RASHID WALI BEG vs. FARID PINDARI

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 28-10-2021

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION Civil Appeal No. 6336 of  2021 ( Arising out of Special Leave Petition (C) No.9733 of 2015) RASHID WALI BEG      ... APPELLANT(S) Versus FARID PINDARI & ORS.            ... RESPONDENT(S)   J U D G M E N T V. Ramasubramanian, J. Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by R Natarajan Date: 2021.10.28 16:04:49 IST Reason: 1. Aggrieved by the Judgment of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad,   Lucknow   Bench,   holding   that   a   suit   for   a   permanent injunction before a civil court is not barred by Section 85 of the Waqf 1 Act, 1995 (for short   “the Act ”), the defendant has come up with the above appeal. 2. We   have   heard   Mr.   Pradeep   Misra,   learned   counsel   for   the appellant and Mr. Pradeep Kant, learned senior counsel for the first respondent. 3. The first respondent     filed a suit in R.S. No.137 of 2011 herein against the appellant   herein   as defendant No. 1 and impleading the respondents 2 to 5   herein   as defendants 2 to 5. The suit was for a mandatory   injunction   directing   the   defendants   to   remove   the encroachment   made   by   them   and   for   a   permanent   injunction restraining   the   defendants   from   interfering   with   the   plaintiff’s possession of a piece of land situated at Mirzaganj, Pargana and Tehsil Malihabad, Lucknow. The suit was filed in the Court of Civil Judge, Senior   Division,   Malihabad.   The   case   of   the   first   respondent herein /plaintiff was that the suit property originally belonged to one Mirza Abid Ali Beg; that during his life time he created a Waqf­al­ Aulad; that during his life time, Mirza Abid Ali Beg was the mutawalli; that after his life time, his elder daughter became the mutawalli; that thereafter, the younger daughter Smt. Afzal Jahan Begum became the 2 mutawalli; that the said Afzal Jahan Begum was the grandmother of the plaintiff; that the father of the plaintiff led a wayward life, forcing the grandmother to deliver possession of the property to the plaintiff, authorizing  him  to maintain the  properties  and  utilize   the  income thereof for the maintenance of the family; that after taking possession, the   plaintiff   constructed   shops   on   the   land   and   let   them   out   to tenants;   that   after   sometime,   the   grandmother   of   the   plaintiff appointed the father of the plaintiff as the mutawalli; that there were criminal   proceedings   between   the   plaintiff   and   his   father;   that   on 18.12.2010, the defendants brought building materials and started digging foundation in the land behind the shops, at the instigation of the   father   of   the   plaintiff;   that   though   the   plaintiff   gave   a   police complaint, they were indifferent, emboldening the defendants to raise a boundary  wall in  a  portion of  the   land  and  that,   therefore, the plaintiff was constrained to file a suit for mandatory and perpetual injunction. 4. After entering appearance in the suit, the appellant     who herein was   the   first   defendant,   filed   a   written   statement   admitting   the existence of the waqf and waqf property. Thereafter, he took out an application under Order VII, Rule 11 CPC for rejection of plaint, on the 3 simple ground that the Civil Court has no jurisdiction to try a suit relating to what is admittedly a waqf property. The said application was allowed by the Civil Judge, Senior Division, Malihabad and the suit was dismissed. 5. Challenging the aforesaid judgment, the first respondent  herein / plaintiff filed a regular appeal under Section 96 CPC, but the first Appellate Court dismissed the appeal. 6. However, the second appeal filed by the first respondent­plaintiff was allowed by the High Court on the short ground that since the dispute does not involve either a question as to the nature of the property or the question whether the suit schedule property is a waqf property or not and also since the suit is only for injunction, the Civil Court was not barred from entertaining the suit, under Section 85 of the Act. It is against the said judgment of the High court that the first defendant in the suit has come up with the above appeal. 7. Therefore, the only question that arises for our consideration in this appeal is as to whether a suit for permanent injunction in respect of a waqf property is maintainable in a civil court or not. 4 8. The question of jurisdiction of civil courts to adjudicate upon disputes,   for   the   determination   of   which   special   tribunals   are constituted under special statutes, has been a vexed question which has   turned,   over   a   period   of   time,   into   a   seesaw   battle.   This   is especially so particularly in respect of waqfs. But there is a historical background to this.    1913 Act 9. The earliest enactment to come up, relating to waqfs, was the Mussalman Waqf Validating Act, 1913 (6 of 1913). This Act recognised the right of muslims to make   settlement of properties by way of waqf in favour of their families, children and descendents. This Act declared that no waqf shall be deemed as invalid merely because it postponed the   religious   and   charitable   benefit   confirmed   therein,   until   the extinction of the family of the founder. The reason why this Act was legislated, was to overcome the decision of the Privy Council in  Abdul 1 Jata Mohammed Ishak    vs.   Russomoy Dhur Choudhary , which declared as invalid, a waqf created for the benefit of the family, though coupled with a gift to charity on the failure of the line of descendents. 1 [1894 (22) Calcutta (PC)]   5 This Validating Act of 1913 was given retrospective application by Act 32 of 1930. 1923 Act 10. Then came the Mussalman Waqf Act 1923, which can be called the   precursor   of   Waqf   Legislation,   dealing   with   the   creation, maintenance and administration of waqf and waqf property. This Act required the mutawalli of every waqf to furnish to the Court within whose   jurisdiction   the   waqf   property   was   situate,   a   statement   of particulars. The Act also mandated the mutawalli of every waqf to furnish a full and true statement of accounts to the Court, after it is audited. The Court was empowered under this Act to hold an inquiry to ascertain:  (i)  Whether the waqf exists  (ii)  Whether any property is a waqf property and  (iii)  Who is the mutawalli of the waqf. The 1923 Act contemplated the creation of a Register of waqfs and the Court was conferred with the power to record entries in the said Register. The 1923 Act contained a provision in Section 6N, empowering the Court to authorise any one or more of the members of the waqf committee to institute   or   defend   any   Suit   or   proceeding   for   the   protection   or recovery of waqf property or for the application of a waqf property in 6 any public charitable or religious purpose. This power of the Court under Section 6N, was notwithstanding anything contained in Section 92 of CPC. 11. Thus the 1923 Act specifically provided a role for the civil court in the matter of recognition and registration of waqfs, protection of waqf properties and the oversight of the management of the waqfs. In fact, the court had enormous powers under the 1923 Act, including the power to order a special audit.  1954 Act 12. After India attained Independence, the Parliament enacted the Waqf   Act   1954,   with   the   professed   object   of   providing   for   better administration and supervision of waqfs. The statements of Objects and Reasons of the 1954 Act, recorded that the 1923 Act was not of much practical value and that therefore the provincial governments of Bombay, Bengal and the United Provinces introduced amendments respectively in 1934, 1935 and 1936 to the 1923 Act. 13. Sections 6, 27, 36A, 43, 55, 56, 57, 60 and 61 of the 1954 Act recognised the Civil Court as the forum for the resolution of various 7 disputes relating to waqfs and waqf properties as could be seen from the following :­ (i) Section 6 enabled the Board or mutawalli or any person interested to institute a suit in a Civil Court of competent Jurisdiction, wherever any question arose as to  (A)  Whether a particular property specified in the list published under Section 5 is a waqf property or  (B)  Whether the waqf is a Shia waqf or a Sunni waqf.  (ii) Though Section 27(1) of the Act, authorised the waqf Board also to decide the question whether a particular property is a waqf property or not, the decision of the Board on the question, was made subject to jurisdiction of the Civil Court as seen from Section 27(2).  (iii) Section 36­A (1) provided for the remedy of a requisition by the waqf Board to the Collector, whenever any immovable property of a waqf was transferred without the previous sanction of the Board. The Collector   was   empowered   under   this   provision   to   pass   an   order directing the person in possession of the said property, to deliver it to the Board. The order so passed by the Collector was appealable to the District Court under Section 36A (4). 8 (iv) Section 43(5) of the 1954 Act made the order of the Waqf Board removing the mutawalli and directing him to deliver possession of the waqf property, deemed to be a decree of the Civil Court, executable by the Civil Court, as if it was a decree passed by it.  (v) Section 55 enabled the Waqf Board to institute a suit to obtain any of   the   reliefs   mentioned   in   Section   92,   CPC   relating   to   any   waqf, without obtaining the consent referred to in Section 92, CPC. Section 56 contained a provision similar to Section 80 of CPC and Section 57 laid down the procedure to be followed by the Civil Court, in every suit or   proceeding   relating   to   title   to   waqf   property   or   the   right   of   a mutawalli or any sale of waqf property in execution of a decree of Civil Court.  (vi) Section 60 imposed a bar on the rights of the parties to a suit, to enter into a compromise without the sanction of the Board. The Waqf Board was empowered by Section 61 to make an application to the Court in case of failure of mutawalli to discharge his duties.  Waqf  Inquiry Committee and 1984 Amendment Act 14. The 1954 Act, went through some amendments in 1959, 1964 and in 1969.  But by and large, the working of the  Waqf  Boards was 9 found to be unsatisfactory  and hence with a  view to  tone  up the administration   of   waqfs,   the   Central   Government   constituted   a committee known as Waqf Inquiry Committee.  The Committee made a large number of recommendations and its Report, after consultation with all stake holders, led to comprehensive amendments to the Act, under   the   Waqf   (Amendment)   Act,   1984.   One   of   the   important amendments made by this Amendment Act, was the substitution of the existing Section 55 of the principal Act with a new provision. The newly substituted Section 55(1) provided for the constitution of special tribunals   for   the   determination   of   any   dispute,   question   or   other matter relating to a waqf or waqf property. But the right to invoke the jurisdiction of the Waqf Tribunal was made available under Section 55(2) of the Act, only to,     any mutawalli of the waqf;     a person (i) (ii) interested in the waqf; or  (iii)  any other person aggrieved by any order made under the Act or Rule or any order made there under. Section 55(5) declared that the Tribunal shall be deemed to be a civil court, having the same powers as may be exercised by a civil court under the CPC, while trying a suit or executing a decree. However, the Tribunal was   given   the   freedom   to   follow   its   own   procedure   as   may   be prescribed, notwithstanding anything contained in the CPC. Though 10 the decision of the Tribunal was declared to be final under sub section (7) of Section 55, and though no appeal would lie against a decision of the Tribunal by virtue of sub­section (9), the High Court was conferred a power of revision under the proviso to sub­section (9) of Section 55. 15. Section 55C barred the jurisdiction of civil court in respect of any dispute, question or other matter relating to any waqf, waqf property or other matter which is required by or under the Act to be determined by   a   Tribunal.   But   at   the   same   time,   Section   55D   contained   a provision  enabling   the   court  to  appoint a  Receiver  under  certain circumstances. Section 55D reads as follows:­ “55D. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, or in any other law for the time being in force, where   any   suit   or   other   legal   proceeding   is   instituted   or commenced­ (a) by or on behalf of a Board – (i) to   set   aside   the   sale   of   any   immovable property, which is waqf property, in execution of a decree or order of a civil court; (ii) to   set   aside   the   transfer   of   any   immovable property,   which   is   waqf   property,   made   by   the mutawalli thereof, whether for valuable consideration or note, without, or otherwise than in accordance with, the sanction of the Board; (iii) to recover possession of the property referred to in clause(a) or clause (b) or to restore possession of such property to the mutawalli of the concerned waqf; or (b) by a mutawalli to recover possession of immovable property,  which  is  waqf  property,  which  has been transferred   by   a   previous   mutawalli,   whether   for valuable consideration or not, without or otherwise than in accordance with, the sanction of the Board and which is in the possession of the defendants,  11 the court may, on the application of the plaintiff, appoint a receiver of such property and direct such receiver to pay from time to time to the plaintiff, out of the income of the property, such amount as the court may consider to be necessary for further prosecution of the suit. The Waqf Act, 1995 16. But it appears that the Amendment Act of 1984 came under severe criticism and hence only two provisions of the 1984 Act came to 2 be   enforced   because   of   strong   opposition   from   the   community . Therefore,   a   comprehensive   bill   on   waqf   matters   incorporating  the features  of   the   1954   Act   and   such   provisions   of   the   1984   Act  in respect   of   which   there   was   near   consensus,   was   introduced.   This became the Waqf Act, 1995. This Act provided for the setting up of waqf   tribunals to consider questions and disputes pertaining to waqfs. An important feature of the 1995 Act is that it was made applicable to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir, though the Waqf Act, 1954 was not applicable to Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, parts of Gujarat, parts of Maharashtra and some of the North Eastern 3 states . 2  See paragraph 3 of the Statement of Objects and Reasons of 1995 Act 3  See paragraph 6 (h) of the Statement of Objects and Reasons of 1995 Act  12 16. Sections   83   and   section   85   of   the   Waqf   Act,   1995   (as   they originally stood before amendment in 2013) read as follows:­
“83. Constitution of Tribunals, etc.—
(1)  The   State   Government   shall,   by   notification   in   the   Official Gazette, constitute as many Tribunals as it may think fit, for the determination of any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf or waqf property under this Act and define the local limits and jurisdiction under this Act of each of such Tribunals.
