SARITHA S. NAIR vs. HIBI EDEN

Case Type: Special Leave To Petition Civil

Date of Judgment: 09-12-2020

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1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (CIVIL) NO.10678 OF 2020 SARITHA S. NAIR                                                 … PETITIONER(S) VERSUS HIBI EDEN                                                         …RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T V. Ramasubramanian, J. 1. As against a common order passed by the High Court of Kerala throwing out 2 election petitions filed by the petitioner herein, on the ground of incurable defects, the election petitioner has come up with   the   above   Special   Leave   Petition.   This   SLP   arises   out   of Election Petition No.4 of 2019. Another Election Petition filed by the Signature Not Verified very   same   petitioner   against   the   very   same   common   order,   but Digitally signed by Madhu Bala Date: 2020.12.09 13:48:16 IST Reason: arising out of Election Petition No.3 of 2019 was dismissed by this 2 Court   on   02.11.2020   for   non­prosecution.   Therefore,   this   order covers Election Petition No.4 of 2019. 2. Heard Ms. D. Geetha, learned counsel for the petitioner. 3. In the elections held to the Lok Sabha in April­May, 2019, the petitioner filed her nomination on 04.04.2019 in the Ernakulam Constituency.   The   petitioner   was   to   contest   as   an   independent candidate. 4. On 06.04.2019 the nomination of the petitioner was rejected on the ground that she was convicted in 2 criminal cases, one in CC No.1300 of 2013 on the file of the JFMC­I, Pathanamthitta and another   in   CC   No.102   of   2014   on   the   file   of   the   JFMC­I, Perumbavoor. In the first case the petitioner was imposed with a punishment of imprisonment for 3 years, with a fine of Rs.45 lakhs, by   a   judgment   dated   08.06.2015.   In   the   second   case   she   was imposed with a punishment of imprisonment for 3 years, with a fine of Rs.10 lakhs, by a judgment dated 16.02.2016. 5. The petitioner filed Criminal Appeal No.87 of 2015 before the Sessions   Court,   Pathanamthitta,   against   her   conviction   in   CC No.1300 of 2013. But the appeal was dismissed and the petitioner 3 filed a revision before the High Court in Criminal R.P.No.9 of 2018. On 04.01.2018, the High Court merely suspended the execution of the sentence and enlarged the petitioner on bail, subject to her executing a bond for Rs.5 lakhs with 2 solvent sureties and also upon her depositing Rs.10 lakhs towards the fine amount. 6. Similarly, the petitioner filed Criminal Appeal No.25 of 2017 before the Sessions Court, Ernakulam against her conviction in CC No.102 of 2014. The Appellate Court stayed the execution of the sentence on condition of the appellant executing a bond for Rs.1 lakh with 2 sureties. 7. The Returning Officer, noted in his order dated 06.04.2019 that the petitioner stood disqualified in terms of Section 8(3) of the Representation   of   the   People   Act,   1951,   as   the   period   of disqualification had not lapsed. 8. Aggrieved   by   the   order   of   rejection   of   the   nomination,   the petitioner filed an appeal to the Chief Electoral Officer. Thereafter, the petitioner moved a writ petition in W.P.(C)No.11282 of 2019. But the Writ Petition was dismissed on 09.04.2019. The petitioner filed a writ appeal but the same was also dismissed on 12.04.2019. 4 9. Therefore, after the elections were over, the petitioner filed an election   petition   in   Election   Petition   No.4   of   2019,   primarily contending   that  the   rejection  of   her   nomination  was   illegal and unjustified and that such rejection materially altered the outcome of the election in which the Respondent herein was declared elected. The main contention of the petitioner in her election petition was that   she   had   simultaneously   filed   a   nomination   in   the   Amethi Constituency of Uttar Pradesh and that despite disclosure of the very   same   information   about   her   conviction   and   pendency   of appeals,   her   nomination   was   accepted   there.   Therefore,   she contended that 2 different yardsticks cannot be applied and that in any   case,   so   long   as   the   sentence   of   imprisonment   remained suspended,   the   disqualification   under   Section   8(3)   of   the Representation of the People Act, 1951, may not be attracted. 10. It is to be noted at this stage that the petitioner filed her nomination   from   one   more   constituency,   namely   Wayanad Constituency and her nomination was rejected even in the said Constituency,   for   the   very   same   reasons.   