MOHD ZAHID vs. STATE, THROUGH NCB

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 07-12-2021

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1457 OF 2021 Mohd Zahid         ..Appellant(S) VERSUS State through NCB      ..Respondent(S) J U D G M E N T  M. R. Shah, J. 1. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment and order dated 31.03.2017 passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Criminal Appeal No. 879 of 2002,   by   which   the   High   Court   has   dismissed   the   said appeal preferred by the appellant herein ­ original accused and has confirmed the judgment and order passed by the Signature Not Verified learned Trial Court, convicting the appellant for the offence Digitally signed by R Natarajan Date: 2021.12.07 17:13:08 IST Reason: under Section 29 read with Section 21(c) of the   Narcotics 1 Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as the NDPS Act) and sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment (RI) for a period of 15 years with a fine of Rs.1,50,000/­ for the aforesaid offence in view of the provisions   of   Section   31(ii)   of   the   NDPS   Act,   the   original accused has preferred the present appeal.   2. The facts leading to the present appeal in nutshell are as under:­ 2.1 That the appellant herein – original accused faced the trial in connection   with   FIR   No.134/1999   for   the   offence   under Section 23 and Section 21 of the NDPS Act, PS Customs, Amritsar,   Punjab   for   recovery   of   4   kg   of   heroin.   He   was sentenced to undergo 12 years RI by the Amritsar Court. One another FIR was also filed against the appellant herein – original   accused   being   FIR   No.43/1999   at   New   Delhi   for recovery of 750 grams of heroin from Delhi. In the second case also by judgment and order dated 30.01.2002, he was held guilty for the offence under Section 29 read with Section 21(c)   of   the   NDPS   Act.   The   learned   Trial   Court   at   Delhi imposed the sentence of 10 years RI (minimum sentence), 2 however, in view of the provisions of Section 31 (ii) of the NDPS Act, which provides for an enhanced punishment for offences after previous conviction, and considering the fact that earlier appellant was convicted for the offence under the NDPS Act in a case arising out of the FIR No.134/1999, the learned Trial Court awarded minimum sentence of 15 years RI. No specific order was passed by the learned Trial Court at Delhi in the trial arising out of FIR No.43/1999 (subsequent trial) that the sentence imposed of 15 years RI would run concurrently or consecutively.   3. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   judgment   and order of conviction passed by the learned Trial Court at Delhi in a case arising out of FIR No.43/1999 (second/subsequent case), the appellant – original accused preferred the appeal before the High Court. Before the High Court, it was mainly submitted on behalf of the appellant – accused that as the appellant   –   accused   had   already   undergone   12   years sentence   in   a   case   arising   out   of   FIR   No.134/1999,   he cannot be punished twice and that in a case arising out of FIR  No.43/1999  he  has   already  undergone   sentence  of  6 3 years and 2 months, a lenient view may be taken and the sentences imposed in both the cases/trials, one arising out of FIR No.134/1999 (Amritsar Case) and another arising out of FIR No.43/1999 (New Delhi Case) shall be held to run concurrently. By the impugned judgment and order the High Court has not accepted the above and has dismissed the appeal. Hence, the accused has preferred the present appeal. 4. Ms.   Sangeeta   Kumar,   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the appellant, in her short written submissions, has stated that the   appellant   is   a   foreign   national,   resident   of   Lahore, Pakistan and has been behind bars for the last nearly 22 years as he was arrested on 15.06.1999 in respect of FIR No. 134 of 1999 by the Police Station, Customs, Punjab and he was charged for the offences under Sections 21 and 23 of NDPS Act, 1985, for import of 4kg heroin and was convicted by the   order   of the Additional Sessions Judge, Amritsar, dated 08.12.2000.  Without prejudice to the aforesaid submissions, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the appellant was 4 under trial for the period from 17.09.1999 to 14.02.2002 and for the second offence the said period has not been taken into consideration. It was submitted that if the sentences are to run consecutively and if the aforesaid period is also taken into   consideration,   then   the   number   of   years   that   the appellant has to be behind bars, would have to be reduced. 4.1 Learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   submitted   that   the appellant was 30 years of age when he was convicted and presently, he is 52 years old. His conduct in jail is good and there is no adverse remark made against him by the Jail Superintendent.   