(2) Any mutawalli person interested in a waqf or any other person<br>aggrieved by an order made under this Act, or rules made<br>thereunder, may make an application within the time specified in<br>this Act or where no such time has been specified, within such<br>time as may be prescribed, to the Tribunal for the determination of<br>any dispute, question or other matter relating to the waqf.
(3) Where any application made under sub­section (1) relates to<br>any waqf property which falls within the territorial limits of the<br>jurisdiction of two or more Tribunals, such application may be<br>made to the Tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction<br>the mutawalli or any one of the mutawallis of the waqf actually<br>and voluntarily resides, carries on business or personally works<br>for gain, and, where any such application is made to the Tribunal<br>aforesaid, the other Tribunal or Tribunals having jurisdiction shall<br>not entertain any application for the determination of such<br>dispute, question or other matter:
Provided that the State Government may, if it is of opinion<br>that it is expedient in the interest of the waqf or any other person<br>interested in the waqf or the waqf property to transfer such<br>application to any other Tribunal having jurisdiction for the<br>determination of the dispute, question or other matter relating to<br>such waqf or waqf property, transfer such application to any other<br>Tribunal having jurisdiction, and, on such transfer, the Tribunal<br>to which the application is so transferred shall deal with the<br>application from the stage which was reached before the Tribunal<br>from which the application has been so transferred, except where<br>the Tribunal is of opinion that it is necessary in the interests of<br>justice to deal with the application afresh.
(4) Every Tribunal shall consist of—
(a) one person, who shall be a member of the State<br>Judicial Service holding a rank, not below that of<br>a District, Sessions or Civil Judge, Class I, who<br>shall be the Chairman;
(a) one person, who shall be a member of the State<br>Judicial Service holding a rank, not below that of<br>a District, Sessions or Civil Judge, Class I, who<br>shall be the Chairman;
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(b) one person, who shall be an officer from the State<br>Civil Services equivalent in rank to that of the<br>Additional District Magistrate, Member;<br>(c) one person having knowledge of Muslim law and<br>jurisprudence, Member,(b) one person, who shall be an officer from the State<br>Civil Services equivalent in rank to that of the<br>Additional District Magistrate, Member;
(c) one person having knowledge of Muslim law and<br>jurisprudence, Member,
and the appointment of every such person may be made either by<br>name or by designation.
(4A) The terms and conditions of appointment including the<br>salaries and allowances payable to the Chairman and other<br>members other than persons appointed as ex officio members<br>shall be such as may be prescribed.
(5) The Tribunal shall be deemed to be a civil court and shall have<br>the same powers as may be exercised by a civil court under the<br>Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), while trying a suit, or<br>executing a decree or order.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Civil<br>Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), the Tribunal shall follow such<br>procedure as may be prescribed.
(7) The decision of the Tribunal shall be final and binding upon<br>the parties to the application and it shall have the force of a decree<br>made by a civil court.
(8) The execution of any decision of the Tribunal shall be made by<br>the civil court to which such decision is sent for execution in<br>accordance with the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure,<br>1908 (5 of 1908).
(9) No appeal shall lie against any decision or order whether<br>interim or otherwise, given or made by the Tribunal:
Provided that a High Court may, on its own motion or on<br>the application of the Board or any person aggrieved, call for and<br>examine the records relating to any dispute, question or other<br>matter which has been determined by the Tribunal for the purpose<br>of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of<br>such determination and may confirm, reverse or modify such<br>determination or pass such other order as it may think fit.
85. Bar of jurisdiction of civil courts.—No suit or other legal
proceeding shall lie in any civil court in respect of any dispute,
question or other matter relating to any waqf, waqf property or
other matter which is required by or under this Act to be
determined by a Tribunal.
14 17. It is relevant to note at this stage that the words “ eviction of tenant or determination of rights and obligations of the lessor ” were inserted in sub­section (1) of and the lessee of such property Section 83, after the words “waqf property”, by Amendment Act 27 of 2013.  18. Similarly, the words, “civil court” were substituted by the words , in Section 85, by “civil court, revenue court and other authority” Amendment Act 27 of 2013. 19. Thus,   Act   27   of   2013   did   2   things.   First   it   expanded   the jurisdiction of Waqf Tribunal even to cover landlord­tenant disputes and   the   rights   and   obligations   of   lessor   and   lessee.   Second,   the Amendment Act enlarged the bar of jurisdiction, to cover even revenue courts and other authorities. 20. Sub­section   (2)   of   Section   83   of   the   1995   Act   indicates   the persons who are entitled to invoke the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. They are,  (i)  any mutawalli of the waqf;  (ii)  a person interested in the waqf; or  any other person aggrieved by any order made under the (iii)  Act or Rules or any order made there under. 15 21. Dehors   the   jurisdiction   conferred   upon   the   Tribunal   under Section 83(1) and   dehors   the bar of jurisdiction of the civil court, revenue court and any other authority under Section 85, the 1995 Act contains a special provision in Section 86 for the appointment by the civil court, of a Receiver, in certain cases. Section 86 reads as follows:­ ­ 86.   Appointment   of   a   receiver   in   certain   cases Notwithstanding   anything   contained   in   the   Code   of   Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), or in any other law for the time being in force, where any suit or other legal proceeding is instituted or commenced­ (a)  by or on behalf of a Board­ (i)  to   set   aside   the   sale   of   any   immovable property, which is waqf property, in execution of a decree or order of a civil court; (ii)  to   set   aside   the   transfer   of   any   immovable property, which is waqf property, made by the mutawalli   thereof,   whether   for   valuable consideration   or   not,   without   or   otherwise than in accordance with, the sanction of the Board; (iii)  to recover possession of the property referred to   in   clause   (a)   or   clause   (b)   or   to   restore possession of such property to the mutawalli of the concerned waqf; or (b)  by a mutawalli to recover possession of immovable property,  which  is  waqf  property,  which  has been transferred   by   a   previous   mutawalli,   whether   for valuable   consideration   or   not,   without   otherwise than in accordance with the sanction of the Board, and which is in the possession of the defendant, the  court  may,   on the  application of  the  plaintiff, appoint a receiver of such property and direct such receiver to pay from time to time to the plaintiff, out of the income of the property, such amount as the court   may   consider   to   be   necessary   for   further prosecution of the suit. 16 22. Section 86 thus recognises the right of the Board to institute or commence any suit or other legal proceeding,  (i)  to set aside the sale of a waqf property in execution of a decree of civil court;  to set aside (ii)  the transfer of any waqf property made by the mutawalli,   without the sanction   of   the   Board   or   otherwise   than   in   accordance   with   the sanction of the Board; and   (iii)   to recover and restore possession of such property to the mutawalli. Clause (b) of Section 86 recognises a similar right for the mutawalli to recover possession of waqf property, which has been transferred by the previous mutawalli or any other person without the sanction of the Board. 23. It   is   therefore   clear   from   Section   86,   that   in   suits   or   other proceedings instituted by the Board falling under clause (a) or those instituted by the mutawalli falling under clause (b) of Section 86, the civil court will have jurisdiction to appoint a receiver. As a corollary, the bar under Section 85 will have no application to cases covered by Section 86. 24. Apart from the bar of jurisdiction of civil courts under Section 85, the Act envisages yet another bar under Section 88. Section 88 excludes the jurisdiction of a civil court to entertain a challenge to any 17 notification or order or decision made, proceeding or action taken by the   Central   Government   or   the   State   Government   under   the   Act. Section 88 reads as follows:­
88. Bar to challenge the validity of any notification, etc.—
Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, no notification or
order or decision made, proceeding or action taken, by the Central
Government or the State Government under this Act or any rule
made thereunder shall be questioned in any civil court.”
