THE STATE OF GUJARAT vs. ANWAR OSMAN SUMBHANIYA

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 27-02-2019

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1 REPORTABLE   IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL  APPEAL NOS. 1359­1361  OF  2007 The State of Gujarat       …..Appellant(s)   :Versus: Anwar Osman Sumbhaniya and Ors.     ....Respondent(s) J U D G M E N T A.M. Khanwilkar, J. 1. The   instant   appeals   filed   under   Section   19   of   the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (for short  “ TADA ”), are against the final judgment and order dated th 12   January,   2007   passed   by   the   Designated   Judge, Jamnagar   in   Special   TADA   Case   Nos.3/1994,   3/1997   and Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by DEEPAK SINGH Date: 2019.02.27 17:25:07 IST Reason: 1/2005, whereby the respondents have been acquitted after finding them not guilty of the stated offences.  2 Separate   charge­sheets   were   filed   against   the 2. respondents   for   offences   punishable   under   Sections   121, 121A, 122 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA, Sections 25(1)(A)(D), 25(1AA), 25(1B)(A B F G), 27(1),  29(A) of the Arms Act, 1959 (for short “ 1959 Act ”),  Section 20 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (for short “ ”) and Section 6(1­A) of the Indian Wireless 1885 Act Telegraphy Act, 1933 (for short “ 1933 Act ”).  The respondents were tried for the aforesaid offences in Special TADA Case Nos.3/1994, 3/1997 and 1/2005, before the Special Court at Jamnagar,   which   was   then   transferred   to   the   Court   of Designated Judge at Jamnagar.   Since all the three charge­ sheets were in connection with one and the same offence and to obviate repetition of evidence, consolidated evidence was recorded for all the cases in Special TADA Case No.3/1994.  3. The   complaint   (Exh.27A)   was   lodged   by   one   Bakul Vithalbhai   Jani   (PW­6),   on   the   basis   of   information   that respondent   No.1   –   Anwar   Osman   Subhaniya,   resident   of 3 Salaya  Barlovas,   Hussaini  Chowk   “Hasmi  Manzil”,     was  in illegal possession of foreign made fire arms weapons at his residential   house.   The   raiding   party,   after   obtaining   prior approval   (Exh.30)   of   Pramod   Kumar   Jha,   DSP   (PW­15), proceeded along with search warrant, and upon search of the residential house of respondent No.1, conducted by the raiding party, following items were seized: (i)     One   –   Foreign   made   carbine   gun   with   magazine valued Rs.2 lakhs. (ii)   One – Foreign made revolver with eight chambers worth Rs.60,000/­.  (iii)     One   –   Foreign   made   revolver   with   six   chambers worth Rs.45,000/­.  (iv)  One – Transmitter walky­talky set worth Rs. 1 lakh. (v)   52 live cartridges of 9 mm stain guns. (vi)  4 live cartridges of revolvers. Immediately   after   recovery   of   arms   and   ammunition, 4. after seeking prior oral approval of PW­6, FIR was lodged vide CR­21/93 for the stated offences only against respondent No.1 th st and he came to be arrested on 18  June, 1993.  Later, on 21 June, 1994,  a charge­sheet was filed against respondent No.1 and the case was registered as Special TADA Case No.3/1994. Along with the charge­sheet, sanction for prosecution (Exh.84) 4 was   obtained   from   A.K.   Tandon,   Director   General  of  Police (PW­14)   under   Section   20­A(2)   of   TADA   on   3­9/11­93. Respondent No.2 ­ Junas Hazi Ibrahim came to be arrested on th 20   March,   1997   and   his   confessional   statement   under th Section 15 of TADA was recorded on 25  March, 1997, when he stated that he sold one carbine gun to respondent No.1. th Charge­sheet was filed against respondent No.2 on 6   April, 1997 whereafter a case was registered against him as Special TADA   Case   No.3/1997   before   the   Designated   Court, Jamnagar.  Respondent No.3 came to be arrested in 2005 in connection   with   another   CR   No.43/1994   registered   under Sections 3, 4 & 5 of TADA by the B. Division Police Station on th 10   December, 2004.   A transfer warrant was obtained from the TADA Court, Jamnagar for arresting and taking custody of the   respondent   No.3   before   his   arrest.   After   completion   of investigation against respondent No.3, separate charge­sheet th came   to   be   filed   on   29   April,   2005   after   obtaining   prior sanction (Exh.57) under Section 20­A(2) of TADA from A.K. st Bhargav  dated 1  April, 2005. 5 5. As aforesaid, all the three separate charge­sheets were registered as three Special TADA cases, being Special TADA Case Nos.3/1994, 3/1997 and 1/2005 before the Designated Court   at   Jamnagar.   The   Designated   Court   framed   charges th against the respondents on 12   September, 2005 to which they pleaded not guilty and wanted to be tried for the alleged offence. The prosecution examined 15 prosecution witnesses and their statements were recorded along with documentary evidence   in   support   of   the   case.   The   respondents   did   not produce   any   defence   witness.   The   Designated   Court   then proceeded   to   consider   the   rival  arguments   and   framed   the following issues for consideration: “1) Whether prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that accused have with a view to do the war against India Government,   by   aiding   and   abutting   each   other,   in furtherance   of   their   common   intention,   to   prepare   in advance   to   collect   the   weapons   by   previously   arranging conspiracy and as a part of that conspiracy, before any time prior   to   18­6­93   at   10:00   hrs.   brought   sub­Machinegun, Revolver   and   cartridges   and   walky   talky   set   for   non telephonic message and kept it at the residential house of accused No.1 Anwar Osman Subhaniya? 2) Whether prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that accused have in connection with the same offence, in furtherance of their common intention as shown in issue No.1, with a view in furtherance of their common intention, aided and abutted each other, before any time prior to 18­6­ 93,   found   from   the   possession   of   accused   No.1   Anwar 6 Osman Sumbhaniya from his residential house, one Egypt made   self   operating   sub   machine   gun   and   0.22   Caliber Germany   made   revolver   and   0.8   caliber   American   made revolver   and   stain   Gun   and   revolver   cartridges   and transmeter walky talky set? 3) Whether prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt, that in connection with the same offence during 21­45 to 23­ 45 on 29­7­93 at Salaya port road from the STD PCO from possession of accused No.1, wireless set without licence was found out? 4) Whether prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that in connection with the same offence, accused brought the   above   muddamal   sub   machine   gun,   revolver   and cartridges without licence from abroad and where found in the conscious possession of accused No.1?  5) Whether prosecution proves beyond reasonable doubt that   in   connection   with   same   offence,   accused   brought Japan made two transmeter, wire­less set, before 18­6­93 at any time from foreign in the above muddamal in India, with common and criminal intention without licence and done exchange   mutually   and   where   foundout   in  the  conscious possession of accused No.1 from STD PCO and from the residential house? 6) Out of accused who can be convicted and for what offence? 7) What order?”  