CHOWGULE AND COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED vs. GOA FOUNDATION

Case Type: Miscellaneous Application

Date of Judgment: 13-10-2020

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1 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION M.A.NO.1260 OF 2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO. 839 OF 2020 CHOWGULE AND COMPANY                              …APPLICANT(S)/ PRIVATE  LIMITED                     ...APPELLANT(S)    VERSUS GOA FOUNDATION & ORS.                            ... RESPONDENT(S) WITH M.A.NOS.1385­1387/2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NOS.840­842 OF 2020 M.A.NO.1384/2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO. 843 OF 2020  M.A.NO.1345 /2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO.848 OF 2020 M.A.NO.1344/2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO. 847 OF 2020 M.A.NO.1625/2020 IN CIVIL APPEAL NO.839 OF 2020 O R D E R 1. While M.A.Nos.1260, 1344, 1345, 1384, 1385, 1386 and 1387   of   2020   are   applications   filed   by   the   lessees   of manganese/iron   ore   mines,   seeking   extension   of   time   for   the transportation of the mineral alleged to have been mined before Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Rachna Date: 2020.10.13 15:50:23 IST Reason: 15.03.2018, M.A.No.1625 of 2020 is filed by the Goa Foundation, 2 which was the writ petitioner before the High Court and the first respondent in the Civil Appeals before this Court, praying for certain directions and for a clarification of the judgment delivered by this Court in Civil Appeal No.839 of 2020 dated 30.01.2020. 2. M.A.No.1653 of 2020 is by a person who claims to be one of the lease holders but who was not a party to the Civil Appeals. As the applicant was not a party to the Civil Appeals, he has come up with an application for intervention so as to enable him to seek extension of time for transporting the mineral allegedly extracted on or before 15.03.2018. 3. We have heard learned counsel appearing for the parties. 4. Brief facts essential for the disposal of these applications are as follows:­ 1 (i) In  Goa Foundation   vs.   Union of India ­I , this Court held   that   all   iron­ore   and   manganese­ore   leases   had expired   on   22.11.2007   and   that   any   mining   operation carried out beyond the said date was illegal.  While holding so, this Court also pointed out that for a second renewal of 1  (2014) 6 SCC 590 3 the mining lease, an order is required to be passed by the State; (ii) The   observations   regarding   second   renewal   of   the mining leases, gave rise to a fresh set of litigations, which culminated in the decision in   Goa Foundation   vs.   Sesa 2 II .   In paragraph 154 of the said decision, Sterlite Ltd.­ this Court recorded 9 conclusions, one of which in para 154.6, reads as follows:­ “...                        
154.6.The mining leaseholders who have been granted
the second renewal in violation of the decision and
directions of this Court inGoa Foundation[Goa
Foundationv.Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC 590] are given
time to manage their affairs and may continue their
mining operations till15­3­2018. However, they are
directed to stop all mining operations with effect from
16­3­2018until fresh mining leases (not fresh renewals
or other renewals) are granted and fresh environmental
clearances are granted.”
(iii) The aforesaid directions led to a fresh bout of litigation, that culminated in the order by this Court on 30.01.2020 in Civil Appeal Nos.839­848 of 2020.  The controversy that revolved around paragraph 154.6   Goa Foundation­II   was as to whether the time given to the lease holders to manage their affairs up to 15.03.2018 would include the time to 2  (2018) 4 SCC 218 4 remove the mined mineral.   This controversy was resolved by this Court in the judgment dated 30.01.2020 which we may call  .  This Court held therein:­ Goa Foundation­III (1)           that   the   only   prohibition   imposed   by paragraph   154.6   of   Goa   Foundation­II   was   for carrying   out   mining   operations     and   not transportation; and (2)       that the  policy decision of the State of Goa dated   21.03.2018,   to   permit   the   transportation   of mineral mined prior to 15.03.2018 was valid. (iv) After   so   interpreting   paragraph   154.6   of   Goa Foundation­II,  this Court also took note of Rule 12(1)(gg) of The Minerals (Other than Atomic and Hydro Carbons Energy Minerals)   Concession   Rules,   2016,   which   also   allows   a period of six months for the lessees to remove the excavated material, on the expiry or sooner termination of the term of lease.   Accordingly,   this   Court,   by   its   order   dated 30.01.2020,   granted   a   period   of   6   months   to   all   lease holders to transport the mineral already excavated on or before 15.03.2018; (v) The time granted by this Court to the lease holders, by the order  dated 30.01.2020 expired on 30.07.2020.  A lock down   was   clamped   on   24.03.2020   due   to   the   pandemic. 