STALIN vs. THE STATE THR REP BY THE INSPECTOR OF POLICE

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 09-09-2020

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Full Judgment Text

1 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 577 OF 2020 [Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 3171 of 2019] Stalin .. Appellant Versus State represented by the Inspector of Police .. Respondent J U D G M E N T M. R. Shah, J. Leave granted. 2. Feeling   aggrieved   and   dissatisfied   with   the   impugned judgment   and   order   dated   18.01.2017   passed   by   the   Madurai Bench   of   the   High   Court   of   Judicature   at   Madras   in   Criminal Appeal   (MD)   No.   122   of   2016   by   which   the   High   Court   has dismissed the said appeal and has confirmed the Judgment and Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by MEENAKSHI KOHLI Date: 2020.09.09 15:54:52 IST Reason: Order   of   conviction   and   sentence   passed   by   the   learned   IV Additional District and Sessions Court, Tirunelveli in Sessions Case 2 No.   354   of   2012,   convicting   the   appellant   herein   –   the   original accused   for   the   offence   punishable   under   Section   302   IPC,   the original accused has preferred the present appeal. 3. At the outset, it is required to be noted that vide order dated 01.04.2019, this Court has issued a notice in the present appeal limited to the extent as to whether the conviction ought to have been under Section 304 Part II or Section 302 IPC.    Therefore, this Court is required to consider whether the appellant herein – the original   accused   has   been   rightly   convicted   for   the   offence punishable under Section 302 IPC or is to be convicted for any other lesser offence, viz. Section 304 Part II IPC. 4. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant – original accused has vehemently submitted that as it is a case of a single blow, Section 302 IPC shall not be attracted.  It is submitted that even the so­called motive alleged for the incident is prior to four months of the incident in question and, therefore, as such, the prosecution has failed to establish and prove the motive for the accused to kill the deceased.    3 4.1 It is submitted that, as such, the occurrence had taken place out of a sudden and grave provocation and therefore the offence would fall under Exception I to Section 300 IPC and, therefore, the appellant has to be convicted for the lesser offence than Section 302 IPC. 4.2 Learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   appellant   – accused has heavily relied upon the decisions of this Court in the cases of  Kunhayippu v. State of Kerala  (2000) 10 SCC 307 and Musumsha   Hasanasha   Musalman   v.   State   of   Maharashra (2000) 3 SCC 557 in support of his submission that for causing a single stab injury, Section 302 IPC shall not be attracted. 4.3 Making the above submissions and relying upon the above decisions of this Court, it is prayed to convert the conviction from Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part II IPC.    5. Learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   State   has vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case and on appreciation of the entire evidence on record, both ­ the learned Trial Court as well as the High Court have rightly convicted the accused for the offence punishable under Section 302 IPC.  It is 4 vehemently submitted that the accused caused the injury by a knife blow on the vital part of the body – Lever.   It is submitted that considering the fact that the accused was having a knife; the injury inflicted by the accused was on the vital part of the body; and that there was no any grave and sudden provocation established and proved, it is submitted that both the Courts below have rightly convicted the accused for the offence punishable under Section 302 IPC. 5.1 Learned   counsel   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   State   has vehemently submitted that there is no absolute proposition of law laid down by this Court in any of the decisions that in case of a single blow, Section 302 IPC shall not be attracted.    It is submitted that it is held by this Court in catena of decisions that number of injuries is irrelevant; it is not always the determining factor for ascertaining the intention.   It is submitted that as held by this Court, it is the nature of injury; the part of body where it is caused; the weapon used in causing such injury which are the indicators of the fact whether the accused caused the death of the deceased with an intention of causing death or not.  Learned counsel appearing on 5 behalf of the State has relied upon the following decisions of this Court on the single injury and, in such a case, whether Section 302 IPC would be attracted or not: (i) (2000) 1 SCC 319; Mahesh Balmiki v. State of M.P.  (ii) Dhirajbhai Gorakhbhai Nayak v. State of Gujarat   (2003) 9 SCC 322; (iii)  (2006) 11 SCC 444; Pulicherla Nagaraju v. State of A.P. (iv) Bavisetti Kameswara Rao v. State of A.P.   (2008) 15 SCC 725;
Arun Raj v. Union of India.
