VARIMADUGU OBI REDDY vs. B. SREENIVASULU

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 16-11-2022

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).  8470   OF 2022      (Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) No(s).30038 of 2019) VARIMADUGU OBI REDDY             ….APPELLANT(S) VERSUS B. SREENIVASULU & ORS.       ….RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T Rastogi, J. 1. Leave granted.  2. The instant appeal has been preferred at the instance of the auction   purchaser   (appellant   herein)   assailing   the   impugned th judgment and order dated 20  November, 2019 passed by the High Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Jayant Kumar Arora Date: 2022.11.16 17:55:46 IST Reason: Court for the State of Telangana at Hyderabad setting aside the e­ auction sale held by the respondent Bank (secured creditor) under 1 the provisions of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (hereinafter being referred to as the “SARFAESI Act, 2002”). 3. The relevant facts in brief to appreciate the controversy are that   respondent   nos.1­3   have   availed   three   loan   facilities   vide Mortgage Loan of Rs.10 lakhs, Cash Credit Loan of Rs.8 lakhs and Car   Loan   of   Rs.8   lakhs   from   the   respondent   Bank   (secured creditor)   after   executing   necessary   security   documents. Respondent No.4 herein stood as guarantor and created equitable mortgage   over   her   immovable   property   as   security   for   due repayment of the said loan amount.  4. After   availing   the   above   loan   facilities,   the   respondent borrowers have committed default in repaying the outstanding loan amount and have also failed to pay the interest accrued to the loan accounts from time to time. Finally, the loan accounts have been th classified   as   Non­Performing   Assets   (NPAs)   on   30   September, 2012 and in furtherance, the respondent Bank initiated recovery proceedings under the provisions of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 and th   issued demand notice dated 15 November, 2012 calling upon the 2 respondent   borrowers/guarantor   to   repay   and   discharge   the outstanding loan amount with interest and costs within 60 days. After following the procedure as contemplated under the provisions th of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 and Rules made thereunder, on 14 February,   2013,   the   respondent   Bank   published   a   possession notice   in   the   daily   newspapers   under   Section   13(4)   of   the SARFAESI   Act,   2002   and   obtained   the   order   from   the   District rd Collector on 23   June, 2013 to take physical possession of the scheduled property from the respondent borrowers/ guarantor and hand over to the respondent Bank (secured creditor). 5.  These proceedings came to be challenged by the respondent borrowers   by   filing   a   Securitization   Application   (SA)   before   the Debts Recovery Tribunal which finally came to be dismissed by the th Tribunal by order dated 12   December, 2014 and it is on record th that   no   appeal   was   preferred   against   the   order   dated   12 December, 2014 passed by the Debts Recovery Tribunal and that became final. th 6. After   taking   possession   of   the   mortgaged   property,   on   29 November, 2014, the respondent Bank (secured creditor) issued a 3 notice   prior   to   e­auction   to   the   respondent   borrowers   after obtaining   valuation   of   the   subject   property   from   an   approved valuer   in   terms   of   Rules   8(5)   and   8(6)  of   the   Security   Interest (Enforcement)   Rules,   2002   (hereinafter   being   referred   to   as  the “Rules, 2002”) calling upon the borrowers/guarantor to repay the outstanding   loan   amount   as   demanded.   When   the   respondent borrowers/guarantor   failed   to   respond,   the   respondent   bank proceeded   further   and   issued   e­auction   sale   notice   dated th 25   February,   2015   fixing   the   date   of   auction   of   the   schedule th property   on   28   March,   2015   and   the   said   notice   was   widely published in Indian Express (English) and Eenadu (Telugu) daily th newspapers dated 26  February, 2015. 7. That the aforesaid e­auction sale notice came to be challenged by the respondent borrowers before the Debts Recovery Tribunal th and by  an  interim   order  dated  26   March,   2015,  the   Tribunal directed the respondent Bank (secured creditor) to proceed with the th auction sale of the secured asset scheduled on 28   March, 2015 with a further direction not to issue the sale certificate provided the respondent borrowers deposits Rs.6 lakhs within 15 days from the 4 date of  the   said  order.   