Even though no issue regarding validity of prior approval 6. before registration of FIR under Section 20­A(1) or the validity of prior sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA  before taking cognizance was framed, the Designated Court at the outset proceeded to answer the said issues and opined that neither 7 prior   approval   under   Section   20­A(1)   of   TADA   nor   prior sanction under Section 20­A(2) of  TADA  was in  conformity with the mandate of the stated provisions. So holding, the Designated   Court   held   that   the   respondents   could   not   be proceeded   further   for   the   alleged   offences.   Despite   the Designated Court being fully convinced about the illegality of “prior approval” and “prior sanction”, it also adverted to the evidence   on   record   and   observed   that   there   was   no   legal evidence to record a finding of guilt against the respondents. For, the confessional statement recorded purportedly under the provisions of TADA, cannot be looked at. The same would not be admissible once the prosecution fails on account of lack of a valid  sanction to  prosecute  under  TADA. Further, the search and seizure procedure was also replete with illegalities. The   Designed   Court,   therefore,   acquitted   the   respondents, holding   them   not   guilty   for   the   stated   offences,   and consequently,   directed   immediate   release   of   respondent No.3/accused No.3, who was in judicial custody as undertrial prisoner, if was not required in any other case.  The bail bonds 8 of respondent Nos.1 & 2/accused Nos.1 & 2 were ordered to be cancelled.          7. This   decision   of   the   Designated   Court   is   the   subject matter   of   challenge   in   these   appeals   filed   by   the   State. According to the appellant, the Designated Court committed manifest   error   in   concluding   that   no   valid   prior   approval under   Section   20­A(1)   of   TADA   was   obtained   before registration   of   FIR   for   the   stated   offences.   This   opinion, however, was founded on a decision of this Court which is no more a good law. It is now well settled that even the prior oral approval   can   be   reckoned   as   a   valid   approval   within   the meaning   of   Section   20­A(1)   of   TADA,   albeit   supported   by contemporaneous record in that regard to be followed by a formal written approval. As regards prior sanction accorded by A.K. Tandon (PW­14), there was ample material on record to substantiate that he had accorded sanction (Exh.­84) after due consideration of the relevant aspects and it was not a case of non­application of mind. Similarly, the prior sanction (Exh.­ 57) accorded by A.K. Bhargav in respect of accused No.3, is 9 also backed by relevant material duly considered by him, as is evident   from   the   evidence   of   Raghuvirsinh   Surubha Chudasama,   Dy.S.P.   (PW­13)   and   Yashodhar   Ramchandra Vaidya (PW­10). The opinion of the Designated Court that even this sanction order suffers from the vice of non­application of mind is manifestly wrong. It is alternatively contended that even if the Designated Court was right in concluding that the prosecution of the respondents suffered due to lack of valid approval or valid sanction, it should not have dilated on other aspects of the case on merits ­ as the only option left to the Designated Court in such a situation would be to transfer the case to a regular court under Section 18 of TADA.  At any rate, the   Designated   Court   could   not   have   acquitted   the respondents/accused. Instead, it could have given opportunity to the prosecution to launch prosecution afresh with a valid sanction as per the dictum in paragraph 20 of the decision of this Court in  Rambhai Nathabhai Gadhvi & Ors. Vs. State 1 of Gujarat . If the prosecution was not inclined to avail of that 1   (1997) 7 SCC 744 10 option,   the   Designated   Court   as   aforesaid,   should   have exercised powers under Section 18 of TADA to transfer the case to a regular court having jurisdiction under the Code for trial   of   other   offences.   To   buttress   the   above   submission, reliance is placed on the decisions of this Court in   Ahmad 2 Umar Saeed Sheikh Vs. State of U.P. ,   Harpal Singh Vs. 3 ,   and   State   of   Punjab Prakash   Kumar   alias   Prakash 4 Bhutto  Vs. State of Gujarat . 8. The respondents, on the other hand, have supported the final   opinion   of   the   Designated   Court   to   acquit   them.   As regards the validity of prior approval under Section 20­A(1) of TADA, founded on oral approval followed by written approval, learned counsel for the respondents, in all fairness, submitted that the three­Judge Bench of this Court in  State of A.PVs. 5  holds the field. Resultantly, it A. Sathyanarayana and Ors. may   not   be   necessary   for   this   Court   to   probe   into   that question and instead may proceed on the basis that a valid 2   (1996) 11 SCC 61 3   (2007) 13 SCC 387 4   (2005) 2 SCC 409 5   (2001) 10 SCC 597 11 prior   approval   was   accorded   in   the   present   case   before registration   of   FIR   for   offences   punishable   under   TADA. However, he contended that no fault can be found with the conclusion reached by the Designated Court that the prior sanction accorded in the present case under Section 20­A(2) of TADA suffers from the vice of non­application of mind and that finding recorded by the Trial Court is a possible view ­ which has   been   expressed   after   due   analysis   of   the   evidence   on record in that regard. He has placed reliance on the decision of this Court in Gadhvi’s case (supra) where a similar sanction order issued by A.K. Tandon (PW­14) in another TADA case, registered at Khambala Police Station under his jurisdiction, has been deprecated. The Court expressed strong disapproval regarding the approach of the officer [A.K. Tandon (PW­14)], being reflective of scanty application of mind in respect of vital and crucial aspects before according sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA.  It is contended that even in that case, the sanctioning authority (A.K. Tandon) had merely adverted to the First Information Report and the office note sent by the 12 Superintendent   of   Police   seeking   permission   or   sanction. Further, the sanction order had noted that permission to add Sections 3, 4 or 5 of TADA was being given, as is the noting made in the subject sanction order (Exh.­84). Such noting, it has been held suffers from the vice of non­application of mind, a casual approach and completely in disregard of the mandate of the law requiring prior sanction of the competent authority. For,  it  plainly overlooks the marked distinction between grant of   approval   for   adding   sections   of   TADA   at   the   stage   of registration of FIR and, on the other hand, according sanction to prosecute the accused under the provisions of TADA before laying the charge­sheet in the Designated Court qua them. Learned counsel submits that the same logic would apply to the   subject  sanction  order  dated  3/9­11­93   (Exh.   84).  The evidence   of   PW­14   or   PW­15   or   for   that   matter,   other documentary evidence Exh.82 and Exh.83, will be of no avail to   justify   the   validity   of   Exh.84.   As   regards   the   sanction st accorded   to   prosecute   accused   No.3,   dated   1   April,   2005 (Exh. 57), the same also,  ex­facie,  suffers from the vice of non­ 13 application of   mind.  For,   the   evidence  gathered  during the investigation against accused No.3, at best, indicated that two walky­talkies   were   recovered   from   him.   