BIKRAM CHATTERJI vs. UNION OF INDIA

Case Type: Writ Petition Civil

Date of Judgment: 28-02-2023

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NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA       CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION I.A. No.192235/2022, I.A. No.192248/2022, I.A. No.192436/2022, I.A. No.12917/2023 and I.A. No.26340/2023 IN WRIT PETITION(CIVIL) NO(S). 940 OF 2017 BIKRAM CHATTERJI & ORS. ….PETITIONER(S) VERSUS UNION OF INDIA & ORS. ….RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T Rastogi, J. 1. The present batch of IAs has been filed by various promoters/ developers/builders working in Noida/Greater Noida for recalling of th the order dated 07   November, 2022.   Pursuant thereto, orders th th th dated 10   June, 2020, 19   August, 2020 and 25   August, 2020 Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Ashwani Kumar Date: 2023.02.28 17:39:35 IST Reason: passed in the pending proceedings were recalled.  1 2. At a given point of time, lease deeds were executed between such project builders/developers/promoters with the Noida/Greater Noida authorities, keeping in view the commercial considerations on agreed   terms   and   conditions,   later   sought   to   invalidate   and intended to amend their contractual terms so far as the payment of interest is concerned, through the intervention of this Court and all of them have accordingly filed their respective IAs for recalling of th the order dated 7  November, 2022 passed by this Court.   3. To look into the complaint of the present applicants, it will be apposite   to   take   note   of   the   background   facts,   which   may   be relevant for proper appreciation of the grievance which each of the applicants has pointed out in raising their joint voice for recall of th the order dated 7  November, 2022, pursuant to which the interim th th orders passed by this Court dated 10   June, 2020, 19   August, th 2020, and 25  August, 2020, stood recalled by this Court.  4. It clearly manifests from the record that various writ petitions were filed by the homebuyers, some may be in public interest, but the   substratum   of   the   writ   petitions   was   pertaining   to   various projects of the companies of Amrapali Group, working as developers 2 in Noida/Greater Noida.  It was pointed out that in the year 2011, in Noida and Greater Noida, Amrapali Group of Companies entered into   various   real   estate   projects   for   housing   and   proposed   to construct   approximately   42,000   flats   and   to   fulfil   their commitments,   various   attractive   projects   through   the   form   of brochures   was   widely   published   and   it   was   assured   that   the delivery of possession shall be made within the time­schedule as indicated in the brochure and it was promised that they will provide world class amenities to the homebuyers. On this public assurance extended by the Amrapali Group of Companies, it came on record that   various   homebuyers   booked   their   apartments   during   the period   2010­2014   and   after   entering   into   Allotment­cum­Flat Buyers Agreements, payments were made by the homebuyers from 40% to 100% of the total sale consideration and later the Amrapali Group of Companies failed to fulfill their commitments and were unable to make available the “dream flats” to their customers and their   lifetime’s   savings   and   hard­earned   money   was   allegedly siphoned by Amrapali Group of Companies.   3 5. At this stage, this Court in the interest of justice, stepped in and   took   cognizance   to   secure   the   interests   of   homebuyers, obviously within the four corners of law and  proceeded to consider as to what relief could be extended to the homebuyers, who booked their flats in various projects of Amrapali Group of Companies. After a detailed discussion, this Court decided those writ petitions by a rd judgment dated 23   July, 2019 in   Bikram Chatterji & Ors. Vs. 1 and passed certain restraints while holding Union of India & Ors.   a vigil over the functioning of Amrapali Group of Companies and directed to take all other steps which may secure the interests of homebuyers.     Para   no.156   is   relevant   for   the   purpose   and   is reproduced hereinbelow:
“156. Resultantly, we order as follows:
156.1. The registration of Amrapali Group of Companies under<br>RERA shall stand cancelled.
156.2. The various lease deeds granted in favour of Amrapali<br>Group of Companies by Noida and Greater Noida Authorities for<br>projects in question stand cancelled and rights henceforth, to vest<br>in Court Receiver.
156.3. We hold that Noida and Greater Noida Authorities shall<br>have no right to sell the flats of the homebuyers or the land leased<br>out for the realisation of their dues. Their dues shall have to be<br>recovered from the sale of other properties which have been<br>attached. The direction holds good for the recovery of the dues of<br>the various banks also.