It  was  made  clear   that  in  the  event of respondent   borrowers   fail   to   deposit   the   said   amount,   the respondent Bank will be at liberty to issue the sale certificate in favour of the highest bidder. It is not disputed that in terms of the interim order passed by the Tribunal, the respondent borrowers th had to deposit Rs.6 lakhs by 9  April, 2015 but failed to deposit the said amount and at this stage, the respondent borrowers filed th an application on 9   April, 2015 seeking extension of further 15 th days’ time from 10   April, 2015 to deposit the amount of Rs.6 th lakhs and the Tribunal by an order dated 17  April, 2015 granted extension of 15 days’ time to deposit the sum of Rs.6 lakhs with direction   to   the   respondent   Bank   (secured   creditor)   and   the respondent borrowers to maintain status­quo. 8. The fact to be noticed at this stage is that since the dispute was on­going before the Tribunal and the respondent borrowers have failed to comply with the interim order of the Tribunal dated th 26   March, 2015 to deposit Rs.6 lakhs within 15 days from the th date of passing of the order by 10   April, 2015, the respondent Bank (secured creditor) proceeded with the auction sale pursuant 5 th to the e­auction sale notice dated 25  February, 2015 in terms of liberty granted by the Tribunal.  9. The   present   appellant   had   initially   deposited   the   earnest th money   of   Rs.5,54,000/­   on   26   March,   2015   and   after   being declared the highest bidder with an offer of Rs.64,23,000/, further deposited a sum of Rs.10,51,750/­ which comes to Rs.16,05,750/ i.e. 25% of the total auction price and the balance 75% of the bid th amount i.e. Rs.48,17,250/­ was deposited by the appellant on 15 April,   2015   and   sale   certificate   was   issued   in   favour   of   the appellant (auction purchaser).  It is to be noticed that the day when th the order came to be passed by the Tribunal on 17   April, 2015 granting   further   extension   of   15   days’   time   to   the   respondent borrowers   to   deposit   a   sum   of   Rs.6   lakhs,   auction   sale   was th finalised and sale certificate dated 15   April, 2015 was issued in favour of the appellant (auction purchaser).  10. Respondent  borrowers   raised  two  primary  objections   before the   Tribunal   that   there   was   an   error   in   the   description   of mortgaged property indicated in the e­auction sale notice dated th 25   February,   2015   and   to   be   more   specific,   the   scheduled 6 rd   property   bearing   Door   No.12­3­39,   3 Cross,   Sai   Nagar, Ananthapuramu was mortgaged as a security for the aforesaid loan while in the e­auction sale notice, the property was described as Door No.”12­3­393” instead of “12­3­39”   and   this, according to the respondent borrowers was the manifest error committed by the respondent   Bank   and   because   of   the   wrong   description   of   the property put to auction, that property could not have fetched the value which it ought to have fetched in the course of business. 11. In   addition,   further   objection   raised   by   the   respondent borrowers was that in terms of Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002, the auction price was to be deposited by the auction purchaser within th   15 days which expired on 10 April, 2015 but it was admittedly th deposited by the auction purchaser (appellant) on 15  April, 2015 which   is   in   clear   breach   of   Rule   9(4)   of   the   Rules   2002,   in consequence   thereof,   the   e­auction   sale   notice   and   all   further proceedings initiated pursuant thereto deserve to be declared null and void. 12. The   contentions   were   repelled   by   the   Tribunal   and   the Tribunal   dismissed   the   applications   filed   by   the   respondent 7 borrowers.  Although it was an appealable order before the Debts Recovery   Appellate   Tribunal,   still   the   respondent   borrowers approached the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution and the Division Bench of the High Court reversed the findings returned by the Tribunal on the premise that there was an error in the description of the scheduled property in e­auction sale notice th dated 25  February, 2015 and that was considered to be a serious infirmity in the process and cannot be sanctified and further held that   since   the   appellant   (auction   purchaser)   failed   to   deposit balance 75% of the bid amount within the stipulated time of 15 th days which ought to have been deposited by him on or before 10 th April, 2015, that admittedly deposited by him on 15  April, 2015, is in clear breach of Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002 and accordingly, set aside all the proceedings initiated from the stage of Section 13(2)   of   the   SARFAESI   Act,   2002   till   the   delivery   of   physical possession   of   the   scheduled   property   to   the   auction   purchaser rd (appellant)   by   the   respondent   Bank   by   an   order   dated   23 November, 2018, which is the subject matter of challenge before us. 8 13. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that so far as the description of the scheduled property put to auction is concerned, from the stage when the initial notice was issued by the respondent Bank (secured creditor) under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, the mortgaged property was described as “Door No.12­3­ 393” instead of “Door No.12­3­39”, but it was never the case of the respondent borrowers either before the Tribunal or before the High Court that the description in the e­auction sale notice indicating the boundaries, measurement, ward number, block number, TS number and extent of land, etc. left any ambiguity or confusion in the minds of the participants in the e­auction bid and it was also not the case of the respondent borrowers that there is some other property in the locality/vicinity with the number as indicated in the e­auction sale notice i.e. “12­3­393”. Thus, in the given facts and circumstances, merely because there appears to be a typographical inadvertent human error in reference to door number of the subject property   may   not   leave   ambiguity   with   regard   to   mortgaged property   put   to   auction   and   this   typographical   error   is 9 inconsequential and does not vitiate the e­auction sale proceedings th held on 28  March, 2015.  