25. Section   89   of   the   Waqf   Act,   1995   contains   a   rule   similar   to Section   80   CPC,   in   respect   of   suits   instituted   against   the   Board. Interestingly, Section 90 which regulates the procedure for the issue of notice   of   suits,   refers   both   to   courts   and   tribunals.     It   reads   as follows:­
90. Notice of suits, etc., by courts.—
(2)  Whenever   any   waqf   property   is   notified   for   sale   in execution of a decree of a civil court or for the recovery of any revenue, cess, rates or taxes due to the Government or any local authority, notice shall be given to the Board by the court, Collector or other person under whose order the sale is notified. (3)  In the absence of a notice under sub­section (1), any decree or order passed in the suit or proceeding shall be declared void, if the Board, within one month of its coming to know of such suit or proceeding, applies to the court in this behalf. (4)  In the absence of a notice under sub­section (2), the sale shall   be   declared   void,   if   the   Board,   within   one   month   of   its coming to know of the sale, applies in this behalf to the court or other authority under whose order the sale was held. 18 26. It is seen from sub­section (1) of Section 90 that it uses the words,  “the   court   or   Tribunal”   and   it   refers   to   suit  or   proceeding relating to title to or possession of a  waqf  property or the right of the mutawalli  or beneficiary. 27. A cumulative reading of Sections 86, 89 and 90 would show that the bar of jurisdiction under Section 85 is not total and omnipotent and that there may be cases which could still be entertained by civil courts. In fact, Section 93 which prohibits the   from entering mutawalli into a compromise with the opposite party in any suit, also refers to “court”.  Section 93 reads as follows:­
93. Bar to compromise of suits by or against mutawallis.—No
suit or proceeding in any court by or against the mutawalli of a
waqf relating to title to waqf property or the rights of the mutawalli
shall be compromised without the sanction of the Board.”
28. We have seen elsewhere that Section 83(2) specifically enables, (i) any mutawalli; (ii) any person interested in a waqf; and (iii) any other person   aggrieved   by   an   order   made   under   the   Act,   to   invoke   the jurisdiction   of   the   Tribunal   for   the   determination   of   any   dispute, question or other matter relating to the waqf. Section 83(2) does not make any reference to the Waqf Board. However, Section 94(1) enables the Board to apply to the Tribunal, for appropriate orders, whenever a 19 mutawalli fails to perform an act recognized by Muslim Law as pious, religious and charitable. Under Section 61 of the 1954 Act, such an application can be made by the Board only to the court, but now it can be made to the Tribunal under Section 94(1).  29. In view of the language employed in Sections 83 and 85, coupled with the reference to civil courts in Sections 86, 90 and 93, it appears that the question of bar of jurisdiction of the civil court, has been left by the law makers to the vagaries of judicial opinion and this has given rise to conflicting decisions, to some of which, we shall now turn our attention. 30. Some of the decisions of this Court, in which this controversy was addressed, are presented in the form of a table, for the purpose of easy appreciation. Apart from the cause title and citation, the table below   gives   an   indication   of   the   forum   from   which   the   original proceedings   emanated   in   those   cases,   the   reliefs   sought   by   the plaintiff/applicant in those original proceedings and a summary of facts and the ratio laid down in each of them. 20
S.NoCause Title &<br>Case No.EmanatingReliefs sought in<br>the original<br>proceedingOpinion of this court on the<br>question of Jurisdiction of<br>civil court/Tribunal
from Civil
Court / Waqf
Tribunal
1Sayed<br>Muhammed<br>Mashur Kunhi<br>Koyal Thangal<br>vs.<br>Badagara<br>Jumayath Palli<br>Dharas<br>Committee<br>(2004) 7 SCC<br>708Civil CourtCivil CourtDeclaration of Title1.The matter arose out of a civil
and Recovery ofsuit filed in 1984, before the
possession of theadvent of the Waqf Act, 1995.
Plaint Schedule2.The trial court decreed the
Property.suit, but the first appellate court
reversed it. In the second appeal
filed in 1988 which came up for
hearing in 2001 after the advent
of the 1995 Act, the High Court
framed a question with reference
to Section 85 and held that the
civil court had jurisdiction to try
the suit.
3.Though this Court reversed the
judgment of the High Court, the
same was not on the question of
maintainability of the suit. The
net result is that the opinion of
the High court on the question of
jurisdiction was left untouched.
2Sardar Khan<br>vs.<br>Syed Najmul<br>Hasan<br>(2007) 10 SCC<br>727Civil CourtNot clear from the<br>narration of facts in<br>the judgment.1. The suit was filed in December,<br>1976, and the trial (civil) court<br>dismissed the suit on merits on<br>23.01.1996. The Waqf Act, 1995<br>came into force w.e.f. 01.01.1996.<br>2. The plaintiff filed an appeal<br>before High court on 1­3­1996<br>and contended that the civil court<br>ceased to have jurisdiction after<br>the coming into force of the 1995<br>Act. High court agreed and<br>relegated the parties to the Waqf<br>Tribunal. This was challenged in<br>this court.<br>3. This Court referred to Section<br>7(5) of the Waqf Act, 1995 and<br>held that the tribunal will have no<br>jurisdiction to decide any matter<br>which is the subject matter of any<br>suit instituted or commenced in a<br>civil court before commencement<br>of the 1995 Act.<br>4. So holding, this Court reversed<br>the judgment of the High Court1.The suit was filed in December,
1976, and the trial (civil) court
dismissed the suit on merits on
23.01.1996. The Waqf Act, 1995
came into force w.e.f. 01.01.1996.
2.The plaintiff filed an appeal
before High court on 1­3­1996
and contended that the civil court
ceased to have jurisdiction after
the coming into force of the 1995
Act. High court agreed and
relegated the parties to the Waqf
Tribunal. This was challenged in
this court.
3.This Court referred to Section
7(5) of the Waqf Act, 1995 and
held that the tribunal will have no
jurisdiction to decide any matter
which is the subject matter of any
suit instituted or commenced in a
civil court before commencement
of the 1995 Act.
4.So holding, this Court reversed
the judgment of the High Court
21
which relegated the parties to the<br>Waqf tribunal.
3Ramesh<br>Gobindram<br>vs.<br>Surgra<br>Humayun<br>Mirza Waqf<br>(2010) 8 SCC<br>726Waqf TribunalSuit for Eviction of<br>tenants occupying<br>Waqf properties.1. Suits for eviction of tenants
filed before the Waqf Tribunal
were decreed. The tenants filed
revision petitions before the High
Court but the High Court
dismissed the revision petitions.
Hence the tenants were on
appeal.
2.This Court held that the Waqf
Act, 1995 does not provide for
any proceedings before the
tribunal for determination of a
dispute concerning the eviction of
a tenant in occupation of Waqf
property or the rights and
obligations of the lessor and
lessees of such property.
3.Holding that a suit for eviction
of tenants from what is
admittedly a waqf property could
be filed only before the civil court
and not before the tribunal, this
Court overruled the views of the
High Courts of Andhra Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Kerala and Punjab and Haryana.
The views taken by the High
Courts of Allahabad, Karnataka,
Madras and Bombay were
affirmed. It was further held that
the interest of those uninterested
in the waqf (non­muslims) will be
put in jeopardy if Section 6(1) is
limited to only the muttavalli,
board and those interested in
waqf, hence the special limitation
imposed by Section 6(1) is
inapplicable to strangers.
4Board of Waqf<br>vs.<br>Anis Fatma<br>Begum<br>(2010) 14 SCC<br>588Civil CourtQuestions raised1. While the single judge of the
were:(i)whether theHigh Court held that the Waqf
division ofAct is applicable for the property
immovable propertyearmarked for waqf­al­al­aulad,
into two distinctivethe Division Bench of the High
parts, one for waqf­Court reversed it.
al­al­aulad, and2. While reversing the decision of
another for piousthe Division Bench of the High
and religiousCourt, this Court held that the
22
purposes is in<br>accordance with the<br>Act; and (ii) whether<br>the Waqf Act is<br>applicable for the<br>portion of the<br>property earmarked<br>for waqf­al­al­aulad.words, “any dispute, question or
other matters” are words of very
wide connotation and that the
tribunal has all the powers of the
civil court including the power to
grant temporary injunctions
under Order XXXIX, CPC.
3.This Court further held that
though Section 83(2) refers to
orders passed under the Act,
Sections 83(1) and 84 are
independent provisions and that
they do not require an order
passed under the Act for invoking
the jurisdiction of the Waqf
Tribunal. Even if no order has
been passed under the Act, the
party can approach the Waqf
Tribunal.
4.The decision inRamesh
Gobindramwas distinguished, on
the ground that the same related
to an eviction dispute.
5Punjab State<br>Waqf Board<br>vs.<br>Pritpal Singh<br>2013 SCC<br>Online SC<br>1345Waqf TribunalSuit for possession<br>and mesne profits.1.A suit for possession and
mesne profits was decreed by the
Waqf Tribunal. But on a writ
petition, the High Court set aside
the judgment of the Waqf
Tribunal on the ground that the
Tribunal had no jurisdiction to
entertain a suit for ejectment.
2.However, this Court set aside
the judgment of the High Court
holding that the suit was
maintainable before the Waqf
Tribunal. This Court pointed out
that the High Court mistook the
suit to be one for eviction, though
in fact, it was for possession and
mesne profits.
6Akkode<br>Jumayath Palli<br>Paripalana<br>Committee<br>vs.<br>P.V. Ibrahim<br>Haji and Ors.<br>(2014) 16 SCC<br>65First filed<br>before Civil<br>Court, but<br>later<br>transferred to<br>Waqf TribunalSuit for permanent<br>injunction1.A suit for permanent
injunction was first filed before
the civil court, but it was
transferred to the waqf tribunal.
2.The waqf tribunal decreed the
suit and granted a decree of
perpetual injunction, restraining
the defendants from interfering in
the administration, management,
peaceful possession and
purposes is in
accordance with the
Act; and(ii)whether
the Waqf Act is
applicable for the
portion of the
property earmarked
for waqf­al­al­aulad.
23
enjoyment of the mosque, the
madarassa run by it and all the
assets attached to the mosque.
3.On revision under Section
83(9) of the Act, the Kerala High
Court set aside the judgment of
the waqf tribunal holding that a
suit for perpetual injunction is
not maintainable before the waqf
tribunal. The High Court relied
upon the decision of this Court in
Ramesh Gobindram.This
judgment of the High Court was
challenged before this Court
4.This Court allowed the appeal
by relying upon the decision in
W.B.Waqf Board v.Anis Fatma
Begum, (2010) 14 SCC 588, in
whichRamesh Gobindramwas
distinguished.