1 2019 (19) SCC 161 4  We have appointed NBCC to complete the various projects 156.4. and hand over the possession to the buyers. The percentage of commission of NBCC is fixed at 8%. 156.5.  The homebuyers are directed to deposit the outstanding amount   under   the   agreement   entered   into   with   the   promoters within 3 months from today in the bank account opened in UCO Bank in the branch of this Court. The amount deposited by them shall be invested in the fixed deposit to be disbursed under the order of this Court on phase­wise completion of the projects/work by NBCC. 156.6.  In view of the finding recorded by the forensic auditors and fraud   unearthed,   indicating   prima   facie   violation   of   FEMA   and other   fraudulent   activities,   money   laundering,   we   direct   the Enforcement Directorate and authorities concerned to investigate and   fix   liability   on   persons   responsible   for   such   violation   and submit the progress report in the Court and let the police also submit the report of the investigation made by them so far. 156.7.  We direct the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India to initiate the appropriate disciplinary action against Mr Anil Mittal, CA for his conduct as reflected in various transactions and the findings recorded in the order and his overall conduct as found on forensic   audit.   Let   appropriate   proceedings   be   initiated   and concluded as early as possible within 6 months and a report of action taken to be submitted to this Court. 156.8.  We   direct   various   companies/Directors   and   other incumbents in whose hands money of the homebuyers is available as per the report of forensic auditors, to deposit the same in the Court within one month from today and to do the needful in the manner as observed. The last opportunity of one month is granted to   deposit   the   amount   and   to   do   the   needful   failing   which appropriate action shall be taken against them.  The Ministry concerned of the Central Government, as well 156.9. as the State Government and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,   are   directed   to   ensure   that   appropriate   action   is taken as against leaseholders concerning such similar projects at Noida and Greater Noida and other places in various States, where projects have not been completed. They are further directed to ensure that projects are completed in a time­bound manner as contemplated in RERA and homebuyers are not defrauded. 156.10.  We   appoint   Shri   R.   Venkataramani,   learned   Senior Advocate, as the Court Receiver. The right of the lessee shall vest in the Court Receiver and he shall execute through authorised 5 person on his behalf, the tripartite agreement and do all other acts as may be necessary and also to ensure that title is passed on to homebuyers and possession is handed over to them. 156.11.  We  also  direct  Noida  and  Greater  Noida  Authorities  to execute the tripartite agreement within one month concerning the projects   where   homebuyers   are   residing   and   issue   completion certificate notwithstanding that the dues are to be recovered under this order by the sale of the other attached properties. Registered conveyance deed shall also be executed in favour of homebuyers, they are to be placed in the possession and they shall continue to do so in future on completion of projects or in part, as the case may be. We direct the Noida and Greater Noida Authorities to take appropriate   action  to  do  the   needful   in  the   matter.   The   Water Works   Department   of   the   area   concerned   and   the   Electricity Supplier   are  directed  to  provide  the  connections  for   water  and electricity to homebuyers forthwith.” 6. After   passing   of   the   detailed   judgment   by   this   Court,   the matter was listed for further hearing only with an object to comply its   directions   and   to   make   an   endeavour   that   each   of   the homebuyers’ interests be secured, as possible.    7. When the matter was taken up for further hearing, apart from the defaults committed by Amrapali Group of Companies ­ of which cognizance was taken by this Court ­ the Court Receiver submitted his note exploring the possibilities and avenues for securing and augmenting the funds for execution of stalled projects of Amrapali Group of Companies.  Indisputably, upto this stage, the grievance was confined only to examine the stalled projects of Amrapali Group 6 of Companies and this Court ventured to find out as to how the interests   of   homebuyers   could   be   secured,   particularly,   in   the projects of Amrapali Group of Companies. 8. Around this time, when this Court was taking a call based on the Court Receiver’s Report, to take a further course of action in making compliance of the directions referred to in para 156 of the judgment passed by this Court, of which reference has been made hereinabove, I.A. No.4139 of 2020 was filed by a builder, named, Ace Group of Companies, seeking certain reliefs on the same lines, as   prayed   for   on   behalf   of   flat   buyers   of   Amrapali   Group   of Companies and it was claimed by Ace Group of Companies in their application that they may also get the benefit of reduction in the rate of interest which is to be charged by the authority.  