14. So far as the non­compliance of Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002 is concerned, learned counsel for the appellant submits that during pendency of e­auction proceedings initiated pursuant to e­auction th sale notice dated 25   February, 2015, the sale of the scheduled th   property was to be held on 28 March, 2015 and the said notice was published in Indian Express (English) and Eenadu (Telugu) th daily newspapers dated 26  February, 2015 and this process was initiated after giving full opportunity and notice to the respondent borrowers   in   compliance   of   Rule   8(6)   of   Rules,   2002   and   the appellant was held to be the highest bidder and auction bid was much higher than the reserve price indicated in the e­auction sale notice which was Rs.64,23,000/­ and he has complied with all the conditions of e­auction sale notice. 15. Learned counsel submits that the appellant was ready and th willing to deposit the balance of 75% of auction bid before 11 April, 2015 but because of the intervention made by the Tribunal that created confusion in the mind of the appellant and for the 10 aforesaid reason, delay of four days was caused in depositing the th balance 75% of the bid amount which was deposited on 15  April, 2015 and the time under Rule 9(4) of Rules, 2002 is not that sacrosanct. This fact has not been noticed by the High Court and in the given circumstances, the finding recorded by the High Court in the impugned judgment, is not sustainable in law and deserves to be set aside. 16. Learned   counsel   further   submits   that   the   conduct   of   the respondent borrowers is equally to be looked into for the reason that when the e­auction sale notice came to be published by the respondent   Bank,   simultaneously,   application   was   filed   by   the rd respondent borrowers before the Tribunal on 23  March, 2015 and th   interim order was passed by the Tribunal on 26 March, 2015 to see the bonafides of the respondent borrowers, they were directed to deposit Rs.6 lakhs within 15 days from the date of order but admittedly, the respondent borrowers have failed to deposit with the respondent Bank and sought further time to deposit, on which th order came to be passed on 17   April, 2015 and they are only interested   to   nullify   the   e­auction   proceedings   initiated   by   the 11 respondent Bank either by taking legal recourse or by any other mechanism, which is possible under the law and after failed to deposit the amount as directed by the Tribunal at least, they are not entitled to seek any indulgence from the High Court in the writ jurisdiction   filed   at   their   instance   under   Article   226   of   the Constitution. 17. Per   contra,   learned   counsel   for   the   respondents,   while supporting the finding returned by the High Court submits that once the appellant has failed to deposit the balance 75% of the bid th amount by 11  April, 2015, which was the deadline in terms of e­ auction   sale   notice   published   by   the   respondent   Bank   and admittedly 75% of the bid amount was deposited by the appellant th on 15  April, 2015 which is in violation of Rule 9(4) of Rules, 2002 and that itself is sufficient to nullify the e­auction sale initiated by the respondent Bank and in support of his submission, placed reliance on the judgement of this Court in  General Manager, Sri Siddeshwara Cooperative Bank Limited and Another vs. Ikbal 12 1 and Others .   Para 14 of the judgment is relevant for the purpose and is extracted below:­
“14.A reading of sub­rule (1) of Rule 9 makes it manifest that the
provision is mandatory. The plain language of Rule 9(1) suggests
this. Similarly, Rule 9(3) which provides that the purchaser shall
pay a deposit of 25% of the amount of the sale price on the sale of
immovable property also indicates that the said provision is
mandatory in nature. As regards balance amount of purchase
price, sub­rule (4) provides that the said amount shall be paid by
the purchaser on or before the fifteenth day of confirmation of sale
of immovable property or such extended period as may be agreed
upon in writing between the parties. The period of fifteen days in
Rule 9(4) is not that sacrosanct and it is extendable if there is a
written agreement between the parties for such extension. What is
the meaning of the expression “written agreement between the
parties” in Rule 9(4)? The 2002 Rules do not prescribe any
particular form for such agreement except that it must be in
writing. The use of the term “written agreement” means a mutual
understanding or an arrangement about relative rights and duties
by the parties. For the purposes of Rule 9(4), the expression
“written agreement” means nothing more than a manifestation of
mutual assent in writing. The word “parties” for the purposes of
Rule 9(4) we think must mean the secured creditor, borrower and
auction­purchaser.”
