Full Judgment Text
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PETITIONER:
K. MURUGAN ETC. ETC.
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
FENCING ASSN. OF INDIA, JABALPUR & ORS. ETC. ETC.
DATE OF JUDGMENT22/02/1991
BENCH:
MISRA, RANGNATH (CJ)
BENCH:
MISRA, RANGNATH (CJ)
KANIA, M.H.
KULDIP SINGH (J)
CITATION:
1991 SCR (1) 658 1991 SCC (2) 412
JT 1991 (1) 676 1991 SCALE (1)259
ACT:
Societies Registration Act, 1860-Section 3-Indian
Olympic Association-Rules and regulation regarding election
of President-Sports Association-Responsibility placed on
society held not responded.
Constitution of India, 1950-Article 136-Appeal against
High Court order-Indian Olympic Association-Election to
office of President-Rule relating to meetings and rights
appurtenant to elective office-Inapplicability of.
HEADNOTE:
The Indian Olympic Association was a society registered
under the Societies Registration Act, with the principal
object to sponsor, supervise, finance, regulate and control
all aspects of sports activity in relation to the Asian,
Commonwealth, Olympic and International competitions. The
Society had a set of rules and regulations. There are five
categories of members described in Rule 3. The management
of the affairs of the Association is entrusted to an
Executive Council defined in Rule 1(v). Rule 8 provided
that the Executive Council shall have (i) a President, (ii)
9 Vice Presidents, (iii) a Secretary-General, (iv) 6 Joint
Secretaries, (v) a Treasurer and (vi) 19 Members. The terms
of the Executive Council was to be 4 years, while Rule 11
provides the voting procedure.
The Indian Olympic Association was reconstituted with
effect from 28 of October, 1984, with the appellant in C.A.
No. 852 of 1991, Shri V. C. Shukla as the President, K.
Murugan, the appellant in C.A. No. 848 of 1991 as one of the
6 Joint Secretaries.
In November, 1988, one of the Vice-President of the
1984 Executive Council, Shri B.S. Adityan, the appellant in
C.A. No. 849/91 was elected as President for a term of four
years.
On 16th of May, 1990, there was a requisition of 17
Members for a special general meeting for considering the
move of a no confidence
659
motion against the aforesaid Shri B.S. Adityan and his
Executive Council. This initiated a period of confrontation
between the two groups in the Association.
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In May 1990, the Executive Council overruled the
aforesaid requisition as invalid and President Adityan
called a metting of the General Assembly at Madras for 15th
of June, 1990. For the same day the other group summoned a
meeting at New Delhi. This aforesaid situation led to Court
proceedings, and the Delhi High Court restrained the
requisitionists from holding their meeting at New Delhi and
appointed a retired Judge of the Delhi High Court as an
observer for the meeting to be held at Madras. At this
meeting Shri V.C. Shukla, the appellant in C.A. No. 852/91
claimed to have been elected.
The matter was taken to Court and a Single Judge
decided in favour of Shri B.S. Adityan, the appellant
C.A.No. 8549/91, but when the matter came up before the Full
Bench of the High Court, it remitted the matter to a Single
Judge who appointed a retired Judge of this Court to
discharge the function of the President of the Association
as an interim measure. This Order has been challenged by
the appellants in Civil Appeals Nos. 852-853/91.
The Fencing Association of India filed a civil suit at
Jabalpur for the declaration that Shri V. C. Shukla had been
duly elected. The application for injunction from having
been rejected by the Trial Judge, an appeal had been taken
to the High Court where the Single Judge ordered status quo.
Two Civil Appeals were also filed against this order.
It was contended on behalf of the appellants that under
the rules the term of the President and the Executive
Council was four years and in the absence of a clear
provision for a vote of no confidence which would curtail
the period, there could be no reduction of the period of
office, and that the entire Executive Council could not be
voted out of office by a motion of no confidence.
Disposing of the appeals, this Court,
HELD: 1. Sports in modern times has been considered to
be a matter of great importance to the community.
