THAMMU PANDURANGA RAO vs. STATE OF A.P.

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1132 OF 2009 Thammu Panduranga Rao & Anr. … Appellant(s) versus State of Andhra Pradesh … Respondent(s) J U D G M E N T M.Y. Eqbal, J.: The present appeal by special leave is directed against the th judgment and order dated 9 October, 2007 passed by the High Court of Judicature of Andhra Pradesh partly allowing Criminal Appeal No. JUDGMENT 1187 of 2002 filed by the appellants herein (accused Nos. 1 and 2) by inter alia modifying the conviction of accused Nos. 1 and 2 for the offence under Section 304 IPC into conviction for the offence under Section 304(2) IPC and reducing the sentence of rigorous imprisonment of 10 years to three years in respect of both the accused and the sentence of rigorous imprisonment of four years for the 1 Page 1 offence under Section 325 IPC in respect of accused No. 2 to one year. 2. The case of the prosecution which led to the conviction of

said accused loved the daughter of the deceased. As the elders did not agree to the proposal, the deceased married his daughter to some other person. Even after her marriage, the son of accused used to go to her house and tried to create problems in her married life, because of which the son of accused was beaten by the deceased and his family members which became the subject matter of a criminal case. Thus, it was alleged that there was inimical term between the two families. On 2.11.1998 at about 5.30 p.m., while accused Nos. 1 to 5 (A-1 to A-5) (accused No. 4 is son of accused No. 2; accused No. 2 is JUDGMENT the nearest relative of accused No. 1; accused No. 3 is his son; and accused No. 5 is a close relative of accused Nos. 1 to 4) were returning to their village after finishing their fishing work and when they reached near the cattle shed of the deceased, they heard PW-2 (wife of deceased) abusing her cattle sarcastically. All are stated to be residents of Ramannamodi. The accused suspected that PW-2 was abusing them. On PW-2 being questioned by A-2 as to why she was 2 Page 2 abusing them, the deceased interfered and attacked A-2. A-1 also interfered and the deceased beat him whereupon A-1 beat the deceased on his head with a stick and induced A-2 to A-5 to beat the

and A-4 beat PW-2 with sticks and caused injuries and A-1 and A-4 beat PW-1 (son of deceased) on his left hand wrist and on his neck with sticks. After beating the deceased, PW-1 and PW-2, the accused ran away from the place of occurrence. Later PW-1 went to police station and registered a complaint (Ex.P-13) and a case under Section 324/34 IPC was started. The deceased, PW-1 and PW-2 were sent to the Government Headquarters Hospital, Machilipatnam. After the deceased succumbed to injuries on 4.11.1998 in the hospital, the police altered the FIR to Section 302 IPC and took up JUDGMENT investigation, held inquest over the dead body, observed the scene of offence, conducted panchnama , got the post mortem examination done and after receipt of post mortem report laid the chargesheet under Section 302/34 IPC against A-1 and A-2, under Section 325 against A-2, under Section 323 against A-1, A-4 and A-5 and under Section 114 against A-5. In support of its case, the prosecution examined PWs 1 to 14, marked Exhibits P-1 to P-23 and also MOs 1 3 Page 3 to 26. No defence witness was examined but Exhibits D-1 to D-9 were marked on their side. 3. PW-9 Dr. K. Sanjeevarao who held inquest over the dead

intestines. The doctor stated that the injuries mentioned in the certificate would have been caused with sticks like MOs1 to 5 and that the internal injuries 2 and 3 were sufficient to cause the death in the ordinary course of nature. The following external injuries were found on the dead body: 1. A three sutured injury 1 ½” in length on the right parietal region. 2. A blue black abrasion 3” x ¼ “ on the right shoulder. 3. A blue black abrasion 1” x ¼ “ over the left loin. 4. A black abrasion 1” x ½ “ on the back of right lumber region. 5. A blue black abrasion 1 ½ “ x 1” on the back and left lower part of the chest. JUDGMENT 4. On internal examination, the doctor found (1) about 2 ½ litre of blood present in the abdominal cavity and ½ litre of blood present in the pelvic cavity, hemoperitoneum present and all the intestines congested; (2) bluish contusion 6” x 1” on the middle third of small intestine; (3) the mesentance vessels ruptured and the entire 4 Page 4 mesentery blood stained; (4) three bluish blood clots each 30 grams on the mecentary near the superior mesenteric artery; (5) all the internal organs like liver, both the lungs, spleen and both the kidneys

