S.PANNEER SELVAM vs. GOVT.OF T.NADU .

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 6631-6632 of 2015 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) Nos. 8366-8367 of 2012) S. PANNEER SELVAM & ORS. ..Appellants Versus GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU & ORS. ..Respondents WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6633 of 2015 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) No.10928 of 2012) A. VENKATACHALAM & ORS. ..Appellants Versus THE SECRETARY, GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU & ORS. ..Respondents AND CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 6634-6636 of 2015 (Arising out of SLP (Civil) Nos. 16692-16694 of 2012) GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU AND ANR. ETC.ETC. .Appellants Versus V. VIVEKANANDAN & ORS. ETC. ETC. ..Respondents JUDGMENT J U D G M E N T R. BANUMATHI, J. Leave granted in all the special leave petitions. 2. Common issues involved in this bunch of appeals are:-(i) In the absence of policy decision taken by the 1 Page 1 State/rules framed pursuant to the enabling provision of Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution of India whether a reserved category candidate promoted on the basis of reservation earlier

category can claim consequential seniority in the promotional post; (ii) In the absence of policy decision taken by the State with regard to Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service Rules, whether Division Bench was right in holding that Article 16(4A) of the Constitution of India by itself would give consequential seniority in addition to accelerated promotion to the roster-point promotees. 3. These appeals are filed assailing the common judgment dated 25.11.2011 passed by the High Court of JUDGMENT Judicature at Madras in Writ Appeals No. 113, 207 and 208 of 2009 whereby the High Court while setting aside the order passed by the learned Single Judge observed that the object of the amending Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution of India is to give consequential seniority in addition to accelerated promotion to roster–point promotees thereby holding that ‘catch-up rule’ is not applicable among the Assistant Divisional 2 Page 2 Engineers appointed from the post of Junior Engineers following the rule of reservation. For convenience, parties are referred to as per their array in the appeals arising out of SLP

4. The appellants are graduate Assistant Engineers and the contesting private respondents are Diploma holder Junior Engineers are entangled in several rounds of litigation for about two decades over the nagging question of ‘ catch-up rule’ and the consequential seniority in the promotional post of Assistant Divisional Engineers. Before adverting to the legal issues, it would be appropriate to refer to the background facts. Engineers of Tamil Nadu Highways Department viz., Chief Engineers, Superintending Engineers, Divisional JUDGMENT Engineers and Assistant Divisional Engineers are governed by Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service Rules. Assistant Engineers, Junior Engineers, Supervisors and further lower categories are governed by Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Subordinate Service Rules. The categories viz., Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers were feeder categories to the category of Assistant Divisional Engineer and the first three 3 Page 3 vacancies to be filled by Assistant Engineers and the fourth vacancy to be filled by recruitment by transfer by Junior Engineer of Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Subordinate

Engineering Service prescribes application of rule of reservation for the appointment of Assistant Divisional Engineers by direct recruitment and recruitment by transfer. Accordingly prior to 24.05.1993, the Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers were appointed as Assistant Divisional Engineers by recruitment by transfer after following the rule of reservation. 5. List of Assistant Engineers/Junior Engineers as on 01.01.1993 was published vide Chief Engineer Memo JUDGMENT No. 960/N4/91 dated 18.04.1994 not following the ‘ catch up rule’ . One Assistant Divisional Engineer (ADE) D. Rajendran who belonged to general category, who was overlooked for promotion by Assistant Engineers who belonged to reserved category filed O.A. No.2186/1996 before the Tamil Nadu Administrative Tribunal challenging the consequential seniority given to the reserved category Assistant Divisional 4 Page 4 Engineers and prayed to revise the seniority in the higher category as obtained in the lower category. Relying upon Ajit Singh Januja & Ors. vs. State of Punjab & Ors ., (1996) 2 SCC