Hence,   the   two   sentences   which   the appellant   is   now   undergoing,   may   be   held   to   run concurrently under Section 427 Cr.P.C. 4.2 It is   submitted   that  the   appellant   –  accused   has   already completed   12   years   RI   in   FIR   No.134/1999   and   if   the sentences imposed, in both the cases – arising out of FIR No.134/1999 registered at Amritsar and arising out of FIR No.43/1999 registered at New Delhi, are not  held to run concurrently   and   the   appellant   –   accused   is   to   undergo 5 sentences   consecutively,   in   that   case   the   appellant   is required to undergo in all 27 years of imprisonment. It is submitted that therefore the sentences imposed in both the cases are to be held to run concurrently.  4.3 It is submitted that as such in the case arising out of FIR No.43/1999, the Delhi Court while imposing the sentence of 15 years RI has not passed any order whether the sentences in both the cases to run concurrently or not. It is submitted that   therefore   the   appellant   should   be   given   benefit   of Section 427 of Cr.PC.  5. The present appeal is vehemently opposed by Ms. Akaanksha Kaul,  learned  counsel  appearing   on  behalf  of   the   State  – respondent.   Heavy   reliance   is   placed   on   Section   427   of Cr.PC. It is submitted that in the present case the accused faced two separate trials for separate offences and not arising out   of   the   same   transaction   and   therefore   the   sentences imposed in both the cases are to run consecutive only.   5.1 It is submitted that general rule is that sentences imposed in two separate trials in separate offences will run consecutively 6 where there are two different transactions; different crime numbers   and   cases   have   been   decided   by   different judgments. It is submitted that exceptions are cases falling under   proviso   to   Section   427(1)   of   Cr.PC;   falling   under Section 427(2) of Cr.PC or when the court directs sentences shall run consecutively.   5.2 It is submitted that even the power conferred on the court under Section 427 of Cr.PC to order concurrent sentence is discretionary, but the discretion ought to be exercised having regard to the nature of the offence committed and the facts situation in which the question arises.  5.3 It is submitted that in the present case, the sentencing court did   not   direct   the   sentences   to   run   concurrently.   It   is submitted that in the present case appellant – accused faced two   separate   trials   for   two   separate   offences   and   for   two different   transactions   (not   arising   out   of   the   same transaction) and therefore the submissions on behalf of the appellant that the sentences imposed in both the cases to run concurrently has no substance and cannot be granted.  7 5.4 In support of her above submissions, she has relied upon the following decisions of  this  court:­   Mohd. Akhtar Hussain alias   Ibrahim   Ahmed   Bhatti   Vs.   Assistant   Collector   of Customs (Prevention), Ahmedabad & Anr.   (1988) 4 SCC 183;   Ranjit Singh Vs. Union Territory of Chandigarh & Anr . (1991) 4 SCC 304;  V.K. Bansal Vs. State of Haryana & Anr.  (2013) 7 SCC 211;  Neera Yadav Vs. Central Bureau of  (2017) 8 SCC 757;  Investigation Vicky @ Vikas Vs. State (NCT of Delhi)  (2020) 11 SCC 540;  Gurdev Singh Vs. State of Punjab   (2021) 6 SCC 558;   Sharad Hiru Kolambe Vs. State of Maharashtra & Ors.  (2018) 18 SCC 718 and  Rajpal Vs. Om Prakash & Anr.  (2019) 17 SCC 809.  5.5 It is further submitted that in the present case, the appellant – accused as such is a habitual offender. In connection with FIR No.134/1999, he was convicted for the offence under Section 23 and Section 21 of the NDPS Act for having in possession/recovery of 4 kg of heroin and in another case arising out of FIR No.43/1999, he has been convicted for the 8 recovery   of   750   grams   of   heroin.   It   is   submitted   that therefore   the   appellant   –   accused   is   not   entitled   to   any leniency as prayed.    6. Making   the   above   submissions   and   relying   upon   the decisions of this court, it is prayed to dismiss the present appeal. 7. We have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respective parties at length.  8. The short question which is posed for the consideration of this Court is, whether, the sentences imposed against the appellant – accused by two different courts in two different trials   but   against   the   same   accused/person   should   run concurrently   as   submitted   on   behalf   of   the   appellant   – accused or consecutively.  8.1 At the outset, it is required to be noted that in the present case,  the appellant – accused has  been convicted  by  two different courts in two different trials for the offences with respect to the different transactions. In one case, he has 9 been sentenced to undergo 12 years RI for the offence under Section   23   and   Section  21   of   the   NDPS   Act  by   Amritsar Court and in another case arising out of FIR No.43/1999 he has been sentenced to undergo 15 years RI for the offence under Section 29 read with Section 21(c) of the NDPS Act by Delhi Court. In one case he has been convicted for having in possession of 4 kg of heroin and in another case for having 750 grams of heroin. It is also required to be noted that judgments have been delivered in both the cases one after another   and   in   the   subsequent   judgment   and   order   of conviction   and   sentence   by   the   Delhi   court   there   is   no specific order passed by the learned Trial Court (Court at Delhi) that the sentences to run concurrently. In view of the above facts, the  question posed for the present appeal is required to be considered.       