5.In other words a suit for
perpetual injunction was held to
be maintainable before the waqf
tribunal.
7.Bhanwar Lal<br>vs.<br>Rajasthan<br>Board of<br>Muslim Waqf<br>(2014) 16 SCC<br>51Civil Court<br>(filed in 1980)Suit was first filed<br>for possession and<br>rendition of accounts<br>but subsequently<br>amended to include<br>a prayer to declare<br>the sale deed as<br>invalid.1.A suit was filed in the civil
court for possession and
rendition of accounts way back in
the year 1980. During the
pendency of the suit, the property
was sold in 1983 and hence the
plaint was amended for
additional relief of declaration
that the sale deed was invalid.
2.During the pendency of the
suit, the 1995 Act came into force
and hence the plaintiffs
themselves (State Waqf Board
and Muslim Board Committee)
filed an application under Section
85 of the 1995 Act seeking return
of the plaint to enable them to
resubmit the same before the
waqf tribunal.
3.The Trial court allowed the
application on the ground of bar
of jurisdiction and the defendants
filed a revision before the High
Court. The revision was
dismissed by the High Court and
the defendant was before this
24
Court.
4. After taking note of Section
7(5) and Section 85 as well as the
decision inSardar Khan,this
Court held that those matters
which are already pending before
the civil court, would continue to
be adjudicated by the civil court,
even after if the subject matter is
covered by Section 6(1).
5.The decision inRamesh
Gobindram,was extensively
referred to and it was held that a
suit for possession and rent is to
be tried by the civil court, but a
suit pertaining to removal of
trustees and rendition of
accounts would fall within the
domain of the tribunal.
6.It was further held that the
relief of cancellation of sale deed
is not covered by Section 6 or 7
and that therefore it is to be tried
by the civil court.
8Haryana Waqf<br>Board<br>vs.<br>Mahesh<br>Kumar<br>(2014) 16 SCC<br>45Civil CourtSuit for possession1. A suit for possession was filed<br>by the Waqf Board before the civil<br>court on the ground that the<br>property involved was notified as<br>a waqf property under Section<br>5(2).<br>2. The trial court decreed the<br>suit but the first appellate court<br>reversed it on the ground that a<br>question has arisen as to whether<br>the suit property is a waqf<br>property or not and that the said<br>question has to be decided only<br>by the tribunal. So holding, the<br>first appellate court set aside the<br>judgment of the trial court and<br>ordered the return of the plaint<br>under Order VII, Rule 10. The<br>High Court confirmed the said<br>judgment on a second appeal.<br>3. Relying upon the decision in<br>Bhanwar Lal, this Court<br>dismissed the SLP, thereby<br>confirming the view of the first<br>appellate court and the High1.A suit for possession was filed
by the WaqfBoard before the civil
court on the ground that the
property involved was notified as
a waqf property under Section
5(2).
(2014) 16 SCC
2.The trial court decreed the
suit but the first appellate court
reversed it on the ground that a
question has arisen as to whether
the suit property is a waqf
property or not and that the said
question has to be decided only
by the tribunal. So holding, the
first appellate court set aside the
judgment of the trial court and
ordered the return of the plaint
under Order VII, Rule 10. The
High Court confirmed the said
judgment on a second appeal.
3.Relying upon the decision in
Bhanwar Lal, this Court
dismissed the SLP, thereby
confirming the view of the first
appellate court and the High
25
Court that the waqf tribunal
alone had jurisdiction.
9Faseela M<br>vs.<br>Munnerul<br>Islam Madrasa<br>Committee<br>(2014) 16 SCC<br>38Waqf TribunalFor eviction of the<br>tenant, filed by<br>Madrasa Committee1. The Madarssa Committee filed<br>an application before the waqf<br>tribunal for the eviction of a<br>person on the ground that he was<br>a tenant in respect of a waqf<br>property. The respondent denied<br>that the subject property is a<br>waqf property and he also<br>challenged the jurisdiction of the<br>tribunal.<br>2. The waqf tribunal first ordered<br>the return of the plaint for<br>presentation before a civil court<br>but later recalled the previous<br>order on the ground that the<br>issue whether the subject<br>property is a waqf property or not<br>has arisen for consideration.<br>3. The said order of the waqf<br>tribunal was challenged in a<br>revision before the High Court.<br>The High Court confirmed the<br>second order of the waqf tribunal.<br>4. Holding that the issue relating<br>to eviction of tenant is squarely<br>covered by the decision of this<br>Court in Ramesh Gobindram,<br>and that Bhanwar Lal is not<br>inconsistent with Ramesh<br>Gobindram, this Court allowed<br>the appeals and restored the first<br>order of the tribunal directing the<br>return of the plaint.1.The Madarssa Committee filed
an application before the waqf
tribunal for the eviction of a
person on the ground that he was
a tenant in respect of a waqf
property. The respondent denied
that the subject property is a
waqf property and he also
challenged the jurisdiction of the
tribunal.
2.The waqf tribunal first ordered
the return of the plaint for
presentation before a civil court
but later recalled the previous
order on the ground that the
issue whether the subject
property is a waqf property or not
has arisen for consideration.
3. The said order of the waqf
tribunal was challenged in a
revision before the High Court.
The High Court confirmed the
second order of the waqf tribunal.
4. Holding that the issue relating
to eviction of tenant is squarely
covered by the decision of this
Court inRamesh Gobindram,
and thatBhanwar Lalis not
inconsistent withRamesh
Gobindram,this Court allowed
the appeals and restored the first
order of the tribunal directing the
return of the plaint.
10Rajasthan<br>Waqf Board<br>vs.<br>Devki Nandan<br>Pathak.<br>(2017) 14 SCC<br>561Waqf TribunalSuit for declaration<br>that the sale of the<br>subject Property was<br>void as it was a Waqf<br>Property. There was<br>also an alternative<br>prayer to prevent the<br>opponents from<br>taking forceful<br>possession of the<br>property from the<br>waqf.1.The suit was filed by the
mutawalli of a masjid before the
waqf tribunal.
2.The tribunal held the suit
property to be a waqf property
and hence decreed the suit.
3.The High Court set aside the
judgment of the waqf tribunal on
a revision filed by the persons
who purchased the property from
a private individual as though it
was a private property. The High
Court held that the remedy would
lie before the civil court.
26
4.This court allowed the appeal
holding that the main controversy
in the suit was whether the
subject property is a waqf
property or not and that the same
could be tried only by the waqf
tribunal. The decisions in
Ramesh GobindramandBhanwar
Lal,were relied upon.
5.This Court also relied upon
Section 51 which declares the
sale of any waqf property, made
without the prior sanction of the
board as void and pointed out
that under Section 52(2), the
right of appeal was only to the
tribunal in such matters.
11Dharampal<br>v.<br>Punjab Waqf<br>Board<br>(2018) 11 SCC<br>449:Civil CourtSuit was for<br>Possession and<br>injunction restraining<br>the defendants from<br>changing the nature<br>of the land and<br>making any<br>construction over itSuit was for1. The State Waqf Board filed a<br>suit for possession and<br>injunction before the civil court in<br>the year 1991 (before the advent<br>of the 1995 Act), against persons<br>who continued to occupy a land<br>even after the expiry of the lease<br>and who also encroached upon<br>additional land.<br>2. Defendant no.1 filed a counter<br>claim to the effect that he has<br>perfected title by adverse<br>possession.<br>3. By a judgment delivered in<br>1998 (after the advent of the<br>1995 Act), the suit was<br>dismissed, but the counter claim<br>was allowed holding that<br>defendant no.1 had perfected title<br>by adverse possession.<br>4. The first appellate court<br>reversed the judgment and decree<br>of the trial court, dismissing the<br>counter claim and decreeing the<br>suit of the waqf board for<br>possession.<br>5. The High Court affirmed the<br>judgment of the first appellate<br>court on a second appeal and the<br>dispute landed up before this<br>Court.<br>6. This Court addressed several1.The State Waqf Board filed a
Possession andsuit for possession and
injunction restraininginjunction before the civil court in
the defendants fromthe year 1991 (before the advent
changing the natureof the 1995 Act), against persons
who continued to occupy a land
of the land and
even after the expiry of the lease
making any
and who also encroached upon
construction over it
additional land.
2.Defendant no.1 filed a counter
claim to the effect that he has
perfected title by adverse
possession.
3.By a judgment delivered in
1998 (after the advent of the
1995 Act), the suit was
dismissed, but the counter claim
was allowed holding that
defendant no.1 had perfected title
by adverse possession.
4. The first appellate court
reversed the judgment and decree
of the trial court, dismissing the
counter claim and decreeing the
suit of the waqf board for
possession.
5.The High Court affirmed the
judgment of the first appellate
court on a second appeal and the
dispute landed up before this
Court.
6.This Court addressed several
27
issues, one of which was the bar
of jurisdiction. Since the suit had
been filed before the advent of the
1995 Act, this Court referred to
Section 55C of the Waqf Act,
1954 inserted by way of
Amendment Act 69 of 1984.
7.But this court took note of the
fact that the aforesaid
amendment under Act 69 of 1984
was never notified and that
therefore, Section 55C had no
application. As a consequence
this Court held that the civil
court had jurisdiction to decide
the suit by virtue of Section 6 of
the 1954 Act.
12Punjab Waqf<br>Board<br>vs.<br>Sham Singh<br>Harike<br>(2019) 4 SCC<br>698There were two<br>civil appeals<br>before this<br>Court, one<br>arising out of a<br>suit filed before<br>the civil court<br>for permanent<br>injunction, but<br>which got<br>transferred to<br>the waqf<br>tribunal and<br>the other<br>arising out of a<br>suit filed before<br>the waqf<br>tribunal for<br>possession and<br>permanent<br>injunction.The relief sought in<br>one proceeding was<br>for a permanent<br>injunction and the<br>relief sought in the<br>second proceeding<br>was for possession<br>and permanent<br>injunction.1.There were two civil appeals
before this Court.
2.Facts in one appeal
*
was filed by the waqf board before
the civil court seeking to restrain
the respondents from raising any
construction and changing the
nature of the property from
agricultural to residential.
*
The respondent denied the title
of the waqf board and raised the
question of maintainability of the
suit.
*
The suit was transferred to the
waqf tribunal but an application
for rejection of plaint was filed
before the tribunal on the ground
that the tribunal had no
jurisdiction.