It may be appropriate to notice that Ace Group of Companies approached this Court by filing IA No.4139 of 2020 on its own behalf and not being authorized by the builders who have entered into their respective lease deeds with the Noida/Greater Noida authorities, neither the applicant (Ace Group of Companies) was holding power of attorney on   behalf   of   others   nor   authorized   by   other   developers/project 7 proponents working with Noida/Greater Noida authorities, or that it was in a representative capacity.   9. At the same time, there was no material available on record, even placed by Ace Group of Companies, and no builder, including Ace  Group   of   Companies,   could   claim   parity   with   the   Amrapali Group of Companies for the reason that this Court by its judgment rd dated 23   July, 2019, not only cancelled the lease deed executed between   the   Amrapali   Group   of   Companies   and   Noida/Greater Noida authorities, but also appointed a Court Receiver and issued certain detailed directions ­ of which reference has been made in para   156   of   the   judgment   of   this   Court   ­   in   reference   to   the Amrapali Group of Companies.   10. We are not going at this stage on the background facts as to what transpired to this Court, but from the material it reveals that on a complaint made by Ace Group of Companies for reduction of rate   of   interest   to   be   charged   by   the   Noida/Greater   Noida authorities as alike extended to Amrapali Group of Companies, the th matter was heard on 27   May, 2020 and order was reserved and th was pronounced on 10  June, 2020.  It may be noticed that looking 8 to the problems in cash flow because of unprecedented Covid­19 pandemic   situation   and   its   aftermaths,   general   directions   were th issued by the State of Uttar Pradesh on 9  June, 2020 reducing the rate of interest to be charged by the authorities ­ which was in rem applicable to all the builders/project proponents who are working and covered under the general directions issued by the Government of Uttar Pradesh ­ and obviously this notification could not have th been available before the Court when the order was reserved on 27 th May, 2020 and   pronounced on 10   June, 2020, in reference to which the Court reduced the rate of interest on the outstanding premium and other dues to be realized in all such cases at the rate of 8% per annum and made it applicable to all 114 plots which were allotted   from   the   year   2005   onwards   by   Noida/Greater   Noida authorities.  The extract of para 42 of the order, which is relevant for the purpose is reproduced hereunder:     “42. Considering the current state of real estate, the projects are standstill, and in order to give impetus to such housing projects and mainly considering plight of home buyers and as pointed out by   Noida   and   Greater   Noida   Authorities   that   114   plots   were allotted from 2005 onwards, most of projects are incomplete; we direct that rate of interest on the outstanding premium and other dues to be realized in all such cases at the rate of 8% per annum and let the Noida and Greater Noida Authorities do a restructuring of the repayment schedule so that amount is paid and Noida and 9 Greater   Noida   Authorities  are  able  to  realize   the   same.    As  to reasonable time frame, we would kike to hear the parties.  In case of failure to pay, the concession granted shall stand withdrawn. However,   at   the   same   time,   the   Noida   and   Greater   Noida Authorities shall also ensure that not only instalments/money are deposited,   but   also   all   such   projects   are   completed   within   the stipulated time.”      th 11. The said order came to be clarified by an order dated 10  July, 2020 and later further orders came to be passed on various IAs filed by M/s Prateek Group of Companies and other groups, who are nd th admittedly nowhere on screen from 22  May, 2020 to 25  August, 2020.  It may be relevant to note that regarding the projects of M/s Prateek Group of Companies, the date of allotment of lease deed was between years 2008 and 2012 and all projects were completed much before the cognizance was taken by this Court in the year th 2019.  As noticed by us in our order dated 7  November, 2022, it will be apposite to reproduce the same :  “That the Applicant Company, through its group companies has been allotted the following plots for the development of group   housing   projects   as   well   as   the   progress   of   the Applicant on the said projects:
Sl.<br>No<br>.Plot No. &<br>LocationAllottee<br>CompanyProject<br>Name &<br>Number of<br>Flats<br>constructedDate of Allotment<br>& Lease Deed
10
1.E­11,<br>Sector 61,<br>NoidaPrateek<br>Buildtech<br>(India) Pvt. Ltd.Prateek<br>Fedora 25126.12.2008<br>/<br>31.12.2008
2.GH­04/B<br>Sector 45<br>NoidaPrateek<br>Buildtech<br>(India) Pvt. Ltd.Prateek<br>Stylome<br>54508.03.2010<br>/<br>31.03.2010
3.GH­01,<br>Sector<br>120,<br>Noida.Prateek<br>Realtors India<br>Pvt. Ltd.Prateek<br>Laurel 153010.12.2009<br>/<br>07.01.2010
4.GH­01,<br>Sector 77,<br>NoidaPrateek<br>Realtors India<br>Pvt. Ltd.Prateek<br>Wisteria<br>180031.03.2010<br>/<br>26.05.2010