8.2 While considering the issue in the present appeal Section 427 of Cr.PC is required to be referred to which reads as under:­ 427. Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence. 10 (1) When   a   person   already   undergoing   a   sentence   of imprisonment is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment or imprisonment for life, such imprisonment or imprisonment for life shall commence at the expiration of the   imprisonment   to   which   he   has   been   previously sentenced, unless the Court directs that the subsequent sentence   shall   run   concurrently   with   such   previous sentence:   Provided   that   where   a   person   who   has   been sentenced to imprisonment by an order under section 122 in default of furnishing security is, whilst undergoing such sentence,   sentenced   to   imprisonment   for   an   offence committed prior to the making of such order, the latter sentence shall commence immediately. (2) When   a   person   already   undergoing   a   sentence   of imprisonment   for   life   is   sentenced   on   a   subsequent conviction to imprisonment for a term or imprisonment for life, the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently with such previous sentence. Therefore on a fair reading of Section 427 of Cr.PC, when a person   who   is   already   undergoing   a   sentence   of imprisonment is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment or imprisonment for life, such imprisonment or imprisonment for life shall commence at the expiration of the   imprisonment   to   which   he   has   been   previously sentenced.     Meaning   thereby   the   sentences   in   both   the conviction   shall   run   consecutively.   However,   there   is   an exception to that, namely unless the Court directs that the subsequent   sentence   shall   run   concurrently   with   such previous sentence. There is one another exception. As per 11 Sub­section   (2)   of   Section   427   of   Cr.PC   when   a   person already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment for life is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment for a term or imprisonment for life, the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently with such previous sentence. Therefore, in aforesaid two cases only the subsequent sentence shall run concurrently   with   previous   sentence.   Otherwise   the subsequent   sentence   shall   run   consecutively   and   the imprisonment in subsequent sentence shall commence at the expiration   of   the   imprisonment   to   which   he   has   been previously sentenced.  8.3 At this stage, few decisions of  this  court on whether the subsequent   sentence   should   run   concurrently   or consecutively are required to be referred to. 8.3.1 In   the   case   of   ,   it   is Mohd.   Akhtar   Hussain   (Supra) observed   and   held   that   if   the   transaction   relating   to offences is not the same or the facts constituting the two offences are quite different in that case the subsequent sentence should run consecutively. 12 In   the   case   of   ,   this   Court Mohd.   Akhtar   Hussain observed   that   the   broad   expanse   of   discretion   left   by legislation to sentencing Courts should not be narrowed only   to   the   seriousness   of   the   offence.   No   single consideration   can   definitively   determine   the   proper sentence. In arriving at an appropriate sentence, the court must consider, and sometimes reject, many factors. The court must ‘recognise, learn to control and exclude’ many diverse data. It is a balancing act and tortuous process to ensure   reasoned   sentence.   In   consecutive   sentences,   in particular,   the   Court   cannot   afford   to   be   blind   to imprisonment which the accused is already undergoing. is a case which arose under Mohd. Akhtar Hussain   Gold (Control) Act, 1968 involving a Pakistani national, the sentence in the first case was imprisonment for 7 years and fine of Rs. 10 lakhs awarded by the court of Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Ahmedabad in CC No. 1674 of 1982. Upon appeal, the High Court confirmed the sentence but   reduced   the   fine   to   Rs.   5   lakhs.   The   special   leave petition filed by the appellant therein was dismissed by 13 this Court and the conviction and sentence became final. When   the   appellant   was   under   judicial   custody   in   the aforesaid case, there was further investigation with regard to his smuggling activities. It revealed widespread racket of smuggling   gold   and   silver   in   collusion   with   several persons. The appellant therein was again prosecuted along with  18  others  under   Section  135  of  the  Customs  Act, 1962. The appellant therein was convicted and sentenced for  4   years   rigorous  imprisonment  and   fine   of   Rs.  Two lakhs and default sentence in case of non­payment of fine.  Thereafter, the State as well as the appellant therein approached the High Court. The High Court accepted the State’s appeal and it enhanced the sentence from 4 years to   7   years   and   made   it   consecutive.   