18. Learned counsel for the respondent borrowers further submits that   description   of   the   scheduled   property   has   also   created   a confusion in the minds of the participants in the e­auction sale notice and in support thereof, submits that when the property was mortgaged   and   security   interest   was   created,   the   value   of   the property   assessed   was   much   higher   in   value   than   what   being indicated   as   the   reserve   price   by   the   respondent   bank   in   the 1 (2013) 10 SCC 83 13 e­auction sale notice pursuant to which the auction proceedings were initiated and because of the wrong description of the property put to auction, certainly inference can be drawn that property could not have fetched the value it ought to have fetched and that is the reason the High Court has interfered with and set aside the notice under   Section   13(2)   of   the   SARFAESI   Act,   2002   and   all   other consequential proceedings initiated by the respondent Bank, and therefore, needs no further interference of this Court. 19. Learned counsel for the  respondent  Bank  (secured creditor) has raised an objection that order of the Tribunal was appealable order before the Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal under Section 18   of   the   SARFAESI   Act,   2002   and   the   petition   filed   by   the respondent borrowers directly before the High Court against the order of the Tribunal was not maintainable and for the delay in depositing the balance 75% of the bid amount, respondent Bank has tendered  a reasonable  justification and  also filed a  counter affidavit before this Court wherein, it has specifically stated that though the auction purchaser was ready to pay the balance of 75% of the bid amount on time, it is the respondent Bank who requested 14 the auction purchaser to wait for some time because the respondent borrowers were negotiating with the Bank at that point of time in th light of the interim order dated 26   March, 2015 passed by the Tribunal and that was the reason for which the delay of four days was caused in depositing the balance 75% of the bid amount, which th ought to have been paid by 11  April, 2015 but actually deposited th by 15  April, 2015. 20. Learned counsel for the respondent Bank further submits that the auction proceedings were initiated under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 in reference to the scheduled property and although there was a factual inadvertent error indicated in the door number in the notice issued under Sections 13(2) and 13(4) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 mentioned as “Plot No.65” with the schedule of property   with   boundaries,   ward   number,   block   number,   T.S. number,   etc.,   there   is   no   door   number   existing   in   the locality/vicinity as “Door No.12­3­393”, but no prejudice has been caused   to   the   respondent   borrowers   that   vitiate   the   auction proceedings   and   further   submits   that   after   depositing   75%   of th auction bid amount on 15  April, 2015, sale certificate was issued 15 and   possession   was   later   transferred   to   the   auction   purchaser (appellant   herein).   In   the   given   facts   and   circumstances, interference made by the High court was not valid and deserves to be interfered by this Court.  21. To complete the facts, learned counsel for the respondent Bank th further submits that on 15  April, 2015 after receiving the complete bid amount of Rs.64,23,000/­ the value of property under e­auction and after adjustments of the outstanding loan accounts and other ancillary   charges,   the   surplus   amount   remain   payable   to   the borrowers of Rs.16,30,000/­ which was offered to the respondent borrowers and since they failed to accept the balance amount, it was accordingly kept in FDR and at present, the aforesaid amount is lying in FDR and with accumulation of interest, the said amount has   come   to   approximately   Rs.18.80   lakhs,   which   is   due   and payable to the respondent borrowers and it can be transferred to the borrowers/guarantor in compliance of the order of this Court.  22. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and with their assistance perused the material available on record. 16 23. The indisputed facts which manifest from the record are that the   respondent   borrowers   availed   three   loan   facilities   from   the respondent Bank (secured creditor) to the tune of Rs.26 lakhs after executing necessary security documents.  Respondent no.4 stood as guarantor   and   created   equitable   mortgage   over   her   immovable property as security for due payment of the said loan amounts. The property is a residential building of 266 sq. yards of land.   The description of the property mortgaged can be identified from the notice issued in the first instance under Section 13(2) of the Act as follows:­
Borrowers Names &<br>Addresses (1)Properties under<br>Mortgage (2)Guarantors<br>Name &<br>Addresses (3)Outstanding<br>amount due
1)Sri Bandi Srinivasulu,<br>S/o Late B. Narasimhulu<br>2) Smt. Bandi Swarna<br>Latha, W/o B. Srinivasulu,<br>D.No.12­3­393, 3rd Cross,<br>Sai Nagar, Anantapur<br>A/C. Nos.31758622533;<br>32344540051;<br>31684374998Property situated in<br>the RD and SRD of<br>Anantapur and within<br>the Anantapur<br>Municipal Limits.<br>Ward No.4, Block<br>No.18, T.S.<br>No.2005,Paiki Ac. 0.05<br>Cents, Plot No.65.<br>Present Door No.12­3­<br>393, Assessment<br>No.1001035935<br>Measurements: East<br>West: 33 Ft and North<br>South:66 Ft.;<br>Boundaries: East: Plot<br>of Pushpavathamma;<br>West: House of<br>Yaganti; North: Road;Smt. Bandi<br>Jaya<br>Lakshmamma,<br>W/o Late B.<br>Narasimhulu,<br>D.No.12­3­393,<br>3rd Cross, Sai<br>Nagar,<br>Anantapur.24,87,616.00 as<br>on 08.11.2012 +<br>future interest &<br>expenses.
17
South: Plot of<br>Pushpavathamma.