5.GH­01/A<br>(Beta­II)<br>Sector<br>107, NoidaPrateek<br>Infraprojects<br>India Pvt. Ltd.Prateek<br>Edifice 42302.02.2012<br>/<br>15.02.2012
12. However, an outstanding of Rs.23.78 crores was not paid to the Noida/Greater Noida authorities ­ which was due and payable on behalf of M/s Prateek Group of Companies and the demand was outstanding for a sufficiently long time.  But after the orders came th th to be passed by this Court, later on dtd. 19  August, 2020 and 25 August, 2020, an application was filed on behalf of Noida/Greater Noida authorities for recalling of all the three orders referred to hereinabove.   13. At   this   stage,   there   was   strong   objection   made   by   various group of companies, including Ace Group of Companies, Prateek 11 Group of Companies, Paramount Group of Companies and Ajnara Group of Companies and also by other individual builders/project proponents and after the matter was heard at length and taking note   of   the   objections   made,   this   Court   finally   arrived   at   the conclusion   that   miscellaneous   orders   passed   by   this   Court,   in extending   the   relief   to   other   promoters/developers   other   than th Amrapali  Group  of   Companies  under  its  order  dated  10   June, th th 2020 followed with orders dated 19  August, 2020 and 25  August, th 2020 deserve to be recalled and accordingly under order dated 7 November, 2022, such interim orders passed by this Court were recalled with a further direction that the rate of interest should be calculated   in   respect   of   builders   other   than   Amrapali   Group   of Companies, after taking into consideration the effect of the order th dated 9  June, 2020 passed by the State of U.P.    th 14. After   passing   of   the   order   dated   7   November,   2022,   the present IAs being I.A. No.192235/22 by M/s Prateek Infraprojects India Pvt. Ltd.; I.A. No.192248/22 by CREDAI & NAREDCO; I.A. No. 192436/22   by   M/s.   Paramount   Propbuild   Pvt.   Ltd.;   I.A.   No. 12917/23 by ET Infra Developers Pvt. Ltd. and I.A. No.26340/23 by 12 M/s. Surya Jyoti Software Pvt. Ltd. have been filed and each of them has come with a common voice that once the orders were passed   by   this   Court   after   hearing   the   parties   and   taking   into consideration   the   objections   raised   by   Noida/Greater   Noida authorities, there was no reason or justification for recalling of such th orders under the order impugned dated 7  November, 2022 and a th joint request is made that the order dated   7   November, 2022 th passed by this Court recalling the orders dated 10   June, 2020, th th 19  August, 2020 and 25  August, 2020, may be recalled.   15. In support thereof, a further submission is made that one of th the orders passed on 10  July, 2020 has not been recalled and if that   remain   on   record,   the   authorities   are   under   obligation   to th charge interest in terms of the orders dated 10   July, 2020, of th which   reference   has   not   been   made   in   the   order   dated   7 November, 2022.    th 16. Learned counsel further submits that by notification dated 9 June,   2020,   the   State   of   U.P.   has   made   applicable   the   rate   of interest   to   be   charged   from   various   builders/project  proponents and that was brought to the notice of the Court after the first order 13 th came   to   be   passed   dated   10   June,   2020   and   the   Court   took th cognizance   of   the   notification   dated   9   June,   2020   in   its th subsequent orders dated         10   July, 2020 and thereafter.   It is also their objection that if the projects run by the Amrapali Group of   Companies   are   entitled   for   certain   financial   benefits,   why   it should not be extended to other group of companies ­ who also face the   same   financial   crunch   during   the   unprecedented   Covid­19 pandemic ­ and justification has been tendered to this Court for th recalling its order dated 7  November, 2022.    17. Further   submission   made   by   the   learned   counsel   for   the applicants is that once the orders have been passed after hearing the parties on perusal of available records, at least, miscellaneous application   filed   for   recalling   of   such   orders   was   not   valid   and justified under the guise of miscellaneous application filed at the instance   of   Noida/Greater   Noida   authorities   unless   there   is   a manifest apparent error or mistake being traced out in the orders of th which reference has been made in the order dated 7   November, 2022, recalling of such orders was ordinarily not permissible under 14 the law and in support thereof reliance has been placed on various judgments of this Court. 18. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents appearing for the Noida/Greater Noida authorities submits that the order dated th 10  June, 2020, was the foundational order.  At that stage the only application filed, of which this Court took cognizance, was of the Ace Group of Companies and to be more specific I.A. No.4139 of 2020 (Ace Group of Companies) and no such application has been th filed by Ace Group of Companies for recall of the order dated 7 November, 2022.  