Consequently,   the High   Court   dismissed   the   appeal   of   the   appellant.   The result   was   that   he   had   to   serve   in   all   14   years imprisonment which he had challenged before this Court. Ultimately, this Court restored the sentence imposed by the Trial Court and set aside the sentence enhanced by the High Court by allowing the appeal. 14 8.3.2 In the case of   Ranjit Singh (Supra)   in paragraph 8, it is observed and held as under:­  “8.  Sub­section (1) of Section 427 CrPC provides for the situation when a person already undergoing a sentence of imprisonment is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment or life imprisonment. In other words, sub­section   (1)   of   Section   427   CrPC   deals   with   an offender who while undergoing sentence for a fixed term is subsequently convicted to imprisonment for  a fixed term or for life. In such a situation, the first sentence, being for a fixed term, expires on a definite date which is known when the subsequent conviction is made. Sub­ section  (1)  says that   in such  a  situation,  the  date  of expiry   of   the   first   sentence   which   the   offender   is undergoing   being   known,   ordinarily   the   subsequent sentence would commence at the expiration of the first term   of   imprisonment   unless   the   court   directs   the subsequent   sentence   to   run   concurrently   with   the previous sentence. Obviously, in cases covered by sub­ section (1) where the sentence is for a fixed term, the subsequent sentence can be consecutive unless directed to run concurrently. Sub­section (2), on the other hand, provides for an offender “already undergoing sentence of imprisonment for life” who is sentenced on a subsequent conviction to imprisonment for a term or for life. It is well settled since the decision of this Court in  Gopal Vinayak Godse  [ Ranjit Singh  v.  U.T. of Chandigarh , (1984) 1 SCC 31 following  Mithu  v.  State of Punjab , (1983) 2 SCC 277 and   reiterated   in  Maru   Ram  [(1981)   1   SCC   107   that imprisonment for life is a sentence for the remainder of the life of the offender unless the remaining sentence is commuted or remitted by the appropriate authority. This being so at the stage of sentencing by the court on a subsequent   conviction,   the   earlier   sentence   of imprisonment for life must be understood in this manner and, therefore, there can be no question of a subsequent sentence of imprisonment for a term or for life running consecutively which is the general rule laid down in sub­ section (1) of Section 427. As rightly contended by Shri Garg, and not disputed by Shri Lalit, the earlier sentence of imprisonment for life being understood to mean as a 15 sentence to serve the remainder of life in prison unless commuted or remitted by the appropriate authority and a person   having   only   one   life   span,   the   sentence   on   a subsequent   conviction   of   imprisonment   for   a   term   or imprisonment for life can only be superimposed to the earlier life sentence and certainly not added to it since extending the life span of the offender or for that matter anyone   is   beyond   human   might.   It   is   this   obvious situation which is stated in sub­section (2) of Section 427 since   the   general   rule   enunciated   in   sub­section   (1) thereof   is   that   without   the   court's   direction   the subsequent   sentence   will   not   run   concurrently   but consecutively. The only situation in which no direction of the court is needed to make the subsequent sentence run concurrently with the previous sentence is provided for in sub­section (2) which has been enacted to avoid any possible controversy based on sub­section (1) if there be no express direction of the court to that effect. Sub­ section (2) is in the nature of an exception to the general rule   enacted   in   sub­section   (1)  of   Section   427   that   a sentence on subsequent conviction commences on expiry of the first sentence unless the court directs it to run concurrently. The meaning and purpose of sub­sections (1) and (2) of Section 427 and the object of enacting sub­ section (2) is, therefore, clear.” 8.3.3 In the case of  V.K. Bansal (Supra)  after relying upon the decision of this Court in the case of  Mohd. Akhtar (Supra) in paragraph 10 it is observed and held as under:­  “10.  We are in the case at hand concerned more with the nature   of   power   available   to  the   Court   under   Section 427(1) of the Code, which in our opinion stipulates a general rule to be followed except in three situations: one falling under the proviso to sub­section (1) to Section 427; the second falling under sub­section (2) thereof; and the third where the court directs that the sentences shall run concurrently. It is manifest from Section 427(1) that the Court has the power and the discretion to issue a direction but in the very nature of the power so conferred upon the Court the discretionary power shall have to be exercised   along   the   judicial   lines   and   not   in   a mechanical, wooden or pedantic manner. It is difficult to lay   down   any   straitjacket   approach   in   the   matter   of 16 exercise of such discretion by the courts. There is no cut and dried formula for the Court to follow in the matter of issue or refusal of a direction within the contemplation of Section 427(1). Whether or not a direction ought to be issued in a given case would depend upon the nature of the offence or offences committed, and the fact situation in   which   the   question   of   concurrent   running   of   the sentences arises.” 