application observing that even though the respondents therein were promoted as ADEs earlier to D. Rajendran, they cannot be placed above the applicant by virtue of accelerated promotion and giving them the consequential seniority. Aggrieved by the order in O.A. 2186/1996, Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 24455/1996 was filed by the ADEs of the reserved category which was dismissed by this Court vide order dated 18.12.1996. 6. On 29.04.2004, seniority list of Assistant Divisional JUDGMENT Engineers was published by applying ‘ catch-up rule’ among ADEs appointed from Assistant Engineers and consequential seniority was not given to SC/ST Assistant Divisional Engineers appointed from Assistant Engineers. But the ‘catch-up rule’ was not applied among the ADEs appointed from Junior Engineers and thereby giving benefit of consequential seniority to SC/ST Assistant Divisional 5 Page 5 Engineers appointed from Junior Engineers in addition to accelerated promotion. Aggrieved by the seniority list dated 29.04.2004 and the subsequent seniority list fit for further

19.08.2005, the Assistant Engineers who were selected by the Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission under the junior category filed the writ petition in the High Court. Contention advanced by the appellants/writ petitioners was that the promotion given to Junior Engineers as ADEs was based on rule of reservation and in the promotional post it would not reverse the seniority of the seniors in the feeder category who gained promotions subsequently. Relying on the decisions of this Court reported in Union of India And Ors. vs. Virpal Singh JUDGMENT Chauhan And Ors., (1995) 6 SCC 684; Ajit Singh Januja And Ors. vs. State of Punjab And Ors., (1996) 2 SCC 715; R.K. Sabharwal And Ors. vs. State of Punjab And Ors., (1995) 2 SCC 745; Ajit Singh And Ors . ( II) vs. State of Punjab And Ors., (1999) 7 SCC 209 and M. Nagaraj And Ors. vs. Union of India And Ors ., (2006) 8 SCC 212, learned Single Judge of the High Court held that the State failed to follow the dictum laid down 6 Page 6 by the Supreme Court in the above judgments and erred in issuing the seniority list of Assistant Divisional Engineers, Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service by ignoring the

seniors who have gained promotion subsequently. The Single Judge thus allowed the batch of writ petitions by setting aside the seniority list dated 29.04.2004 and directed the authorities to prepare the revised seniority list of the Assistant Divisional Engineers. 7. Aggrieved, the respondents-promotees promoted as ADEs from Junior Engineers in the reserved category preferred writ appeals and the Division Bench by the impugned judgment while setting aside the order passed by the Single JUDGMENT Judge held that the object of the amending Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution of India is to give accelerated promotion to roster-point promotees in addition to accelerated promotion and thereby held that the ‘catch-up rule’ is not applicable among the Assistant Divisional Engineers appointed from the post of Junior Engineers by recruitment by transfer following 7 Page 7 reservation rules. These appeals assail the correctness of the above judgment. 8. Having heard both the parties, we have given our

the principles enunciated by this Court in a catena of decisions. 9. The concept of ‘ catch-up rule’ and ‘ consequential seniority ’ is judicially evolved concepts to control the extent of reservation. The question of reservation and the associated promotion and the consequential seniority have been the matter of discussion in various decisions of this Court. The matter regarding reservation in promotions was considered by a nine Judge Bench of this Court in Indra Sawhney And Ors . JUDGMENT vs. Union of India And Ors., (1992) Supp. 3 SCC 217 and this Court held that the reservation under Article 16(4) of the Constitution of India is confined only to initial appointment and cannot extend to reservation in the matter of promotion. In order to nullify the effect of the aforesaid dicta, there was an amendment to Article 16 by Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act with effect from 17.06.1995. Vide this 8 Page 8 Amendment, after Clause (4), Clause (4A) was inserted in Article 16 of the Constitution. 10. Clause (4) and Clause (4A) of Article 16 of the

“ Clause 4 . Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State. Clause 4A . Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.” 11. Article 16 (4) of the Constitution of India enables the State to make a provision for reservation for appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which in its opinion is not adequately represented in the services under JUDGMENT the State. The constitutional position on the insertion of Clause (4A) in Article 16 is that the State is now empowered to make provision for reservation in the matter of promotions as well, in favour of SCs and STs wherever the State is of the opinion that the SCs and STs are not adequately represented in the service under the State. Clause (4A) of Article 16 of the 9 Page 9 Constitution is only an enabling provision which empowers the State to make any provision for reservation for SC and ST candidates in the matter of promotion as well.

