NAGARAJ REDDY vs. THE STATE OF TAMIL NADU

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 21-03-2023

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 886 OF 2023 (Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 12764 OF 2022) NAGARAJ REDDY                  ...APPELLANT(S)   VERSUS STATE OF TAMIL NADU        ...RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T B.R. GAVAI, J. st 1. This appeal challenges the judgment and order dated 31 March 2022, passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Appeal No. 34 of 2019, wherein the High Court dismissed   the   appeal  preferred   by   accused   No.   1,   appellant th herein, against the judgment and order of conviction dated 20 December 2018, passed by the Additional District and Sessions Judge, Hosur (hereinafter referred to as ‘trial court’), in S. C. Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Deepak Singh Date: 2023.04.21 18:22:19 IST Reason: No. 7 of 2007, for the offences punishable under Sections 302 1 and   341   of   the   Indian   Penal   Code,   1860   (for   short   ‘IPC’), sentencing him to undergo life imprisonment.  2. The case of the prosecution in a nut shell is as follows: 2.1. One Rajappa (the deceased) along with all other accused persons, including the appellant herein, hail from Oozhiyalam village in Krishnagiri district. It is pertinent to note that the deceased   and   the   accused   persons   belong   to   different communities. Radha (PW­3), wife of Rajappa, was the president of the local Outreach Women Self Help Group. 2.2. A portion of land in Oozhiyalam village was purchased by the   aforesaid   Self   Help   Group.   To   build   a   compound   wall around the said land, a contract for building the same was given  to   the   people   hailing   from   the   deceased’s   community. Such an act inflamed tensions between the two communities and several quarrels ensued, one of which led to criminal cases being registered against both the parties in the Bagalur Police Station.  Both the parties were facing prosecution in the Court of Judicial Magistrate, Hosur.  2 th 2.3. While   the   situation   stood   thus,   Rajappa,   on   14 September   2004   at   around   10   AM,   left   his   home   on   his motorcycle along with his elder brother Narayanappa (PW­1) to depose before the Court of the Judicial Magistrate, Hosur. On their way to Court, accused Nos. 1 to 5 waylaid them near a check   post,   quickly   sprinkled   chili   powder   on   the   face   of Rajappa and hacked him to death. It is specifically alleged that the   present   appellant   threw   chili   powder   on   Rajappa   and subsequently used his sickle to deliver a blow on the left side of Rajappa’s head. After committing the crime, all the accused went  back  to  the   village   and  pelted  stones  at  the  house of Rajappa   while   loudly   proclaiming   that   they   had   finished Rajappa off, and that other members of Rajappa’s family would meet the same fate too. In the meanwhile, Narayanappa(PW­1), who had escaped from the place of occurrence, ran back to the village   and   informed   Radha   about   the   attack   on   Rajappa. Thereafter,   they   along   with   others,   returned   to   the   place  of occurrence. In the meanwhile, the son of Koopaliappa, who is Rajappa’s brother, rushed to the Bagalur Police Station to lodge 3 a complaint, whereas Koopaliappa (PW­4) himself rushed to the check post where he found his brother Rajappa dead.  2.4 Thereafter, on the basis of the statement given by PW­1 to Rajsekhar   (PW­11),   the   Village   Administrative   Officer,   which was treated as a complaint, a case being Crime No. 251 of 2004 was registered at HUDCO Police Station on the same day, i.e. th 14   September   2004,   at   around   1   PM,   for   the   offences punishable under Sections 147, 148, 341 and 302 of the IPC, against   five   accused   persons,   including   accused   No.   1­ Nagaraja  Reddy,  the  appellant  herein.  Muthamizh Mudalvan (PW­16),   the   Investigating   Officer   (IO),   prepared   a   mahazar report and, thereafter, conducted an inquest over the dead body of   Rajappa.   The   dead   body   of   Rajappa   was   then   sent   to Government Hospital, Hosur, where an autopsy was performed and the cause of death was determined to be injury to a vital organ, i.e. the brain. The IO, thereafter, arrested accused Nos. 2 nd to   5,   with   the   date   of   their   arrest   being   shown   as   22 rd September   2004.   On  the   very   next  day,   i.e.  23   September 2004,   the   appellant   herein   surrendered   before   the   Judicial 4 st Magistrate Krishnagiri and, on 1  October 2004, he was taken into police custody.  2.5 During  the   course  of   investigation,   the  role   of  accused Nos. 6 to 13 came to the fore and they too were arrested, on the allegation   that   they   had   conspired   to   get   rid   of   Rajappa,   a prominent   figure   of   his   community.   Thereafter,   the   trial commenced   where   all   the   accused   pleaded   not   guilty.   Nagi Reddy, accused No. 2, perished during the course of trial and as such, the trial against him abated.  At   the   conclusion   of   trial,   the   trial   court,   vide   its 2.6 th judgement   and   order   dated   20   December   2018,   acquitted accused Nos. 4 to 13 but convicted accused Nos. 1 and 3 for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 341 of the IPC and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment along with a fine   of   Rs.   1500/­.   The   trial   court   largely   relied   on   the testimonies of PWs 1, 3 and 4 for convicting them.  3. Aggrieved by their conviction and sentence, accused Nos. 1 and 3 preferred an appeal before the High Court. Pertinently, the State did not prefer any appeal against the acquittal of 5 accused   Nos.   4   to   13.   The   High   Court,   vide   the   impugned judgment   and   order,   confirmed   the   conviction   and   sentence imposed on the appellant herein but acquitted Sridhar Reddy, accused No. 3 of all the charges levelled against him, finding that, while he had been arrested a few days after the incident, nd the date of his arrest was shown only as 22  September 2004. 4. Hence, the present appeal.  