8.3.4 In   the   case   of   Neera   Yadav   (Supra)   while interpreting/considering   Section   427   of   Cr.PC   it   is observed and held that Section 427 of Cr.PC deals with sentence passed on an offender who is already sentenced for another offence and the power conferred on the Court under   Section   427   to   order   concurrent   sentence   is discretionary. It is further observed that the policy of the legislature is that normally the sentencing should be done consecutively.   It   is   further   observed   that   only   in appropriate cases, considering the facts of the case, the court can make the sentence concurrently with an earlier sentence imposed. It is further observed that the discretion exercised by the sentencing court to direct the concurrency will have to be exercised on sound principles and not on whims. Whether or not a direction ought to be issued in a given case would depend upon the nature of the offence or offences committed. It is further observed and held in the 17 said decision that it is well settled that where there are different   transactions,   different   crime   numbers   and   the cases   have   been   decided   by   the   different   judgments, concurrent sentences   cannot be  awarded  under   Section 427   of   Cr.PC.   It   is   further   observed   that   however,   the general rule that there cannot be concurrency of sentences if conviction relates to two different transactions, can be changed by an order of the court.  8.3.5 In the case of  Sharad Hiru Kolambe (Supra) , it is observed and held that unless the court directs that the punishment for such two or more offences at same trial should run concurrently, the normal principle is that the punishments would   commence   one   after   the   expiration   of   the   other. Similarly, in a case where a person already undergoing a sentence is later imposed sentence in respect of offence tried   at   subsequent   trial,   the   general   rule   is   that   the subsequent   sentence   imposed   run   consecutively   unless there is a specific order passed by the court while imposing any subsequent sentence, exercising discretion conferred under   Section   427   of   Cr.PC   that   in   the   facts   and 18 circumstances   the   subsequent   sentence   should   run concurrently, the sentence imposed in both the cases shall run consecutively.  8.3.6 In   the   case   of   Gulam   Mohammad   Malik   Vs.   State   of Gujarat   and   Anr.   (2018)   14   SCC   473 ,   this   Court considered   two   appeals.   One   from   the   judgment   of   the High Court of Gujarat and the other from the High Court of Bombay in respect of the same appellant. In both cases, the appellant was  charged  for the offences under Section 8(c), 20(b) and 29 of the NDPS Act, 1985. Insofar as the case filed in Gujarat was concerned, registered as NDPS Case   No.   1   of   2002,   the   appellant   was   convicted   and directed to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years and to pay fine of Rs. 1 lakh and in default to undergo further rigorous imprisonment for one year in case the fine was   not   paid.   Appellant   therein   preferred   an   appeal challenging the aforesaid conviction and sentence before the High Court which dismissed his appeal. In fact, the appeal   by   the   State   for   enhancement   of   sentence   was dismissed.  19 In the second case, the appellant therein was tried by the Special Judge for NDPS, Court of Sessions, Greater Bombay in Special Case No. 60 of 2002, culminating in the conviction and sentence of appellant therein under Section 8(c), 20(b)(ii) read with Section 31A of the NDPS Act and was sentenced to death. Death reference had been sent for confirmation before the High Court. The appellant therein had also filed an appeal against the aforesaid conviction and sentence in the High Court of Bombay. The High Court rejected the Confirmation Case no. 2 of 2008, filed by the State by not affirming the death sentence and dismissed the appeal of the appellant and the death sentence was converted into thirty years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.3 lakhs. The matter pertaining to the conversion of the death sentence was considered before this Court and on considering Section 31 of the NDPS Act on the facts of the said case, it was held that the appellant therein had to be given maximum punishment and thereafter multiplier of   one   and   a   half   times   applied.   Minimum   term   of imprisonment prescribed under Section 31 is 10 years, on 20 that reckoning, when it is enhanced by one and a half times,   the   minimum   sentence   comes   to   15   years. Ultimately, sentence ordered by this Court was rigorous imprisonment of 16 years. The Court also had in mind that the appellant therein was 65 years of age and suffering from   various   ailments.   