And Ors ., (1995) 6 SCC 684, a question had arisen as to whether a person in SC or ST category who gets accelerated promotion because of reservation would also get consequential seniority in the higher post if he gets that promotion earlier than his senior in general category and this Court held that such an employee belonging to SC/ST category on promotion would not get consequential seniority and his seniority will be governed by the panel position. It was held as under:- “ 24. …In short, it is open to the State, if it is so advised, to say that while the rule of reservation shall be applied and the roster followed in the matter of promotions to or within a particular service, class or category, the candidate promoted earlier by virtue of rule of reservation/roster shall not be entitled to seniority over his senior in the feeder category and that as and when a general candidate who was senior to him in the feeder category is promoted, such general candidate will regain his seniority over the reserved candidate notwithstanding that he is promoted subsequent to the reserved candidate. There is no unconstitutionality involved in this. It is permissible for the State to so provide…” JUDGMENT 13. The decision in Virpal Singh Chauhan case led to another Constitution Amendment and the Parliament enacted 10 Page 10 Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act 2001 whereby Clause (4A) of Article 16 was further amended enabling the State to make a provision for reservation in matters of

reads as under:- “ 4A . Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion with consequential seniority to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State.” Eighty-fifth Amendment was made effective retrospectively from 17.06.1995, that is, the date of coming into force the original Clause (4A) of Article 16 of the Constitution of India. 14. In Ajit Singh Januja And Ors. vs. State of Punjab And Ors ., (1996) 2 SCC 715, by placing reliance on the JUDGMENT principle laid down in Indra Sawhney case and also the Constitution Bench judgment in R.K. Sabharwal And Ors . vs. State of Punjab And Ors., reported in (1995) 2 SCC 745, a three Judge Bench accepted the principle of ‘ catch-up rule’ as laid down in Virpal Singh Chauhan case observing that the balance must be maintained in such a manner that there was no reverse discrimination against the general category 11 Page 11 candidates and that any rule/circular or order which gives seniority to the reserved category candidates promoted at the roster-point would be violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India. 15. In Jagdish Lal And Ors . vs. State of Haryana And Ors., (1997) 6 SCC 538, another three Judge Bench opined that seniority granted to the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe candidates over a general category candidate due to his accelerated promotion does not in all events got wiped out on promotion of general category candidate. 16. In Ajit Singh And Ors.(II) vs. State of Punjab And Ors., (1999) 7 SCC 209, the Constitution Bench was concerned with the issue whether the decisions in Virpal Singh Chauhan JUDGMENT and Ajit Singh Januja case which were earlier decided to the effect upholding the ‘ catch-up rule’, that is, the seniority of general category candidates is to be confirmed or whether the later deviation made in Jagdish Lal case against the general category candidates. In Ajit Singh (II) case, inter-alia, the following points arose for consideration:- (i). Can the roster-point promotees count their seniority in the promoted category from the date of their continuous 12 Page 12 officiation vis-à-vis general candidates, who were senior to them in the lower category and who were later promoted to the same level?

17. The Constitution Bench held that Articles 16(4) and (4A) did not confer any fundamental right to reservation and that they are only enabling provisions. Overruling the judgment in Jagdish Lal case and observing that rights of the reserved classes must be balanced against the interests of other segments of society in para (77), this Court held as under:- “ 77 . We, therefore, hold that the roster-point promotees (reserved category) cannot count their seniority in the promoted category from the date of their continuous officiation in the promoted post, — vis-à-vis the general candidates who were senior to them in the lower category and who were later promoted. On the other hand, the senior general candidate at the lower level, if he reaches the promotional level later but before the further promotion of the reserved candidate — he will have to be treated as senior, at the promotional level, to the reserved candidate even if the reserved candidate was earlier promoted to that level. We shall explain this further under Point 3. We also hold that Virpal, (1995) 6 SCC 684 and Ajit Singh, (1996) 2 SCC 715 have been correctly decided and that Jagdish Lal, (1997) 6 SCC 538 is not correctly decided. Points 1 and 2 are decided accordingly.” JUDGMENT 13 Page 13 18. Constitutional validity of Clauses (4A) and (4B) of Article 16 of the Constitution was challenged in M. Nagaraj And Ors. vs. Union of India And Ors., ( 2006) 8 SCC 212. The