The   sanctioning authority   ought   to   have   reckoned   this   fact,   which   by   no standard   would   constitute   an   offence   under   the   TADA. Inasmuch as mere possession of such walky­talkies   per se would   not   be   an   offence   under   TADA.   The   sanctioning authority   has   palpably   failed   to   evaluate   the   materials gathered   during   the   investigations   before   recording   its satisfaction on the factum whether any terrorist act has been committed by the named person within the meaning TADA or for that matter being a member of the terrorist gang or party to the conspiracy or abetment or facilitating the commission of a terrorist   act.   In   substance,   learned   counsel   for   the respondents submits that no interference is warranted with the finding of fact recorded by the Designated Court that the sanction orders issued by the  competent authority (Exh.84 and Exh. 57) suffer from the vice of non­application of mind. To   buttress   this   submission,   learned   counsel   for   the 14 respondents has placed reliance on   State of Bihar & Anr. 6 ,   Vs.   P.P.   Sharma   &   Anr. Rambhai   Nathabhai   Gadhvi (supra),   Mohd.   Iqbal   M.   Shaikh   &   Ors.   Vs.   State   of 7 8 ,     , Maharashtra State (NCT of Delhi) Vs. Navjot Sandhu 9 Seeni Nainar Mohammed Vs. State   .  We   have   heard   Ms.   Pinky   Behra,   learned   counsel 9. appearing   for   the   State   of   Gujarat   and   Mr.   A.   Sirajudeen, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents.  10. First we intend to deal with the issue of validity of  the sanction order dated 3/9­`11­93 (Exh.84).  This document is th the   outcome   of   the   letter   dated   9   August,   1993   sent   by Pramod Kumar Jha, DSP (PW­15), to the Director General of Police for grant of sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA. The said letter reads thus:  “ Exhibit – 82 “No. RB/D/121/1993/1810 THE OFFICE OF DISTRICT SUPREINTENDENT OF POLICE JAMNAGAR DATED 09/08/1993 To, The Director General of police And Chief of Police 6 1992 Supp. (1) SCC 222 7 (1998) 4 SCC 494 8 (2005) 11 SCC 600 9 (2017) 13 SCC 685 15 Gujarat State, Ahmedabad Subject:  With regard to obtaining sanction under section 20A(1)   of   the   TADA   under   Salaya   Police   Station   Crime   I 21/93. With it is hereby stated with regard to the above mentioned subject that, The Salaya Police station Crime I 21/93 under section 121, 121A, 122, 34 of the IPC, section 26(1) (AD) (1­AA), 25(1­B) A,B,C,F,G and 27 (1) 29(A) of the Arms act, section 6(1)A of the Wireless Telegraph act, section 20 of the Telegraph act and section 3, 4 and 5 of the TADA act is committed on 18/06/1993   at   10/00   hours   at   Salaya   Barlovas   Hashmi Manzil.   As   for   the   crime,   the   PSI   Mr.   B.   V.   Jani,   LCB Jamnagar filed complaint on 18/06/1993 at 13/30 hours against accused Anwar Osman Vadher Musalman resident of Salaya Barlovas Hashmi Manzil for keeping in possession weapons unlawfully. The copy of FIR is annexed hereby.  The accused Anwar Osman Vadher resident of Salaya kept in his possession unlawfully and without license the 1) Foreign Carbon   Stand   gun   Magazine   worth   Rs.2   lacs,   2)   Foreign made revolver with eight cylinders in chamber worth Rs.60 thousand, 3) one foreign made revolver with six cylinders in chamber having worth Rs. 45 thousand, 4) one transmitter walky talky set foreign made worth Rs.1 lakh, 5) stand gun live cartridges nos. 52 nos. worth Rs.1040, 6) Revolver live cartridges   nos.   4   worth   Rs.80/­   and   therefore   he   was arrested on 19/00 of 18/06/1993. He was produced before the honourable court and a remand was sought, thereby a remand   till   01/07/1993   was   granted   and   during   the remand, upon further investigation, it was divulged by him that   the   weapons   were   obtained   from   1)   Mamummiya Panjumiya resident of Porbandar, 2) Junus Ibrahim Gajwa Vadher resident of Salaya, 3) Adam Jusab Bhaya Vadher resident of Salaya since deceased. Upon investigating as to the nos. 1 and 2, it was found that they had fled and thus the   further   investigation   is   held   so   as   to   arrest   these persons. Upon completion of the remand period of accused Anwar Osman Patel, the further remand was sought, but it was rejected by the court and thus the accused was sent to the court custody. As for the above mentioned offence, the sanction is received by letter no. VIR/ATK/1993/3717 dated 16 06/07/1993 from the side of the home department, for the purpose of application of TADA. Therefore it is submitted that relevant order be passed for sanction of section 20A(2) of TADA.  Sd/­ illegible P K Za District Superintendent of Police Jamnagar” 11. On the basis of this communication, Office Note (Exh. 83) was placed for consideration before A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­ 14).  The said Office Note (Exh.83) reads thus: “ Exhibit 83 (Office note) “Salaya Police station Crime I 21/93 under section 25(A), 25(1)AA B A, Customs act section 135 and section 3, 4 and 5 of the TADA act. From the house possessed and used by the accused Anwar Osman   Vadher   Musalman,   weapons   without   any   license being Foreign Carbon Stand gun Magazine worth Rs.2 lacs, Foreign made revolver with eight cylinders in chamber worth Rs.60 thousand, one foreign made revolver with six cylinders in chamber having worth Rs.45 thousand, one transmitter walky talky set foreign made worth Rs.1 lakh, stand gun live cartridges nos. 52 nos. worth Rs. 1040 and Revolver live cartridges nos. 4 worth Rs. 80/­ and upon investigation from the accused, he stated that, the weapons were obtained from 1) Mamummiya Panjumiya resident of Porbandar, 2) Junus Ibrahim Gajwa Vadher resident of Salaya, 3) Adam Jusab Bhaya   Vadher   resident   of   Salaya   (since   deceased).   Upon investigating as to the nos. 1 and 2, it was found that they had fled and thus the further investigation for these two persons.  Placed with regards: 17 It is a request to taken into perusal the order passed by the honourable Inspector General of Police at page P­19/NS. 2.  In the Salaya police station Crime I 21/93, Jamnagar City B Division Police station Crime 151/93, Panchnoshi B Division police station Crime I 57/93 and Bharwad Police Station Crime I 43/93, the S1 to S8 documents are placed on record for signature, in reference to the order passed by the Inspector General of Police. Kindly sign the same.  Orders giving permission for applying TADA as placed at S1 TO S8, which may please be illegible. Sd/­ ­1/11/1993” Indeed, P.K. Jha (PW­15) in his evidence has stated that 12. after sending the letter (Exh. 82), the DGP Mr. A.K. Tandon (PW­14)   had   summoned   him   with   papers   of   the   case   for discussion.   Further,   Mr.   Tandon   had   personally   discussed about the case with him. During that interaction, P.K. Jha had apprised the DGP about the details of the investigation and other   details   as   to   why   it   was   necessary   to   apply   the provisions of TADA and file the charge­sheet in that regard. Pramod Kumar Jha, DSP (PW­15) has been cross­examined by accused Nos.1 & 2.  In the cross­examination, he stood by his version that he had gone to Director General of Police (PW­14) 18 at Padadhari and had also gone to Ahmedabad but was unable to give the dates and time of the said meetings. He asserted that he had made notes about the meeting in his records and in his personal diary which is called E­statement.   However, the fact remains that the purported sanction   order   dated 3/9­11­93 (Exh.84) makes reference only to have taken note of the FIR and the proposal received from DSP, Jamnagar.  