(vi) Singapagu Anjaiah v. State of A.P.  (2010) 9 SCC 799; (vii) (2011) Ashokkumar Nagabhai Vankar v. State of Gujarat  10 SCC 604; (viii) Vijay   Ramkrishan   Gaikwad   v.   State   of   Maharashtra (2012) 11 SCC 592; (ix)  (2013) 14 SCC 246; Som Raj v. State of H.P.
State of Madhya Pradesh v. Kalicharan
(xi)  (2019) 13 SCC 131; State of Rajasthan v. Leela Ram (xii) Ananta Kamilya v. State of West Bengal  (2020) 2 SCC 511 6 6. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that the prosecution has failed to establish and prove the motive and/or that the motive alleged of the incident is prior to four months of the incident in question, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the State has vehemently submitted that, as rightly observed by the High Court, in a case where the eye­witnesses are available, the motive becomes insignificant.    It is submitted that, in the present case, PWs 1, 2 and 3 are the eye­witnesses to the incident and therefore, the motive is insignificant in the present case.    Heavy reliance   is   placed   on   the   decision   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of (2019) 15 SCC 622.  Sukhpal Singh v. State of Punjab  7. Heard learned counsel on behalf of the respective parties at length.  As observed hereinabove, the only aspect which is required to be considered in the present appeal is whether the appellant – accused has committed an offence punishable under Section 302 IPC or any other lesser offence, more particularly, Section 304 Part II IPC? 7.1 It is the case on behalf of the appellant – accused that as it is a case of single injury, Section 302 IPC shall not be attracted and 7 the   case   would   fall   under   Section   304   Part   II   IPC.     While considering the aforesaid submission, few decisions of this Court  on whether   in   a   case   of   single   injury,   Section   302   IPC   would   be attracted or not are required to be referred to:
7.1.1
319, this Court while deciding the question of whether a single blow with a knife on the chest of the deceased would attract Section 302 IPC, held thus: (SCC pp. 322­23, para 9) “ 9 . … there is no principle that in all cases of a single   blow   Section   302   IPC   is   not   attracted.   A single blow may, in some cases, entail conviction under Section 302 IPC, in some cases under Section 304 IPC and in some other cases under Section 326 IPC.   The   question   with   regard   to   the   nature   of offence has to be determined on the facts and in the circumstances   of   each   case.   The   nature   of   the injury, whether it is on the vital or non­vital part of the body, the weapon used, the circumstances in which the injury is caused and the manner in which the injury is inflicted are all relevant factors which may   go   to   determine   the   required   intention   or knowledge   of   the   offender   and   the   offence committed by him. In the instant case, the deceased was disabled from saving himself because he was held by the associates of the appellant who inflicted though a single yet a fatal blow of the description noted above. These facts clearly establish that the appellant had the intention to kill the deceased. In 8
any event, he can safely be attributed the knowledge<br>that the knife­blow given by him was so imminently<br>dangerous that it must in all probability cause<br>death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause<br>death.”any event, he can safely be attributed the knowledge<br>that the knife­blow given by him was so imminently<br>dangerous that it must in all probability cause<br>death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause<br>death.”
7.1.2 In Dhirajbhai Gorakhbhai Nayak v. State of<br>Gujarat (2003) 9 SCC 322, this Court while discussing the<br>ingredients of Exception 4 of Section 300 IPC, held thus: (SCC pp.<br>327­28, para 11)
“11. The fourth exception of Section 300 IPC<br>covers acts done in a sudden fight. The said<br>Exception deals with a case of prosecution (sic<br>provocation) not covered by the first exception, after<br>which its place would have been more appropriate.<br>The Exception is founded upon the same principle,<br>for in both there is absence of premeditation. But,<br>while in the case of Exception 1 there is total<br>deprivation of self­control, in case of Exception 4,<br>there is only that heat of passion which clouds<br>men's sober reason and urges them to deeds which<br>they would not otherwise do. There is provocation in<br>Exception 4 as in Exception 1, but the injury done<br>is not the direct consequence of that provocation. In<br>fact, Exception 4 deals with cases in which<br>notwithstanding that a blow may have been struck,<br>or some provocation given in the origin of the<br>dispute or in whatever way the quarrel may have<br>originated, yet the subsequent conduct of both<br>parties puts them in respect of guilt upon an equal