Therefore,   she   filed 5 another   election   petition   in   Election   Petition   No.3   of   2019   as regards the election from the Wayanad Constituency. 11. It appears that lot of defects were noticed by the Registry of the High Court in both the election petitions. The defects noticed in both the election petitions were more or less the same. But in so far as Election Petition No.4 of 2019 is concerned, out of which the present SLP arises, the Registry noted one additional defect namely that the prayer of the petitioner was incomplete. 12. Therefore, both the election petitions were posted before the Court without being numbered. However, the Court, by order dated 29.07.2019 directed the election petitions to be numbered subject to the condition that the petitioner should address arguments on the question of curability of the defects. Thereafter, notices were issued   to   the   Election   Commission,   the   respective   Returning Officers and the respective returned candidates. 13. It may be relevant to note at this stage that the fact that the petitioner   was   convicted   in   2   independent   criminal   cases   and sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years in each of those cases and the fact that though the execution of the sentence was suspended 6 in   both   the   cases,   the   conviction   was   not   suspended,   were   all admitted by the petitioner herself. The case of the petitioner was that it is enough if an appellate/revisional court had suspended the sentence and not the conviction. 14. In view of the aforesaid stand of the petitioner, the High Court framed   a   preliminary   issue   on   01.10.2019   as   to   whether   the election petitions were maintainable, when the conviction was not suspended in appeal or revision. The High Court decided to take up this preliminary issue also for consideration along with the question relating to curability of defects noticed in the election petitions. 15. Thereafter, the High Court heard the learned counsel for the petitioner   and   learned   counsel   for   the   returned   candidates   and passed   an   order   dated   31.10.2019   rejecting   both   the   election petitions on 2 grounds namely:­ (i) that   there   were   incurable   defects   in   the   election petitions in terms of Section 86(1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951; and (ii) that the petitioner was disqualified in view of the inhibitions contained in Section 8(3) of the Act read with Article 102(1)(e) of the Constitution. 7 16. Aggrieved   by   the   common   order   passed   on   31.10.2019   in Election Petition Nos. 3 and 4 of 2019, the petitioner filed SLP(C) Diary No.4200 of 2020 and SLP(C) No.10678 of 2020. The SLP in SLP(C) Diary No.4200 of 2020, arising out of the order in Election Petition   No.3   of   2019,   was   dismissed   for   non­prosecution   on 02.11.2020. The present SLP arising out of Election Petition No. 4 of 2019 came up thereafter for hearing. 17. As pointed out above, the election petition of the petitioner was dismissed   on   2   grounds   namely   (i)   that   it   contained   incurable defects; and (ii) that in any case, the petitioner admittedly suffered from a disqualification. Let us now examine the correctness of the findings of the High court in regard to these 2 issues. Issue­1 (Incurability of defects) 18. On   the   first  issue,  the   High  court  noted   that   some   of  the defects in the election petition are covered by Sections 81 and 82 and that there was no semblance of any verification in terms of section 83 (1) (c) read with Order VI, Rule 15 of the CPC. The High court held that there were 3 defects which were incurable. They were: 8 (i)   Petitioner has not signed in the declaration portion of verification of the election petition; (ii)   In   verification   portion,   in   respect   of   Annexures, affidavits and petitions, it is stated that the index has been   verified   instead   of   Annexures,   affidavits   and petitions; (iii)   Annexures   are   not   verified   by   the   petitioner   as mandated and instead of verification, annexures are seen certified as true copies by the petitioner and the counsel. 19. In   addition   to   the   above   3   defects,   which   the   High   Court considered as incurable  in both the election petitions,  the  High Court noted that in Election Petition No. 4 of 2019, even the relief sought was incomplete and meaningless. Prayer (a) made in the th election  petition was  “ To declare that the election of  the 5 ”.   It respondent   from   Ernakulam   Lok   Sabha   Constituency actually meant nothing, unless the word “void” had been added thereto. Since the word “void” was not there in prayer (a), the High Court thought that the election petition had been prepared and filed in   a   casual   manner.   