*
application for rejection of plaint,
holding that the waqf tribunal
had jurisdiction. But the
judgment of the tribunal was
reversed by the High Court on a
revision, by relying upon the
judgment of this Court in
Ramesh Gobindram.The High
Court also held that the person
against whom reliefs were sought,
28
was a non­Muslim.<br>3. Facts in next appeal<br>* The Waqf Board filed a suit for<br>possession and injunction before<br>the Waqf Tribunal. The defendant<br>admitted tenancy and claimed<br>readiness to pay the rent. The<br>waqf tribunal decreed the suit.<br>* The High Court on a revision<br>set aside the judgment of the<br>waqf tribunal on the basis of the<br>decision in Ramesh Gobindram.<br>4. The judgment of the High<br>Court in both the matters came<br>up for consideration before this<br>Court in the two appeals.<br>5. OPINION OF THIS COURT<br>* After taking note of Section 55<br>of the Waqf Act, 1954, as it stood<br>prior to the 1984 amendment, the<br>amendments sought to be made<br>by the 1984 Act and the<br>provisions of the 1995 Act, this<br>Court dealt in extenso with the<br>reasoning of this Court in<br>Ramesh Gobindram.<br>* This Court also took note of the<br>decisions in Bhanwar Lal, Sardar<br>Khan, Faseela, Anis Fatma<br>Begum, Mahesh Kumar and<br>Akkode Jumayath Palli<br>Paripalana Committee. The<br>provisions of Sections 6(1), 7(1),<br>33(4), 51(5), 52(4) and 54(4) as<br>well as the amendment to Section<br>83(1) under Act 27 of 2013 were<br>also referred to.<br>* Thereafter this Court held at<br>the outset that the High Court’s<br>view that the right of a non­<br>Muslim cannot be jeopardized<br>under the Act, is contrary to the<br>statutory scheme contained in<br>Section 6.<br>* After holding so, this Court<br>allowed the 1st civil appeal which
was a non­Muslim.
3.Facts in next appeal
*
The Waqf Board filed a suit for
possession and injunction before
the Waqf Tribunal. The defendant
admitted tenancy and claimed
readiness to pay the rent. The
waqf tribunal decreed the suit.
*
The High Court on a revision
set aside the judgment of the
waqf tribunal on the basis of the
decision inRamesh Gobindram.
4.The judgment of the High
Court in both the matters came
up for consideration before this
Court in the two appeals.
5.OPINION OF THIS COURT
*
of the Waqf Act, 1954, as it stood
prior to the 1984 amendment, the
amendments sought to be made
by the 1984 Act and the
provisions of the 1995 Act, this
Court dealt in extenso with the
reasoning of this Court in
Ramesh Gobindram.
*
This Court also took note of the
decisions inBhanwar Lal, Sardar
Khan, Faseela, Anis Fatma
Begum, Mahesh Kumar and
Akkode Jumayath Palli
Paripalana Committee. The
provisions of Sections 6(1), 7(1),
33(4), 51(5), 52(4) and 54(4) as
well as the amendment to Section
83(1) under Act 27 of 2013 were
also referred to.
*
Thereafter this Court held at
the outset that the High Court’s
view that the right of a non­
Muslim cannot be jeopardized
under the Act, is contrary to the
statutory scheme contained in
Section 6.
*
After holding so, this Court
allowed the 1stcivil appeal which
29
arose out of a suit for permanent<br>injunction, earlier filed before the<br>civil court and later transferred to<br>the waqf tribunal. The reason<br>given by this court was that the<br>question whether the subject<br>property is a waqf property or not<br>has arisen for consideration in<br>the said suit and hence the<br>Tribunal had jurisdiction.<br>* However, this Court dismissed<br>the 2nd civil appeal on the ground<br>that it was a suit for possession<br>and permanent injunction where<br>the property was admitted to be a<br>waqf property and that therefore<br>the issue arising therein was fully<br>covered by the decision in<br>Ramesh Gobindram.
13Kiran Devi<br>v.<br>Bihar State<br>Sunni Waqf<br>Board<br>2021 SCC<br>Online SC 280Instituted beforeThe suit was for<br>declaration that the<br>plaintiff had<br>succeeded to the<br>tenancy rights, as a<br>member of joint<br>Hindu family and<br>that therefore the<br>plaintiff is entitled to<br>continue as tenant.1.The suit was originally
the civil courtinstituted before the civil court
but it wasbut it was transferred to the waqf
transferred totribunal on an application taken
waqf tribunal onout by the waqf board and
an applicationanother. The transfer of the suit
filed by the waqfto the tribunal was challenged
board and thebut in vain. Therefore, the parties
tenant newlywent to trial before the waqf
inducted intotribunal.
the premises by2.The tribunal dismissed the
the waqf board.suit, but on a writ petition filed
against the said order, the High
Court reversed the same.
Actually, the judgment was on
merits.
3. Before this Court it was
contended that the tribunal had
no jurisdiction in view of the
decision inRamesh Gobindram.
4.Though this Court found that
in terms ofRamesh Gobindram,
the waqf tribunal could not grant
a declaration as claimed by the
plaintiff, this Court held that it
cannot entertain such an
objection especially after the
order of transfer of the suit from
the civil court to the waqf
arose out of a suit for permanent
injunction, earlier filed before the
civil court and later transferred to
the waqf tribunal. The reason
given by this court was that the
question whether the subject
property is a waqf property or not
has arisen for consideration in
the said suit and hence the
Tribunal had jurisdiction.
*However, this Court dismissed
the 2ndcivil appeal on the ground
that it was a suit for possession
and permanent injunction where
the property was admitted to be a
waqf property and that therefore
the issue arising therein was fully
covered by the decision in
Ramesh Gobindram.
30
tribunal had attained finality. It
was argued that the parties
cannot confer jurisdiction upon a
tribunal by consent. But that
argument was repelled on the
ground that it was not a case
where jurisdiction was conferred
by consent of parties, but a case
where proceedings were
transferred by a judicial order to
a tribunal.
14Telangana<br>State Waqf<br>Board<br>vs.<br>Mohamed<br>Muzafar<br>2021 SCC<br>Online SC 537Waqf TribunalFor the eviction of<br>the tenant, both<br>from the tenanted<br>portion as well as the<br>encroached portion.1. The waqf tribunal decreed the
suit and directed the defendants
to vacate the suit property.
2.But on a revision, the High
Court set aside the judgment of
the tribunal on the ground that in
view of the decision inRamesh
Gobindramthe suit was not
maintainable before the Waqf
Tribunal.
3.However, this Court
distinguishedRamesh Gobindram
on the ground that a suit for
ejectment of a person from what
is admittedly a waqf property
would stand on a different footing
from a suit for ejectment of a
person from a property which is
disputed to be a waqf property.
4.This Court noted the decision
inFaseela, Anis Fatma Begum,
Mahesh Kumar and Sham Singh
Harike, and eventually came to
the conclusion that the facts and
circumstances of each case will
have to be taken note of in the
background of the legal
framework contained in the Waqf
Act, to determine jurisdiction.
This Court reiterated that
wherever the subject property is
disputed to be a waqf property,
the issue would fall squarely
within the jurisdiction of the waqf
tribunal.
30. It   can   be   seen   from   the   table   given   above   that   the   original 31 proceedings from out of which the decisions at Sl.No.1 and 2 ( Syed Muhammed Mashur Kunhi Koyal Thangal & Sardar Khan ) arose, were instituted long before the advent of the Waqf Act, 1995 and hence the ratio laid therein on the basis of Section 7(5) of the Act does not throw any light upon the actual controversy on hand. The decision of this Court in  Ramesh Gobindram  included at Sl.No.3 in the table above, is the one, which, ironically, attempted to settle the controversy on hand, but has produced conflicting results in the subsequent decisions. The only   question   that   arose   in Ramesh   Gobindram ,   as   seen   from   paragraph 2 (of the SCC report), is as to whether or not, the Waqf Tribunal   is   competent   to   entertain   and   adjudicate   upon   disputes regarding   eviction   of   persons   occupying   what   are   admittedly   waqf properties. For finding an answer to this question, this Court started its   discussion   with   the   well   established   rule   that   the   ouster   of jurisdiction of the civil court is not to be readily inferred and that the bar of jurisdiction should be express or implied. After laying such a foundation, this Court started building mainly upon Sections 6 and 7. This was perhaps due to the caption given to Sections 6 and 7. While Section 6 is given the caption, “D isputes regarding waqfs ”, Section 7 is given the caption “P ower of Tribunal to determine disputes regarding 32 waqfs ”. Sections 6 and 7 as they stood when  Ramesh Gobindram  was decided, read as follows:­ 6. Disputes regarding   waqfs .—(1) If any question arises whether a particular property specified as waqf property in the list of   waqfs is waqf property or not or whether a waqf specified in such list is a Shia waqf or Sunni waqf, the Board or the mutawalli of the waqf or any person interested therein may institute a suit in a Tribunal for the decision of the question and the decision of the Tribunal in respect of such matter shall be final:  Provided   that   no   such   suit   shall   be   entertained   by   the Tribunal   after   the   expiry   of   one   year   from   the   date   of   the publication of the list of waqfs: 
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section and section
7, the expression “any person interested therein”, shall, in relation
to any property specified as waqf property in the list of waqfs
published after the commencement of this Act, shall include also
every person who, though not interested in the waqf concerned, is
interested in such property and to whom a reasonable opportunity
had been afforded to represent his case by notice served on him in
that behalf during the course of the relevant inquiry under section
4.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub­section (1), no  proceeding  under   this   Act   in   respect   of   any  waqf   shall   be stayed by reason only of the pendency of any such suit or of any appeal or other proceeding arising out of such suit.  (3) The Survey Commissioner shall not be made a party to any suit under sub­section (1) and no suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against him in respect of anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or any rules made thereunder.  (4) The list of waqfs shall, unless it is modified in pursuance of a decision of the Tribunal under sub­section (1), be final and conclusive.  (5) On and from the commencement of this Act in a State, no suit or other legal proceeding shall be instituted or commenced in a court in that State in relation to any question referred to in sub­section (1).  7. Power of Tribunal to determine disputes regarding waqfs .—(1) If, after the commencement of this Act, any question arises, whether a particular property specified as waqf property in a list of waqfs is waqf property or not, or whether a waqf specified 33 in such list is a Shia waqf or a Sunni waqf, the Board or the mutawalli of the waqf, or any person interested therein, may apply to the Tribunal having jurisdiction in relation to such property, for the   decision   of   the   question   and   the   decision   of   the   Tribunal thereon shall be final:  Provided that—  (a) in the case of the list of waqfs relating to any part of the State and published after the commencement of this Act no such application shall be entertained after   the   expiry   of   one   year   from   the   date   of publication of the list of waqfs; and  (b) in the case of the list of waqfs relating to any part of   the   State   and   published   at   any   time   within   a period   of   one   year   immediately   preceding   the commencement of this Act, such an application may be entertained by Tribunal within the period of one year from such commencement:  Provided further that where any such question has been heard and finally decided by a civil court in a suit instituted before such   commencement,   the   Tribunal   shall   not   re­open   such question.  (2) Except where the Tribunal has no jurisdiction by reason of   the   provisions   of   sub­section   (5),   no   proceeding   under   this section   in   respect   of   any   waqf   shall   be   stayed   by   any   court, tribunal or other authority by reason only of the pendency of any suit, application or appeal or other proceeding arising out of any such suit, application, appeal or other proceeding.  (3) The Chief Executive Officer shall not be made a party to any application under sub­section (1).  (4) The list of waqfs and where any such list is modified in pursuance of a decision of the Tribunal under sub­section (1), the list as so modified, shall be final.  (5) The Tribunal shall not have jurisdiction to determine any matter which is the subject­matter of any suit or proceeding instituted or commenced in a civil court under sub­section (1) of section 6, before the commencement of the Act or which is the subject­matter of any appeal from the decree passed before such commencement   in   any   such   suit   or   proceeding   or   of   any application   for   revision   or   review   arising   out   of   such   suit, proceeding or appeal, as the case may be.  31. A bare reading of Sections 6 and 7 extracted above, shows that the language employed therein appears to have deflected the attention 34 of many a court without exception. The reason why we say so, is this. A careful look at the scheme of the Act would show that the Act is divided into 9 chapters. Chapter­II which contains Sections 4 to 8, is 4 primarily concerned with the survey of waqfs . Sections 6 and 7 are incidental to the scheme of Chapter­II alone, which is why they speak only about two questions namely,     whether a particular property (i) specified as a waqf property in the list of waqfs is actually a waqf property or not; and  (ii)  whether a waqf specified in such list is a Shia waqf   or   Sunni   waqf.   While   Section   4   contemplates   a   preliminary survey of all waqfs in the State, Section 5(2) speaks about publication of  the  list  of   waqfs   (separately  for   Shia  and   Sunni)  in   the   official gazette. Since Sections 6 and 7 follow Sections 4 and 5, they refer only to the aforesaid two questions. In other words, the questions relevant for the purposes of Sections 4 and 5 alone, are dealt with in Sections 6 and 7 and hence the discussion regarding the jurisdiction of the Waqf Tribunal should not start and end with Sections 6 and 7. 32. Sections 83 and 85, as well as Sections 86, 90 and 93, which use the word “court”, are to be found in Chapter VIII of the Act. The heading given to Chapter VIII is “Judicial Proceedings”. Therefore, for 4  The words “waqfs”, has been substituted with the word “auqaf”, by the Amendment Act 27 of 2013. 35 finding an answer to the question relating to the bar of jurisdiction under Section 85, it is not enough merely to refer to Section 6(5) or Section 7(2). The language of Section 85 is clearly in contrast to the language employed in Section 6(5) and Section 7(2). 33. A conjoint reading of Sections 6, 7 and 85 would show that the bar of jurisdiction of civil court contained in Section 6(5) and Section 7(2) is confined to Chapter­II, but the bar of jurisdiction under Section 85 is all pervasive. This can be seen from the following distinguishing features:­ (i) Section 6(5) bars the institution or commencement of a suit or other legal proceeding in a court “ in relation to any question referred to in sub­section (1) ”. Sub­section (1) of Section 6 speaks only   about   two   questions   namely,   whether   a   particular   property specified as a waqf property in the list of waqfs is a waqf property or not and whether a waqf is Shia waqf or Sunni waqf; Section 7(2) bars any court, tribunal or other authority from (ii) staying any proceeding before the Waqf Tribunal, in respect of a waqf, on the only ground of pendency of any suit, application or appeal or other proceeding. Section 7(2) specifically relates to the proceedings 36 under Section 7 and not to any other proceeding. This is clear by the use of the words, “ no proceeding under this Section ”. Section 7(1) again  deals   only   with   two   questions   namely,   whether   a  particular property   specified   as   waqf   property   in   the   list  of   waqfs   is   a  waqf property or not and whether a waqf specified in the list is a Shia waqf or Sunni waqf. Therefore, the bar under Section 7(2) is also confined only to these two questions, on account of the use of the words, “ no proceeding under this Section ”. (iii) While Sections 6(1) and 7(1) speak only about two questions which are germane to the matters covered by Chapter­II of the Act alone, Section 85 speaks (i)   about any dispute, question or other matter relating to any waqf or waqf property  and (ii) about “ other matter which is required by or under this Act to be determined by a Tribunal ”.  (iv)   A major distinguishing feature between Sections 6(1) and 7 (1) on the one hand and Section 83 on the other hand is that the dispute, question or other matter referred to in Sections 6 and 7 are confined only to what is included in the list of waqfs prepared under Section 4 and published under Section 5. The words  “specified … in 37  found in sections 6 (1) and 7(1), are conspicuous the list of waqfs” by their absence in section 83 (1). Therefore, it is clear that  Sections 6 and 7 speak only about two categories of cases, but Section 83 covers the entire gamut of possible disputes in relation to any .    waqf or waqf property 34. It is seen that there are 2 limbs to Section 85. The words,  “any dispute, question or other matter relating to any waqf or waqf property”   used   in   the   first   limb   of   Section   85,   provide   a   clear indication   that   the   Tribunal   would   have   jurisdiction   to   adjudicate upon any dispute and answer any question relating to a waqf or waqf property, including the two questions mentioned in Sections 6(1) and 7(1). The words in the second limb of Section 85 namely, “ other matter which is required by or under this Act to be determined by a Tribunal ”, seek to cover matters which have no relevance to the two questions covered by Section 6(1) and 7(1). 35. Unfortunately, many courts were misled by the reference to two specific questions in Sections 6(1) and 7(1), to come to the conclusion that the bar of jurisdiction was confined only to disputes revolving around those two questions. 38 36. Interestingly, the basis of the decision in  Ramesh Gobindram   was removed through an amendment under Act 27 of 2013. As we have stated elsewhere,  Ramesh Gobindram sought to address the question   whether a Waqf Tribunal was competent to entertain and adjudicate upon disputes regarding eviction of persons in occupation of what are admittedly waqf properties. Since this Court answered the question in the negative, Section 83(1) was amended by Act 27 of 2013 to include the words, “ eviction of tenant or determination of rights and obligations of the lessor and lessee of such property” . 37. Simultaneously, sub­section (6) was inserted in Section 7 by Act 27 of 2013. This sub­section (6) of Section 7 states that the Tribunal shall   have   the   power   of   assessment   of   damages   by   unauthorized occupation   of   waqf   property   and   to   penalize   such   unauthorized occupants   for  their   illegal  occupation   of   the   waqf   property   and to recover the damages as arrears of land revenue through the Collector. It reads as follows: (6) The Tribunal shall have the powers of assessment of damages by unauthorised occupation of waqf property and to penalise such unauthorised   occupants   for   their   illegal   occupation   of   the   waqf property and to recover the damages as arrears of land revenue through the Collector:  Provided that whosoever, being a public servant, fails in his lawful duty to prevent or remove an encroachment, shall on conviction be punishable with fine which may extend to fifteen thousand rupees 39 for each such offence.    Ideally, the provisions of sub­section (6) should have found a place somewhere in Section 83, since what is sought to be covered by sub­ section (6) of Section 7 has no correlation to the two questions about which Section 7(1) speaks. But the reason why the Parliament thought fit to include something in Section 7, which has no correlation to sub­ section (1) of Section 7, is perhaps the fact that   Ramesh Gobindram turned primarily on the language of Sections 6 and 7. 38. The upshot of the above discussion is that the basis of  Ramesh Gobindram now stands removed through amendment Act 27 of 2013.   In fact, when   Ramesh Gobindram  was decided, Sections 6(1) and 7(1) enabled   only   three   categories   of   persons   to   approach   the   Waqf Tribunal for relief. They are,   (i)   the Board;   (ii)   the mutawalli of the waqf; or   any person interested therein. However, the explanation (iii) under Section 6(1) clarified that the expression “ any person interested ” shall include every person, who, though not interested in the therein waqf, is interested in the property. But by Act 27 of 2013 the words, “ any person interested ” were substituted by the words, “ any person aggrieved ”, meaning thereby that even a non Muslim is entitled to 40 invoke the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. Due to the substitution of the words   “ any   person   aggrieved ”,   Act   27   of   2013   has   deleted   the Explanation   under   6(1).   This   amendment   has   also   addressed   the concern   expressed   in   Ramesh   Gobindram (in   para 21   of   the   SCC     report) whether a non Muslim could be put to jeopardy by the bar of   jurisdiction, merely because the property is included in the list of waqfs. We must point out at this stage that the Explanation under sub­section (1) of Section 6, as it stood at the time when   Ramesh Gobindram  was decided, already took care of this contingency, but was omitted to be brought to the notice of this court. 39. Since   Ramesh   Gobindram ,   focused   mainly   upon   the   two questions indicated in Sections 6(1) and 7(1) and reached a conclusion that   the   Tribunal   would   have   no   jurisdiction   to   adjudicate   upon disputes concerning properties which are admittedly waqf properties, some of the decisions which followed  Ramesh Gobindram  took to the extreme view that if a property is admitted to be a waqf property, by both   parties,   the   Waqf   Tribunal   would   not   have   jurisdiction   to adjudicate   upon   a   dispute   concerning   the   said   property.   Such   a conclusion led to an incongruity namely that the Tribunal would have jurisdiction to determine the larger question whether a property is a 41 waqf property or not, but not smaller questions relating to what are admittedly   waqf   properties.   Normally   while   interpreting   a   clause relating to bar of jurisdiction of civil courts in statutory enactments, this   court   would   tend   to   think,   depending   upon   the   language employed, that larger questions could still be decided by civil courts, while   smaller   questions   are   to   be   decided   by   the   special   Fora constituted under the Act. But in the case of Waqfs Act, 1995, the reverse has happened, with the courts ruling that if a property is admittedly a waqf property, the Tribunal would have no jurisdiction, though it would have jurisdiction to decide whether or not a property is a waqf property at all.  40. The distinction sought to be drawn on the basis of admission or denial about a property being a waqf property, was also capable of another mischievous result. Take for instance a case where a property is disputed to be a waqf property. Then as per the decision in  Ramesh the Waqf Tribunal would have jurisdiction to decide the Gobindram,   question whether it is a waqf property or not. Suppose the Tribunal reaches the conclusion that the disputed property is a waqf property, would the Tribunal then continue to have jurisdiction to grant relief or would it be denuded of the jurisdiction, merely because the property 42 was found to be a waqf property ? This is a question for which no answer could be found if we adopt the restrictive interpretation. This is why the subsequent decisions of this Court found an easy way out by distinguishing   Ramesh Gobindram.   For instance, the decision in Anis Fatma Begum   distinguished   Ramesh Gobindram on the ground   that  Ramesh Gobindram  was confined to an eviction dispute and that the words “ any dispute, question or other matters ” appearing in Section 83(1) are words of wide connotation. Similarly,  Akkode Jumayath Palli Paripalana   Committee ,   held   a   suit   for   permanent   injunction   to   be maintainable before a  Waqf Tribunal,  on  the  ground  that   Ramesh Gobindram , was distinguished in   Anis Fatma Begum . Likewise, the ratio in  Ramesh Gobindram  was held in  Kiran Devi  to be incapable of being   invoked   in   a   case   where   the   original   proceeding   was   first instituted before the Civil Court and it was later transferred to the Waqf Tribunal, which order of transfer had attained finality. 41. Having   seen   the   extent   to   which   this   Court   followed   or distinguished  Ramesh Gobindram  in subsequent decisions and having seen that the basis of  Ramesh Gobindram  now stands removed by Act 27 of 2013, let us now turn our attention to the “ other matters” , which 43 are required by or under the Act to be determined by the Tribunal. This is for reason that the second limb of Section 85, as we have seen earlier, bars the jurisdiction of any Civil Court, Revenue Court and any   other   authority,   in   respect   of   any   dispute,   question   or   other matter which is required by or under this Act to be determined by the Tribunal. 42. The various provisions of the Act which make a reference to the Tribunal and the subject matter in relation to which such a reference is made are presented in a tabular column as follows:­
Sl.N<br>o.Provision of the ActSubject Matter
1.Section 32(3)Wherever the Waqf Board has settled any<br>scheme of management or issued a direction,<br>any person interested in the waqf or affected by<br>the settlement of a scheme or directions may<br>institute a suit before the Tribunal.