International sports has assumed greater importance and has
been in the focus for over a few decades. [664D-E]
660
2. It is unfortunate that the highest body incharge of
monitoring all aspects of such sports has got involved in
group fight leading to litigation and the objectives of the
I.O.A. have been lost sight of. The representation of India
in the I.O.A. has been in jeopardy. [664E-F]
3. The grooming of amateurs has been thrown to the
winds and the responsibility placed on the Society has not
been responded. This, therefore, does not appear to be a
situation where rights to office will have to be worked out
by referring to the provisions of the law relating to
meetings, injunction and rights appurtenant to elective
offices. [664F-G]
4. What seems to be of paramount importance is that
healthy conditions must be restored as early as possible
into the working of the Society and a fresh election has to
be held as that seems to be the only way to get out of the
malady. [644G-H]
5. The entire nation is looking up to the results of
the competitions at the international games when they are
held. I.O.A. has great responsibilities to discharge in
organising and streamlining the national sport activities
intended for international events. The monitoring has to be
a continuous one and unless the scheme is ongoing and is
made result-oriented, the international performance cannot
be up to any appreciable level. [664G-665B]
6. This does not appear to be a matter where individual
rights in terms of the rules and regulations of the Society
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should engage attention. [664D-E]
7. It is appropriate that all the litigations now
pending should abate, and for appropriate functioning of the
Society the litigation outside the headquarters of the
Society should not be permitted. [665B-C]
8. A fresh Executive Council should be set up and for
that purpose, elections should be held within two months
hence; a retired Judge of this Court is appointed to conduct
the elections keeping the provisions of the rules and
regulations of the I.O.A. in view. All the proceedings in
the different High Courts abate. [665C-D, G]
9. It is directed that the Union of India should take
greater interest in organising sports both for national and
international purposes. Sports have a role to play in
building up good citizens. That
661
aspect should be kept in view, while a lot of money is
allotted for the purpose of improvement of sports, the
result has been considerably poor and deceptive. This
aspect of the criticism hear from everywhere in this country
shall also be given due consideration. [666A-B]
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 848 of
1991 etc etc.
From the Judgment and Order dated 14.12.1990 of Madhya
Pradesh High Court in M.A. No. 227 of 1990.
Kapil Sibal, H.N. Salve, J.B. Dadachanji, Mrs A.K. Verma and
S. K. Mehta for the Appellants.
K.K. Venugopal, P. Chidambaram, S.S. Ray and P.P. Tripathi
for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
RANGANATH MISRA, CJ. The Olympic games are ancient in
origin. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica they
commenced some 3,500 years ago and the name came from its
association with the place known as Olympia in Greece.
These games were played once in every four years and were
abolished in 393 AD by the Roman Emperor Theodosius-I. In
recent times, they were revived in 1896 and have until now
been held at the turn of every four years excepting during
the first and the second world wars. The Olympic games are
one of the biggest international events and provide great
opportunities to amateur sportsmen in the different
classifications.
Indian participation in the Olympic games dates back to
1900 when a single representative had joined the Olympics at
Paris. Gradually, such participation became more systematic
and broad-based. While the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports of the Union Government looks after development of
sports within the country, the management of the Olympic
participation has been entrusted to a society registered
under the Societies Registration Act (21 of 1860) known by
the name ’Indian Olympic Association’ (for short IOA’)
The Memorandum of Association of this society indicates
that the principal objects of the society, inter alia, are:
(i) to develop and promote the Olympic movement and amateur
sport, (2) to promote and encourage the physical, moral and
cultural education of the youth of the nation for the
development of character, good heath and good
662
citizenship, (3) to enforce all rules and regulations of the
International Olympic Committee (hereinafter referred to as
’IOC’) and the IOA; (4) to be the official organisation in
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complete and sole charge of all Olympic matters in the
country, (5) to educate the public of the country as to the
value of amateurism in sports; (6) to maintain the highest
ideals of amateurism and to promote interest therein,
particularly in connection with the Olympic games and other
games under the patronage of the IOC as well as the IOA, (7)
to have full and complete jurisdiction over all matters
pertaining to the participation of India in the Olympic
games and other games under the patronage of the IOC as well
as the IOA, (8) to assist in cooperation with National
Sports Federations/Associations the selection, training and
coaching of the teams that will represent Indian in the
Asian, Commonwealth, Olympic and other international
competitions and tournaments, under the patronage of the
teams in the said competitions and tournaments after
selection, (9) to undertake with the assistance of National
Sports Federations/Associations the financing, management,
transportation, maintenance and welfare of teams from India
taking part in the Olympic games and other games under the
patronage of the IOC as well as the IOA; and (10) to
timulate the interest of the people of the country in the
promotion of sports and games in the Olympic programme, and
to that end the formation of State Olympic Association for
the development of sports and games within a State and
National Sports Federations for games and sports in the
Olympic programme.