We may assume that the two officers – Pramod Kumar Jha (PW­ 15) and A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­14) had interacted regarding the   nature   of   investigation   before   issuing   the   purported sanction order dated 3/9­11­93 (Exh.84).   Even though A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­14) had asserted that he had fully applied his mind before issuing the purported sanction order under Section 20­A(2) of TADA, that order, however, is suggestive of a casual approach of  A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­14).  The same reads thus:   “ Annexure­P/5 Mark 80/5 Exh.84. No.J.1/1909/1/Salaya/21 93/4327. Office of DGP and Chief Police  Officer, Gujarat State, Ahmedabad 3­9/11­93. 19 Ref:­ 1. FIR of Salaya Police Stn. CR No.21/93 u/s. 122 of IP Code and u/s. 25(1)(A) 25(1AA) 25 (AB,AF) 25(1)(B)(A)(F) of Arms Act and u/s. 6(1)A of Wireless Telegraph Act and u/s. 20 of Telegraph Act and u/s. 135 of Customs Act and u/s. 3,4,5 of TADA Act.   ­­­­­­­­­­­ 2. Proposal No. DSP, Jamnagar, RB­D­121­ Proved in  1993/1810 dtd. 9­8­93 by DSP, Jamnagar.  Deposition of witness No.14 Mark 80/5 be exhibited at exh.84 in spl. case No.3/94. Sd/­ Desi. Judge, 4­7­06. Jamnagar. After carefully reading and considering the proposal for  approval to apply TADA section vide letter No. RBD/121/  1993/1810 dtd. 9­8­93 by DSP Jamnagar and FIR of  Jamnagar Dist. Salaya Police Station CR No.21/93 u/s. 122  of IP Code and u/s. 25(1)(A) of Arms and u/s. 3,4,5 of TADA  act, I A.K. Tandon, DGP and Chief Police Officer Gujarat  State, Ahmedabad do hereby approval/sanctioned to apply  TADA act 3,4,5 under amended provisions of amended TADA act 1987 (Amendment 1993) u/s. 20(1)(2). Sd/ A.K. Tandon DGP and Chief Police  Officer, Guj. State, Ahmedabad.  To, DSP, Jamnagar Dists. Jamnagar Copy to: Chief Special police officer/Dy. Chief Police Officer,  Rajkot Division, Rajkot, Addl. DGP Shri, CID, Crime and  Range Gujarat State, Ahmedabad. Sd/ Pramodkumar Asst. Chief Police Officer, Crime. Endorsement for true copy Copy applied for by Dy.S.P. Khambhalia on 13­4­07  And copy ready on 23­4­07 and copy delivered on  25­5­07. Sd/  Registrar 20 True copy. Sd/  Registrar. Dist. & Sessions Court,  Jam. Translated from guj.  Into eng. Version by me.”   13. On a fair reading of this document it is evident that the author of the document A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­14), adverted only   to   the   FIR   and   the   proposal   received   from   DSP, Jamnagar. The understanding of PW­14 was that the proposal received   from   DSP,   Jamnagar   (PW­15)   was   for   granting approval to apply provisions of TADA and the said proposal was   accepted.   The   respondents   have   rightly   relied   on   the dictum in   Gadhvi’s case   (supra), where a similar purported sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA issued by the very same officer A.K. Tandon, DGP (PW­14),   in respect of some other TADA case, came up for consideration. The wording of sanction order considered by this Court is similar to the one under consideration. In paragraph 9 of the reported judgment, the   said   sanction  order  has   been  reproduced,   which  reads thus:   21 “9. In this case the prosecution relies on Ext. 63, an order issued by the Director General of Police, Ahmedabad, on 3­9­ 1993, as the sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA. We are reproducing Ext. 63 below: “Sr. No. J­1/1909/1/Khambalia 55/93 Director General of Police, Dated 3­9­1993 Gujarat State, Ahmedabad. Perused :   (1)   FIR   in   respect   of   offence   Registered   No. 55/93 at Khambalia Police Station 25(1)( b )( a )( b ) of Arms Act and Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the TADA. (2) Application sent by DSP Jamnagar vide his letter No. RB/D/122/1993/1820 dated 9­8­1993. Having   considered   the   FIR   in   respect   of   offence Registered   No.   55/93   at   Khambalia   Police   Station District Jamnagar under Section 25(1)( b )( a )( b ) of Arms Act and Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA and letter No. RB/D/122/1993/1820 of DSP dated 9­8­1993 seeking permission to apply the provisions of TADA carefully, I A.K. Tandon, Director General of Police, Gujarat State, Ahmedabad   under   the   powers   conferred   under   the amended provisions of TADA (1993) Section 20­A(2) give permission to add Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA. A.K. Tandon Director General of Police Ahmedabad Gujarat” While analyzing the said sanction in paragraph 10, this Court observed thus:   “10.  Apparently   Ext.   63   makes   reference   only   to   two documents   which   alone   were   available   for   the   Director General   of   Police   to   consider   whether   sanction   should   be accorded or not. One is the FIR in this case and the other is the letter sent by the Superintendent seeking permission or sanction. No doubt in that letter to the Director General of Police the Superintendent of Police had narrated the facts of the case. But we may observe that he did not send any other document relating to the investigation or copy thereof along with the application. Nor did the Director General of Police 22 call for any document for his perusal. All that the DGP had before him to consider the question of granting sanction to prosecute   were   the   copy   of   the   FIR   and   the   application containing some skeleton facts. There is nothing on record to show   that   the   Director   General   of   Police   called   the Superintendent of Police at least for a discussion with him.” And  again  in paragraphs  14 and  15  of the  judgment,  this Court observed:  “14.   Apart   from   what   we   have   noticed   above,   the   non­ application of mind by the Director General of Police, Gujarat State, is even otherwise writ large in this case. A perusal of Ext. 63 ( supra ) shows that the Director General of Police in fact did not grant any sanction for the prosecution of the appellants.   Last   part   of   the   order   reads:   ‘I   A.K.   Tandon, Director General of Police, Gujarat State, Ahmedabad under the powers conferred under the amended provisions of TADA (1993) Section 20­A(2)   give permission to add Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA. ’ Thus, what the Director General of Police did was to grant  permission  “ to add Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA ” and   not   any   sanction   to   prosecute   the   appellants.   It   is pertinent to note here that the permission to add Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA had been granted by the Home Secretary, the   competent   authority,   much   earlier   and   no   such permission   was   sought   for   from   the   Director   General   of Police   by   the   DSP.   The   Designated   Court   thus,   failed   to notice that Ext. 63 was not an order of sanction but an unnecessary permission of the Director General of Police to add Sections 3, 4 and 5 of TADA. The Director General of Police,   apparently,   acted   in   a   very   casual   manner   and instead   of   discharging   his   statutory   obligations   under Section   20­A(2)   to   grant   (or   not   to   grant)   sanction   for prosecution proceeded to deal with the request of the DSP 23 contained in his letter dated 9­8­1993, as if it was a letter seeking   permission   to   apply   the   provisions   of   TADA.   