5 Therefore, a few lessees have come up with the aforesaid applications for extension of time by six months with effect from   01.10.2020   for   the   transportation   of   the   mineral allegedly extracted by them on or before 15.03.2018; (vi) Contending that the benefit of extension of time should be granted also to them, a lessee who did not challenge the order of the High Court by way of a civil appeal, has come up with an application for intervention, in the disposed of Civil Appeals; (vii) Goa Foundation which was the first respondent in the Civil Appeals has come up with an independent application seeking the following reliefs:­ (a) Clarify that the judgment/order, dated 30.1.2020, passed in Civil Appeal No.839 of 2020 only applies to or on which royalty has been paid prior to 15.03.2018; (b) Direct the Directorate of Mines & Geology of the Government of Goa (Respondent No.4) to recover the amounts   involved   in   transportation   and   sale   of mineral in violation of the order dated 30.01.2020; (c) Direct the State of Goa (Respondent No.2) to take possession   of   all   active   and   passive   mining   leases forthwith in compliance of the aforesaid judgment; (d) Pass such other or further order(s) as this Hon’ble Court may deem fit in the facts and circumstances of the case in favour of the Applicant. 6 Intervention application   5. Let us first take up the intervention application, as it is capable of being disposed without much ado.  The applicants in M.A. No.1653 of 2020 did not challenge the order of the High Court   before   this   Court.     Even   if   he   had   benefited   by   the judgment dated 30.01.2020, by virtue of the policy of the State dated 21.03.2018, which we upheld, the applicant cannot now seek   the   benefit   of   extension.   Therefore,   the   application   for intervention is  dismissed. Applications   for   extension   of   time   and   application   of   Goa Foundation for directions 6. Applications for extension of time have been filed by the lessees primarily on two grounds namely:­ (1) the delay on the part of the statutory authorities in issuing transit permits for the transportation of the royalty paid ore; and (2) the imposition of lockdown within two months of the judgment of this Court dated 30.01.2020. 7. But the applications for extension of time are opposed by Goa Foundation  on the grounds  inter alia :­ 7 (1) that   the   ore   on   which   royalty   had   not   already been paid, can never be removed; (2) that   even   as   per   the   affidavit   of   the   Chief Secretary  of  the  State,  the  ore  inside  the  lease­hold area on which advance royalty had already been paid, was only 73,850.26 tonnes; (3) that in terms of Rule 12(1)(hh) of   The Minerals (Other   than   Atomic   and   Hydro   Carbons   Energy Minerals)   Concession   Rules,   2016,   the   mineral   not removed   within   a   period   of   six   calendar   months   is liable to be confiscated to the Government; and  (4) any extension of time is bound to be misused by the lessees. 8. On the same grounds as aforesaid, Goa Foundation has also sought some directions in M.A.No.1625 of 2020, which we have already extracted above.    9. From   the   rival   contentions   raised   in   the   applications   for extension of time and in the petition for directions, two issues arise for consideration.  They are :­ (1) whether the right to remove the mined minerals is only   in   respect   of   “the   royalty   paid   ore”   or   upon 8 payment   of   royalty   at   the   time   of   movement   and disposal; and (2) whether   the   State   Government   ought   to   have invoked Rule 12 (1)(hh) of the Rules or not? 10. For finding an answer to issue no.1, we have to take a look at the statutory provisions.  Section 9 of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, deals with royalties in respect of mining leases.  Sub­section (1) of Section 9 deals with the liability to pay royalty by the holder of a mining lease granted before the commencement of the Act.   Sub­section (2) of Section 9 deals with the liability of a holder of a mining lease granted on after commencement of the Act. 11. Obviously, Section 9(2) is what may be applicable to the lessees who are now before us.  It reads as follows:­ “9. Royalties in respect of mining leases.­ …                       …                         …                           … (2)  The holder of a mining lease granted on or after the commencement of this Act shall pay royalty in respect of any   mineral   removed   or   consumed   by   him   or   by   his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub­lessee from the leased area at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in respect of that mineral. …                       …                            …                        ...” 9 12. Therefore,   the   contention   of   the   lessees   that   royalty   is payable   at   the   time   of   removal   or   consumption,   cannot   be rejected outright.  We must keep in mind the fact that we are now dealing   with   the   miscellaneous   applications   in   a   disposed   of matter.  Therefore, a substantial question as to when the royalty is payable, cannot be decided at this stage.   13. We may also point out one more fact.  