bladder and the gall bladder empty; and (10) the chambers of the heart empty. The doctor opined that the deceased appeared to have died of shock due to rupture of mesenteric vessels and contusion of the intestines and death would have been occurred within 24 hours prior to the post mortem examination and Ex.P-7 is the post mortem certificate he issued. The injuries mentioned in Ex.P-7 would have been caused with sticks like MOs.1 to 5 and that the internal injuries 2 and 3 are sufficient to cause the death in the ordinary course of nature. JUDGMENT 5. As regards injuries to PW-1 and PW-2, PW-8 Dr. M. Polaiah who medically examined PW-1 and PW-2 stated in his deposition that he was of the opinion that injury No. 1 i.e. “Swelling deformity of lower third of left forearm. Tender” caused to PW-1 was grievous in nature and injury No. 2 i.e. “Abrasion of 1” x ¼ “ over the anterior of triangle of left side of neck. Bleeding present” was simple in nature and those injuries could have been caused with sticks. As 5 Page 5 regards injuries i.e. “Swelling deformity of left hand and Contusion of 1” x 2” over right shoulder blade”, the doctor opined that the said injuries were simple in nature and could have been caused with sticks

as alleged. witnesses held that a case has been made out against A-1 and A-2 (appellants herein) finding them guilty for the offences under Sections 304/34, 324/34 and 325 IPC. Accordingly, they were convicted for the offence under Section 304 IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and in default to suffer simple imprisonment for three months. A-1 was further convicted for the offence under Section 323 IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months. A-2 was further convicted under Section 325 IPC and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for four years and also to JUDGMENT pay a fine of Rs.500/- and in default to suffer simple imprisonment for two months. A-4 and A-5 were sentenced to pay fine of Rs.1,000/- each, in default to suffer simple imprisonment for two months. All the sentences imposed on respective accused were directed to run concurrently. A-3 had died on 5.12.1998 due to ill health while under judicial custody. In arriving at its conclusion as regards conviction and 6 Page 6 sentence of A-1 and A-2 (appellants herein), the trial court gave the following reasoning:

JUDGMENT 22. … it has been established beyond doubt that on account of the injury caused by A-1, the left hand of PW-1 was broken. Not only a reading of Ex.P-1 but also a reading of Ex.P-20 coupled with the oral and medical evidence on record this offence against A-1 u/s 325 IPC has been established. xxx xxx xxx 7 Page 7

7. Aggrieved by the judgment of the trial court, A-1 and A-2 (appellants herein) preferred an appeal before the High Court and contended that as their guilt was not proved beyond all reasonable doubt, their conviction and sentence ought to be set aside. The High Court after going through the entire material on record held that the lower court gave sufficient reasons as to why the respective accused were convicted for the offences under various Sections of IPC; cumulative effect of the injuries led to the death of the deceased and JUDGMENT A-1 being the person who participated in the commission of the offence was also having common intention to attack the deceased; there was no ground to interfere with the conviction of the accused for the offences under Sections 304, 325 and 323 IPC; and conviction under Section 304 could be brought under Section 304(2) IPC and accordingly modified the same. After taking into consideration the motive behind the incident, the nature of weapons used and the 8 Page 8 circumstances, the High Court was of the view that the accused did not use sharp edged weapons to kill the deceased but they caused injuries with a knowledge that they are likely to cause the death. In the