Coupled   with   this,   was   the   fact   that   the election petition also contained some allegations of serious nature against the former Chief Minister of Kerala. Therefore, the High 9 Court thought that the petitioner had malafide intentions to malign the reputation of third parties, through the election petition without proper verification and prayer and that this is nothing but a ruse for the petitioner to escape at a later stage from owning up the pleadings. 20. In other words, what weighed with the High Court were:­ (i) Lack of proper verification; (ii) An incomplete prayer; and (iii) Allegations   of   serious   nature   made   against   the former Chief Minister with a possible leverage not to own up the pleadings.   To hold that the defects stated above are incurable, the High Court relied upon Sections 81, 82 and 83 read with Section 86 of the Representation   of   the   People   Act,   1951.   Let   us   now   test   the correctness of the approach of the High Court, with regard to the statutory provisions. 21. Chapter­II, Part­VI of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, contains provisions for “Presentation of election petitions to High Court” and Chapter III contains provisions for “Trial of election petitions”. Section 86(1), with which Chapter­III begins, obliges the 10 High Court to dismiss an election petition which does not comply with the provisions of Section 81 or Section 82 or Section 117. The dismissal of an election petition under Section 86(1) is deemed by the Explanation under Section 86(1) to be a decision under Section 98(a). Section 98 speaks about 3 types of orders that could be passed at the conclusion of the trial of an election petition.  They are:­ (i) The dismissal of the election petition; or (ii) A   declaration   that   the   election   of   the   returned candidate is void; or (iii) A   declaration   not   only   that   the   election   of   the returned candidate is void, but also that the petitioner or any other candidate was duly elected. 22. It is   important   to   note   that  the   above   3   different  types of decisions under Section 98, can be rendered by the High Court only at the conclusion of the trial. But the dismissal under Section 86(1) is an exception.  The reference in the Explanation under Section 86(1) to Section 98(a), makes it clear that the power of the High   Court   to   dismiss   an   election   petition   which   does   not 11 comply with the provisions of Section 81 or Section 82 or Section 117, is available at the pre­trial stage. 23. As stated earlier, the procedure for presentation of election petitions to the High Court are dealt with in Sections 80 to 84 falling in Chapter­II of Part­VI. For our present purpose, Sections 81(3), 83(1), 83(2) and 84 are relevant. 24. Section 81(3) makes it mandatory for every election petition to be accompanied by as many copies as there are respondents. Every such copy is required to be attested by the petitioner under his own signature to be a true copy of the petition. Section 81(3) reads as follows:­ “ .­ (1)…. 81. Presentation of petitions (2) Omitted (3) Every election petition shall be accompanied by as many   copies   thereof   as   there   are   respondents mentioned in the petition, and every such copy shall be attested by the petitioner under his own signature to be a true copy of the petition.” 25. Section 83 speaks about:­ (i) The contents of the election petition; (ii) The   signature   and   verification   of   the   election petition; and 12 (iii) The signature and verification of any schedule or annexure to the election petition. Section 83 reads as follows :­
83. Contents of petition.—(1 ) An election petition—
(a) shall contain a concise statement of the material<br>facts on which the petitioner relies;
(b) shall set forth full particulars of any corrupt<br>practice that the petitioner alleges including as full a<br>statement as possible of the names of the parties<br>alleged to have committed such corrupt practice and<br>the date and place of the commission of each such<br>practice; and
(c) shall be signed by the petitioner and verified in the<br>manner laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<br>(5 of 1908) for the verification of pleadings:
[Provided that where the petitioner alleges any corrupt<br>practice, the petition shall also be accompanied by an<br>affidavit in the prescribed form in support of the<br>allegation of such corrupt practice and the particulars<br>thereof.]
(2) Any schedule or annexure to the petition shall also<br>be signed by the petitioner and verified in the same<br>manner as the petition.”