The exercise exhibits that the Director General of Police did not even read, let alone consider “carefully”, the FIR and the letter of the DSP dated 9­8­1983. We cannot but express our serious   concern   at   this   casual   approach   of   the   Director General of Police. On a plain reading of Ext. 63, therefore, we must hold that it is not an order of  sanction  to prosecute the appellants as required by Section 20­A(2) of the Act.”  15.  In view of the aforesaid legal and factual position we have no doubt that sanction relied on by the prosecution in this case was not accorded by the Director General of Police in the manner required by law. Ext. 63 is not the result of a serious   consideration   and   the   document   reflects   scanty application of the mind of the sanctioning authority into vital and   crucial   aspects   concerning   the   matter.   It   vitiates sanction and hence Ext. 63 cannot be treated as sanction under Section 20­A(2) of TADA.” 14. The subject sanction (Exh.84) as aforesaid is issued by the very same officer and presumably prepared on the same th date 3.11.93, but signed and issued on 9   November, 1993. Even in the present case, reference is only to two documents reckoned by PW­14 before issuing the sanction. To wit, the FIR and the letter or proposal sent by the DSP, Jamnagar.  In the evidence, although it is asserted that the DSP (PW­15) was called for discussion and who, in turn, apprised him of all the 24 relevant   details   of   the   investigation,   but   that   fact   is   not reflected in any contemporaneous record.  No such record has been produced by the prosecution.  What is significant is the wording of the subject sanction (Exh.84). When juxtaposed with the sanction in the reported case (Exh.63 reproduced in paragraph 9 of the said judgment), it is obvious that even in the   present   case,   what   has   been   noted   in   Exh.84   is   the permission   to   apply   Sections   3,   4   and   5   of   TADA.     In paragraphs   14   and   15   of   the   reported   decision   extracted above, this Court opined that such noting was itself indicative of the fact that it was not a sanction to prosecute the accused but at best giving permission to apply the provisions of TADA. Such a sanction cannot be considered as a valid sanction, much less issued after due application of mind. We wish to adopt the same logic, which applies  proprio vigore   to the fact situation of the present  case. 15. In other words, the purported sanction dated 3/9­11­93 (Exh.84),   granted by PW­14 is not a valid sanction within the meaning of Section 20­A(2) of TADA.  It must, therefore, follow 25 that the Designated Court could not have taken cognizance of the   offences   punishable   under   TADA   for   want   of   a   valid sanction.  st Reverting to the sanction dated 1  April, 2005 (Exh.57), 16. concerning accused No.3/respondent No.3, issued under the signature of A.K. Bhargav  (who is not examined) read with the evidence of Yashodhar Ramchandra Vaidya (PW­10), it may appear that it has been issued after due consideration of all the relevant material, including police papers. The evidence of Yashodhar Ramchandra Vaidya (PW­10) indicates that a Yadi th was received on 27   March, 2005 in the Office of Director General of Police and Chief Police Officer, where the witness th was   working   as   ASI.   The   same   is   dated   11   March,   2005 (Exh.55), issued under the signature of R.S. Chudasama (PW­ 13).  It read thus:  “ EXHIBIT – 55 OUTWARD NO.RB/741/05 Office of the Deputy Superintendent of police  Khambhaliya Division, dated 11/03/2005 To, The Inspector General of Police Gujarat State, Gandhinagar. 26 Subject:  Sanction   for   filing   of   charge   sheet   against accused   Umarmiya   @Mamumiya   s/0   Ismailmiya   s/o Ismailmiya Panjumiya Saiyed Bukhari resident of Porbandar under   section   20   (a)   (2)   of   the   Terrorist   and   Disruptive Activities (Prevention) act 1987. The deputy superintendent of police, Khambhaliya Mr. R. S. Chudasama, hereby submit that, That investigation of the Salaya Police station Crime I 21/93 under section 121, 121A, 122, 34 of the IPC, section 26 (1) (AD) (1­AA), 25 (1­B) A, B, C, F, G and 27 (1) 29 (A) of the Arms   act,   section   6   (1)   A   of   the   Wireless   Telegraph   act, section 20 of the Telegraph act and section 3, 4 and 5 of the TADA act, is held by me.  On 18/06/1993 at 13/30 hours at the Salaya Police Station, on behalf of the state Mr. B. V. Jani police sub inspector LCB Branch, Jamnagar declared complaint against Anwar Osman SubhaniyaVagher resident of SalayaHussaini Chowk, Hazmi Manzil and declared that that accused was arrested with   the   muddamal   of   1)   Foreign   Carbon   Stand   gun Magazine   worth  Rs.2   lacs,  2)   Foreign  made  revolver  with eight cylinders in chamber worth Rs. 60 thousand, 3) one foreign made revolver with six cylinders in chamber having worth Rs.45 thousand, 4) one transmitter walky talky set foreign made worth Rs.1 lakh, 5) stand gun live cartridges nos. 52 nos. worth Rs.1040, 6) Revolver live cartridge nos. 4 worth Rs.80/­ and the above mentioned crime was registered in detail. The   above   mentioned   accused   Anwar   Osman,   during   the remand   showed   one   transmitter   walky   talky   wireless   set worth Rs. 75 thousand and during the remand he stated that two wireless set were purchased by him from accused Umarmiya @Mammumiya s/o Ismailmiya @PanjumiyaSaiyed Bukhari resident of Porbandar. In this manner the name of accused   Umarmiya   was   declared   for   the   crime   and   this accused   thereby   remained   absconding.   As   the   accused remained absconding, during the year 1994, the honourable 27 court notified the accused as absconding under section 8(3) of the TADA act. This   particular   accused   Umarmiya   @Mammumiya   s/o Ismailmiya   @PanjumiyaSaiyed   Bukhari   resident   of Probandar, was arrested for the Porbandar city Kamlabaug B Division police station Crime I 43/94 under sections 3, 4, 5, etc. of the TADA act on 10/12/2004 and he was brought before the Probandar Judicial First Class magistrate court No.1. In this particular case, the transfer warrant was issued by the Jamnagar designated court on 14/12/2004, it was sunmitted before the Porbandar court and the accused was brought before me after obtaining his custody by the police sub   inspector   Mr.   B.   V.   Pander   on   08/02/2005.   This particular accused was arrested as per proceedings in its presence of the panch witnesses on 08/02/2005 at 23­00 hours. During the hearing, the accused was brought before the   honourable   additional   sessions   and   designated   judge Khambhaliya and a remand of days­30 were sought for the accused and therefore the honourable court approved the remand in police custody, of the accused till 11­00 hours of 14/02/2005. During the remand, the accused was inquired from and he mentioned that, the two Walky Talky set that he gave to Anwar Osman Subhaniya were taken by him from his brother Abdullah Osman Subhaniya in the year 1985 for smuggling activities. Thereafter he gave both these Walky Talky  sets  to  Anwar   Osman  Suhaniya  and   thereby   these details   were   divulged   during   the   investigation.   Upon investigating as to Abdullah Osman Subhaniya, it came out during the investigation that, that particular person does not reside   in   Salaya   and   has   gone   to   Abu   Dhabhi   (Foreign nation).   As   for   this,   the   further   remand   of   15   days   was sought for the accused but it was rejected by the court and thereby he was taken under judicial custody.  The   evidence   found   during   the   investigation   against   the accused are hereby marked and provided. 