We have quoted most of the important objectives to
bring it to the forefront that the I.O.A. has been brought
into existence to sponsor, supervise, finance, regulate and
control all aspects of sports activity in relation to the
Asian, Commonwealth, Olympic and international competitions
and tournaments under the patronage of the IOC. While its
funding is partially out of membership fee, bulk of it comes
from Government contribution.
The society has a set of rules and regulations. There
are five categories of members as described in rule 3. The
management of the affairs of the Association is entrusted to
an Executive Council defined in rule 1(v). Rule 8 provides
that the Executive Council shall have (i) a President (ii) 9
Vice-Presidents (iii) a Secretary-General (iv) 6 Joint
Secretaries (v) a Treasurer (vi) 7 Members elected from
among representatives of State Olympic Associations and
(vii) 12 members elected from among the representatives of
National Sports Federation/Association/ SSCB. Rule 8
provides the manner of elections to be held
663
for the Executive Council. The term of the Executive
Council is 4 years. Rule 11 provides the voting procedure.
Clause (b) of that rule requires that voting if necessary in
the IOA Executive Council, IOA Emergency Executive Council
and/or at the annual general or special general meetings of
the IOA shall be by show of hand. However, if in a
particular case the procedure has to be changed, the same
will be done by a resolution of the concerned body passed by
majority vote. The very rule provides as to the voting
power of the different units composing the IOA.
Rule 12 deals with the office-bearers like the
President, the Vice-President, the Secretary-General, the
Joint Secretaries, the Treasurer etc. For the resolution of
the dispute before us perhaps reference to the other rules
is not necessary.
The IOA was reconstituted with effect from 28th of
October, 1984, with appellant Shri V.C. Shukla as the
President. K. Murugan, appellant in C.A. No. 848 of 1991
(arising out of SLP 1064/91) was one of the 6 Joint
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Secretaries.
In November, 1988, Shri B.S. Adityan, one of the vice-
President of the 1984 Executive Council was elected as
President for a term of four years. On 16th of May, 1990,
there was a requisition of 17 Members for a special general
meeting for considering the move of a no confidence motion
against Shri Adityan and his Executive Council. With this
started a period of confrontation between the two groups in
the Association. In May, 1990, the Executive Council
overruled the requisition as invalid and President Adityan
called a meeting of the General assembly at Madras for 15th
of June, 1990. For the same day the other group summoned a
meeting of the general assembly at New Delhi. This led to
Court proceeding and the Delhi High Court restrained the
requisitionists from holding their meeting at New Delhi and
appointed a retired Judge of the Delhi High Court as an
observer for the meeting to be held at Madras. In the
convened meeting of 15th of June, minutes of the proceedings
whereof have been seriously disputed Shri Shukla claimed to
have been elected.
A little before the meeting of the 15th of June at
Madras, further proceedings were taken in Court which have
been labelled as collusive and manipulations for obtaining
an order for the manner of voting. The warring factions
lost sight of the laudable goals of the IOA and the purpose
for which the Association had been set up and put their
entire attention on winning control over the affairs of the
IOA in their grip through litigation.
664
A Single Judge of the Madras High Court having decided
in favour of Shri Adityan, the matter ultimately came before
a Full Bench which by its order dated 3rd of January, 1991,
remitted the matter to the learned Single Judge and
appointed Justice Natarajan, a retired Judge of this Court,
to discharge the functions of the President of the IOA as an
interim measure. This order is challenged in the appeal
by Shri Murguan and Shri V.C. Shukla by two different
appeals being Civil Appeals Nos. 852.853 of 1991 (arising
SLPs 1599 and 1787/91). Not content with the litigation in
the Delhi and Madras High Courts, the Fencing Association of
India filed a civil suit at Jabalpur asking for declaration
that Shri Shukla had been duly elected as President. An
application for injunction in support of Shri Shukla having
been rejected by the trial Judge an appeal had been taken
before the High Court where a learned Single Judge made a
status quo order. The other two appeals arise out of
proceedings including contempt taken therein.
Long arguments have been advanced before us by Mr.