of impugned constitutional amendments, the power of Parliament was so enlarged as to obliterate any or all of the constitutional limitations and requirements upholding the validity of the said Articles with certain riders. On the concept of ‘ catch-up rule’ and consequential seniority, this Court held as under:- “ 79 . Reading the above judgments, we are of the view that the concept of “catch-up” rule and “consequential seniority” are judicially evolved concepts to control the extent of reservation. The source of these concepts is in service jurisprudence. These concepts cannot be elevated to the status of an axiom like secularism, constitutional sovereignty, etc. It cannot be said that by insertion of the concept of “consequential seniority” the structure of Article 16(1) stands destroyed or abrogated. It cannot be said that “equality code” under Articles 14, 15 and 16 is violated by deletion of the “catch-up” rule. These concepts are based on practices. However, such practices cannot be elevated to the status of a constitutional principle so as to be beyond the amending power of Parliament. Principles of service jurisprudence are different from constitutional limitations. Therefore, in our view neither the “catch-up” rule nor the concept of “consequential seniority” is implicit in clauses (1) and (4) of Article 16 as correctly held in Virpal Singh Chauhan, (1995) 6 SCC 684 .” JUDGMENT 14 Page 14 19. In Nagaraj case Court further considered two questions viz.:- (1) Whether there is any upper-limit beyond which reservation is not permissible? (2) Whether there is any

other words, the issue is whether the percentage limit applies only on the total number of posts in the cadre or to the percentage of posts advertised every year as well? Answering the said questions in paras (121) and (123), this Court held as under:- “ 121 . The impugned constitutional amendments by which Articles 16(4-A) and 16(4-B) have been inserted flow from Article 16(4). They do not alter the structure of Article 16(4). They retain the controlling factors or the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness and inadequacy of representation which enables the States to provide for reservation keeping in mind the overall efficiency of the State administration under Article 335. These impugned amendments are confined only to SCs and STs. They do not obliterate any of the constitutional requirements, namely, ceiling limit of 50% (quantitative limitation), the concept of creamy layer (qualitative exclusion), the sub-classification between OBCs on one hand and SCs and STs on the other hand as held in Indra Sawhney, 1992 Suppl. (3) SCC 217 , the concept of post-based roster with inbuilt concept of replacement as held in R.K. Sabharwal, (1995) 2 SCC 745. JUDGMENT 123 . However, in this case, as stated above, the main issue concerns the “extent of reservation”. In this regard the State concerned will have to show in each case the existence of the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness, inadequacy of representation and overall administrative efficiency before making provision for reservation. As stated above, the impugned provision is an enabling provision. The State is not bound to make reservation for SCs/STs in matters of 15 Page 15

The Constitution Bench judgment in Nagaraj case (supra) was subsequently followed in Shiv Nath Prasad vs. Saran Pal Jeet Singh Tulsi And Ors ., (2008) 3 SCC 80 and Chairman And Managing Director, Central Bank of India And Ors. vs. Central Bank of India SC/ST Employees Welfare Association And Ors., 2015 (1) SCALE 169. 20. While considering the validity of Section 3(7) of Uttar Pradesh Public Services (Reservation for Scheduled JUDGMENT Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes) Act, 1994, and Rule 8A of U.P. Government Servants Seniority Rules, 1991 which provided for consequential seniority in promotions given to SCs/STs by virtue of rule of reservation/roster and holding that Section 3(7) of the 1994 Act and Rule 8A of 1991 Rules are ultra vires as they run counter to the dictum in M. Nagaraj’s case in Uttar Pradesh 16 Page 16 Power Corporation Limited vs. Rajesh Kumar And Ors., (2012) 7 SCC 1 , in paragraph (81), this Court summarized the principles as under:

