BHIMRAO @ RAMESH PANDHARI BHADE vs. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 1 of 3 CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 144-148 of 1996 PETITIONER: Bhimrao @ Ramesh Pandhari Bhade & Ors. RESPONDENT: State of Maharashtra DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/02/2003 BENCH: N.Santosh Hegde & B.P.Singh JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T SANTOSH HEGDE,J. In regard to an incident which took place on 8.10.1991 at about 3 p.m. in the house of one Prabhakar Gawande, 37 accused persons were charge-sheeted for offences punishable under Section 302 read with Section 149, Section 427 read with Section 149, Section 323 read with Section 149 and Sections 148, 395 and 396 IPC. In that case the learned Sessions Judge, Akola while acquitting 16 of the accused, convicted accused No.1 under Section 302 IPC along with certain other charges and awarded him life imprisonment. In regard to others, he found them guilty principally under Section 302 read with Section 149 and surprisingly awarded only 8 years RI. In appeal the High Court confirmed the conviction under Section 302 awarded to A-1 and in regard to some of the accused persons who were appellants before him it altered the conviction to one under Section 304 Part II read with Section 149 and awarded 7 years R.I. While in regard to the appellants before us, it altered the conviction to one under Section 326 read with 149 and sentenced them to undergo RI for three years. The appeal of A-1 who is convicted under Section 302 and other appellants whose sentence was altered to one under Section 304 Part II have since been dismissed by this Court. In the present appeal, only those accused who have been convicted under Section 326 read with Section 149 are before us as appellants. The prosecution case briefly stated is that on 8.10.1991 at about 3.00 p.m. all these accused persons along with some others formed an unlawful assembly with a common object of committing the murder of one Prabhakar Gawande. With that object, they went to his house. At that place some of the members of the unlawful assembly entered the house of said Prabhakar and assaulted him causing grievous injuries, consequent to which he died about six days later. It is the further case of the prosecution that while Prabhakar was being assaulted inside the house the appellants herein stood outside the house and did not take part in the assault on the deceased, nor was any grievous injury caused to anyone by them. It is on the basis of this prosecution case, the learned Sessions Judge while acquitting 16 of the accused who were charge-sheeted, convicted A-1 under Section 302 and others under Section 302 read with Section 149. In appeal, the High Court, on re-appreciation of the evidence, came to the conclusion that on the said date of incident while accused persons did form an unlawful assembly, the common object of the said unlawful assembly was only to cause assault on said Prabhakar and with that object in mind the group had proceeded towards the house of the said Prabhakar and when http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 2 of 3 they reached the house, some of the accused entered the house while the appellants now before us stayed outside the house. The High Court also came to the conclusion that those members of the unlawful assembly who had entered the house attacked Prabhakar causing him grievous injuries did something more than the original object of the assembly. It, therefore, came to the conclusion that the common object of the assembly of persons who remained outside was not the same as the common object that was subsequently formed by the members of the assembly who went inside the house of Prabhakar. On that basis, it distinguished the case of two groups, and on that basis the High Court found those members of the unlawful assembly who entered the house guilty of an offence punishable under Section 304 Part II and sentenced them to 7 years RI while it found the appellants who were outside the house guilty of an offence punishable under Section 326 read with Section 149 IPC and sentenced them to three years. Shri U.R.Lalit, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellants in these appeals contended that the High Court having come to the conclusion that the original common object of the unlawful assembly was only to assault Prabhakar pursuant to which these appellants had gone to his house and they having not done anything beyond that, the High Court erred in finding them guilty of offence punishable under Section 326 read with 149 IPC. He contended that at the most these appellants could be found guilty of offence punishable under Section 352 read with 149 IPC. This the learned counsel argued on the basis of the finding of the High Court itself. Dr.R.B.Masodkar, learned counsel appearing for the State, however, contended that the High Court was in error in bifurcating the common object of a single unlawful assembly into two and coming to the conclusion that the present appellants did not share the common object of the other members of the unlawful assembly who entered the house and assaulted the deceased. According to the learned counsel, the common object of all the members of the unlawful assembly was only to cause death of Prabhakar and it is with that object in mind all the members of the unlawful assembly carrying deadly weapons had proceeded to the house of the deceased, therefore, all the members of the unlawful assembly should be attributed the same common object. We have heard the arguments of the learned counsel and perused the records. The High Court after considering the material on record came to specific conclusion that the common object of unlawful assembly when it proceeded towards the house of Prabhakar was only to assault the said Prabhakar. It also gave a finding that those accused who entered the house of Prabhakar had developed a different common object after entering the house of Prabhakar and with that intention the members of the said group had assaulted Prabhakar, while the members of the original unlawful assembly who did not enter the house and who are now appellants before us did not share the subsequent common object of the group which attacked Prabhakar. It is in this context of the finding of the High Court, the learned counsel for the appellants had contended that if the original common object of the unlawful assembly was only to assault Prabhakar there was no material before the High Court to have attributed the common object of causing grievous hurt to Prabhakar to these appellants. We find substantial force in the contention of the learned counsel appearing for the appellants. Having perused the material on record, we are inclined to hold that the High Court having rightly given a specific finding that the original common object of the assembly was only to assault deceased Prabhakar and also having given a finding that the said common object got changed only in regard to those members of the unlawful assembly who entered the house, we are unable to accept the later finding of the High Court that the appellants herein though they did not share the later common http://JUDIS.NIC.IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Page 3 of 3 object of those accused who entered the house, will still be liable for conviction under Section 326 read with 149 IPC. In the absence of any material to the contrary, it should be presumed that those members of the original unlawful assembly who only shared the common object of assaulting deceased Prabhakar cannot be attributed with the subsequent change in the common object of some of the members of the assembly who entered the house of Prabhakar and caused grievous injuries to him. So far as the present appellants are concerned, who stood outside the house of the deceased and who could not have known what actually transpired inside the house, the act of those members of the original unlawful assembly who entered the house, cannot be attributed, hence, as contended by the learned counsel for the appellants at the most these appellants will be liable to be punished for sharing the original common object which is only to assault the deceased, therefore, they can be held guilty of an offence punishable under Section 352 read with Section 149 only. For the reasons stated, these appeals succeed, the conviction awarded to the appellants under Section 326 read with 149 IPC by the High Court is modified to one under Section 352 read with 149 IPC and a sentence of 3 months RI is awarded to these appellants. Learned counsel for the appellants submit that all the appellants have already undergone sentence exceeding the period of three months, if that be so, they will be entitled for remission of the said period already undergone. With the above modifications, these appeals partly succeed and the same are allowed to that extent.