9 footing. A “sudden fight” implies mutual provocation and blows on each side. The homicide committed is then clearly not traceable to unilateral provocation, nor could in such cases the whole blame be placed on one side. For if it were so, the Exception more appropriately   applicable   would   be   Exception   1. There is no previous deliberation or determination to fight. A fight suddenly takes place, for which both parties are more or less to be blamed. It may be that one   of   them   starts   it,   but   if   the   other   had   not aggravated it by his own conduct it would not have taken the serious turn it did. There is then mutual provocation and aggravation, and it is difficult to apportion the share of blame which attaches to each fighter. The help of Exception 4 can be invoked if death is caused ( a ) without premeditation, ( b ) in a sudden fight, ( c ) without the offenders having taken undue  advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner, and ( d ) the fight must have been with the person killed. To bring a case within Exception 4 all the ingredients mentioned in it must be found. It is to be noted that the “fight” occurring in Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC is not defined in IPC. It takes two to make a fight. Heat of passion requires that there must be no time for the passions to cool down and in this case, the parties had worked themselves into a fury on account of the verbal altercation in the beginning.   A   fight   is   a   combat   between   two   and more persons whether with or without weapons. It is not possible to enunciate any general rule as to what shall be deemed to be a sudden quarrel. It is a question of fact and whether a quarrel is sudden or not must necessarily depend upon the proved facts of each case. For the application of Exception 4, it is not   sufficient   to   show   that   there   was   a   sudden quarrel  and   there  was   no  premeditation.   It  must 10
further be shown that the offender has not taken<br>undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual<br>manner. The expression “undue advantage” as used<br>in the provision means “unfair advantage”.”further be shown that the offender has not taken<br>undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual<br>manner. The expression “undue advantage” as used<br>in the provision means “unfair advantage”.”
7.1.3 In Pulicherla Nagaraju v. State of A.P. (2006) 11 SCC<br>444, this Court while deciding whether a case falls under Section<br>302 or 304 Part I or 304 Part II IPC, held thus: (SCC pp. 457­58,<br>para 29):
“29. Therefore, the court should proceed to<br>decide the pivotal question of intention, with care<br>and caution, as that will decide whether the case<br>falls under Section 302 or 304 Part I or 304 Part II.<br>Many petty or insignificant matters — plucking of a<br>fruit, straying of cattle, quarrel of children,<br>utterance of a rude word or even an objectionable<br>glance, may lead to altercations and group clashes<br>culminating in deaths. Usual motives like revenge,<br>greed, jealousy or suspicion may be totally absent in<br>such cases. There may be no intention. There may<br>be no premeditation. In fact, there may not even be<br>criminality. At the other end of the spectrum, there<br>may be cases of murder where the accused attempts<br>to avoid the penalty for murder by attempting to put<br>forth a case that there was no intention to cause<br>death. It is for the courts to ensure that the cases of<br>murder punishable under Section 302, are not<br>converted into offences punishable under Section<br>304 Part I/II, or cases of culpable homicide not<br>amounting to murder, are treated as murder<br>punishable under Section 302. The intention to<br>cause death can be gathered generally from a
11
combination of a few or several of the following,<br>among other, circumstances: (i) nature of the<br>weapon used; (ii) whether the weapon was carried<br>by the accused or was picked up from the spot; (iii)<br>whether the blow is aimed at a vital part of the<br>body; (iv) the amount of force employed in causing<br>injury; (v) whether the act was in the course of<br>sudden quarrel or sudden fight or free for all fight;<br>(vi) whether the incident occurs by chance or<br>whether there was any premeditation; (vii) whether<br>there was any prior enmity or whether the deceased<br>was a stranger; (viii) whether there was any grave<br>and sudden provocation, and if so, the cause for<br>such provocation; (ix) whether it was in the heat of<br>passion; (x) whether the person inflicting the injury<br>has taken undue advantage or has acted in a cruel<br>and unusual manner; (xi) whether the accused dealt<br>a single blow or several blows. The above list of<br>circumstances is, of course, not exhaustive and<br>there may be several other special circumstances<br>with reference to individual cases which may throw<br>light on the question of intention. Be that as it<br>may.”combination of a few or several of the following,<br>among other, circumstances: (i) nature of the<br>weapon used; (ii) whether the weapon was carried<br>by the accused or was picked up from the spot; (iii)<br>whether the blow is aimed at a vital part of the<br>body; (iv) the amount of force employed in causing<br>injury; (v) whether the act was in the course of<br>sudden quarrel or sudden fight or free for all fight;<br>(vi) whether the incident occurs by chance or<br>whether there was any premeditation; (vii) whether<br>there was any prior enmity or whether the deceased<br>was a stranger; (viii) whether there was any grave<br>and sudden provocation, and if so, the cause for<br>such provocation; (ix) whether it was in the heat of<br>passion; (x) whether the person inflicting the injury<br>has taken undue advantage or has acted in a cruel<br>and unusual manner; (xi) whether the accused dealt<br>a single blow or several blows. The above list of<br>circumstances is, of course, not exhaustive and<br>there may be several other special circumstances<br>with reference to individual cases which may throw<br>light on the question of intention. Be that as it<br>may.”