JUDGMENT 17 Page 17

JUDGMENT 21. In the light of the above, we shall consider the factual matrix and the rival contentions urged and the purport of Rule 12 of Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service Rules. 22. Dr. Rajiv Dhawan, learned Senior Counsel for the appellants submitted that while it is well-settled law followed by this Court in a catena of cases M. Nagaraj And Ors . Vs. Union of India & Ors ., (2006) 8 SCC 212 that Article 16 (4A) is 18 Page 18 only an enabling provision and does not automatically confer right on the reserved categories and when no policy decision was taken by the State, Article 16 (4A) does not per se

conferring consequential seniority to the Junior Engineers who obtained accelerated promotion by following rule of reservation. It was further submitted that post of Assistant Engineers to be promoted as ADEs constitute more than 75% of the cadre strength and by not applying the ‘ catch up rule’ among the Assistant Divisional Engineers promoted from Junior Engineers by following rule of reservation would result in patent discrimination creating disharmony amongst the cadre. Onbehalf of the appellants, it was urged that the JUDGMENT implementation of the impugned judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court would result in conferring seniority to a less qualified and less experienced Assistant Divisional Engineer appointed from Junior Engineer belonging to SC/ST category and who stand on a higher footing both on education and experience than the Assistant Divisional Engineers belonging to general category would offend the rule of equality. 19 Page 19 23. Per contra, learned Senior Counsel Mr. R. Thiagarajan and Ms. Kiran Suri appearing for the respondents contended that there is no common list of seniority of the

the respondents who are in the cadre of Junior Engineers and, therefore, the services of the appellants and the respondents cannot be compared and the ‘ catch up rule’ is not applicable. The learned Senior Counsel further contended that promotion given to the respondents were not accelerated promotion but promotion on account of rule of reservation following Rule 12 of Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service Rules. The respondents contended that Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution has been added to protect the consequential seniority arising JUDGMENT out of accelerated promotions and when such amendment is held to be valid and not ultra vires the Constitution by this Court in M. Nagaraj case (supra), the Single Judge ought not to have allowed the writ petitions and the Division Bench rightly set aside the order of the Single Judge. 24. Article 16(4A) of the Constitution is only an enabling provision which specifically provides that the concerned State 20 Page 20 may make any provision for providing reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class citizens which is not adequately represented in the services under the

335 of the Constitution which deal with norms of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts and lay down that the claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in the making of appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State. In the absence of any policy decision taken by the State of Tamil Nadu, Eighty-fifth Amendment per se will not protect the JUDGMENT consequential seniority granted to the respondents who were promoted to the post of Assistant Divisional Engineers following the rule of reservation. 25. The respondents placed heavy reliance upon Rule 12 of the Special Rules Tamil Nadu Engineering Service and contended that their consequential seniority is protected in 21 Page 21 terms of Rule 12 and under Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution of India. Rule 12 reads as under:-

As per Rule 12, reserved category Assistant Engineers and the reserved category Junior Engineers secured promotion as Assistant Divisional Engineers much earlier to the general category Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers respectively because of their accelerated promotion following rule of reservation. 26. The true legislative intent under Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution is to enable the State to make provision or JUDGMENT frame rules giving consequential seniority for the accelerated promotion gained based on the rule of reservation. Rule 12 evidently does not provide for the consequential seniority for reserved category promotees at any point of time. The consequential seniority for such reserved category promotees can be fixed only if there is express provision for such reserved category promotees in the State rules. In the absence of any 22 Page 22 specific provision or policy decision taken by the State Government for consequential seniority for reserved category accelerated promotees, there is no question of automatic

27. Respondents contended that in about eight departments of the State, rule of reservation is followed and one among them is Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service and in terms of Rule 12 practice of following rule of reservation in promotion is in existence for more than sixty years and therefore the Division Bench rightly extended the protection under Article 16(4A) to accelerated promotees. We are not impressed with the above submission. In terms of Rule 12, reservation is followed only for promotion of AEs/JEs as JUDGMENT Assistant Divisional Engineers and Rule 12 does not protect the consequential seniority to ADEs who were promoted following the rule. The appellants belonging to the general category are not questioning the accelerated promotion granted to the Junior Engineers/Assistant Engineers by following rule of reservation but are only seeking fair 23 Page 23 application of the ‘ catch up rule’ in the fixation of seniority in the category of ADEs. 28. Protection of the consequential seniority conferred

