THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE vs. DEVENDER ANAND

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 08-08-2019

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1                                                 NON­REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 834 of 2017 The Commissioner of Police & Ors. .. Appellants Versus Devender Anand & Ors. .. Respondents J U D G M E N T M. R. Shah, J. 1. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment and order dated 13.01.2017 passed by the High Court of   Delhi   in   Writ   Petition   (Crl.)   No.   299   of   2016,   the   original respondents – appellants – Commissioner of Police and Others have preferred the present appeal. 2. That respondent No. 1 herein – original complainant entered into an agreement to sell in respect of house situated at WZ­ Signature Not Verified 1179,   Plot   No.   11,   Rani   Bagh,   Shakur   Basti,   Delhi   with Digitally signed by NARENDRA PRASAD Date: 2019.08.08 17:05:15 IST Reason: respondent Nos. 2 to 3 herein for a consideration of Rs.54 lakhs. 2 That the agreement to sell, general power of attorney etc. were executed and the entire amount of consideration of Rs.54 lakhs was paid to the agreement sellers.  According to respondent No. 1 – original complainant, subsequently on 31.07.2013, he learnt that the said property had been mortgaged to Andhra Bank when a   notice   by   the   said   bank   was   affixed   on   the   property. According to respondent No. 1 – original complainant, thereafter he was compelled to settle the claim of Andhra Bank to the tune of   Rs.16,93,059/­   for   release   of   the   mortgaged   documents. Respondent   No.   1   –   original   complainant   also   paid   the registration charges of Rs,7,81,941/­ for registration of the sale deed in his favour.  That, thereafter he lodged a complaint with the Karol Bagh police station against respondent Nos. 2 and 3 herein for the offence under Section 420/34 of the Indian Penal Code alleging, inter alia, that though the property was put as a mortgage with the Andhra Bank, the same was not disclosed to him and without disclosing the same the property in question was sold.     Therefore, it was the case of respondent No. 1 – original complaint that he was cheated by respondent Nos. 2 and 3 herein.   That a preliminary inquiry was conducted on the said 3 complaint by the Sub­Inspector of the Police posted at the Karol Bagh   police   station.     According   to   the   complainant,   on 20.05.2015, the Sub­Inspector submitted his report that a  prima facie  offence under Section 420/34 IPC is made out.  He sought permission   to   register   a   case   under   Section   420/34   IPC   for further investigation.   According to the complainant, the SHO concurred   with   the   aforesaid   conclusion   in   his   noting   dated 21.05.2015 and put up the matter before the ACP concerned. According to the complainant, the ACP also concurred with the said conclusion in his noting dated 25.05.2015.     According to the complainant, despite the above, the FIR was not registered and   the   same   Sub­Inspector   Yogender   Kumar   of   Karol   Bagh police station started a fresh process of preliminary inquiry on the same set of facts.   He concluded that since the complainant had given his consent to the registration of the sale deed and discharge   of   the   liability   of   the   bank,   even   though   the   said mortgage as revealed to him on 31.07.2013, therefore, no police action is required.   The said file noting was concurred by the SHO   with   the   diametrically   opposite   view   taken   by   the   Sub­ Inspector Yogender Kumar earlier.       The ACP also concurred 4 with the view that only a dispute of civil nature has arisen and that a complaint be filed.   It appears that thereafter the matter was placed before the Additional DCP who also concurred with the   subsequent   view   that   no   case   is   made   out   against   the accused, vide his noting dated 07.08.2015.   That the said view was carried by the DCP/C and JCP/CR as well.   2.1 As the FIR was not registered against the accused for the offence under Section 420/34 IPC as alleged, respondent No. 1 herein approached the High Court by way of writ petition and prayed for the following reliefs: “1. Pass   appropriate   writ/order/direction   thereby ordering appropriate action to be taken against the erring police officers, including but not limited respondents No. 2 to 5, who are responsible for non­registration of the FIR in spite of a preliminary enquiry dated 20.5.2015 clearly submitting   a   finding   that   a   cognizable   offence   under Section 420/34 of IPC was made out against respondents no. 6 and 7. 2. Pass   appropriate   writ/order/direction   thereby quashing and declaring to be null and void the so­called second/subsequent   undated   report   of   preliminary enquiry, and the subsequent endorsements of the SHO, PS   Karol   Bagh   dated   16   July   2015,   the   undated 5 endorsement of the ACP (Karol Bagh Sub­Division) and the endorsement of DCP (Central) dated 7 August 2015 as the same are without any legal sanctity and have been created and  brought  into existence against the  settled provisions of law and without following due process of law   and   without   following   due   process   of   law   and   in contravention of the procedure laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme   Court   in   its   judgment   ‘Lalita   Kumari   vs. Government of U.P. 3. xxx xxx xxx 4. Pass   appropriate   writ/order/direction   thereby calling upon the office of the Commissioner of Police, New Delhi, to submit a report with respect to the relevant provisions of law under which his office has empowered the area ACP and DCP to approve registration of FIR, and upon submission of such a report, the vires and legality of the same be scrutinised as the same is in violation of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the procedural guidelines laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case ‘Lalita Kumar vs. Government of U.P. 5. Pass   appropriate   writ/order/direction   thereby directing the respondent no.  1 to hold an appropriate enquiry/investigation into the said circumstances under which   the   illegal   and   uncalled   for   second   line   of preliminary enquiry was initiated and carried out by the same officers, on the same facts and he may further be directed to submit a report of the said enquiry before this 6 Hon’ble   Court   and   take   appropriate   action   by   way   of registration   of   cases,   if   required,   and   take   all   other necessary and proper actions in the mater against the officials found guilty in the matter.” 