2.Section 33(4)A mutawalli or other person aggrieved by an<br>order passed by the Chief Executive Officer<br>under Section 33(3) directing such person to<br>make payment of any amount misappropriated,<br>misapplied or fraudulently retained and to<br>restore the property of the waqf, may appeal to<br>the Tribunal.
3.Section 35(1)The Tribunal is conferred with the power to<br>order conditional attachment of any property,<br>which, a mutawalli or any other person is likely<br>to dispose of with intent to delay or defeat the<br>execution of any order passed under Section 33.
4.Section 38(7)Any Executive Officer or a member of the staff<br>who is aggrieved by an order of removal or<br>dismissal passed by the Waqf Board under<br>Section 38(6) has a right of appeal to the<br>Tribunal.
5.Section 39(3)Whenever a building or other place which was
44
earlier used for religious purpose or instruction<br>or for charity, has ceased to be used for that<br>purpose, the Board may make an application to<br>the Tribunal for an order for recovery of<br>possession.
6.Sections 40(2) and (4)The decision of the Board on the question<br>whether a particular property is a waqf property<br>or not or whether a waqf is a Sunni Waqf or<br>Shia Waqf, is made subject to the decision of<br>the Tribunal under sub­section (2). Similarly, a<br>direction issued by the Board to any Trust or<br>Society under Section 40(3) to get registered, is<br>made subject to the decision of the Tribunal<br>under sub­section (4)
7.Section 48(2)Whenever a Board examines the Auditor’s<br>report and passes orders on the basis of the<br>report, directing the recovery of any amount<br>certified by the Auditor, the mutawalli or any<br>other person aggrieved by such order may apply<br>to the Tribunal.
8.Section 52(4)Wherever an order is passed by the Collector<br>under Section 52(2) directing the person in<br>possession of a property to deliver the property<br>to the Waqf Board, on the basis of a requisition<br>made by the Board, the person aggrieved by<br>such order may file an appeal to the Tribunal.
9.Section 54(3)Whenever the Chief Executive Officer is satisfied<br>that there is an encroachment on a waqf<br>property, he may make an application to the<br>Tribunal for the removal of such encroachment.
10.Section 64(4)A mutawalli removed from office for the reasons<br>contained in clauses (c) to (i) of sub­section (1)<br>is entitled to file an appeal to the Tribunal.
11.Section 67(4)Any person aggrieved by an order passed by the<br>Board superseding the Committee of<br>Management may file an appeal to the Tribunal<br>under the 1st proviso to sub­section (4) of<br>Section 67.
12.Section 67(6)Whenever a member of a Committee of<br>Management is removed by the Board, instead<br>of exercising the option of superseding the<br>Committee of Management, such removed<br>member may file an appeal to the Tribunal<br>under the 2nd proviso to sub­section (6) of<br>Section 67.
13.Section 69(3)Whenever a scheme is framed by the Board for<br>the administration of a waqf, which include a<br>provision for the removal of the mutawalli and<br>the appointment of his successor, a person
45
aggrieved by the same may file an appeal to the<br>Tribunal.
14.Section 73(3)Whenever a direction is issued by the Chief<br>Executive Officer to any bank to pay out of the<br>money belonging to the waqf, the contribution<br>leviable under Section 72, the bank may file an<br>appeal to the Tribunal.
15.Sections 94(1) & (2)Whenever a mutawalli who is under an<br>obligation to perform a pious, religious or<br>charitable act fails to perform such act or<br>whenever a mutawalli willfully fails to discharge<br>any other duties imposed on him under the<br>waqf, an application could be made to the<br>Tribunal for appropriate directions to the<br>mutawalli. If it is a case covered by sub­<br>section(1), the Tribunal may be moved by the<br>Board. If it is a case covered by sub­section(2)<br>the Tribunal may be moved by the Board or any<br>person interested in the waqf.
43. In sum and substance, the Act makes a reference, to 3 types of remedies,   namely   that   of   a   suit,   application   or   appeal   before   the Tribunal, in respect of the following matters:­ (i) Any question or dispute  whether a property specified as waqf property in the list of waqfs is a waqf property or not [ Sections 6(1) & 7(1) ]; (ii) A question or dispute whether a waqf specified in the list of waqfs is a Shia Waqf or Sunni Waqf [ Sections 6(1) & 7(1) ]; Challenge to the settlement of a scheme for management of (iii) the   waqf   or   any   direction   issued   in   relation   to   such   management 46 [ Section 32(3) ]; Challenge   to   an   order   for   restitution/restoration   of   the (iv) property   of   the   waqf  or   an   order   for  payment  to  the   waqf   of any amount  misappropriated  or fraudulently retained by the  mutawalli [ Section 33(4) ]; (v) Conditional attachment of the property of a mutawalli or any other person [ Section 35(1) ]; (vi) Challenge   to   the   removal   or   dismissal   of   an   Executive Officer or member of the staff [ Section 38(7) ]; Application by the Board, seeking an order for recovery of (vii) possession of a property earlier used for religious purpose but later ceased to be used as such [ Section 39(3) ]; (viii)  Challenge to a direction issued by the Board to any Trust or Society to get it registered [ Section 40(4) ]; (ix) Challenge   to   an   order   for   recovery   of   money   from   the mutawalli, as certified by the Auditor [ Section 48(2) ]; Challenge   to   an   order   for   delivery   of   possession   of   a (x) 47 property issued by the Collector [ Section 52(4) ]; Application by the Chief Executive Officer for the removal of (xi) encroachment   and   for   delivery   of   possession   of   a   waqf   property ( Section 54(3) ]; (xii) Challenge to the removal of mutawalli from office [ Section ]; 64(4)   Challenge   to   an   order   superseding   the   Committee   of (xiii) Management [ Section67(4) ]; Challenge to the removal of a member of the Committee of (xiv) Management [ Section 67(6) ]; (xv) Challenge   to   any   scheme   framed   by   the   Board   for   the administration of waqf, containing a provision for the removal of the mutawalli   and   the   appointment   of   the   person   next   in   hereditary succession [ Section 69(3) ]; (xvi)   Challenge to an order for recovery of contribution payable by the waqf to the Board, from out of the monies lying in a bank [ Section 73(3) ];   any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf (xvii) {section 83(1)} 48   any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf (xviii) property {section 83(1)} (xix)   eviction   of   a   tenant   or   determination   of   the   rights   and obligations of lessor and lessee of waqf property {section 83(1) after its amendment under Act 27 of 2013 }  (xx)  Whenever a mutawalli fails to perform an act or duty which he is liable to perform [ Section 94 ]. 44. If the Waqf Act, 1995 had merely stopped with a reference to the matters listed above as capable of being adjudicated by the Tribunal, there would have been no scope for any confusion. But unfortunately, the Act makes a specific reference to court/civil Court also in certain places. We have already seen Sections 86, 90 and 93 making specific reference to “Court”. Section 68(6) goes a step further by making a reference to ‘civil court’ and it reads as follows:­ “ 68. Duty of mutawalli or committee to deliver possession of records, etc.­ (1)          …                          …                           … (2)          …                          …                           … (3)          …                          …                           … (4)          …                          …                           … (5)          …                          …                           … (6)      Nothing contained in this section shall bar the institution of any suit in a competent civil court by any person aggrieved by any order made under this section, to establish   that   he   has   right,   title   and   interest   in   the properties specified in the order made by any Magistrate under sub­section (2)” 49 45. A combined reading of Sections 68(6), 86, 90 and 93 goes to show that the bar of jurisdiction under Section 85 does not apply at least to the following matters, covered by Sections 68(6), 86 and 90 : (i) Whenever a District Magistrate passes an order directing the   removed   mutawalli   or   removed   members   of   a   Committee   of Management   to   deliver   possession   of   the   records,   accounts   and properties of the waqf, to the successor or successor Committee of Management, any person claiming that he has right, title and interest in the properties specified in the order so passed by the Magistrate can approach a civil court; (ii) The Board itself may approach a civil court either to set aside the sale in execution of a decree of civil court, of an immovable property which is a waqf property, or to set aside the transfer of any immovable property made by the mutawalli without the sanction of the   Board   or   to   recover   possession   of   the   property   so   sold   or transferred, as the case may be; (iii) The mutawalli is also empowered to approach the civil court to   recover   possession   of   any   immovable   property   which   is   a   waqf property, but which had been transferred by the previous mutawalli 50 without the sanction of the Board  (this is implicit in Section 86); A waqf property can be brought to sale in execution of a (iv) decree of a civil court or for the recovery of any revenue, cess, rates or taxes   due   to   the   Government   or   any   local   authority,   but   such   a proceeding will be void if no notice thereof is given to the Board [ this is implicit in Sections 90(2) & (3) ]. 