Mark ASalaya police station Crime I 21/93 FIR
Mark BPanchnama for taking into custody the
28
weapons dated 18/06/1993
Mark CDiscovery panchnama dated<br>29/06/1993 for Walky Talky shown by<br>the accused Anwar Osman Subhaniya<br>during the remand.
Mark DTotal 23 statements of the police officer<br>and staff that were present in the<br>raiding party.
Mark EThe statement of the accused Anwar<br>Osman Subhaniya dated 21/06/1993
Mark FThe order passed for application of<br>TADA sections in the Salaya Crime I<br>21/93
Mark GThe letter mentioning the details of case<br>registered against the accused<br>Umarmiya @Mammumiya s/o<br>Ismailmiya by Customs Porbandar for<br>smuggling silver.
Mark HThe FSL certificate issued by<br>Ahmedabad office for the weapons taken<br>into custody.
Mark IThe charge sheet no.19/94 registered<br>against the accused Anwar Osman<br>Subhaniya on 18/06/1994 and the<br>copy of the charge sheet wherein the<br>accused Mammumiya Panjumiya Saiyed<br>is shown as absconding under column<br>no.2.
Mark JThe letter under report no.4/93 under<br>section 8(3)(A) of TADA act against the<br>accused Mammumiya Panjumiya.
Mark KThe papers wherein the accused<br>Mammumiya Panjumiya was declared<br>absconding.
Mark LThe transfer warrant of accused<br>Mammumiya Panjumiya.
Mark MThe physical situation panchnama<br>dated 08/02/05 at the time of arrest of<br>accused Mammumiya Panjumiya.
Mark NFace mark register for accused<br>Mammumiya Panjumiya.
Mark OThe explanation dated 08/02/2005 to<br>14/02/2005 by accused Mammumiya<br>Panjumiya.
29
Mark PThe further statement dated 11­<br>12/02/2005 by accused Anwar Osman<br>Subhaniya.
Mark QThe further statement dated 11­<br>12/02/2005 by accused Junus Ibrahim<br>Gajan.
Mark RThe copy of court order for application<br>no.88/05 filed for days­30 remand<br>against the accused Mammumiya<br>Panjumiya.
Mark<br>SThe copy of court order for application<br>no.96/05 filed for days­15 remand<br>against the accused Mammumiya<br>Panjumiya.
In this manner, as for the purpose of filing a charge sheet under Section 20(A) (2) of the TADA act against the accused Saiyed   Bukhari   aged   50   years,   resident   of   Porbandar Thakkar   Plot,   Sheri   no.1,   Jamadar   Fadi,   the   sanction   is required   and  thus   it   is  hereby   submitted   that   the  above mentioned   documents   be   taken   into   perusal   and   the sanction be provided for filing a charge sheet against the accused under section 20(A)(2) of the TADA act.  Kindly consider the above.  Sd/­ illegible (R S Chudasama) Deputy Superintendent of Police Khambhaliya Division Sent with regards,  Superintendent of Police, Jamnagar.” 17. This was followed by a communication sent under the signature   of   Manoj   Shashidhar,   Superintendent   of   Police, th Jamnagar (not examined) dated 15  March, 2005 (Exh.56). It read thus: 30 “ Exhibit – 56 “OUTWARD NO. RB/illegible 4/2005 Office of the Superintendent of police Jamnagar, dated 15/03/2005 To,  The Inspector General of Police Gujarat State, Gandhinagar. Subject:  Sanction   for   filing   of   charge   sheet   against accused   Umarmiya   @Mamumiya   s/o   Ismailmiya   s/o Ismilmiya Panjumiya Saiyed Bukhari resident of Probandar under   section   20(a)(2)   of   the   Terrorist   and   Disruptive Activities   (Prevention)   act   1987,   so   as   to   held   further proceedings against him before the honourable court. Reference:  The   Deputy   superintendent   of   police, Khambhaliya   division   letter   No.RB/741/05   dated 11/03/2005. The investigation of the Salaya Police station Crime I 21/93 under section 121, 121A, 122, 34 of the IPC, section 26(1) (AD) (1­AA), 25 (1­B) A, B, C, F, G and 27 (1) 29(A) of the Arms   act,   section   6   (1)   A   of   the   Wireless   Telegraph   act, section 20 of the Telegraph act and section 3, 4 and 5 of the TADA   act,   is   held   by   deputy   superintendent   of   police, Khambhaliya Mr. R.S. Chudasama.  On 18/06/1993 at 13/30 hours at the Salaya Police Station, on behalf of the state Mr. B. V. Jani police sub inspector LCB Branch, Jamnagar declared complaint against Anwar Osman   Subhaniya   Vagher   resident   of   Salaya   Hussaini Chowk, Hazmi Manzil and declared that the accused was arrested with the muddamal of 1) Foreign Carbon Stand gun Magazine worth Rs. 2 lacs, 2) Foreign made revolver with eight cylinders in chamber worth Rs.60 thousand, 3) one foreign made revolver with six cylinders in chamber having worth Rs. 45 thousand, 4) one transmitter walky talky set foreign made worth Rs.1 lakh, 5) stand gun live cartridges nos. 52 nos. worth Rs. 1040, 6) Revolver live cartridges nos. 31 4   worth   Rs.   80/­   and   the   above   mentioned   crime   was registered in detail.  The   above   mentioned   accused   Anwar   Osman,   during   the remand   showed   one   transmitter   walky   talky   wireless   set worth Rs.75 thousand and during the remand he stated that two   wireless   set   were   purchased   by   him   from   accused Umarmiya   @Mammumiya   s/o   Ismailmiya   @Panjumiya Saiyed Bukhari resident of Probandar. In this manner the name of accused Umarmiya @ Mammumiya s/o Ismailmiya @Panjumiya   Saiyed   Bukhari   resident   of   Porbandar   was declared for the crime and this accused thereby remained absconding. As the accused remained absconding, during the year 1994, the honourable court notified the accused as absconding under section 8(3) of the TADA act.  The   particular   accused   Umarmiya   @   Mammumiya   s/o Ismailmiya   @   Panjumiya   Saiyed   Bukhari   resident   of Porbandar, was arrested for the Probandar city Kamlabaug B Division police station Crime I 43/94 under Sections 3, 4, 5, etc. of the TADA act on 10/12/2004 and he was brought before the Probandar Judicial First Class magistrate court no.1. In this particular case, the transfer warrant was issued by the Jamnagar designated court on 14/12/2004, it was submitted   before   the   Porbandar   court.   The   accused Umarmiya   @Mammumiya   s/o   Ismailmiya   @Panjumiya Saiyed Bukhari resident of Porbandar was brought before superintendent   of   police,   Khambhaliya   division   Mr.   