NESAR AHMAD vs. STATE OF JHARKHAND .

Case Type: Writ Petition Civil

Date of Judgment: 25-02-2014

Preview image for NESAR AHMAD vs. STATE OF JHARKHAND .

Full Judgment Text

W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 59 OF 2010 Nesar Ahmed & Anr. …........ Petitioner(s) Versus State of Jharkhand & Ors. ….........Respondent(s) With W.P. (Civil) No. 173 of 2010; W.P. (Civil) No. 39 of 2011 J U D G M E N T A.K. SIKRI, J. 1.All the petitioners, in these three Writ Petitions filed under Article 32 of JUDGMENT the Constitution of India, are similarly situated. After getting the requisite training they have acquired the nomenclature of 'trained teachers'. They seek   an   appointments   in   the   schools   run   by   the   Respondent­State   of Jharkhand as assistant teachers. Some IAs filed by several similarly situated teachers for impleadment and seeking the same relief. It is for this reason that these petitions were conjointly heard. 1 Page 1 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 2.The exact prayer, contained in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 173 of 2010, would give a glimpse of the nature of the case set up by these petitioners
under: “It is, therefore, respectfully prayed that Your Lordships may graciously be pleased to: i)Issue   a   writ,   order   or   direction   directing   the respondents more particularly Respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to appoint the petitioners and similarly circumstanced Trained Teachers in order of seniority. ii)Issue   a   writ,   order   or   direction   directing   the respondents   and   more   particularly   the   State   of Jharkhand   (Respondent   Nos.   1   to   3)   to   protect fundamental right of Primary Education to the children of   State   of   Jharkhand   by   appointing   the   Trained Teachers   available   in   the   Jharkhand   State   on   the sanctioned vacant posts of Assistant Teachers. JUDGMENT iii)Pass such other or orders as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case and in the interests of justice.    The background in which these petitions have come to be filed is somewhat   detailed   one   with   chequered   history,   riddled   with   previous litigation benefit whereof the petitioners are seeking. However, we would 2 Page 2 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 endeavour   to   traverse   through   these   events   in   as   simple   a   manner   as possible.
the State<br>a part ofof Jhark<br>the State
belong to undivided Bihar vintage. They claim that they are qualified and trained   teachers   who   acquired   requisite   qualification   and   underwent necessary   training   and   thus   became   eligible   to   be   considered   for appointment as primary teachers in the schools run by the State Government as per the provisions of the Extant Rules   on the subject. However, even when the Government was legally bound to appoint only the trained teachers, on the basis of an advertisement issued on 6.10.1991 by the Government of Bihar for filling up of 25,000 posts of Assistant Teachers, the State recruited JUDGMENT 17,281 untrained teachers out of total appointments of 19,272 Assistant Teachers   made   in   the   said   recruitment   process.   This   selection   was challenged by some persons by filing writ petition in the High Court of Judicature at Patna which was decided on 26.9.1996. The High Court did not quash the appointments already made, though at the same time it held that the State would not force a person to confine his application to a particular district. Against this order, Special Leave Petition No. 23187 of 3 Page 3 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 1996 was preferred before this Court. In those proceedings an affidavit dated 14.8.1997 was filed by the Deputy Superintendent of Education, Bihar
ments made in the s
of vide order dated 5.9.1997. This case is known as  Ram Vinay Kumar & Ors. v.  State of Bihar and Ors.   (1998) 9 SCC 227 . The exact directions regarding appointment to the post of Assistant Teachers which were given by this Court are the following:  “(i) The Commission shall conduct a special selection for the purpose of appointment of these unfilled posts from amongst applicants who had submitted their applications.  (ii) The selection shall be confined to applicants possessing teacher's training/ qualification obtained from government/ private teacher's training institutions.  (iii) The selection shall be made by holding a preliminary test and a written examination of the candidates who qualify in the preliminary test.  JUDGMENT (iv)In   case   the   number   of   persons   found   suitable   for appointment in such special selection exceeds the number of posts for which recruitment was to be made on the basis of advertisement   dated   6.10.1991,   the   surplus   number   of candidates who have been found suitable for the appointment would be justified against posts to be filled on the basis of subsequent selection. 4 Page 4 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 (v)The   special   selection   which   is   to   be   conducted   in pursuance   of   these   directions   shall   be   completed   by   the Commission by 31.1.1997.”
n was to<br>amongst tconduct a<br>he applica
their applications pursuant to the advertisement issued and it was to be confined   to   those   applicants   who   were   possessing   teachers   training/ qualification   obtained   from   Government/   private   teachers'   training institution i.e. from amongst the trained teachers. As per the petitioners as on 30.9.1993 there were about 45,000 vacancies in as much as against total post of 2,09,981, number of teachers working were 1,54,751. Furthermore, in next three years about 18,431 teachers were expected to retire. Therefore, projected vacancies were approximately 63,000. On the creation of the State JUDGMENT of  Jharkhand  in   terms  of  Bihar   Reorganisation   Act,   2000   proportionate vacancies i.e. one­third came to the share of State of Jharkhand which would mean that 21,000 vacancies were available on the date on which this State was created. 5. It is stated by the petitioners that for almost 7 years from the date of directions given in Ram Vinay Kumar's Case, no action was taken. It forced 5 Page 5 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 certain sections of trained teachers to approach the Patna High Court by way of several Writ Petitions. All these Writ Petitions were heard together with