26. Section 84 indicates the relief/reliefs that could be claimed in an election petition. It reads as follows:­
84. Relief that may be claimed by the petitioner.
A petitioner may, in addition to claiming a declaration
that the election of all or any of the returned
candidates is void, claim a further declaration that he
himself or any other candidate has been duly elected.”
27.In the trial of an election petition, the High Court is bound to
follow the procedure as applicable to the trial of suits under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, as nearly as may be. This is by virtue 13 of Section 87(1). The provisions of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 are made applicable in all respects to the trial of all elections petitions, under Section 87(2).  Section 87 reads as follows:­
87. Procedure before the High Court.—(1)
(2) The provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1<br>of 1872), shall subject to the provisions of this Act, be<br>deemed to apply in all respects to the trial of an<br>election petition.”
28. It is relevant to note that the Act keeps in two separate<br>compartments­
(i) the presentation of election petitions; and
(ii) the trial of election petitions.
The presentation of election petitions is covered by Sections 80 to<br>84 falling in Chapter­II. The trial of election petitions is covered by<br>Sections 86 to 107 and they are contained in Chapter­III.
29. This compartmentalization, may be of significance, as seen<br>from 2 facts namely:­
14
(i) That under Section 80 no election shall be called in<br>question except by an election petition presented in<br>accordance with the provisions of “this part”; and
(ii) That a limited reference is made to the provisions of<br>the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in Chapter­II, only in<br>places where signature and verification are referred to.
30. In so far as presentation of election petitions is concerned,<br>Chapter­II is a complete code. This is because, the various<br>provisions of Chapter­II cover all aspects of the presentation of an<br>election petition, such as:­
(i) The person(s) who is/are entitled to file;
(ii) Person(s) who could be joined as respondents;
(iii) The types of different reliefs that can be sought;
(iv) The grounds on which such reliefs could be sought;
(v) Period of limitation for filing an election petition;
(vi) The court where the petition could be filed;
(vii) Contents of such petition; and
(viii) Format of the election petition and the manner in<br>which it is to be signed and verified.
31. Some of the rules contained in Chapter II are inflexible and<br>inviolable. But some may not be. Whether the manner of signing
15 and verifying an election petition is an inflexible rule, is what is to be seen here.     32. Section 83 (1) (c) mandates that an election petition shall be signed by the petitioner and verified in the manner laid down in the Code   of   Civil   Procedure   for   verification   of   pleadings.   Signing   a petition and verifying the petition are 2 different aspects. While Order VI, Rule 14 deals with the signing of the petition, Order VI, Rule 15 deals with the verification of pleading. Rule 14 mandates that every pleading shall be signed by the party as well as the pleader,   if   any.   But   the   proviso   carves   out   an   exception   by stating that where a party is unable to sign the pleading, by reason of absence or for other good cause, it may be signed by any person duly authorized by him to sign the same  or to sue or defend on his behalf. Order VI, R.14 reads as follows:­ “ ­Every pleading shall be 14. Pleading to be signed. signed by the party and his pleader(if any): Provided that where a party pleading is, by reason of absence or for other good cause; unable to sign the pleading,   it   may   be   signed   by   any   person   duly authorized by him to sign the same or to sue or defend on his behalf.” 16 33. Order VI, R.15 which speaks about verification of pleadings reads as follows:­ “15. Verification of pleadings.­  (1) Save as otherwise provided by any law for the time being in force, every pleading shall be verified at the foot by the party or by one of the parties pleading or by some other person proved to the satisfaction of the court to be acquainted with the facts of the case. (2) The person verifying shall specify, by reference to the  numbered  paragraphs  of  the   pleading,   what   he verifies   of   his   own   knowledge   and   what   he   verifies upon information received and believed to be true. (3)   The   verification   shall   be   signed   by   the   person making it and shall state the date on which and the place at which it was signed. (4) The person verifying the pleading shall also furnish an affidavit in support of his pleadings.” 34. It is to be noted that Sub­rule (1) of Rule 15 of Order VI also permits the verification of pleading to be done by a person ,   provided   it   is   proved   to   the other   than   the   party   pleading satisfaction of the Court that such other person was acquainted with the facts of the case.  35. Section 86(1) empowers the High Court to dismiss an election petition which does not comply with the provisions of Section 81, Section 82 or Section 117 and it does not include Section 83 within its   ambit.   