We have heard Shri Venugopala Gowda, learned Senior 5. Counsel appearing for the appellant and Dr. Joseph Aristotle S., learned counsel appearing for the respondent­State.  6. It is submitted on behalf of the appellant that the High Court   has   grossly   erred   in   convicting   the   appellant   for   the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 341 of the IPC. He submitted that on the basis of the evidence of Narayanappa (PW­1), accused No. 3 – Sridhar Reddy has been acquitted. He further submitted that, the conviction of the appellant on the basis of the same is not tenable in law. 6 7. Dr. Joseph Aristotle S., on the contrary, submitted that the   trial  court   as   well   as   the   High   Court  has   concurrently, found the present appellant guilty of the offence on the basis of appreciation of evidence. He submits that no perversity could be noticed in the concurrent findings of fact.   8. The conviction by the trial court and the High Court is primarily on the basis of evidence of Narayanappa (PW­1).  Narayanappa (PW­1), in his evidence, has stated about the 9. deceased’s previous enmity with the  accused persons in the year 2002, wherein the deceased and his wife Radha (PW­3) had gotten injured after a scuffle between the parties. PW­1 also stated that the trial with regard to that incident was ongoing in the Judicial Magistrate Court, Hosur. PW­1 further stated that th on 14   September 2004 at around 09:45 hours, he and his deceased brother were riding on a TVS 50 motor vehicle. When they were riding towards MS Nursery Farm, accused No. 1 – Nagaraja Reddy, accused No. 2 – Nagi Reddy, accused No. 3 – Sridhar Reddy, accused No. 4 – Krishna Reddy and accused No. 7 5 – Ranganatha Reddy, stopped them by brandishing harvest knives and then threw chili powder in their eyes. He stated that accused No. 1 – present appellant, stabbed the deceased with a harvest knife, due to which the deceased Rajappa fell down. Thereafter, accused No. 2 – Nagi Reddy attacked him with a harvest   knife   with   considerable   force   on   his   right   leg. Resultantly, his leg was severed into two parts. PW­1 further stated that, thereafter, accused No. 3 – Sridhar Reddy attacked the deceased on his left foot. After that, accused No. 4 – Krishna Reddy attacked him on the middle part of the deceased’s head. He submitted that, thereafter, he ran through a short cut route and informed Radha (PW­3), wife of Rajappa about the said incident.    10. Insofar as other witnesses are concerned, undisputedly, none of them is an eye witness. The other witnesses, including Radha(PW­3), wife of the deceased, only stated that all of the accused persons came to their home in the village and exhorted that they had killed Rajappa. 8 11. On the basis of the very same evidence, all the accused, except accused No. 1 – present appellant and accused No. 3 – Sridhar   Reddy,   were   acquitted   by   the   trial   court.   The   High Court acquitted accused No. 3 ­ Sridhar Reddy, only on the ground that he was arrested by the police within few days after nd the incident, whereas the arrest is shown on 22   September 2004. The present appellant was convicted on the ground that he was absconding after the incident and that he surrendered rd voluntarily before the Magistrate on 23  September 2004.  We find that the reasoning given by the High Court in 12. distinguishing   the   case   of   the   present   appellant   as   against accused No. 3 is totally perfunctory.  13. Undisputedly,   Narayanappa   (PW­1)   is   an   interested witness,   being   the   brother   of   the   deceased.   He   has   also admitted   that   there   existed   previous   enmity   between   the parties. As held by this Court in a catena of cases including a recent decision in the case of   Khema alias Khem Chandra 9
etc. vs. State of Uttar Pradesh1, previous enmity is a double­<br>edged sword. On the one hand, it provides for the motive and on<br>the other hand, the possibility of false implication cannot be<br>ruled out.
14. This Court in the case of Vadivelu Thevar vs. State of<br>Madras2 has held thus:
“11. .…… Hence, in our opinion, it is a sound and<br>well­established rule of law that the court is concerned<br>with the quality and not with the quantity of the<br>evidence necessary for proving or disproving a fact.<br>Generally speaking, oral testimony in this context may<br>be classified into three categories, namely:
(1) Wholly reliable.
(2) Wholly unreliable.
(3) Neither wholly reliable nor wholly unreliable.
In the first category of proof, the court should have no<br>difficulty in coming to its conclusion either way – it<br>may convict or may acquit on the testimony of a single<br>witness, if it is found to be above reproach or<br>suspicion of interestedness, incompetence or<br>subornation. In the second category, the court equally<br>has no difficulty in coming to its conclusion. It is in<br>the third category of cases, that the court has to be<br>circumspect and has to look for corroboration in<br>material particulars by reliable testimony, direct or<br>circumstantial…”
1 2022 SCC-OnLine SC 991 2 (1957) SCR 981 10
15. Undisputedly, Narayanappa (PW­1) has been found to be<br>unreliable by the trial court insofar as the other accused, except<br>accused Nos. 1 and 3, are concerned. The High Court has also<br>disbelieved the testimony of PW­1, insofar as accused No. 3 is<br>concerned.
16. In that view of the matter, we are of the considered opinion<br>that the conviction could not have been based solely on the<br>testimony of Narayanappa (PW­1), without corroboration of his<br>testimony.
17. In the result, the appeal is allowed.
18. The impugned judgment dated 31st March 2022, passed by<br>the High Court of Judicature at Madras, thereby confirming the<br>conviction and sentence of the present appellant passed by the<br>trial court, vide its judgment and order dated 20th December<br>2018, are quashed and set aside. The appellant herein is<br>acquitted of all the charges levelled against him and is directed<br>to be set at liberty forthwith, if not required in any other case.
11   19. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.  …….........................J.        [B.R. GAVAI] …….........................J.        [VIKRAM NATH] NEW DELHI; MARCH 21, 2023  12