Place: Anantapur<br>Date: 05­12­2012Sd/­ Authorised Officer,<br>State Bank of India, Gandhi Bazar<br>Branch
24. On account of default, the loan amounts of the respondent borrowers were classified as Non­Performing Assets (NPAs) and the th bank issued a demand notice dated 15   November, 2012 under Section 13(2) of the Act which later came to be published in Hindu th (English) and Eenadu (Telugu) daily newspapers on 5  December, th 2012 and later possession notice dated 14  February, 2013 came to   be   published   in   Hindu   (English)   and   Eenadu   (Telugu)   daily th newspapers on 20  February, 2013 and after initiating proceedings under Section 14 of the Act, the respondent Bank took possession of the scheduled property under the orders of the District Collector rd from the respondent borrowers on 23  June, 2013.   25. At this stage, the proceedings initiated by the respondent bank came to be assailed by the respondent borrowers before the Debts Recovery Tribunal of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad under Section 17(1) of the Act.  It may be relevant to note that in the description of the property under Sections 13(2) and 13(4) of the Act, door 18 number indicated was “12­3­393” in place of “12­3­39” and this question   about   the   alleged   error   in   the   door   number   of   the mortgaged   property   was   available   to   the   borrowers   in   the   first round of litigation before the Tribunal, if at all, it has any material bearing in reference to the proceedings initiated by the respondent Bank   (secured   creditor),   but   the   proceedings   initiated   at   the instance of the respondent borrowers before the Tribunal came to th be dismissed by a judgment dated 12   December, 2014 and no further   appeal   was   preferred   and   accordingly   it   has   attained finality.   26. The e­auction notice came to be published by the respondent th Bank   on   25   February,   2015   fixing   the   date   of   auction   as th 28   March,   2015   with   a   reserve   price   of   Rs.55,33,000/­   and e­auction notice was widely published in Indian Express (English) th and Eenadu (Telugu) daily newspapers dated 26  February, 2015.   27. That e­auction notice came to the challenged by the respondent borrowers in the fresh proceedings instituted before the Tribunal rd on 23  March, 2015.   Pursuant thereto, interim order came to be th passed by the Tribunal on 26  March, 2015 with a direction that 19 the sale certificate shall not be issued in favour of the highest bidder   provided   the   borrower   deposit   a   sum   of   Rs.6   lakhs. Relevant extract of the order of the Tribunal is quoted below:­   “The   Respondent   Bank   is   hereby   permitted   to   proceed   with   the auction sale of the schedule property on 28.03.2015 in pursuance of the Auction Notice dt. 25.02.2015 and however the Respondent Bank is hereby directed not to issue the sale certificate in favour of the highest   bidder   in   the   auction   subject   to   the   condition   that   the Applicant   shall   deposit   a   sum   of   Rs.6.00   lakhs   directly   with   the Respondent Bank within 15 days from today. It is made clear that in the event the Applicant fails to deposit the amount, as stated supra, the Respondent Bank shall be at liberty to issue the sale certificate in favour of the highest bidder in the auction and such sale shall be subject to the result of the above SA.” 28. In terms of the aforesaid order, respondent borrowers were to th deposit the sum of Rs.6 lakhs on or before 9   April, 2015, but admittedly, the borrowers failed to deposit the aforesaid amount th and on the said date i.e. 9  April, 2015 I.A. No.1687 of 2015 came to filed before the Tribunal seeking extension of time period by another 15 days to deposit the sum of Rs.6 lakhs and extension of 15 days’ time was granted by the Tribunal to deposit the sum of th Rs.6 lakhs to the borrowers by an order dated 17   April, 2015. th The   extract   of   the   order   dated   17   April,   2015   is   reproduced hereinbelow: 20 “The Applicant is hereby directed to deposit the said sum of Rs.6.00 lakhs into the ‘interest bearing no­lien account’ with the Respondent Bank within 15 days from 10.04.2015, as sought by the Applicant, and accordingly, the Respondent Bank and the Auction Purchaser are hereby directed to maintain status­quo. Accordingly, the present IA is disposed of.” 29.   It may be relevant to note that in the interregnum period, since   the   respondent   Bank   (secured   creditor)   was   permitted   to proceed with the auction proceedings, appellant deposited initially the   earnest   money   of   Rs.5,54,000/­   for   participating   in   the th proposed  e­auction sale on 26  March, 2015 and after the auction purchaser was declared as the highest bidder with the offer of Rs.64,23,000/­,   further   sum   of   Rs.10,51,750/­   totalling Rs.16,05,750/­   was   deposited   (25%   of   Rs.64,23,000/­)   on th 28  March, 2015. 