7.1.4 In Singapagu Anjaiah v. State of A.P. (2010) 9 SCC<br>799, this Court while deciding the question whether a blow on the<br>skull of the deceased with a crowbar would attract Section 302 IPC,<br>held thus, (SCC p. 803, para 16):
“16. In our opinion, as nobody can enter into the<br>mind of the accused, his intention has to be gathered
12 from the weapon used, the part of the body chosen for the assault and the nature of the injuries caused. Here, the appellant had chosen a crowbar as the weapon of offence. He has further chosen a vital part of the body i.e. the   head   for   causing   the   injury   which   had   caused multiple fractures of skull. This clearly shows the force with   which   the   appellant   had   used   the   weapon.   The cumulative effect of all these factors irresistibly leads to one and the only conclusion that the appellant intended to cause death of the deceased.” 7.1.5 In   State of Rajasthan v. Kanhaiya Lal   (2019) 5 SCC 639 this Court in paragraphs 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5 held as follows:  In  Arun Raj  [ Arun Raj  v.  Union of India , (2010) “7.3. 6 SCC 457 : (2010) 3 SCC (Cri) 155] this Court observed and   held   that   there   is   no   fixed   rule   that   whenever   a single   blow   is   inflicted,   Section   302   would   not   be attracted. It is observed and held by this Court in the aforesaid decision that nature of weapon used and vital part of the body where blow was struck, prove beyond reasonable doubt the intention of the accused to cause death of the deceased. It is further observed and held by this Court that once these ingredients are proved, it is irrelevant   whether   there   was   a   single   blow   struck   or multiple blows.  In   [ 7.4. Ashokkumar Magabhai Vankar Ashokkumar Magabhai Vankar  v.  State of Gujarat , (2011) 10 SCC 604 : (2012) 1 SCC (Cri) 397] , the death was caused by single blow on head of the deceased with a wooden pestle. It was found that the accused used pestle with such force that head of the deceased was broken into pieces. This 13
Court considered whether the case would fall under<br>Section 302 or Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. It is held<br>by this Court that the injury sustained by the deceased,<br>not only exhibits intention of the accused in causing<br>death of victim, but also knowledge of the accused in that<br>regard. It is further observed by this Court that such<br>attack could be none other than for causing death of<br>victim. It is observed that any reasonable person, with<br>any stretch of imagination can come to conclusion that<br>such injury on such a vital part of the body, with such a<br>weapon, would cause death.
7.5. A similar view is taken by this Court in the<br>recent decision in Leela Ram (supra) and after<br>considering catena of decisions of this Court on the issue<br>on hand i.e. in case of a single blow, whether case falls<br>under Section 302 or Section 304 Part I or Section 304<br>Part II, this Court reversed the judgment and convicted<br>the accused for the offence under Section 302 IPC. In the<br>same decision, this Court also considered Exception 4 of<br>Section 300 IPC and observed in para 21 as under: (SCC<br>para 21)
“21. Under Exception 4, culpable homicide is<br>not murder if the stipulations contained in that<br>provision are fulfilled. They are: (i) that the act was<br>committed without premeditation; (ii) that there was<br>a sudden fight; (iii) the act must be in the heat of<br>passion upon a sudden quarrel; and (iv) the offender<br>should not have taken undue advantage or acted in<br>a cruel or unusual manner.”