19. Learned counsel further submits that so far as the Prateek Group of Companies is concerned, the statement which has come th on record and noticed by this Court in its order dated 7  November, 2022 is indeed alarming that all its projects were completed much before the cognizance was taken by this Court and it was unable to pay the demand as raised by the Noida/Greater Noida authorities in terms of the conditions of the lease deed executed with open eyes between the parties.  It also moved an IA before this Court which was not even remotely concerned with the cause of which judicial 15 notice was taken by this Court with an object to secure interests of the homebuyers of Amrapali Group of Companies.  20. Learned counsel further submits that so far as IAs filed by CREDAI and NAREDCO and other developers are concerned, they th have   not   filed   any   IA   upto   the   passing   of   the   order   dated   7 November, 2022 and so far as the other IAs are concerned, all came th into the pool after order of 25  August, 2020 came to be passed by this   Court   ­   at   a   later   stage   ­   and   admittedly   either   of   the promoters/builders was not even remotely concerned, directly or indirectly,   in   reference   to   the   projects   of   Amrapali   Group   of Companies of which judicial cognizance was taken by this Court.  21. Learned counsel further submits that once this Court ­ after hearing the parties ­ arrived at the conclusion that the three orders th th th i.e. 10   June, 2020, 19   August, 2020, and 25   August, 2020 of th which a detailed reference has been made under order dated 7 November, 2022 deserve to be recalled, the present group of I.As are not maintainable and deserves to be rejected.   16 22. We have heard learned counsel for the parties at length and with their assistance perused the material available on record. 23. The undisputed facts which have come on record are that the initiation of proceedings in the first instance in  Bikram Chatterji (supra) was only confined to consider how to secure the interests of homebuyers of Amrapali Group of Companies and at a later stage, interim application was filed by the Ace Group of Companies and later   few   other   group   of   companies   also   intervened   in   the proceedings, but admittedly either of the group of companies in no manner was   related to the functioning of the Amrapali Group of Companies ­ of which reference has been made in para 156 of the judgment.   24. It is, however, true that at one stage this Court stepped into the interim application filed by Ace Group of Companies and by the other group of companies as well and passed certain interim orders protecting them in reference to revised rate of interest chargeable from   the   builders/developers   with   a   further   direction   of restructuring of the payment schedule payable to Noida/Greater Noida authorities.   17 25. On an application being filed at the instance of Noida/Greater Noida   authorities,   this   Court   has   looked   into   and   revisited   the material available on record at length and arrived at a conclusion th that order passed on 10   June, 2020 followed with orders dated th th 19  August, 2020 and 25  August, 2020 deserve to be recalled, of which express reference has been made in detail while passing the th order dated 7  November, 2022. 26. We have examined the interim applications which have now been filed by various group of companies for recalling of the order th dated   7   November,   2022,   pursuant   to   which   we   consciously th th recalled our orders dated 10   June, 2020, 19   August, 2020 and th 25  August, 2020 and in the present facts and circumstances, we th find no reason/justification to recall our order dated 7  November, 2022.     Consequently,   the   interim   applications   are   without substance and deserve to be dismissed. th 27. So far as the submission made that the order dated 10  July, 2020 has not been recalled is concerned, it is without substance for th the   reason   that   the   order   dated   10   July,   2020   is   only   a clarification/modification of the first foundational order passed by 18 th this Court on 10  June, 2020 ­ which was independently passed on the later facts/developments placed on record.  That apart, it is a mere technical objection which needs no credence.   28. The further submission made is that if this Court arrives at the conclusion that the orders passed by this Court on respective IAs filed at the instance of the builders/developers deserve to be recalled, at least their IAs may be restored and heard on merits. The submission on the face of it appears to be attractive, but holds no foundation for the reason that the IAs were filed by various group of companies, including Ace Group of Companies, but they are not in any manner concerned with the plight of homebuyers of Amrapali Group of Companies, of which judicial cognizance was taken  by   this   Court  and   merely   filing   of   IAs  by   other   group  of companies who are stranger to the cognizance taken by this Court in reference to Amrapali Group of Companies, do not deserve any indulgence at least in the instant proceedings.   29. Consequently, the IAs are dismissed.    19 ……………………………..J. (AJAY RASTOGI) ……………………………..J. (BELA M. TRIVEDI) NEW DELHI; FEBRUARY 28, 2023. 20