Venugopal for Shri Adityan and by Mr. Sibal for Shri Shukla.
The main contention of Mr. Venugopal is that under the rules
the terms of the President and the Executive Council is four
years and in the absence of a clear provision for a vote of
no. confidence, which would curtail the period, there could
be no reduction of the period of office. It has also been
contended that the entire Executive Council could not be
voted out of office by a motion of no confidence and,
therefore, Shri Adityan had rightly overruled the
requisition. Serious challenge has been advanced by Mr.
Sibal against the proceedings taken before the Madras High
Court and particularly, the learned Judge making an order
changing the manner of voting from show of hands to one by
ballot in what is stated to be a collusive proceeding.
This does not appear to us to be a matter where
individual rights in terms of the rules and regulations of
the Society should engage our attention. Sports in modern
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times has been considered to be a matter of great importance
to the community. International sports has assumed greater
importance and has been in the focus for over a few decades.
In some of the recent Olympic games the performance of small
States has indeed been excellent and laudable while the
performance of a great country like India with world’s
second highest populations has been miserable. It is
unfortunate that the highest body in charge of monitoring
all aspects of such sports has got involved in group fight
leading to litigation and the objectives of the Society have
been lost sight of. The representation of India in the IOA
has been in jeopardy.
665
The grooming of amateurs has been thrown to the winds and
the responsibility placed on the Society has not been
responded. This, therefore, does not appear to us to be a
situation where rights to office will have to be worked out
by referring to the provisions of the law relating to
meetings, injunction and rights appurtenant to elective
office. What seems to be of paramount importance is the
healthy conditions must be restored as early as possible
into the working of the Society and a fresh election has to
be held as that seems to be the only way to get out of the
malady. The entire nation is looking up to the results of
the competitions at the international games when they are
held. As we have already pointed out, IOA has great
responsibities to discharge in organising and streamlining
the national sport activities intended for international
events. The monitoring has to be a continuous one and
unless the scheme is ongoing and is made result-oriented,
the international performance cannot be up to any
appreciable level.
The question for consideration, therefore, is not as to
which of the two factions should succeed. On the other
hand, it is appropriate that all the litigations now pending
should abate. In the interest of the appropriate
functioning of the Society the litigation outside the
headquarters of the Society should not be permitted. We
accordingly direct that any litigation, if at all, should
only be within the jurisdiction of the Delhi High Court and
no Court in India would entertain litigations relating to
the functioning of IOA in any aspect. A fresh Executive
Council should be set up and for that purpose elections
should be held within two months hence. The general
assembly should be convened to meet at Calcutta on 28th of
April, 1991. We appoint Mr. Justice A.D. Koshal, a retired
Judge of this Court to conduct the elections keeping the
provisions of the rules and regulations of the IOA in view.
Voting shall be by secret ballot. The list of voters should
be finally settled within four weeks from now and if it is
necessary to have any hearing in the matter we authorise
such hearing to be undertaken by Mr. Justice Koshal. Until
then, Mr. Justice Natarajan will continue to exercise his
powers as conferred by the order of the Madras High Court.
Once the results of the elections are announced, Mr. Justice
Natarajan would cease to be in office and the Association
would take over.
To enable Mr. Justice Koshal to discharge the
obligations cast upon him by this decision, the Ministry of
Youth Affairs and Sports is directed to place at his
disposal a sum of Rs.25,000 (Twenty five thousand) within
two weeks and a small group of assistants as he may need.
Payment of remuneration for the work done shall be fixed by
the Court later.
666
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All the proceedings in the different High Courts abate;
the suit in the Jabalpur High Court shall stand dismissed.
The contempt proceedings now pending shall not be proceeded
with.
In the course of arguments some criticism was advanced
against the order of the High Court providing monthly
remuneration to Mr. Justice Natarajan. We leave this aspect
to be considered by Mr. Justice Natarajan himself and do not
propose to deal with it in our order.
Before we leave this matter we would like to point that
the Union of India should take greater interest in
organising sports both for national and international
purposes. Sports have a role to play in building up good
citizens. That aspect should be kept in view. We have a
feeling that while a lot of money is allotted for the
purpose of improvement of sports, the result has been
considerably poor and deceptive. We hope and trust that
this aspect of the criticism heard from everywhere in this
country shall also be given due consideration.
V.P.R. Appeals disposed of.
667