MANIK BHATTACHARYA vs. RAMESH MALIK

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 20-10-2022

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATION NO.154274 OF 2022 AND INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATION NO.154275 OF 2022 IN SLP (CIVIL) NO(S). 16325­16326 OF 2022 DR. MANIK BHATTACHARYA               …..PETITIONER(S) VERSUS RAMESH MALIK AND OTHERS       …..RESPONDENT(S) O R D E R 1. These   two   applications   have   been   taken   out   by   the petitioner in connection with Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 16325­16326   of   2022.     In   these   Special   Leave   Petitions,   the petitioner has questioned legality of an order of a Division Bench of the High Court at Calcutta sustaining a series of orders passed th th th th st by a Single Judge on 13 , 15 , 17 , 20  and 21  June 2022 in two Writ petitions, registered as 9979 of 2022 and 7097 of 2019. The controversy relates to allegations of illegalities in recruitment of primary school teachers through the Teachers Eligibility Test, Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by NIRMALA NEGI Date: 2022.10.20 15:36:47 IST Reason: 2014. In these orders several directions were given against the petitioner   herein,   including   directing   the   Central   Bureau   of 1 | P a g e Investigation (CBI) to start interrogation of the petitioner and in the   event   the   petitioner   (and   certain   other   persons)   did   not cooperate with the CBI was given the liberty to interrogate them after taking them into custody.  This set of orders passed between th st 13  June 2022 and 21  June 2022 were carried in appeal by the petitioner as well as other authorities before a Division Bench of the High Court.   The Division Bench, in substance, sustained these orders.  2. When the Petitions for Special Leave to Appeal was heard th by this Court on 27  September 2022, notice was issued and in the SLPs in connection with which these IAs have been taken out, it was directed that no coercive steps shall be taken against the th petitioner   till   28   September   2022.   This   protection   has subsequently been continued.  3. Learned Counsel for the petitioner had mentioned before th th us on 12  October 2022 that the petitioner was arrested on 10 October 2022 by the Enforcement Directorate.   These two IAs th were filed on 12   October 2022 itself, being I.A. No.154274 of 2022 for impleading the Directorate of Enforcement as a party­ respondent   to   the   present   Special   Leave   Petitions   and   I.A. No.154275 of 2022 for declaring the arrest of the petitioner as illegal.  Such arrest was made by the Enforcement Directorate on 2 | P a g e the   basis   of   Enforcement   Case   Information   Report   under   No. KLZ0­II/19/2022 (ECIR). th 4. We heard the above two applications on 18  October 2022. Mr.   Mukul   Rohtagi,   learned   Senior   Counsel   for   the   petitioner argued that when the latter was under the protective cover of the order   passed   by   this   Court,   his   arrest   by   the   Enforcement Directorate was illegal, being in violation of that Order of this Court. His submission has been that the protection granted by this   Court   was   in   relation   to   a   particular   offence   and   the Enforcement Directorate had arrested him in relation to the same offence, which was unwarranted.   5.  Mr. Tushar Mehta, learned Solicitor General appeared in these matters on behalf of the Enforcement Directorate and his submission is that in the Writ Petitions, out of which the present proceedings arise, Enforcement Directorate was not a party. The Order of this Court, giving interim protection to the petitioner from coercive steps, was based in the backdrop of the direction of the Single Judge issued on CBI to investigate into the allegations of irregularities pertaining to the recruitment of primary teachers and observations of the Single Judge that CBI could interrogate the petitioner and also arrest him in case of his non­cooperation. His case is that  the Enforcement  Directorate had initiated an 3 | P a g e independent   investigation   into   money­laundering   allegations based  on  the   aforesaid   ECIR   against   one   Chandan   Mondal  @ Ranjan and unknown office bearers of the West Bengal Board of Primary Education and others. 6. In   an   affidavit   filed   on   behalf   of   the   Enforcement th Directorate affirmed by one Devranjan Mishra on 17   October 2022,   a   copy   of   the   remand   application   of   the   Enforcement Directorate has been annexed.  We find in this application, there is broad reference to the allegations which are being investigated by   the   CBI.   Enforcement   Directorate’s   case,   however,   is   that various incriminating documents were seized during the course of the   search   conducted   at   the   premises   of   the   petitioner   and evidence has surfaced as regards the role  of the petitioner in money­laundering activities and proceeds of crime. 7. We   cannot   hold   the   arrest   of   the   petitioner   by   the Enforcement Directorate illegal as the issue of money­laundering or  there   being  proceeds  of  crime  had  not   surfaced   before  the Single Judge or the Division Bench of the High Court.  Before us, however, it had been brought to our notice by Mr. Rohatgi in course of hearing on the question of interim order passed in the instant   special   leave   petitions,   that   the   petitioner   had   been cooperating   with   investigation   by   the   Enforcement   Directorate 4 | P a g e and the CBI.  While testing the legality of an arrest made by an agency   otherwise   empowered   to   take   into   custody   a   person against whom such agency considers subsistence of prima facie evidence   of   money­laundering,   we   do   not   think   a   general protective order directed at another investigating agency could have insulated the petitioner from any coercive action in another proceeding started by a different agency, even if there are factual similarities   vis­a­vis   the   allegations.   Under   The   Prevention   of Money­Laundering Act, 2002 (“2002 Act”), money­ laundering is an independent offence and in the event there is any allegation of the Enforcement Directorate having acted beyond jurisdiction or their act of arrest is not authorized by law, the petitioner would be entitled   to   apply   before   the   appropriate   Court   of   law independently.   But that question could not be examined in a Special Leave Petition arising from the proceedings in which the question of Money Laundering were not involved. 8. In the present Special Leave Petitions, having regard of this scope and nature of the proceedings, we are not inclined to go into the legality of the question of invoking the provisions of the 2002 Act in arresting the petitioner.  We are also satisfied that the order   restraining   coercive   action   being   taken   against   the th petitioner passed by us on 27  September 2022, which we have 5 | P a g e still   directed   to   continue,   did   not   operate   to   prevent   the Enforcement Directorate from carrying on with their investigation into the allegations under the 2002 Act.  9. For the reasons that we have stated above, we are not inclined to add the Enforcement Directorate as a party in the present   petitions.   The   grievance   of   the   petitioner   against   the Enforcement   Directorate   would   have   to   be   ventilated independently before the appropriate forum.   We do not accept the argument of the petitioner that his arrest was illegal because of the interim order passed by us.  We make it clear that we have not delved into the question of legality of the petitioner’s arrest or initiation of proceeding against him under the 2002 Act.  10. Both the applications shall accordingly stand dismissed, without any order as to costs.  ………………………………. J. (ANIRUDDHA BOSE) ………………………………. J. (VIKRAM NATH) NEW DELHI; 20th October 2022 6 | P a g e