30. In terms of Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002, the balance 75% of the bid   amount   being   Rs.48,17,250/­   was   to   be   deposited   by   the th appellant auction purchaser on or before 11  April, 2015, but prior thereto, an application was filed by the respondent borrowers on th 9   April, 2015 seeking extension of time and as the matter was sub­judice before the Tribunal, the balance 75% of the bid amount th could not  have  been  deposited  on  11   April,  2015,  but it was 21 th deposited   by   the   appellant   on   15   April,   2015   and   the   sale certificate was issued in favour of auction purchasers and as there was factual error in the door number of the subject property, which was indicated as “12­3­393” instead of “12­3­39”, rectification deed st dated 21  April, 2015 was executed with the correct description of the scheduled property.    31. That since the respondent borrowers failed to deposit a sum of th Rs.6 lakhs in the extended period granted by an order dated 17 st April, 2015, the Tribunal by its order dated 1  May, 2015 granted th further time to the respondent borrowers till 10   May, 2015 to deposit the amount of Rs.6 lakhs, but by that time the auction th proceedings were finalised and the sale certificate dated 15  April, 2015 was duly registered and the physical possession of scheduled rd property was handed over to the appellant on 23  November, 2018. The Tribunal, after taking into consideration the so­called alleged description of mortgaged property in reference to which there was great emphasis that Door No.“12­3­393” was mentioned instead of “12­3­39” and so also the breach of Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002, 22 the Debts Recovery Tribunal dismissed the application by an order st dated 1  August, 2019.    st 32. The   order   of   the   Tribunal   dated   1   August,   2019   was   an appealable order under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 and in the ordinary course of business, the borrowers/person aggrieved was supposed to avail the statutory remedy of appeal which the law provides under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act, 2002 in the absence of efficacious alternative remedy being availed, there was no reasonable justification tendered by the respondent borrowers in approaching the High Court and filing writ application assailing st order of the Tribunal dated 1  August, 2019 under its jurisdiction under   Article   226   of   the   Constitution   without   exhausting   the statutory right of appeal available at its command.   33. This   Court   in   the   judgment   in   United   Bank   of   India   vs. 2 was concerned with the argument Satyawati Tondon & Others of alternative remedy provided under the SARFAESI Act, 2002 and dealing with the argument of alternative remedy, this Court had observed that where an effective remedy is available to an aggrieved 2 (2010) 8 SCC 110 23 person, the High Court ordinarily must insist that before availing the remedy under Article 226 of the Constitution, the alternative remedy available under the relevant statute must be exhausted. Paras 43, 44 and 45 of the said judgment are relevant for the purpose and are extracted below: 
“43.Unfortunately, the High Court overlooked the settled law that
the High Court will ordinarily not entertain a petition under Article
226 of the Constitution if an effective remedy is available to the
aggrieved person and that this rule applies with greater rigour in
matters involving recovery of taxes, cess, fees, other types of public
money and the dues of banks and other financial institutions. In
our view, while dealing with the petitions involving challenge to the
action taken for recovery of the public dues, etc. the High Court
must keep in mind that the legislations enacted by Parliament and
State Legislatures for recovery of such dues are a code unto
themselves inasmuch as they not only contain comprehensive
procedure for recovery of the dues but also envisage constitution of
quasi­judicial bodies for redressal of the grievance of any aggrieved
person. Therefore, in all such cases, the High Court must insist
that before availing remedy under Article 226 of the Constitution, a
person must exhaust the remedies available under the relevant
statute.
44.While expressing the aforesaid view, we are conscious that the
powers conferred upon the High Court under Article 226 of the
Constitution to issue to any person or authority, including in
appropriate cases, any Government, directions, orders or writs
including the five prerogative writs for the enforcement of any of
the rights conferred by Part III or for any other purpose are very
wide and there is no express limitation on exercise of that power
but, at the same time, we cannot be oblivious of the rules of self­
imposed restraint evolved by this Court, which every High Court is
bound to keep in view while exercising power under Article 226 of
the Constitution.
45.It is true that the rule of exhaustion of alternative remedy is a
rule of discretion and not one of compulsion, but it is difficult to
fathom any reason why the High Court should entertain a petition
filed under Article 226 of the Constitution and pass interim order
24
ignoring the fact that the petitioner can avail effective alternative
remedy by filing application, appeal, revision, etc. and the
particular legislation contains a detailed mechanism for redressal
of his grievance.”