Therefore,   the   question   whether   or   not   an   election 17 petition which does not satisfy the requirements of Section 83, can be dismissed at the pre­trial stage under section 86(1), has come up repeatedly for consideration before this Court. We are concerned in this case particularly with the requirement of Clause (c) of Sub­ section (1) of Section 83 and the consequence of failure to comply with the same. 36. In   Murarka Radhey Shyam Ram Kumar   vs .   Roop Singh 1 Rathore ,   a   preliminary   objection   to   the   maintainability   of   the election petition was raised on the ground that the verification was defective. The verification stated that the averments made in some paragraphs of the petition were true to the personal knowledge of the petitioner and the averments in some other paragraphs were verified to be true on advice and information received from legal and other   sources.   There   was   no   statement   that   the   advice   and information received by the election petitioner were believed by him to be true. Since this case arose before the amendment of the Act under Act 47 of 1966, the election petition was dealt with by the Tribunal. The Tribunal held the defect in the verification to be a curable defect. The view of the Tribunal was upheld by this Court in 1  AIR (1964) SC 1545 18 Murarka Radhey Shyam Ram Kumar   (supra). This Court held that  it is impossible to accept the contention that a defect in verification which is to be made in the manner laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure for the verification of pleadings as required by Clause (c) of Sub­section (1) of Section 83 is fatal to the maintainability of the petition ”.
he ratio laid down inMurarakawas reiterated by
2 member Bench of this Court in   F.A. Sapa   vs.   Singora   holding that  “the mere defect in the verification of the election petition is   not   fatal to  the  maintainability  of  the  petition  and  the .   It was petition cannot be thrown out solely on that ground” also held in  F.A. Sapa  that  “since Section 83 is not one of the three   provisions   mentioned   in   Section   86(1),   ordinarily   it cannot be construed as mandatory unless it is shown to be an integral part of the petition under Section 81” . 38. In   (supra)   this   Court   framed   two   questions   in F.A.   Sapa   paragraph 20 of the Report, as arising for consideration. The first 2   (1991) 3 SCC 375 19 question   was   as   to   what   is   the   consequence   of   a   defective   or incomplete   verification.   While   answering   the   said   question,   this Court formulated the following principles: – (i) A defect in the verification, if any, can be cured  (ii) It is not essential that the verification clause at the foot of  the  petition  or  the  affidavit  accompanying  the  same should disclose the grounds or sources of information in regard to the averments or allegations which are based on information believed to be true  (iii) If the respondent desires better particulars in regard to such averments or allegations, he may call for the same, in which case the petitioner may be required to supply the same and (iv) The defect in the affidavit in the prescribed Form 25 can be cured unless the affidavit forms an integral part of the petition, in which case the defect concerning material facts   will   have   to   be   dealt   with,   subject   to   limitation, under section 81(3) as indicated earlier.” 39. It was also held in   (supra) that though an allegation F.A. Sapa involving corrupt practice must be viewed very seriously and the High   Court   should   ensure   compliance   with   the   requirements  of Section 83 before the parties go to trial,  the defective verification 20 of a defective affidavit may not be fatal . This Court held that the High Court should ensure its compliance before the parties go to trial. This decision was followed by another three­member Bench 3 in    vs.   . R.P. Moidutty P.T. Kunju Mohammad 40. In   Sardar   Harcharan   Singh   Brar   vs.   Sukh   Darshan 4 , this Court held that  Singh though the proviso to Section 83(1) is couched in a mandatory form, requiring a petition alleging corrupt   practice   to   be   accompanied   by   an   affidavit,   the failure to comply with the requirement cannot be a ground for . dismissal of an election petition in limine under Section 86(1) The Court reiterated that non­compliance with the provisions of Section 83 does not attract the consequences envisaged by Section 86(1) and that  the defect in the verification and the affidavit is .   The   following   portion   of   the   decision   is   of a   curable   defect significance: “14.  xxxx
Therefore, an election petition is not liable to be
dismissedin limineunderSection 86of the Act, for
alleged non­compliance with provisions ofSection
3  (2000) 1 SCC 481 4  (2004) 11 SCC 196 21
83(1)or (2) of the Act or of its proviso.The defect in
the verification and the affidavit is a curable
defect.What other consequences, if any, may follow
from an allegedly "defective" affidavit, is required to be
judged at the trial of an election petition butSection
86(1)of the Act in terms cannot be attracted to such a
case.”