ese Writ Petitions w
Court vide judgment dated 1.7.2004. In the said judgment it was  inter alia noted   that   there   were   number   of   unfilled   vacancies   because   of   which primary schools were lying empty. The High Court deprecated the inaction on the part of the Government of Bihar in not implementing the judgment of this Court in  Ram Vinay Kumar's  Case, on one pretext or the other, thereby creating a human rights problem in denying a young generation its right to basic education. According to the High Court, the solution was simple viz. to follow the judgment of this Court in  Ram Vinay Kumar's  case from where the circumstances has been left out. The High Court also calculated the number JUDGMENT of existing vacancies in the manner already pointed out above.  On this basis direction was given to carry out the selection process as per the mandate of this Court contained in the case of  Ram Vinay Kumar .  6. The State of Bihar challenged the aforesaid judgment of High Court by filing Special Leave Petitions in this Court. However, thereafter affidavit 6 Page 6 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 dated 18.1.2006 was filed by the Commissioner­cum­Secretary, Education Department, Government of Bihar alongwith an application for withdrawal
were appointed as
of Bihar. Further owing to the reason that the number of available teachers in the State of Bihar were less than the available sanctioned post and no test for   selection   was   required.   On   the   basis   of   this   affidavit,   orders   dated 23.1.2006 were passed permitting the Government to withdraw the Special Leave Petitions. 7. When   the   undertaking   given   in   the   said   affidavit   was   not implemented immediately thereafter, some persons filed Contempt Petition No. 207 of 2006 in this Court which was disposed of by orders dated JUDGMENT 19.3.2007   with   a   direction   to   the   State   of   Bihar   to   implement   its undertaking. Operative part of the said order reads as under: “In paragraph 17 of the said affidavit in reply dated 7.2.2007, it is stated that priority has been given to trained teachers in appointment and only if trained teachers are not available in sufficient   numbers,   the   case   of   untrained   teachers   are considered by the concerned by the Panchayati Raj Institute (PRI)   to   achieve   the   constitutional   goal   of   free   and 7 Page 7 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010
2007.<br>e categorical statem
  The Contempt Petition is disposed of accordingly.” 8. Still this undertaking was not complied with which led to filing of another Contempt Petition No. 297 of 2007 titled   Nand Kishore Ojha   v. Anjani Kumar Singh    in which following interim orders dated 9.12.2009 were passed.  JUDGMENT “Accordingly, without issuing a Rule of Contempt, we direct that   the   34,540   vacancies   shown   as   available   in   the advertisement published in December, 2003, be filled up from amongst the trained teachers who are available, in order of seniority. As indicated above, this is to be done on a one­time basis and must not be taken as the regular practice to be followed. Let the Contempt Petition be adjourned for a further period of six weeks to enable the State Government to implement this order and to submit a report on the next date as to the result of   the   discussions   held   between   the   petitioner   and   the 8 Page 8 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 concerned authorities.” 9. Thereafter, the State of Bihar filled up the vacant post of Assistant
undertaking thereb
given in the year 1991. Many had become over aged in the meantime, and age relaxation was given in their cases. 10.  What is narrated above is the history of litigation in the State of Bihar. In so far as State of Jharkhand is concerned (respondent herein), as already pointed out above, approximately 21,000 vacant post were transferred to this State. The respondent advertised these vacancies in the year 2002 by giving relaxation in age by 5 years only. Because of this reason many trained teachers,   in   which   category   of   the   petitioners   include,   could   not   be JUDGMENT appointed   as   Assistant   Teachers,   being  overage.   The   petitioners,   in  this backdrop, contend that they are entitled to the benefit of  Ram Vinay Kumar's judgment of this Court rendered much before the creation of the Jharkhand State   and   applied   to   the   erstwhile   unified   Bihar   and   the   judgment   be implemented  in   their   case   as   well   as  it   has  happened   qua  the   trained teachers in State of Bihar in the manner explained above. We may point out 9 Page 9 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 at   this   stage   that   respondent   State   is   making   appointment   only   from amongst trained teachers. The problem, however, has arisen because fo the
succinctlythey ar
