenants and was holding 7.38 acres   of   land   in   which   his   wife   and   children   including   the respondent­defendant derived title over the property.  It is the further case of the respondent­defendant that a suit bearing O.S. No. 47 of 1983 was filed in respect of a portion of the said property.   It is his case that an Advocate Commissioner had prepared plan and report of the disputed property in that suit. It   is   the   case   of   the   respondent­defendant   that   as   per   the judgment and decree passed in the said suit as well as by the learned Appellate Court, it was held that the marginally noted 5 property belonged to the respondent­defendant and other legal heirs of deceased Othenan.   It is the case of the respondent­ defendant   that   the   legal   heirs   of   the   said   Othenan   had th partitioned their property by registered partition deed dated 4 February 1999 and the marginally noted property was allotted jointly   to   the   respondent­defendant,   his   sister   Geetha   and brother Ramesan as Item No. 2 in B, C and D schedules of the partition deed.  The respondent­defendant has therefore denied the claim of the appellant­plaintiff and prayed for dismissal of the suit.  On the basis of the rival pleadings, the following issues 6. came to be framed by the learned trial court:­ (i) What is the correct identity of the plaint schedule property? (ii) Whether   the   plaintiff   has   possession   over   the plaint schedule property? (iii) Whether the cause of action alleged is true? (iv) Whether the plaintiff is entitled to get a decree for injunction as prayed for? 6 (v) Relief and costs? 7. After considering the evidence led on behalf of the parties, the   learned   trial   judge   decreed   the   suit   vide   judgment   and th decree dated 7   March 2003.   Being aggrieved thereby, the respondent­defendant preferred an appeal before the Additional District and Sessions Judge, Vadakara being Appeal Suit No. 43 of 2003.  The learned Appellate Court dismissed the appeal. Being   aggrieved   thereby,   the   respondent­defendant   preferred Second Appeal to the High Court.  By the impugned judgment st and order dated 21  August 2019, the same was allowed by the High Court and the suit is remanded to learned trial court for deciding afresh with liberty to parties to amend the pleading.  A review   petition   was   also   filed   by   the   respondent­defendant st seeking review of the order of the High Court dated 21  August 2019. The said review petition came to be dismissed by the th High   Court   vide   order   dated   10   February   2020.     Being aggrieved thereby, the present appeals. 7 8. Shri P.N. Ravindran, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant­plaintiff submitted that the High Court has grossly erred in setting aside the concurrent findings of fact recorded   by   the   learned   trial   court   as   well   as   the   learned Appellate Court.  He submitted that on the basis of the report of the Advocate Commissioner, the learned trial court as well as the   learned   Appellate   Court   has   found   that   the   appellant­ plaintiff has successfully proved his possession over the suit property   and   therefore,   have   rightly   decreed   the   suit   and dismissed the appeal.  The learned Senior Counsel, relying on the judgment of this Court in the case of  Anathula Sudhakar 1 , would submit v. P. Buchi Reddy (dead) by LRs. and Others that since the suit was for injunction simpliciter, the issue of title was not directly and substantially in issue and therefore, the   suit,   as   filed   by   the   appellant­plaintiff,   was   very   much maintainable.   He submitted that the High Court has grossly erred in holding that the suit, as filed by the appellant­plaintiff, was not maintainable. 1 (2008) 4 SCC 594 8 9. Per contra, Shri V. Chitambaresh, learned Senior Counsel appearing   on   behalf   of   the   respondent­defendant   submitted that  even  from   the  report  of   the  Advocate   Commissioner, it could be seen that the identification of the property was not beyond doubt.  He submitted that the learned trial court as well as the learned Appellate Court had grossly erred in decreeing the suit inasmuch as it could not be said that the title of the appellant­plaintiff was clear.  He also relied on the judgment of this Court in the case of  . Anathula Sudhakar (supra) 10. The short question that falls for consideration before us is: Whether the learned Single Judge of the High Court was right   in   holding   that   the   suit   simpliciter   for   permanent injunction without claiming declaration of title, as filed by the plaintiff, was not maintainable?  11. The issue is no more  res integra .  The position has been crystalised by this Court in the case of   Anathula Sudhakar  in paragraph 21, which read thus:­ (supra) 9
“21. To summarise, the position in regard to suits<br>for prohibitory injunction relating to immovable<br>property, is as under:
(a) Where a cloud is raised over the<br>plaintiff's title and he does not have<br>possession, a suit for declaration and<br>possession, with or without a consequential<br>injunction, is the remedy. Where the plaintiff's<br>title is not in dispute or under a cloud, but he<br>is out of possession, he has to sue for<br>possession with a consequential injunction.<br>Where there is merely an interference with the<br>plaintiff's lawful possession or threat of<br>dispossession, it is sufficient to sue for an<br>injunction simpliciter.