Court held:- “By taking into consideration the motive behind the incident, the nature of weapons used and the circumstances explained by the learned defence counsel, I am of the view that the accused did not use sharp edged weapons to kill the deceased, but they caused injuries with a knowledge that they are likely to cause the death. As the offence under Section 304 I.P.C. was brought under Section 304(2) I.P.C., the sentence of imprisonment imposed on the accused is excessive. Therefore, I am inclined to reduce the sentence imposed against the accused for the offence under Section 325 I.P.C. Therefore, the sentence imposed against Accused No.2 for the offence under Section 325 I.P.C. is reduced. In the result, the appeal is allowed in part. The conviction of Accused Nos. 1 and 2 for the offence under Section 304 I.P.C., is modified into conviction for the offence under Section 304(2) I.P.C. Regarding Rigorous Imprisonment, it is reduced to rigorous Imprisonment of three years to each of the accused. The fine and default sentence remain un-altered. The conviction of Accused No.1 for the offence under Section 323 I.P.C., and the sentence of Rigorous Imprisonment for six months is confirmed. Conviction of Accused No.2 for the offence under Section 325 I.P.C., is confirmed, but the sentence of rigorous imprisonment of four years is reduced to Rigorouos Imprisonment of one year. The fine amount remains un-altered. All the sentences of imprisonment against each of the accused shall run concurrently.” JUDGMENT 9 Page 9 8. Mr. Venkateswara Rao Anumolu, learned counsel appearing for the appellants assailed the impugned judgment of the

while exercising their right of private defence. Admittedly, the accused –appellants were on inimical terms with the deceased and the witnesses. Learned counsel drew our attention to the injuries sustained by the parties and the report of the doctor and submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, the impugned judgment of conviction is liable to be set aside. 9. Mr. Shishir Pinaki, learned counsel appearing for the respondent, on the other hand, submitted that the evidence of the prosecution witnesses including the injured witnesses and the injuries JUDGMENT inflicted on the deceased completely ruled out the application of right of private defence. 10. It is the cardinal principle of law that everyone has a right to defend his own person and property but the right of private defence cannot be exercised for causing more harm than necessary or for taking revenge. Such right of private defence must be used as a shield to avert an attack and it should not be vindictive and cannot be 10 Page 10 used to retaliate. In no case the right of private of defence extends to the inflicting of more harm than it is necessary to inflict for the purpose of defence.

been noticed by the trial court, it is clear that appellant No.1(A-1) beat PW-1 on his right wrist with a stout stick with the result his hand broken. A-5 also beat him on the right side of the neck with a stout stick. Then the deceased interfered. He tried to rescue his son. Then A-1 gave a blow on his head with stout stick and caused a bleeding injury. To rescue the deceased, PW-2 interfered; then A-1 and A-4 beat her with sticks on her hands and back and caused injuries. Though the deceased was already beaten on his head when his wife was being beaten by A-1 and A-4, he again mustered his strength and JUDGMENT tried to interfere when A-2 poked with a stick on his abdomen and A-3 beat him with a stick on his back and gave two blows. In fact the deceased in his statement before the Police under Ex.P-20 said that A-2 did not simply poke in his abdomen by the side of his naval with a stick but in fact he pounded at his abdomen with the stick. In other words, in vernacular ‘KULLA BODICHI NADU’ in fact this is the injury that led to the death of the deceased because the intestines were 11 Page 11 ruptured and bleeding took place internally and serious damage was caused to the vital organs inside and caused the death of the deceased.

witnesses examined and injuries sustained by the deceased and PW- 2 and came to the conclusion that the cumulative effect of the injuries led to the death of the deceased and appellant No.1 being the person, who participated in the commission of the offence, was also having common intention to attack the deceased. However, the High Court in the facts and circumstances of the case modified the order of the conviction and sentence. 13. Considering the entire facts and circumstances of the case JUDGMENT and the evidence available on record, we do not find any reason to interfere with the impugned judgment of conviction and sentence passed by the High Court. 14. For the reasons aforesaid, there is no merit in this appeal, which is accordingly dismissed. The bail bonds of the accused- 12 Page 12 appellants stand cancelled. They shall surrender forthwith to serve out the remaining period of the sentence. ……………………………..J. (P. Sathasivam) ……………………………..J. (M.Y. Eqbal) New Delhi, April 26, 2013. JUDGMENT 13 Page 13 JUDGMENT Page 14