Engineers following rule of reservation during the year 1994 was held to be unconstitutional in the earlier round of litigation in Original Application No.2186/1996 dated 29.11.1996 before the Tamil Nadu Administrative Tribunal and the same was confirmed by this Court in Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.24455/1996 titled Tr. J. Sabapathy And Ors . vs. D. Rajendran And Ors. decided on 18.12.1996. Pursuant to the same seniority of the Assistant Engineers promoted as ADEs following rule of reservation had been lowered following JUDGMENT ‘catch up rule’ . 29. Now let us consider the crux of the dispute. While publishing the impugned seniority list dated 29.04.2004, the ‘ catch up rule’ was applied among the Assistant Divisional Engineers appointed from Assistant Engineers and consequential seniority was not given to SC/ST Assistant Divisional Engineers appointed from Assistant Engineers; but 24 Page 24 the ‘ catch up rule’ was not applied to the Assistant Divisional Engineers promoted from Junior Engineers and thus consequential seniority was given to the SC/ST Assistant

State, ‘catch-up rule’ was applied to the Assistant Divisional Engineers promoted from Assistant Engineers, since, Assistant Engineers were recruited by Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission and at the time of their initial recruitment as Assistant Engineers, rule of reservation was strictly followed by Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission. In the counter affidavit filed before the High Court, the State has taken the stand that the ‘ catch up rule’ was not applied in the case of JEs promoted as ADEs or regarding their inter se seniority of JUDGMENT Assistant Engineers and the Junior Engineers since rule of reservation was not followed at the time of their appointment as Junior Engineers. 30. Mr. Thiagarajan, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the private respondents submitted that under the Right to Information Act, information was sought for onbehalf of respondent U. Palaniappan and Government furnished the 25 Page 25 Government Orders for temporary panel of Junior Engineers for promotion as Assistant Divisional Engineers and the said Government Orders furnished would clearly show that there

in various category of Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service. It was further submitted that there are only two persons belonging to Scheduled Caste community promoted from the rank of Junior Engineer after 17.06.1995 to the higher post of Assistant Divisional Engineer and Divisional Engineer and of these two persons one has been promoted to the post of Superintending Engineer and no other person is available in the entire department and the inadequacy of representation was rightly taken into consideration by the JUDGMENT Government while implementing the rule of reservation and consequential seniority. 31. The respondents’ submission regarding inadequacy of representation of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes in the Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service by itself is not sufficient to uphold the inadequacy of representation of SCs/STs in the said service. Even after Eighty-fifth 26 Page 26 Amendment, the State is duty bound to collect data so as to assess the adequacy of representation of the Scheduled Caste candidates in the service and based on the same the State

material is placed on record that the State of Tamil Nadu has ever undertaken such exercise of collecting data of adequacy of representation of the SC/ST candidates in the Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service. In the absence of any rule conferring consequential seniority in the State of Tamil Nadu ‘catch up rule’ is applicable even amongst Junior Engineers promoted as ADEs following rule of reservation and also for their inter-se seniority amongst AEs promoted as ADEs and JEs promoted as ADEs following rule of reservation. JUDGMENT 32. Respondents placed reliance on Rule 35 (aa) of Tamil Nadu State and Subordinate Service Rules (General Rules) to contend that they are entitled to consequential seniority in promotional position. Rule 35 (aa) relied on by the respondents reads as under:- “* (aa) . The seniority of a person in a service, class, category or grade shall where the normal method of recruitment to that service, class, category or grade is by more than one method of recruitment, unless the individual has been 27 Page 27 reduced to a lower rank as a punishment be determined with reference to the date on which he is appointed to the service, class, category or grade.