34.      In the instant case, although the respondent borrowers initially   approached   the   Debts   Recovery   Tribunal   by   filing   an application under Section   17 of the   SARFAESI Act, 2002, but the order of the Tribunal indeed was appealable under Section 18 of the Act subject to the compliance of condition of pre­deposit and without   exhausting   the   statutory   remedy   of   appeal,   the respondent borrowers approached the High Court by filing the writ application under Article 226 of the Constitution. We deprecate such   practice   of   entertaining   the   writ   application   by   the   High Court   in   exercise   of   jurisdiction   under   Article   226   of   the Constitution without exhausting the alternative statutory remedy available under the law.   This circuitous route appears to have been adopted to avoid the condition of pre­deposit contemplated nd under 2  proviso to Section 18 of the Act 2002.  35. The High Court under the impugned judgment has non­suited the   present   appellant   (auction   purchaser)   on   the   premise   that there is an error in the description of the door number of the 25 property and instead of “12­3­39”, it was indicated as “12­3­393”, although there was no error in the description of the property rather the dimensions with measurement and boundaries were properly indicated of the mortgaged property and on the premise that Rule 9(4) of the Rules has not been followed by the appellants by depositing 75% of the bid amount which ought to have been th th deposited by 11   April, 2015, instead it was deposited on 15 April, 2015. 36.   We find substance in the submissions made by the learned counsel for the appellant for the reason that so far as the error in the description of door number of the property is concerned, which admittedly indicated throughout as “12­3­393” instead of “12­3­ 39”, but the fact is that the description of the mortgaged property from the commencement of the proceedings under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, due to human error instead of “12­3­39”, door number was indicated as “12­3­393”, but admittedly the fact is that there is no such property available in the locality/vicinity with Door no.”12­3­393” and as full description of the mortgaged property   was   mentioned/indicated,   although   there   was   a 26 typographical   error,   but   the   respondent   borrowers   failed   to demonstrate   any   prejudice   being   caused   on   account   of   the inadvertent error being caused in description of the mortgaged property. At the same time, the borrower failed to demonstrate that because of a typographical inadvertent error in door number, as indicated above, the property could not have fetched the value as   it   ought   to   have   fetched   and   that   apart,   there   was   no documentary evidence placed on record to substantiate the kind of prejudice, if any, being caused. 37. It is true that the secured creditor is under an obligation to undertake   the   exercise   and   cross­check   the   description   of   the mortgaged   property   at   the   stage   when   the   initial   proceedings under   Section   13(2)  are  initiated   or   in   the   later   consequential proceedings, but at the same time, mere typographical error due to   inadvertence   which   has   not   caused   any   prejudice   to   the borrowers, that in itself could not be considered to be the ground to annul the process held by the secured creditor which, in our view, is in due compliance with the requirement as contemplated under   the   provisions   of   Rules,   2002   and   this   was   extensively 27 considered by the Tribunal and that apart, it is not the case of the respondents   that   participants   in   e­auction   sale   are   misguided because of the error in description of the property put to auction and   when   there   is   no   ambiguity   with   regard   to   the   detailed description   of   the   mortgaged   property   put   to   auction,   mere mentioning of the door number “12­3­393” instead of “12­3­39” is inconsequential and does not vitiate the auction proceedings held th on 28  March, 2015. 38. So far as the second objection raised by the respondent, which prevailed upon before the High Court regarding the breach of Rule 9(4) of Rules, 2002 is concerned, it will be apposite to note Rules 9(4) and 9(5) of the Rules 2002 (pre­amended) which reads as under: “ 9.   Time   of   sale,   issues   of   sale   certificate   and   delivery   of possession, etc.­ ……. (4) The balance amount of purchase price payable shall be paid by the purchaser to the authorised officer on or before the fifteenth day of confirmation of sale of the immovable property or such extended period as may be agreed upon in writing between the parties. (5) In default of payment within the period mentioned in sub­rule (4), the deposit shall be forfeited and the property shall be resold and the defaulting purchaser shall forfeit all claim to the property or to any part of the sum for which it may be subsequently sold. ……..”. 28 39.   It will be relevant to note that amendment was made in Rule 9(4) and Rule 9(5) of the Rules, 2002 of which reference has been rd made by GSR No.1046(E) dated 3  November, 2016 effective from th 4  November, 2016 and it reads as under: “ 9.   Time   of   sale,   issue   of   sale   certificate   and   delivery   of possession, etc.­ ……. (4) The balance amount of purchase price payable shall be paid by the purchaser to the authorised officer on or before the fifteenth day  of confirmation of sale of the immovable property  or such extended period [as may be agreed upon in writing between the purchaser and the secured creditor, in any case not exceeding three months].  (5) In default of payment within the period mentioned in sub­rule (4), the deposit shall be forfeited [to the secured creditor] and the property shall be resold and the defaulting purchaser shall forfeit all claim to the property or to any part of the sum for which it may be subsequently sold. ……..”. 