5 41. In   K.K. Ramachandran Master   vs.   M.V. Sreyamakumar , this   Court  followed   (supra)   and   F.A.   Sapa   Sardar   Harcharan Singh Brar   (supra) to hold that  defective verification is curable . The Court again reiterated that the consequences that may flow from a defective affidavit is required to be judged at the trial of an election   petition   and   that   such   election   petition   cannot   be dismissed under Section 86(1). 42. Though all the aforesaid decisions were taken note by a two­ 6 member Bench in  P.A. Mohammed Riyas   vs.   M.K. Raghavan , the Court held in that case that the absence of proper verification may lead to the conclusion that the provisions of Section 81 had not been fulfilled and that the cause of action for the election petition would remain incomplete. Such a view does not appear to be in conformity with the series of decisions referred to in the previous 5  (2010) 7 SCC 428 6  (2012) 5 SCC 511 22 paragraphs and hence  P.A. Mohammed Riyas   cannot be taken to lay   down   the   law   correctly.   It   appears   from   the   penultimate paragraph of the decision in     (supra) that P.A. Mohammed Riyas the Court was pushed to take such an extreme view in that case on account of the fact that the petitioner therein had an opportunity to cure the defect, but he failed to do so. Therefore,  P.A. Mohammed Riyas   (supra) appears to have turned on its peculiar facts. In any case  P.A. Mohammed Riyas  was overruled in  G.M.Siddeshwar  vs.
it is imperative for an
election petitioner to file an affidavit in terms of Order VI Rule 15(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in support of the averments made in the election petition in addition to an affidavit (in a case where resort  to  corrupt  practices  have  been  alleged  against the
returned candidate) as required by the proviso toSection 83(1)
matter of fact, even the filing of a defective affidavit, which is not in Form 25 as prescribed by the Rules, was held in  G.M. Siddeshwar to be a curable defect and the petitioner was held entitled to an opportunity to cure the defect. 7  (2013) 4 SCC 776 23 43. The   upshot   of   the   above   discussion   is   that   a   defective verification   is   a   curable   defect.   An   election   petition   cannot   be thrown out  in limine , on the ground that the verification is defective. 44. Therefore, the High Court committed a grave error in holding the 3 defects mentioned in paragraph 18 hereinabove as incurable. The defects are curable and as rightly contended by the learned counsel for the petitioner, an opportunity to cure the defects ought to have been given. Instead, the election petition was posted before Court without numbering, in view of the defects noticed. The Court directed the petition to be numbered subject to arguments on the curability   of   defects.   Thereafter   notices   were   issued   to   the respondents in the election petition and finally the order impugned herein was passed after hearing both sides. The High Court did not even rely upon any rule framed by the High court to follow the said procedure.  45. The Rules of the High Court of Kerala, 1971 contains a set of Rules from Rule Nos.207 to 219 in Chapter XVI. These Rules govern the procedure for institution and trial of election petitions. Rule 210 of these rules reads as follows:­ 24 “ 210.Summons .­Immediately   after   registering,   the petition   shall   be   placed   before   the   Judge   for   such orders as may be required to be passed under Section 86 of the Act.   If the petition is not dismissed under Section 86(1) of the Act, a summons, on the direction of the Judge shall be issued to the respondents to appear   before   the   High   Court   on   a   fixed   date   and answer the claim or claims made in the petition.  Such date shall not be earlier than three weeks from the date of the issue of the summons.  The summons shall be for written statement and settlement of issues and shall be served on the respondents by the process staff of the High Court or the District Courts, all steps being taken to effect service with the utmost expedition.” 46. The manner in which Rule 210 has been worded gives an impression as though an election petition should be placed before the Judge, immediately after it is registered, for passing Orders under Section 86(1). If the petition is not dismissed under Section 86(1),   summons   should   be   issued   to   the   respondents   on   the direction of the Judge. In the case on hand the learned designated Judge before whom the election petition was listed as defective, chose to issue summons to the respondents, calling upon them to argue on the curability of defects as well as the maintainability of the  petition.   