7.1.6 In the case of   Bavisetti Kameswara Rao   (supra), this Court has observed in paragraphs 13 and 14 as under: 14 “13.  It is seen that where in the murder case there is only a single injury, there is always a tendency to advance an argument that the offence would invariably be covered under Section 304 Part II IPC. The nature of offence   where   there   is   a   single   injury   could   not   be decided merely on the basis of the single injury and thus in a mechanical fashion. The nature of the offence would certainly   depend   upon   the   other   attendant circumstances which would help the court to find out definitely about the intention on the part of the accused. Such attendant circumstances could be very many, they being   ( i )   whether   the   act   was   premeditated;   ( ii )   the nature of weapon used; ( iii ) the nature of assault on the accused.   This   is   certainly   not   an   exhaustive   list   and every case has to necessarily depend upon the evidence available. As regards the user of screwdriver, the learned counsel urged that it was only an accidental use on the spur of the moment and, therefore, there could be no intention   to   either   cause   death   or   cause   such   bodily injury   as   would   be   sufficient   to   cause   death.   Merely because the screwdriver was a usual tool used by the accused in his business, it could not be as if its user would be innocuous. 14.  In  State of Karnataka  v.  Vedanayagam  [(1995) 1 SCC 326 : 1995 SCC (Cri) 231] this Court considered the usual argument of a single injury not being sufficient to invite a conviction under Section 302 IPC. In that case the injury was caused by a knife. The medical evidence supported the version of the prosecution that the injury was sufficient, in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. The High Court had convicted the accused for the offence under Section 304 Part II IPC relying on the fact that   there   is   only   a   single   injury.   However,   after   a 15
detailed discussion regarding the nature of injury, the<br>part of the body chosen by the accused to inflict the same<br>and other attendant circumstances and after discussing<br>clause Thirdly of Section 300 IPC and further relying on<br>the decision in Virsa Singh v. State of Punjab [AIR 1958<br>SC 465] , the Court set aside the acquittal under Section<br>302 IPC and convicted the accused for that offence. The<br>Court (in Vedanayagam case [(1995) 1 SCC 326 : 1995<br>SCC (Cri) 231] , SCC p. 330, para 4) relied on the<br>observation by Bose, J. in Virsa Singh case [AIR 1958 SC<br>465] to suggest that: (Virsa Singh case [AIR 1958 SC<br>465], AIR p. 468, para 16)
“16. … With due respect to the learned Judge<br>he has linked up the intent required with the<br>seriousness of the injury, and that, as we have<br>shown, is not what the section requires. The two<br>matters are quite separate and distinct, though the<br>evidence about them may sometimes overlap.”
The further observation in the above case were:<br>(Virsa Singh case [AIR 1958 SC 465] , AIR p. 468, paras<br>16 & 17)
“16. … The question is not whether the<br>prisoner intended to inflict a serious injury or a<br>trivial one but whether he intended to inflict the<br>injury that is proved to be present. If he can show<br>that he did not, or if the totality of the<br>circumstances justify such an inference, then, of<br>course, the intent that the section requires is not<br>proved. But if there is nothing beyond the injury<br>and the fact that the appellant inflicted it, the only<br>possible inference is that he intended to inflict it.<br>Whether he knew of its seriousness, or intended<br>serious consequences, is neither here nor there. The<br>question, so far as the intention is concerned, is not
16
whether he intended to kill, or to inflict an injury of a<br>particular degree of seriousness, but whether he<br>intended to inflict the injury in question; and once the<br>existence of the injury is proved the intention to<br>cause it will be presumed unless the evidence or the<br>circumstances warrant an opposite conclusion. But<br>whether the intention is there or not is one of fact<br>and not one of law. Whether the wound is serious or<br>otherwise, and if serious, how serious, is a totally<br>separate and distinct question and has nothing to<br>do with the question whether the prisoner intended<br>to inflict the injury in question.