It   was   also   ordered   that   the sentence would run concurrently and so far as with regard to both the cases, fine of Rs. 1 lakh which was imposed by the Trial Court in Gujarat was concerned, the same would remain. As far as fine of Rs. 3 lakhs in Bombay case was concerned, the same was reduced from Rs. 3 lakhs to Rs. 2 lakhs. Accordingly, the appeals were disposed. 9. Thus   from   the   aforesaid   decisions   of   this   Court,   the principles of law that emerge are as under:­ (i) if   a  person  already   undergoing   a   sentence   of imprisonment   is   sentenced   on   a   subsequent conviction   to   imprisonment,   such   subsequent term   of   imprisonment   would   normally commence   at   the   expiration   of   the 21 imprisonment   to   which   he   was   previously sentenced; (ii) ordinarily   the   subsequent   sentence   would commence at the expiration of the first term of imprisonment   unless   the   court   directs   the subsequent sentence to run concurrently with the previous sentence; (iii) the general rule is that where there are different transactions, different crime numbers and cases have been decided by the different judgments, concurrent sentence cannot be awarded under Section 427 of Cr.PC; under Section 427 (1) of Cr.PC the court has the (iv) power and discretion to issue a direction that all the   subsequent   sentences   run   concurrently with the previous sentence, however discretion has to be exercised judiciously depending upon the   nature   of   the   offence   or   the   offences committed and the facts in situation. However, 22 there must be a specific direction or order by the court that the subsequent sentence to run concurrently with the previous sentence.  10. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions and the principles of law enumerated hereinabove to the facts of the case on hand, the submissions on behalf of the appellant – accused that his subsequent sentence to run concurrently with the previous sentence is to be rejected outright.   In   the   present   case   the   appellant   has   been convicted with respect to two different transactions, there are different crime numbers and the cases have been decided by the   different   judgments.   Therefore,   the   appellant   is   not entitled to any benefit of concurrent sentence under Section 427 of Cr.PC. As observed hereinabove, there is no specific order or direction issued by the court while imposing the subsequent sentence that the subsequent sentence to run concurrently with the previous sentence.  23 11. Even otherwise as observed hereinabove under Section 427 (1) of Cr.PC, the Court has the power and discretion to issue a direction that the subsequent sentence to run concurrently with the previous sentence in that case also, the discretion has to be exercised judiciously depending upon the nature of offence or the offences committed. In the present case the appellant   –   accused   has   been   convicted   for   the   offences under the NDPS Act. He has been convicted in one case for recovery of 4 kg heroin and sentenced to undergo 12 years RI and  in another  case  there  is a recovery of  750  grams  of heroin and considering the Section 31 (ii) of the NDPS Act, he has been sentenced to undergo 15 years RI. No leniency should be shown to an accused who is found to be guilty for the   offence   under   the   NDPS   Act.   Those   persons   who   are dealing in narcotic drugs are instruments in causing death or   in   inflicting   death   blow   to   a   number   of   innocent young victims   who   are   vulnerable.   Such   accused   causes deleterious effects and deadly impact on the society. They are hazard to the society. Such organized activities of clandestine smuggling   of   narcotic   drugs   and   psychotropic   substances into this country and illegal trafficking in such drugs and 24 substances have a deadly impact on the society as a whole. Therefore,   while   awarding   the   sentence   or   punishment  in case of NDPS Act, the interest of the society as a whole is required to be taken into consideration. Therefore, even while applying   discretion   under   Section   427   of   Cr.PC,   the discretion shall not be in favour of the accused who is found to be indulging in illegal trafficking in the narcotic drugs and psychotropic   substances.   As   observed   hereinabove,   even while exercising discretion under Section 427 of Cr.PC to run subsequent   sentence   concurrently   with   the   previous sentence, the discretion is to be exercised judiciously and depending upon the offence/offences committed.  Therefore, considering the offences under the NDPS Act which are very serious   in   nature   and   against   the   society   at   large,   no discretion shall be exercised in favour of such accused who is indulging into the offence under the NDPS Act.  12. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the submissions on behalf of the appellant – accused to direct the   subsequent   sentence   in   case   arising   out   of   FIR No.43/1999 to run concurrently with the previous sentence 25 arising out of FIR No.134/1999 is hereby rejected. In view of the   above   and   for   the   reasons   stated   above   the   present appeal fails and the same deserves to be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed.  …………………………………J. (M. R. SHAH) …………………………………J. (B. V. NAGARATHNA) New Delhi,  December 07, 2021 26