2.2 That   the   aforesaid   prayers/reliefs   were   opposed   by   the appellants herein and respondent Nos. 2 and 3 herein.   It was submitted that the original complainant had earlier preferred an application under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C. which came to be rejected by the learned Magistrate, vide order dated 27.03.2015 and that the said order was not assailed by the complainant and thereafter a fresh private complaint under Section 200 Cr.P.C. has   been   preferred   which   is   pending   before   the   learned Magistrate.     It   was   also   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   original accused that the dispute is of a civil nature which is tried to be converted into criminal, which is nothing but an abuse of the process   of   law.       It   was   submitted   that   despite   having   the knowledge of the mortgage of the property with the Andhra Bank, thereafter the complainant himself had paid the mortgage money to the Andhra Bank and even got the sale deed executed in his favour.  It was submitted that if the complainant was aggrieved, 7 in that case, he would not have got the sale deed executed in his favour.   2.3 That, by the impugned judgment and order, the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has directed that the case be placed before the Commissioner of Police for taking an action against respondent Nos. 3 to 5 therein (who are appellant Nos. 3 to 5 herein) for taking a diametrically opposite view.   The High Court has also directed that the Commissioner of Police would be well advised to resort to course correction by directing that the earlier preliminary inquiry be taken to its logical conclusion and the steps in that regard by taken within two weeks.   The High Court   has   also   observed   that   the   complainant   shall   also   be entitled   to   costs   quantified   at   Rs.25,000/­   to   be   paid   by   the State.    3. We have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the parties at length.  We have also considered the material on record. 4. Having heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the parties at length and considering the material on record, we are of   the   opinion   that   the   criminal   proceedings   initiated   by 8 respondent No. 1 – original complainant is nothing but an abuse of the process of law for settling a civil dispute.   4.1 Even considering the nature of allegations in the complaint, we are of the firm opinion that no case is made out for taking cognizance of the offence under Section 420/34 IPC.   The case involves   a   civil   dispute   and   for   settling   a   civil   dispute,   the criminal complaint has been filed, which is nothing but an abuse of the process of law. 4.2 It is required to be noted that after having come to know that   the   property   was   mortgaged   with   the   Andhra   Bank,   the original complainant himself paid the mortgage money and got the mortgage redeemed.       Not only that, thereafter, he got the sale deed executed in his name.   Thereafter also, he filed the complaint   with   the   learned   Magistrate,   being   an   application under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C., which came to be rejected by the learned Magistrate, vide order dated 27.03.2015.   The said order   was   not   assailed   by   the   complainant.     It   appears   that thereafter he filed a private complaint under Section 200 Cr.P.C. which was pending before the learned Magistrate.   Despite the above, he filed a writ petition before the High Court, which is 9 nothing   but   an   abuse   of   the   process   of   law.     The   criminal proceedings have been initiated by the original complainant to settle the civil dispute.  Therefore, in the facts and circumstances of the case, the Investigating Officer and other police officers were justified   in   not   registering   the   FIR   and   in   coming   to   the conclusion that the complaint be filed.     The earlier opinion on preliminary inquiry was never placed before the DCP.  Thereafter, on thorough investigation/inquiry and considering the facts and circumstances   of  the   case  narrated  hereinabove,  when  it  was opined that the dispute between the parties is of a civil nature, the High Court ought not to have issued further directions.   The High Court ought to have closed the proceedings.  Not only the High Court has issued further directions, but even has imposed costs and an action against the appellants 3 to 5 herein which, in the facts and circumstances of the case, is not sustainable.   4.3 In view of the above and for the reasons stated above and as observed hereinabove the initiation of the criminal proceedings ,     by   the   original   complainant   is   nothing   but   an   abuse   of   the process of law, we not only quash and set aside the impugned judgment and order, but also quash the criminal proceedings 10 pending   before   the   learned   Magistrate   in   respect   of   the transaction in question.     Consequently, the present appeal is allowed,   the   impugned   judgment   and   order   dated   13.01.2017 passed by the High Court is hereby quashed and set aside.   Even the criminal proceedings initiated by the  original complainant pending   before   the   learned   Magistrate   in   respect   of   the transaction in question are hereby quashed and set aside.   ..................................J. (ARUN MISHRA) ...................................J. (S. ABDUL NAZEER) New Delhi                                              ...................................J. August 08, 2019                                    (M. R. SHAH)