(b) As a suit for injunction simpliciter is<br>concerned only with possession, normally the<br>issue of title will not be directly and<br>substantially in issue. The prayer for<br>injunction will be decided with reference to the<br>finding on possession. But in cases where de<br>jure possession has to be established on the<br>basis of title to the property, as in the case of<br>vacant sites, the issue of title may directly and<br>substantially arise for consideration, as<br>without a finding thereon, it will not be<br>possible to decide the issue of possession.
(c) But a finding on title cannot be recorded<br>in a suit for injunction, unless there are<br>necessary pleadings and appropriate issue
10 regarding   title   (either   specific,   or   implied   as noticed   in  Annaimuthu   Thevar  [ Annaimuthu Thevar  v.  Alagammal ,   (2005)   6   SCC   202]). Where the averments regarding title are absent in a plaint and where there is no issue relating to   title,   the   court   will   not   investigate   or examine or render a finding on a question of title, in a suit for injunction. Even where there are   necessary   pleadings   and   issue,   if   the matter involves complicated questions of fact and law relating to title, the court will relegate the   parties   to   the   remedy   by   way   of comprehensive   suit   for   declaration   of   title, instead of deciding the issue in a suit for mere injunction. ( )   Where   there   are   necessary   pleadings d regarding title, and appropriate issue relating to title on which parties lead evidence, if the matter involved is simple and straightforward, the court may decide upon the issue regarding title, even in a suit for injunction. But such cases,   are   the   exception   to   the   normal   rule that   question   of   title   will   not   be   decided   in suits for injunction. But persons having clear title   and   possession   suing   for   injunction, should not be driven to the costlier and more cumbersome remedy of a suit for declaration, merely because some meddler vexatiously or wrongfully makes a claim or tries to encroach upon his property. The court should use its discretion carefully to identify cases where it 11 will enquire into title and cases where it will refer to the plaintiff to a more comprehensive declaratory suit, depending upon the facts of the case.” It could thus be seen that this Court in unequivocal terms 12. has held that where the plaintiff’s title is not in dispute or under   a   cloud,   a   suit   for   injunction   could   be   decided   with reference to the finding on possession.  It has been clearly held that if the matter involves complicated questions of fact and law relating to title, the court will relegate the parties to the remedy by way of comprehensive suit for declaration of title, instead of deciding the issue in a suit for mere injunction.   13. No   doubt,   this   Court   has   held   that   where   there   are necessary   pleadings   regarding   title   and   appropriate   issue relating to title on which parties lead evidence, if the matter involved is simple and straightforward, the court may decide upon the issue regarding title, even in a suit for injunction. However, it has been held that such cases are the exception to 12 the normal rule that question of title will not be decided in suits for injunction.  14. In this background, we will have to consider the facts of the present case. 15. From the perusal of the pleadings, it could be seen that it is the case of the appellant­plaintiff that he derives the title to the suit property on the basis of registered assignment deed No. 110 of 1977.   It is the appellant­plaintiff’s case that he is in exclusive possession of the said property.  Per contra, it is the claim of the respondent­defendant that the property shown in the margin of the written statement to an extent of 52 ½ cents belongs to the respondent­defendant and that the appellant­ plaintiff was illegally claiming right over the said property.  It is his specific case that the property is neither included in the assignment deed nor in the purchase certificate produced by the   appellant­plaintiff.     It   is   his   further   case   that   the   said property   belonged   to   his   father   Othenan   by   virtue   of assignment from Puthiyottil Kanaran.   It is his case that the 13 title of Puthiyottil Kanaran under Exhibit­A15 is referable to Exhibit­A14 i.e. Document No. 2987 of 1924.  It is the specific case of the respondent­defendant that after the death of his father, his mother and children applied for purchase certificate by filing Application being O.A. No. 7014 of 1976 to purchase the  Jenmam  right under Section 72 of the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963.   It is his case that the Land Tribunal allowed the th said application on 9  May 1977.  Thereafter, the partition took place between the wife and children of Othenan in the year 1999. 16. The learned trial court in its order has observed that the survey number shown in the plaint schedule is R.S. 28/1A and the survey number of the property claimed by the respondent­ defendant in the margin of the written statement is R.S. 30/1. It has further observed that from the report of the Advocate Commissioner it would reveal that the correct survey number of the disputed property would be either R.S. 119/1 or 119/2. However,   the   learned   trial   judge   observed   that   the   survey 14 number does not have much relevance in the identification of the disputed property. 