R.S. Chudasama after obtaining his custody by the police sub inspector Mr. B.V. Pander on 08/02/2005. This particular accused was arrested as per proceedings in the presence of the panch witnesses on 08/02/2005 at 23­00 hours. During the hearing, the accused was brought before the honourable additional sessions and designated judge Khambhaliya and a remand   of   days­30   were   sought   for   the   accused   and therefore   the   honourable   court   approved   the   remand   in police   custody,   of   the   accused   till   11­00   hours   of 14/02/2005. During the remand, the accused was inquired from and he mentioned that, the two Walky Talky set that he 32 gave to Anwar Osman Subhaniya were taken by him from his brother Abdullah Osman Subhaniya in the year 1985 for smuggling activities. Thereafter he gave both these Walky Talky sets to Anwar Osman Suhaniya during 1989/90 and thereby these details were divulged during the investigation. Upon   investigating   as   to   Abdullah   Osman   Subhaniya,   it came   out   during   the   investigation   that,   that   particular person   does   not   reside   in   Salaya   and   has   gone   to   Abu Dhabhi (Foreign nation). As for this, the further remand of 15   days   were   sought   for   the   accused   Umarmiya @Mammumiya s/o Ismailmiya @Panjumiya Saiyed Bukhari resident of Probandar but it was rejected by the court and thereby he was taken under judicial custody. The evidence found   during   the   investigation   against   the   accused   are hereby provided as marked along with the letter submitted.  In this manner, as for the purpose of filing a charge sheet under section 20(A) (2) of the TADA act against the accused Umarmiya   @Mammumiya   s/o   Ismailmiya   @Panjumiya Saiyed   Bukhari   aged   50   years,   resident   of   Porbandar Thakkar Plot, Sheri no.1, Jamadar Fadi, it is requested that a sanction be provided. Kindly consider the above.  Annexed: The documents placed on record along with the letter. Sd/­ illegible (Manoj Shashidhar) Superintendent of Police Jamnagar Copy sent: Deputy Superintendent of police Khambhaliya Division, Khambhaliya” 33 st 18. The   purported  sanction  dated  1   April,  2005  (Exh.57) was finally issued under the signature of A.K. Bhargav, IGP (not examined). The stated sanction reads thus:  “ Exh.57. Mark 13/18 No. G­1(Crime/T­1/TADA chargesheet/approval/1239/2005 Office of DIG and Chief Police officer Gujarat State Police Bhavan, Sector 18 Gandhinagar.. proved in deposition of Yashodhar Ramchandra in sessions case No.3/94 mark 13/8 is given exhi. in deposition of witness No.10. Sd/ Designated Judge, Jamnagar. Ref:­ 1. Regarding giving of approval for chargesheet u/s. 20(A)(2) of TADA act against accused Umarmiya Aliyas Mamumiya S/o Ismailmiya   Alias   Panjumiya   Bukshari   resi.   of   Porbander   for offence u/s. 121, 121(A), 122, 34 of IPC and u/s. 1(AD) (1 AA) 25(1B), ABCFG and 27(1), 29(A) of Arms act and u/s. 1 of Wire­ less Telegraphic act and u/s. 20 of Telegraph act and u/s. 3,4,5 of TADA act who was arrested on Salaya CR No. 21/93. 2.  Proposal for giving sanctioned for chargesheet under TADA act letter No. RBR/1014/2005 dtd. 15­3­05 of DSP, Jamnagar. ­­­­­­­ After carefully considering and going through the proposal for giving approval for chargesheet under the TADA act of the papers and the letter No.RBR/1014/2005 dtd. 15­3­05 of DSP, Jamnagar   and   going   through   the   FIR   filed   against   accused Umarmiya Mamumiya S/o. Ismailmiya alias Panjumiya Bukhari of Porbander who is arrested for the offence u/s. 121, 121 A, 122, 34 of IPC and u/s. (1) (AD) (1AA) 25(1B) A,B,C,F,G and 27(1), 29(A) of Arms and u/s. (1) A of Wireless telegraphic act and u/s. 20 of Telegraph acts and under sec. 3,4,5 of TADA act in Salaya Police station 21/93  Dist. , Jamnagar I A.K. Bhargav IG and Chief Police officer   Gujarat   State   Gandhinagar   do   hereby   grant 34 approval/sanctioned under the provisions of TADA Act 1980 sec. 20(A) (2) Amended 1993 for filing chargesheet against Umarmiya alias   Mamumiya   S/o.   Ismailmiya   Alias   Panjumiya   Bukhari   of Porbander in CR No.21/39 u/s. 20(A) (2) of TADA act.  Sd/ A.K. Bhargav IGP and Chief Police officer  Gujarat State Gandhinagar. Inward No. 14237 office of DSP, Jamnagar. RB To IO and SDPO KBL for N/A.    Sd/­ Illegible 15­4­05” 19. On a bare perusal of Exh.57, there is nothing to indicate as to whether the sanctioning authority was conscious of the materials   gathered   during   investigation   qua   the   concerned accused   (respondent   No.3),   which   merely   suggested possession and recovery of two walky­talkies from him. If that is   the   only   incriminatory   material   against   accused No.3/respondent   No.3,   the   sanctioning   authority   ought   to have pondered over the crucial aspects including as to how such possession would entail in commission of any offence muchless punishable under Sections 4 or 5 of TADA. Further, section 3 of TADA posits different offences, namely, terrorist 35 acts [Section 3(2)], being party to conspiracy or abetment or knowingly facilitating the commission of terrorist acts [Section 3(3)],   harbouring   or   concealing   any   terrorist   [Section   3(4)], being   member of a terrorist gang or terrorist organization, which is involved in terrorist acts [Section 3(5)], and to hold any   property   derived   or   obtained   from   commission   of   any terrorist   act   [Section   3(6)].   The   sanctioning   authority   was under a bounden duty to accord sanction, specific to offences, from amongst the different offences under sub­sections (1) to (6) of Section 3 of TADA.  Similarly, we are at a loss to know as to how Sections 4 & 5 of TADA would apply to a case of mere possession   of   walky­talkies.   Section   4   refers   to   disruptive activities   whereas   Section   5   refers   to   possession   of unauthorized classified arms and ammunition. A walky­talky is certainly not one of those classified arms and ammunition. In   our   opinion,   the   purported   sanction   vide   Exh.57   also suffers from the vice of non­application of mind, on this count alone.  36 20. The necessity of obtaining prior sanction under Section 20­A(2) need not be underscored considering the draconian provisions of TADA. In our opinion, therefore, even sanction st qua   accused   No.3/respondent   No.3   dated   1   April,   2005 (Exh.57)   does   not   stand   the   test   of   a   valid   sanction   to prosecute him for offences punishable under TADA. Indeed, the prosecution has relied on the evidence of PW­10 and PW­ 13. That, in our opinion, at best, would suggest that all the relevant papers gathered during the investigation were placed for consideration before the sanctioning authority.   The fact remains   that   Exh.57   issued   under   the   signature   of   A.K. Bhargav, IGP, makes no attempt to even remotely indicate as to why sanction to prosecution for offences punishable under Sections 3, 4 or 5 of TADA has been accorded qua accused No.3/respondent No.3 merely on the basis of possession and recovery of two walky­talkies from him. Further, he has not been   examined   by   the   prosecution   which   also   could   have thrown light on that crucial aspect. Therefore,   we have no st hesitation in concluding that the sanction dated 1  April, 2005 37 (Exh.57), is not a valid sanction qua accused No.3/respondent No.3.   