There  is   nothing   to   indicate   in  the   Rules   that  the learned designated Judge was powerless to return the petition to the petitioner for curing the defects. 25  47. The procedure adopted by the High Court of Kerala cannot be approved. The High Court was wrong in thinking that the defective verification of the election petition was a pointer to the game plan of the  election  petitioner   to  disown  the   pleadings  at   a  later   stage, especially after making serious allegations against the former Chief Minister. If only the High Court had given an opportunity to the petitioner to cure the defects in the verification and if, despite such an opportunity, the petitioner had failed to come up with a proper verification,  the  High Court could  have  then  held  the  petitioner guilty of playing hide and seek. The failure of the High Court to give an opportunity to cure the defects is improper. 48. The defect in the prayer made by the petitioner was also a curable defect, as the words  “as void ” were omitted to be included, making the prayer as it existed, meaningless. It is true that the election petitioner should have been more careful and diligent in incorporating an appropriate relief and making a proper verification. But no motives could have been attributed to the petitioner, only because she made serious allegations against someone. Hence we hold on the first issue that the defects in the verification and prayer 26 made by the petitioner were curable and an opportunity ought to have been given to the petitioner to cure the defects. Issue­2 (effect of punishment by criminal court) 49. That takes us to the next issue regarding the punishments imposed   upon   the   petitioner   in   two   criminal   cases   and   the suspension   of   execution   of   sentence   alone   granted   by   the appellate/revisional Courts. 50. Admittedly the petitioner was imposed with a punishment of imprisonment   for   a   period   not   less   than   two   years   in   two independent   criminal   cases.   Therefore,   her   case   is   covered   by Section 8(3) of the Act. 51. What was suspended by the appellate Court in one case and the revisional Court in another case was only the execution of the sentence of imprisonment and not the conviction. The contention of the petitioner is that the suspension of the sentence was sufficient to save her from the applicability of Section 8(3). 52. But we do not think so.  Section 8(3) reads as follows: “Disqualification on conviction for certain offences .­ (1)  … (2)  … 27 (3) A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years [other than any   offence   referred   to   in   sub­section   (1)   or   sub­ section (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.”  53. It is seen from a reading of Section 8(3) that it deals with two aspects   namely     the conditions for disqualification; and     the (i) (ii) period of disqualification. The conditions for disqualification are  (i) conviction for any offence other than an offence referred to in Sub­ sections (1) and (2); and   sentence of imprisonment for not less (ii) than two years. 54. In so far as the period of disqualification is concerned, Section 8(3) says that the disqualification will commence from the date of conviction. This is made clear by the usage of the words  “shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction”.  It is needless to state that the words “the date” appearing in Section 8(3) refers to the event of conviction and it is post facto. The disqualification which commences from the date of conviction, continues till the expiry of a period of six years from the date of his release. 28 55. In other words,  the date of conviction is what determines the date of commencement of the period of disqualification. However, it is date of release which determines the date on . which the disqualification will cease to have effect 56. When viewed in that context, it will be clear that the mere suspension of the execution of the sentence is not sufficient to take the rigour out of Section 8(3). 57. In fact, a Constitution Bench of this Court held in  B.R. Kapur 8 vs.    that an order of the appellate/revisional State of Tamil Nadu Court suspending the sentence of imprisonment has to be read in the context of Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and that   under   the   said   provision,   what   is   suspended   is   only   the execution   of   the   sentence   and   not   the   sentence   itself.   