17. The learned Appellate Court, while dismissing the appeal, though   observed   that   on   inspection,   the   Advocate Commissioner   could   see   some   portion   of   a   revetment   in between the plots A and B which has been marked in Exhibit­ C1 Plan.  It goes on to observe that the said revetment cannot be treated as physical demarcation or boundary because the Advocate   Commissioner   is   definite   that   he   could   not   see anything to indicate that there had been such a boundary or revetment   and   that   it   was   impossible   to   put   up   such   a revetment throughout the length from east to west because it was a sloping rocky area wherein such a revetment cannot be put up. The learned Appellate Court further observed that when the plot A is admittedly in the possession of the appellant­ plaintiff, the only finding possible is that the disputed plot B also is in his possession.  The learned Appellate Court further observed that if the respondent­defendant claims title over the 15 disputed property, then the only remedy available to him, is to recover it under the law. It goes on to observe that in the suit for injunction simpliciter, the only material issue is whether the appellant­plaintiff has got actual and exclusive possession over the   entire   plaint   schedule   property   including   the   disputed portion. 18. It could thus clearly be seen that this is not a case where the appellant­plaintiff can be said to have a clear title over the suit property or that there is no cloud on appellant­plaintiff’s title over the suit property.  There is a serious dispute between the   appellant­plaintiff   and   respondent­defendant   with   regard not only to title over the suit property but also its identification, which cannot be decided unless the entire documentary as well as oral evidence is appreciated in a full­fledged trial. 19. We find that the present case would be covered by clause (b) of paragraph 21 of the judgment of this Court in  Anathula .     We  find   that,   in  the  present   case,  the Sudhakar   (supra) question of   de jure   possession has to be established on the 16 basis of the title over the property.  Since the said property is a vacant site, the issue of title would directly and substantially arise   for   consideration,   inasmuch   as   without   the   finding thereon, it will not be possible to decide the issue of possession. As observed in clause (c) of paragraph 21 of the judgment cited supra, if the matter involves complicated questions of fact and law relating to title, the court will relegate the parties to the remedy by way of comprehensive suit for declaration of title, instead of deciding the issue in the suit for mere injunction. We do not find that the present case would fall in exception carved out in clause (d) in paragraph 21 of the judgment cited supra inasmuch as the matter involved cannot be said to be simple   and   straightforward   wherein   the   Court   would   decide upon the issue regarding title, even in the suit for injunction. 20. It   will   also   be   relevant   to   refer   to   the   following observations of this Court in the case of   Jharkhand State 2 Housing Board v. Didar Singh and Another : 2 (2019) 17 SCC 692 17 “ 11.   It is well settled by catena of judgments of this Court   that   in   each   and   every   case   where   the defendant disputes the title of the plaintiff it is not necessary   that   in  all  those   cases   plaintiff   has   to seek   the   relief   of   declaration.   A   suit   for   mere injunction   does   not   lie   only   when   the   defendant raises a genuine dispute with regard to title and when he raises a cloud over the title of the plaintiff, then   necessarily   in   those   circumstances,   plaintiff cannot maintain a suit for bare injunction.” Another   aspect   which   is   required   to   be   taken   into 21. consideration is that, in pursuance to the impugned judgment and order, the appellant­plaintiff has already amended the suit so as to claim a relief for declaration of title. A consequential amendment has also been made to the written statement by the respondent­defendant.   In   that   view  of   the   matter,   it   will  be appropriate that the  parties  get  their right adjudicated with regard to the declaration of title on merits.  We therefore find no reason to interfere with the impugned judgment and order of the High Court.   22. The appeals are therefore dismissed. However, taking into consideration the fact that the suit is pending since 2003, we 18 direct   the   learned   trial   court   to   try   and   decide   the   suit   as expeditiously as possible and preferably within a period of one year from the date of this judgment.  Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.  No order as to costs. ….…..….......................J.     [L. NAGESWARA RAO] …….........................J.        [B.R. GAVAI] NEW DELHI; SEPTEMBER 07, 2021. 19