17. … It is true that in a given case the enquiry<br>may be linked up with the seriousness of the injury.<br>For example, if it can be proved, or if the totality of<br>the circumstances justify an inference, that the<br>prisoner only intended a superficial scratch and<br>that by accident his victim stumbled and fell on the<br>sword or spear that was used, then of course the<br>offence is not murder. But that is not because the<br>prisoner did not intend the injury that he intended<br>to inflict to be as serious as it turned out to be but<br>because he did not intend to inflict the injury in<br>question at all. His intention in such a case would<br>be to inflict a totally different injury. The difference<br>is not one of law but one of fact; …”
(emphasis supplied)”
7.2 From the above stated decisions, it emerges that there is no hard and fast rule that in a case of single injury Section 302 IPC would   not   be   attracted.   It   depends   upon   the   facts   and 17 circumstances of each case.  The nature of injury, the part of the body where it is caused, the weapon used in causing such injury are the indicators of the fact whether the accused caused the death of the deceased with an intention of causing death or not.  It cannot be laid down as a rule of universal application that whenever the death occurs on account of a single blow, Section 302 IPC is ruled out.     The fact situation has to be considered in each case, more particularly,   under   the   circumstances   narrated   hereinabove,   the events which precede will also have a bearing on the issue whether the act by which the death was caused was done with an intention of causing death or knowledge that it is likely to cause death, but without   intention   to   cause   death.     It   is   the   totality   of   the circumstances which will decide the nature of offence. 8. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the accused that the motive alleged is of the incident prior to four months of the present incident and that the prosecution has failed to establish and   prove   is   concerned,   it   is   required   to   be   noted   that   in   the present case there are three eye­witnesses believed by both the Courts below and we also do not doubt the credibility of PWs 1, 2 18 and 3.  As held by this Court in catena of decisions, motive is not an explicit requirement under the Penal Code, though “motive” may be   helpful   in   proving   the   case   of   the   prosecution   in   a   case   of circumstantial evidence.  As observed hereinabove, there are three eye­witnesses   to   the   incident   and   the   prosecution   has   been successful in proving the case against the accused by examining those three eye­witnesses and therefore, as rightly observed by the High Court, assuming that the alleged motive is the incident which had taken place prior to four months or the prosecution has failed to prove the motive beyond doubt, the same shall not be fatal to the case of prosecution.    8.1 As observed and held by this Court in the case of  Jafel Biswas v. State of West Bengal  (2019) 12 SCC 560, the  absence of motive does not disperse a prosecution case if the prosecution succeed in proving   the   same.   The   motive   is   always   in   the   mind   of   person authoring   the   incident.   Motive   not   being   apparent   or   not   being proved only requires deeper scrutiny of the evidence by the courts while coming  to  a  conclusion.   When  there   are   definite   evidence proving   an   incident   and   eye­witness   account   prove   the   role   of 19 accused, absence in proving of the motive by prosecution does not affect the prosecution case. 9. Applying  the   law laid   down  by   this  Court  in the  aforesaid decisions, more particularly the decisions on the single injury and the facts on hand, it is required to be considered whether the case would fall under Section 302 IPC or any other lesser offence.     PW3 –   Nelson,   who   is   an   eye­witness   to   the   incident   right   from   the beginning, deposed that when the deceased – Kalidas served extra beer to two persons who came from outside, the accused became angry and told the deceased why he is giving more beer to out­town people and not giving to local people and thereafter the problem started  and   in  that   scuffle   the   accused   took   out  the   knife  and stabbed from behind.   From the medical evidence, the deceased sustained the following injuries:  “External Injuries: A stab wound about 3 x 1.5 cm and 8 cm deep with clean   edges   present   over   the   back   on   the   right   side corresponding to D11 vertebera present.   Wound edges swollen, read with adherent blood.” 20 10. As per Exception IV to Section 300 IPC, culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation   in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender having taken undue advantage and not having acted in a cruel or unusual manner.   In the present case, at the place of incident the beer was being served; all of them who participated in the beer party were friends; the starting of the incident is narrated by   P.W.3,   as   stated   hereinabove.       Therefore,   in   the   facts   and circumstances, culpable homicide cannot be said to be a murder within the definition of Section 300 IPC and, therefore, in the facts and   circumstances   of   the   case   narrated   hereinabove   and   the manner in which the incident started in a beer party, we are of the opinion that Section 302 IPC shall not be attracted. 11. Now, the next question which is posed for consideration of this Court is whether the case would fall under Section 304 Part II IPC? Considering the totality of the facts and circumstances of the case and more particularly that the accused inflicted the blow with a weapon like knife and he inflicted the injury on the deceased on the vital part of the body, it is to be presumed that causing such bodily 21 injury was likely to cause the death.  Therefore, the case would fall under Section 304 Part I of the IPC and not under Section 304 Part II of the IPC. 12. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the appeal   is   allowed   in   part.     The   impugned   judgment   and   order passed by the High Court confirming the conviction of the accused for the offence punishable under Section 302 IPC is hereby modified from that of under Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part I IPC.  The accused is held guilty for the offence punishable under Section 304 Part I IPC and sentenced to undergo 8 years R.I. with a fine of Rs.10,000/­ and, in default, to further undergo one year R.I.  The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent. ……………………………J. (ASHOK BHUSHAN) ……………………………J. (R. SUBHASH REDDY) ……………………………J. (M. R. SHAH) New Delhi, September 9, 2020.