The Constitution   Bench   made   it   clear   that   the   suspension   of   the execution of the sentence would not alter or affect the conviction and that therefore such a person would remain disqualified under Section   8(3).   In   fact,   in   B.R.   Kapur   (supra)   a   person   whose nomination   was   rejected   on   the   ground   of   disqualification,   got 8  (2001) 7 SCC 231 29 elected as the leader of the party which secured majority in the elections and became the Chief Minister and hence Article 164 was pressed into service. But even the same was rejected on the ground that a person who was disqualified from contesting the elections, cannot take the route of Article 164.   58. A contention was raised in   (supra) that the sitting B.R. Kapur members of Parliament or Legislatures are granted by Section 8(4) of the Act, with a protection against removal from office, during the pendency of their appeal or revision against conviction and that it is violative of the guarantee of equality under the Constitution, if the class of persons getting convicted before elections are placed at a disadvantageous   position   than   the   class   of   persons   who   are convicted   after   getting   elected   to   the   Parliament   or   the   State Legislatures. But the Constitution Bench rejected this contention in  (supra) on the ground that the constitutional validity of B.R. Kapur Sub­section (4) of Section 8 was not in question.  59. Possibly taking cue from what was observed in  B.R. Kapur   (in Para 38 and 39 of the Report), a challenge was made to Section 8(4) 30 9 in  Lily Thomas   vs.   Union of India , on the ground that it is  ultra vires   the   Constitution.   While   declaring   the   said   provision   to   be unconstitutional, this Court held in   Lily Thomas   (supra) that a Member   of   Parliament   or   the   State   Legislature   who   suffers   a frivolous   conviction,   will   not   be   remediless.   Taking   note   of   the 10 decisions in     vs .     and   Rama Narang Ramesh Narang Ravikant 11 S. Patil   vs.   Sarvabhouma S. Bagali , this Court held in   Lily   (supra) that the appellate Court has ample powers under Thomas Section 389(1) of the Code, to stay the conviction as well as the sentence and that wherever a stay of conviction itself has been granted, the disqualification will not operate. 60. Just as the observations made in   (supra) led to a B.R. Kapur challenge to Section 8(4) of the Act in   Lily Thomas   (supra), the discussion in  Lily Thomas   (supra) about the power of the appellate Court to stay the conviction as well as the execution of sentence, led   to   another   bout   of   litigation.   In   Lok   Parhari   vs.   Election 12 Commissioner of India ,   the petitioner sought a declaration that 9   (2013) 7 SCC 653 10  (1995) 2 SCC 513 11  (2007) 1 SCC 673 12  (2018) AIR 4675 31 even a stay of conviction by the appellate Court will not have the effect   of   wiping   out   the   disqualification.   The   contention   of   the petitioner was that the law does not provide for stay of conviction. But   this   Court   rejected   the   challenge   on   the   ground   that   the decisions   in     (supra)   and     (supra) Rama   Narang Lily   Thomas clinched the issue in this regard. 61. Therefore, in effect, the disqualification under Section 8(3) will continue so long as there is no stay of conviction. In the case on hand,   the   petitioner   could   not   obtain   a   stay   of   conviction   but obtained   only   a   stay   of   execution   of   the   sentence.   Hence   her nominations were validly rejected by the Returning Officer. Merely because the Returning Officer in Amethi Constituency committed an   error   in   overlooking   this   fact,   the   petitioner   cannot   plead estoppel against statutory prescription. CONCLUSION 62. Therefore, in fine, we hold that the petitioner was disqualified from contesting the elections in terms of Section 8(3) of the Act. In such circumstances, she could not have maintained an election petition as   in terms of Section “a candidate at such election”   32 81(1). Therefore, the High Court was right in not venturing into an exercise   in   futility,   by   taking   up   the   election   petition   for   trial, though the High Court was wrong in rejecting the election petition on the ground of existence of incurable of defects. 63. In view of the above, the Special Leave Petition is dismissed. There will be no order as to costs. …………………………..CJI (S.A. Bobde) …………………………….J. (A.S. Bopanna) ……………………………..J. (V. Ramasubramanian) New Delhi December 9, 2020