21. We are conscious of the fact that the Designated Court did not frame any issue regarding validity of prior approval under Section 20­A(1) or prior sanction under Section 20­A(2). As the question of prior approval or prior sanction goes to the root of the matter and is  sine qua non  for a valid prosecution concerning TADA offences and including the jurisdiction of the Designated Court, no fault can be found with the Designated Court for having answered that issue at the outset.  22. The next question is whether the Designated Court could have had convicted the respondents for offences punishable under other enactments (other than TADA). Even though the Designated Court, in paragraph 17 of the impugned judgment, took note of the fact that the learned APP had not alternatively argued this point, it went on to analyse the efficacy of the evidence   on   record   in   reference   to   offences   under   other enactments   namely,   IPC,   Arms   Act,   Indian   Telegraph   Act, Indian Wireless and Telegraphy Act. It noted that the fulcrum 38 of   the   prosecution   case   was   founded   on   the   confessional statement of the accused, which came to be recorded under the provisions of TADA. It took the view that since the accused cannot   be   proceeded   for   TADA   offences   for   lack   of   a  valid sanction, that confessional statement will be of no avail and cannot be looked at in reference to charges for offences under other enactments (not being admissible) muchless to record a finding   of  guilt  against  the   accused   for  offences  under the other enactments. It also found that the evidence regarding search and recovery was replete with fatal deficiencies and was insufficient  to establish the complicity of the respondents in the commission of offences under the other enactments. Thus,   it   held   that   the   accused   deserved   to   be   acquitted. However, relying on the observations in paragraphs 17 and 18 of   Gadhvi’s   case   (supra),   it   erroneously   opined   that   the Designated Court had no independent power to try any other offence, as valid sanction under Section 20­A (2) was not in place.  39 23. We may hasten to observe that it is now well settled that the Designated Court, besides trying the case under TADA, can also try any other offence with which the accused may be charged at the same trial if the offences are connected with offences under TADA. For, implicit power has been bestowed upon the Designated Court to convict the accused for offences under other enactments if there is legally admissible evidence to   establish   those   charges.   We   may   usefully   refer   to   the dictum in paragraph 37 of the Constitution Bench judgment in (supra)  which reads Prakash Kumar alias Prakash Bhutto  thus:  “37.  The   legislative   intendment   underlying   Sections   12(1) and (2)  is clearly  discernible,  to  empower  the Designated Court to try and convict the accused for offences committed under any other law along with offences committed under the Act, if the offence is connected with such other offence. The language “if the offence is connected with such other offence”   employed   in   Section   12(1)   of   the   Act   has   great significance.   The   necessary   corollary   is   that   once   the other offence is connected with the offence under TADA and if the accused is charged under the Code and tried together   in   the   same   trial,   the   Designated   Court   is empowered to convict the accused for the offence under any other law, notwithstanding the fact that no offence   This   could   be   the   only under   TADA   is   made   out. intendment   of   the   legislature.   To   hold   otherwise,   would amount to rewrite or recast legislation and read something into it which is not there.” 40 (emphasis supplied) This exposition has been applied by a Two Judge Bench in a recent   decision   in   Ashrafkhan   alias   Babu   Munnekhan 10 Pathan   & Anr. Vs. State of Gujarat ,   as is evident from paragraph 41, which reads thus:   “41.  We have held the conviction of the accused to have been vitiated on account of non­compliance with Section 20­A(1) of TADA and thus, it may be permissible in law to maintain   the   conviction   under   the   Arms   Act  and   the Explosive Substances Act but that shall only be possible when there are legally admissible evidence to establish  The Designated Court has only relied on the those charges. confessions recorded under TADA to convict the accused for offences under the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act.   In   view   of   our   finding   that   their   conviction   is vitiated on account of non­compliance of the mandatory requirement of prior approval under Section 20­A(1) of TADA, the confessions recorded cannot be looked into to establish the guilt under the aforesaid Acts.   Hence, the conviction of the accused under Sections 7 and 25(1­A) of the   Arms   Act   and   Sections   4,   5   and   6   of   the   Explosive Substances Act cannot also be allowed to stand.” (emphasis supplied) 24. Even   in   the   present   case,   it   is   noticed   that   the prosecution   has   essentially   relied   upon   the   confessional 10  (2012) 11 SCC 606 41 statement  of  the   accused   recorded   under   the  provisions  of TADA. That will be of no avail and certainly not admissible against   the   accused   in   the   trial   for   offences   under   other enactments, especially when the Designated Court could not have taken cognizance of the offence under TADA for lack of a valid sanction. Additionally, in the present case, the evidence produced by the prosecution regarding search and seizure is replete with fatal deficiencies. We do not wish to deviate from the view taken by the Designated Court that there was no legally admissible evidence to establish the charges against the respondents regarding offences under other enactments (other than TADA).  Having   said   this,   it   must   follow   that   the   conclusion 25. reached by the Designated Court, that the respondents are not guilty of the offences for which they were charged and tried, needs no interference for the reasons mentioned hitherto.  42 26. In   view   of   the   above,   the   appeals   must   fail   and   are dismissed.      …………………………..….J.  (A.M. Khanwilkar) …………………………..….J.  (Ajay Rastogi) New Delhi; February  27, 2019.