46. Thus the Act itself has created some confusion, leaving the rest to the courts to compound the conundrum. Sadly, the Amendment Act 27 of 2013 also did not address the problem fully. The case on hand 47. Having thus seen the statutory scheme, including the confusion created seemingly or schemingly, let us now come back to the facts of st the case on hand. As we have seen in paragraph 3 above, the 1 respondent herein filed a suit on the file of a civil court praying for the  following reliefs:­ A mandatory injunction directing the defendants to remove (i) the door and encroachment made by them behind the shops of the plaintiff and to repair the broken back wall of the plaintiff’s shop; and  51 A   perpetual   injunction   restraining   the   defendants   from (ii) interfering with the  plaintiff’s possession  of the  property described therein. 48. Defendant   No.1   who   is   the   appellant   herein   filed   a   written statement, admitting that Khasra Plot No.135/3 in respect of which perpetual injunction was sought, was the property of Mirza Abid Ali Beg and that it is a waqf property, of which Riyaz Ahmad was the mutawalli. 49. After admitting the property to be a waqf property, the appellant herein (defendant no.1) filed an application under Order VII, Rule 11 on the sole ground that a suit for injunction could be filed only before the Waqf Tribunal. This application for rejection of plaint was allowed by the Trial Court and the suit was dismissed. The first appellate court confirmed the same but on a second appeal, the High Court set aside the judgments of the Trial Court and the first appellate court with a direction to the Civil Court to proceed in accordance with law. The reasoning of the High Court was that there was no dispute with regard to the property being a waqf property or the nature of the property   and   that   therefore   Civil   Court   will   have   jurisdiction. 52 Curiously   the   High   Court   referred   to   the   decisions   in   Ramesh Gobindram and Anis Fatma Begum, but held that all those decisions       relied upon by the learned counsel for the Respondents were not fully applicable to the facts of the present case. 50. The approach of the High Court, in our considered view, is not in tune with the law. The question as to whether the suit for perpetual injunction is maintainable before the Waqf Tribunal or not, is already answered in  Akkode Jumayath Palli Paripalana Committee This Court, pointed   out   in   the   said   decision   that   Ramesh   Gobindram   was distinguished in   and that therefore the Tribunal Anis Fatma Begum ,   had   jurisdiction   to   entertain   a   suit   for   perpetual   injunction.   But unfortunately, this decision rendered by this Court on 23.07.2013 does not appear to have been brought to the notice of the High Court. 51. It is true that in   vs.  , a two Punjab Waqf Board Sham Singh Harike member   bench   of   this   Court   considered   Ramesh   Gobindram,   Anis Fatma Begum  as well as  Akkode Jumayath Palli Paripalana Committee   and doubted in paragraph 43 (of the SCC report) the correctness of the decision   in   Akkode   Jumayath   Palli   Paripalana   Committee   on   the ground that it was not in accord with the ratio of  Ramesh Gobindram . 53 But   the   said   conclusion   was   on   the   basis   of   the   observations   in Ramesh Gobindram  to the effect that unless there is any provision in the   Waqf   Act   to   entertain   the   dispute,   the   Tribunal   cannot   have jurisdiction.   The   relevant   portion   of   Paragraph   43   of   Sham   Singh Harike  reads as follows:­ .  The two­Judge Bench of this Court in the above case held the “43 suit to be maintainable in the Waqf Tribunal and noted that the ratio   of  Ramesh   Gobindram  [ Ramesh   Gobindram  v.  Sugra Humayun Mirza Waqf , (2010) 8 SCC 726 : (2010) 3 SCC (Civ) 553] has   been   distinguished   in  Anis   Fatma   case  [ W.B.   Waqf Board  v.  Anis Fatma Begum , (2010) 14 SCC 588 : (2012) 1 SCC (Civ)   773].   But   as   per   ratio   of  Ramesh   Gobindram  [ Ramesh Gobindram  v.  Sugra Humayun Mirza Waqf , (2010) 8 SCC 726  : (2010) 3 SCC (Civ) 553] unless there is any provision in the Waqf Act,   1995   to   entertain   the   said   dispute   only   then   the   Waqf Tribunal  has  jurisdiction,  the  suit  filed  for  injunction was  not maintainable in the above case. Thus, what is held in the above judgment by the two­Judge Bench is not in accord with the ratio of  Ramesh   Gobindram  [ Ramesh   Gobindram  v.  Sugra   Humayun Mirza Waqf , (2010) 8 SCC 726 : (2010) 3 SCC (Civ) 553] .” 52. We  have  already seen that it is not as though there was no provision in the Waqf Act conferring jurisdiction upon the Tribunal in respect of the waqf property. We can break the first part of Section 83 into two limbs, the first concerning the determination of any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf and the second, concerning the determination of any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf property. After Amendment Act 27 of 2013, even the eviction of a tenant or determination of the rights and obligation of the lessor and 54 lessee of such property, come within the purview of  the Tribunal. Though the proceedings out of which the present appeal arises, were instituted before the Amendment Act, the words “ any dispute, question or other matter relating to a waqf or waqf property ” are sufficient to cover   any   dispute,   question   or   other   matter   relating   to   a   waqf property.   This   is   why   Ramesh   Gobindram   was   sought   to   be distinguished both in  Anis Fatma Begum  and Pritpal Singh and such distinction was taken note of in   Akkode Jumayath Palli Paripalana Additionally, this Court in   refused to apply the Committee   Kiran Devi, ratio of  Ramesh Gobindram,  on the ground that the suit was originally instituted before the Civil Court, but was later transferred to the Waqf Tribunal and that after allowing the order of transfer to attain finality, it   was   not   open   to   them   to   resurrect   the   issue   through   Ramesh Gobindram . 53. It is well settled that the court cannot do violence to the express language   of   the   statute.   Section   83(1)  even   as   it   stood   before  the amendment, provided for the determination by the Tribunal, of any dispute, question or other matter  (i)  relating to a waqf; and  (ii)  relating to   a   waqf   property.   Therefore   to   say   that   the   Tribunal   will   have 55 jurisdiction   only   if   the   subject   property   is   disputed   to   be   a   waqf property and not if it is admitted to be a waqf property, is indigestible in the teeth of Section 83(1). 54. In fact, Section 83(5) of the Act makes it clear that the Tribunal shall be deemed to be a Civil Court and shall have the same powers as may be exercised by a Civil Court under the CPC, while trying a suit or executing a decree or order. This is why this Court held in   Syed Mohideen   and   Another   vs.   Ramanathapura   Peria   Mogallam 5 that the Waqf Tribunal will have power to issue Jamath and Others   temporary injunctions under Order XXXIX, Rule 1 CPC. 55. We must also point out at this stage that all the 14 decisions which we have tabulated in paragraph 13 above, except the one at 6 Sl.No.13, namely     vs.   Kiran Devi Bihar State Sunni Waqf Board , are decisions of two member benches.  Kiran Devi  was a decision of a three member bench of this Court. In  Kiran Devi,  an objection to the maintainability of the proceeding before the Waqf Tribunal was raised on the basis of the decision in   Ramesh Gobindram.   But this court refused to accept it on the ground that once the order of transfer of 5 (2010) 13 SCC 62 6 2021 SCC Online SC 280 56 the   suit   from   the   Civil   Court   to   the   Waqf   Tribunal   had   attained finality, the question of jurisdiction cannot be raised. If Waqf tribunal had no jurisdiction at all, this court could not have held in  Kiran Devi that   the   order   of   transfer   already   passed   cannot   be   undone   by accepting this plea. The decision of the three member bench in  Kiran Devi  is significant in the sense that it recognized the fact that  Ramesh Gobindram  cannot be used as a magic wand to toss the proceedings relating to a waqf property from one forum to another. The dichotomy created in some decisions of this court, between the properties which are admitted to be waqf properties and properties which are disputed to   be   so,   is   on   account   of   the   misapplication   of   the   two   limited questions in Sections 6(1) and 7(1) to the whole of the Act including section 83. At the cost of repetition we should point out that Section 83(1) provides for the determination of any dispute, question or any other matter,  (i)  relating to a waqf and  (ii)  relating to a waqf property. This   prescription   cannot   be   taken   to   have   been   curtailed   or circumscribed by Sections 6(1) and 7(1), to come to the conclusion that the Tribunal will assume jurisdiction only when a property is disputed to be a waqf property. 56. In   the   case   on   hand,   the   property   is   admitted   to   be   a   waqf 57 property. Therefore, to allow the plaintiff to ignore the Waqf Tribunal and   to   seek   a   decree   of   permanent   injunction   and   mandatory injunction from a civil court, would be ignore the mandate of section 83  and   85   which   speak   of   any   dispute,   question   or   other   matter relating to a waqf or a waqf property. There is also one more issue. In the written statement, the Defendant No.1 has admitted the existence of the waqf and also admitted that the father of the plaintiff by name Riyaz Ahmad is the mutawalli. But the claim of the plaintiff that he is the beneficiary of the waqf has been denied. Therefore, a question as to the nature of the waqf and whether the plaintiff is a beneficiary of the waqf, has also arisen in this case. This question has necessarily to be decided by the Tribunal and not the civil court. 57. In view of the above, the appeal is allowed and the judgment and decree of the High Court are set aside. The trial court shall return the plaint   to   the   plaintiff,   for   presentation   to   the   jurisdictional   Waqf Tribunal.   Since   pleadings   are   complete,   the   Waqf   Tribunal   shall proceed from the stage of framing of issues and dispose of the suit within a period of 6 months.  There will no order as to costs. 58 …..…………....................J.       (Hemant Gupta) .…..………...................... J. (V. Ramasubramanian) New Delhi October 28, 2021 59