40. It clearly manifests that the pre­amended Rule 9(4) refers to the period of 15 days for confirmation of sale or such extended period, but the outer limit has not been defined and that appears to be not as sacrosanct and the period can be extended, as agreed upon in writing between the parties. In sequel thereto, if the time stands extended, the auction purchaser would not be considered 29 to be a defaulter as referred to under Rule 9(5) of the Rules and if the amended provisions are being taken note of, of which reference th has been made, effective from 4  November, 2016, however, may not be relevant as the auction in the instant case was held in March 2015, but the fact remains that by an amendment, the legislature with its consciousness has clarified that the agreement has   to   be   between   the   purchaser   and   the   secured   creditor exceeding 15 days but in any case may not exceed three months although who are the parties to the agreement are not clear in the pre­amended Rule 9(4) of the Rules.    41. This Court, while examining the pre­amended Scheme of Rule 9(4)   in   judgment   in   General   Manager,   Sri   Siddeshwara Cooperative   Bank   Limited   (supra)   was   of   the   view   that   the period which is referred to in Rule 9(4) is not that sacrosanct and may   be   extended   if   there   is   a   written   agreement   between   the parties and since parties to the written agreement is not defined in Rule 9(4), this Court was of the view that it covers into its fold the secured creditor, the auction purchaser and  the borrower, but later the legislature taking into consideration the judgment of this 30 Court   made   its   intention   clear   by   making   an   appropriate amendment in Rule 9(4) of the Rules, 2002 which came into effect rd th by   a   notification   dated   3   November,   2016   effective   from   4 November, 2016.    42. In the instant case, although there was no written consent by all the three partners, namely, secured creditors, borrowers and auction purchaser, as being referred to by this Court in  General (supra), Manager, Sri Siddeshwara Cooperative Bank Limited  but this fact cannot be ruled out that in the instant case, the peculiar   situation   has   come   forward   when   the   respondent borrowers in the first instance approached the Tribunal assailing the   e­auction   notice   issued   by   the   respondent   Bank   (secured creditor)   and   were   able   to   secure   an   interim   order   from   the th Tribunal   dated   26   March,   2015   permitting   the   auction proceedings to continue, subject to the condition that the borrower shall deposit Rs.6 lakhs directly with the respondent Bank within th 15 days from the date of order, which admittedly expired on 9 April, 2015 and the respondent borrowers failed to deposit the aforesaid amount. 31 th 43. On the last date when the period was to expire on 9   April, 2015, I.A. No.1687 of 2015 was filed seeking extension of time period by 15 days for depositing the sum of Rs.6 lakhs and as there was no stay in withholding the e­auction proceedings, the appellant deposited not only the earnest money but 25% of the bid th amount in the first instance on 28  March, 2015, the balance 75% th of  the   bid   amount  was   deposited   on  15   April,   2015   and  the interregnum period was in incomplete phase of flux as to what will be the fate of the auction purchaser pending proceedings before the   Tribunal,   more   so   when   the   application   was   filed   by   the th respondent borrowers on 9  April, 2015 seeking extension of time and that being the situation, 75% of the bid amount was deposited th on   15   April,   2015   and   sale   certificate   was   issued   and   still thereafter when the Tribunal granted extension of 15 days’ of time th to the respondent borrowers by an order dated 17  April, 2015 to deposit the sum of Rs.6 lakhs, the respondent borrowers failed to deposit the aforesaid amount and as it reveals from the record, a further time was granted to the respondent borrowers to deposit a st sum of Rs.6 lakhs by an order dated 1   May, 2015 and much 32 before that, the auction proceedings were finalised and even the st rectification deed came to be executed on 21  April, 2015.    44. In  the  given facts   and  circumstances,   the  four   days’  delay which was caused in terms of the original auction notice, in no manner, would frustrate or annul the auction proceedings and the Debts Recovery Tribunal has rightly held that because in such state   of   flux,   particularly   when   the   bank/secured   creditor requested the auction purchaser to wait for some time because the borrowers are negotiating with the bank in the light of interim th order dated 26  March, 2015 of the Tribunal, delay in depositing 75% of the bid amount by four days in no manner would frustrate the rights of the parties inter se, more so, when the conduct of the borrowers in getting extension orders on two different occasions and still not depositing Rs.6 lakhs in terms of the order of the Tribunal would clearly reflect that the intention of the borrowers was only to frustrate the auction sale by one reason or the other, which they could not succeed.   45. In our considered view, the finding returned by the Tribunal was well reasoned and duly supported with the material on record 33 and the interference made by the High Court under the impugned judgment while recording a finding that it was in breach of Rule 9(4)   of   the   Rules,   2002   is   not   legally   sustainable   in   law   and deserves to be set aside.  46. Before we finally conclude, it is brought to our notice that after sale of property under e­auction, the respondent Bank received a total sum of Rs.64,23,000/­ and after due adjustment of the three NPA accounts of the respondent borrowers with other ancillary charges,   a   balance   sum   of   Rs.16,30,000/­   is   lying   with   the respondent bank and the said amount has been deposited by the bank in FDRs and with accumulation of interest, the said amount has come to approx. Rs.18,80,000/­. We make it clear that the original sum of Rs.16,30,000/­ with interest yielded over the said amount   upto   date   shall   be   transferred   to   the   account   of   the borrower/guarantors,   as   the   case   may   be,   with   their   written consent as to in whose account the money is to be transferred. The   bank   shall   transfer   the   money   in   the   account   of borrower/guarantor within eight weeks. 34 47. Consequently,   the   appeal   deserves   to   succeed   and   is accordingly allowed. The judgment impugned of the High Court th dated 20  November, 2019 is hereby quashed and set aside with the aforesaid observations.  48.  There shall be no order as to costs. 49. Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of. …………………………….J. (AJAY RASTOGI) …………………………….J. (C.T. RAVIKUMAR) NEW DELHI; NOVEMBER 16, 2022. 35