The question whether royalty had already been paid or not assumed significance in the second   round   of   litigation,   in   respect   of   the   minerals excavated/mined on or before 15.03.2018 and removed to jetties. The order dated 04.04.2018 in SLP(C)Nos.8483 & 8484 of 2018, and the order dated 11.05.2018 in SLP(C)No.12449 of 2018 used the expression “royalty paid ore”, in the context of the mineral removed from the mines and brought to the jetties on or before 15.03.2018.   Therefore, the first objection of   Goa Foundation cannot be sustained.   In any case the acceptance of the said objection   would   tantamount   to   reviewing   the   judgment   dated 30.01.2020, without an application for review.   14. Coming to the second contention, the same revolves around Rule 12(1)(hh)  of   The   Minerals  (Other than Atomic  and Hydro 10 Carbon Energy Minerals) Concession Rules, 2016, which reads as follows:­ “… (hh)   if at the end of six calendar months after the expiry or sooner termination of the lease term there shall remain in or upon the leased land, any ore or mineral, engines, machinery, plant,   buildings   structures,   tramways,   railways   and   other work, erections and conveniences or other property which are not required by the lessee in connection with operations in any other lands held by it under prospecting licence or mining lease, the same shall, if not removed by the lessee within one calendar   month   of   being   notified   to   do   so   by   the   State Government, be deemed to become the property of the State Government and may be sold or disposed of in such manner as the State Government shall deem fit without liability to pay any   compensation   or   to   account   to   the   lessee   in   respect thereof. …” 15. By virtue of the aforesaid Rule, any (i) ore or mineral; (ii) engines;   (iii)  plant   and   machinery;   (iv)   building   structures;   (v) tramways,   railways   and   other   work;   (vi)   erections   and conveniences; and (vii) other property which are not required by the lessee in connection with operations in any other land held by it under a mining lease, shall be deemed to become the property of the Government if two conditions are satisfied, namely:­ (i) that   such   property   remained   in   or   upon   the leased   land, at the end of six calendar months after the expiry or sooner termination of the lease term; and 11 (ii) that such property is not removed by the lessee within one calendar month of being notified to do so by the State Government.  16. Therefore,  Goa Foundation  may be right in contending that the   State   Government   should   have   invoked   Rule   12(1)(hh)   to confiscate the mineral allegedly lying at site for the past more than 2½ years.  But the difficulty today is that Rule 12(1)(hh) was not   pressed   into   service   before   this   Court,   when   this   Court rendered   its   judgment   dated   30.01.2020.     As   a   result,   the judgment dated 30.01.2020 giving six months’ time to the lessees to remove the material, has attained finality.  If the lessees had removed the material within the six months’  period prescribed in the judgment 30.01.2020,   could not have come Goa Foundation up with this contention.  In fact, the application for clarification/ direction in M.A.No.1625 of 2020 was filed only in September, 2020, after the expiry of six months’ period granted by this Court by the judgment dated 30.01.2020. 17. Having said that, we should also clarify that we should not be understood as saying as though the power under Rule 12(1) 12 (hh) is no more available to the State.   Even now there is no impediment for the State to invoke Rule 12(1)(hh).   18. One   last   contention   was   with   regard   to   the   quantity   of mineral allegedly mined on or before 15.03.2018, but lying un­ removed   from  lease­hold  area.    The   learned   Advocate  General stated   that   the   Government   has   complete   details   about   the mineral already excavated on or before 15.03.2018 and lying at site.  The lessees cannot remove more than what the records of the Government, already maintained in the course of discharge of official duties of the concerned officers, reflect.  In the judgment dated 30.01.2020, this Court has proceeded in good faith that all mining activities have been stopped on 15.03.2018 and that the mineral mined until then is what is sought to be removed now. Therefore, this should be made subject to the verification with reference to records.   19. In the light of the above, the applications for extension of time   filed   by   the   lessees   and   the   application   for clarification/direction filed by  are disposed of to Goa Foundation  the following effect:­ 13 (1) The   lessees   are   granted   time   up   to   end   of January,   2021   for   the   removal   of   the   minerals excavated/mined on or before 15.03.2018 subject to payment of royalties and other charges; (2) The quantity of mineral to be removed by each of the   lessees   shall   be   determined   by   the   concerned officials   with   reference   to   the   records   of   the Government maintained at the relevant point of time; (3) If within the time stipulated above, the lessees could not remove the mineral, the Government shall invoke the power under Rule 12(1)(hh). ....................................CJI (S.A. Bobde) .......................................J. (A.S. Bopanna) ........................................J. (V. Ramasubramanian) New Delhi October  13, 2020