Provided further that the benefit of the above proviso shall be available to the senior only for the purpose of fixing (* Substituted in G.O. Ms. No.523, P & AR, dated inter-se seniority….” 4.06.1982, w.e.f. 13.07.78) Rule 35 (aa) of Tamil Nadu State and Subordinate Service rd (General) Rules relied upon by the 3 respondent is applicable only for normal appointments to any service, class, category or grade and not reserved category promotions. Rule 35 (aa) does not specifically provide for consequential seniority to the accelerated promotees who were promoted following the rule of JUDGMENT reservation and Rule 35 (aa) is of no assistance to the contesting respondents. 33. As noticed earlier, by application of Rule 12, it is evident that the Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers of reserved category got promotion to the post of Assistant Divisional Engineer much earlier to the general category candidates. At this juncture, we may refer to the comparative 28 Page 28 table of service particulars of some of the appellants promoted as ADEs from Assistant Engineers/Junior Engineers and the respondents in the post of Assistant Engineer and Junior

(As extracted in the judgment of the Single Judge) 29 Page 29 If we look at the above comparative table of the service particulars of the appellants and the respondents, it is seen that the contesting respondents U. Palaniappan joined the

automatically accelerated at an unprecedented rate and as on 01.04.2004 his seniority rank as ADE is 150 and seniority of V. Appadurai is 120. The appellants who are qualified and seniors than the contesting respondents are placed much below in rank in comparison to the person belonging to the reserved class promotees who were promoted following the rule of reservation. It is to be noted that the private respondents in the present case have been promoted temporarily under Rule 39 (a) and Rule 10 (a) (i) of the General JUDGMENT Rules with the condition that their inclusion in the promotional order shall not confer on them any right whatsoever in the service. Determination of seniority is a vital aspect in the service career of an employee and his future promotion is dependent on this. Therefore, determination of seniority must be based on some principles which are just and fair. In the absence of any policy decision taken or rules 30 Page 30 framed by the State of Tami Nadu regarding Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Service, accelerated promotion given to the respondents following rule of reservation in terms of Rule

34. Appellants were appointed as Assistant Engineers directly, while the respondents were initially appointed as Junior Engineers. Hence according to the respondents, there was no common seniority between the Assistant Engineers belonging to general category and Junior Engineers belonging to reserved class and therefore promotion of JEs as ADEs applying Rule 12 is of no relevance to the appellants. This contention does not merit acceptance. Both the Assistant Engineers in the Tamil Nadu Engineering Service and the JUDGMENT Junior Engineers in the Tamil Nadu Engineering Subordinate Service are feeder categories for filling up higher post of the Assistant Divisional Engineer in the ratio of 3:1 between them. Although, Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers are presently two distinct categories, prior to 1993, both Assistant Engineers and Junior Engineers were in one category of service-Tamil Nadu Highways Engineering Subordinate 31 Page 31 Service. Only after G.O.Ms.No.807, Public Works (HK) Department dated 24.05.1993, the post of Assistant Engineer was raised to the level gazetted status and they were brought

For promotion, even though two separate seniority lists are prepared for each category, they are actually of the same cadre and the respondents cannot contend that if Junior Engineers are promoted as ADEs following rule of reservation applying Rule 12, it does not affect the services of the Assistant Engineers. 35. In the absence of any provision for consequential seniority in the rules, the ‘ catch up rule’ will be applicable and the roster-point reserved category promotees cannot count JUDGMENT their seniority in the promoted category from the date of their promotion and the senior general candidates if later reach the promotional level, general candidates will regain their seniority. The Division Bench appears to have proceeded on an erroneous footing that Article 16 (4A) of the Constitution of India automatically gives the consequential seniority in addition to accelerated promotion to the roster-point 32 Page 32 promotees and the judgment of the Division Bench cannot be sustained. 36. In the result, the impugned judgment is set aside

Nos. 1 and 2 are directed to revise the seniority list of Assistant Divisional Engineers applying the ‘ catch up rule’ within four months. Pursuant to the impugned judgment of the Division Bench of Madras High Court, if any further promotion had been granted to the Assistant Divisional Engineers promoted from the rank of Junior Engineers following rule of reservation with consequential seniority, the same shall be reversed. Further promotion of Assistant Divisional Engineers shall be as per the revised seniority list. JUDGMENT The parties shall bear their own costs. ..……………………J. (T.S. THAKUR) ….……………………J. (R. BANUMATHI) New Delhi; August 27, 2015 33 Page 33