counterparts in the State of Bihar and submitting that when those teachers were appointed by giving age relaxation, there is no reason to deprive the petitioners   from   the   same   treatment   which   would,   otherwise,   be discriminatory and violative of Article 14 of the Constitution.  11. The petitioners have pointed out that the respondent­State had set up a Committee in the year 2001 for implementation of the judgment and even the said Committee in its report dated 31.5.2001 recommended that all vacancies in the State of Jharkhand be filled with trained teachers within JUDGMENT two months. The operative portion of the said recommendation reads as under: “Since the Government at its own level have imparted teacher training to the thousands and the trained teachers were in the hope for the two decades that they will be appointed as a teacher.   It   is   totally   unjustified   and   in­human   that   the Government appoints untrained persons and thereby ruined the future of trained teachers. Therefore, the committee here by   recommends   that   all   the   vacancies   in   the   State   of Jharkhand be fulfill with trained teachers within 2 months. If 10 Page 10 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010
age limit<br>d teacherbe dilut<br>s are wa
12. The aforesaid arguments of the petitioner may appear to be attractive in first blush. After all, judgment in  Ram Vinay Kumar's  case was rendered by JUDGMENT this Court for unified Bihar. This judgment, after the bifurcation of the State into two, has been implemented in the State of Bihar irrespective of the fact that those trained teachers in State of Bihar had become overage, they have been given the appointments. Therefore, the same treatment could have been accorded to the petitioners as well who are similarly situated and by quirk   of   fate   became   the   residents/   domiciles   of   State   of   Jharkhand. 11 Page 11 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 However, these observations would be valid when we see only one side of the coin. It is equally necessary to take notice of the developments which
ld in anyway alter
to be a different case. 13. Mr. Amarendra Sharan, learned Senior Counsel appearing for the State submitted that after the creation of Respondent­State, it framed its own rules known as Jharkhand Primary School Appointment Rules, 2002 (in short 'Rules 2002). These Rules, inter alia, prescribed teachers eligibility test and the passing of this test is a principle condition for appointment. Rule 4 of the said Rules provided a lower and upper age limit for appearing in the examination to be held as part of the selection process of teachers. But a JUDGMENT concession was given by the said Rule to the effect that there will be no such limitation on the upper age for the first examination to be held. This was on the basis that for a number of years, no examination had been held or selection made and all those who had acquired Teachers' Training should have an opportunity to appear in the first examination. It was intended to be a one time concession. It meant that even a person who would attain the age of superannuation within six months of being selected or appointed, could 12 Page 12 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 appear in the examination. Manifest intention of this Rule  was to give benefit to persons like the petitioners herein. Rule 8 thereof provided that
middle level examination. 14. Inspite of this step taken by the State, the legal events were destined to take difficult course altogether. It so happened that the non­fixation of an upper age limit for candidates and fixing the knowledge at middle level academic standard was challenged before the High Court in W.P. (C) No. 5170 of 2002 and W.P. (C) No. 6135 of 2002. These Writ Petitions were allowed and the High Court struck down the unbridled concessions given regarding   the   upper   age   limit   and   the   fixation   of   middle   level   as   the standard for the written test to be conducted. The High Court declared these JUDGMENT provisions void on the ground the non­prescription of an upper age limit and the fixation of middle level examination knowledge for the candidates are arbitrary,   suffer   from   non­application   of   mind   and   not   based   on   any intelligible differentia having nexus with the object sought to be achieved. The High Court thus found both those provisions violative of Article 14 of the   Constitution   of   India,   though   the   said   Article   was   not   specifically referred to. The court also declared that the said two stipulations were 13 Page 13 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 against the public interest. For want of further challenge, this decision of the Division Bench became final. The Legislature, thereupon, amended Rule
aminationprovided
years. By Rule 8(d), it enhanced the standard of examination of Primary Teachers Training Examination. In August 2002, first advertisement was issued   for   making   recruitments   followed   by   supplementary/   second advertisement dated 21.4.2003 on the basis of these amend Rules. Even the amend Rules 4(d) & 8(d) were  challenged in numerous Writ  Petitions, which came to be filed in the Jharkhand High Court with lead matter in W.P. (C) No. 2566 of 2003 titled  Jharkhand Rajye Berojgar Prathmik Prashikshit Sikshak Sangh & Ors.  v.  State of Jharkhand & Ors.  The reliefs sought for in that Writ Petition were the following: JUDGMENT (i) For quashing the Rule 4(d) and 8(d) of the Jharkhand Primary School Appointment Rules 2002 and the amended Rules of 2003 as notified through notification dated 1.7.2002 and   the   notification   through   6.3.2003   (as   contained   in Annexure­1 & 2 of the writ application) (ii) For   directing   the   respondents   to   hold   selection   of primary schools teacher by taking examination/ selection test of matriculation and its equivalent standard. (iii) For accommodation of all the trained teachers by the 14 Page 14 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 respondents   up   to   a   reasonable   age   by   giving   them opportunity of employment and their appointment as Primary School Teachers to be appointed by the State Government by relaxing the age of a reasonable extent.
he one c<br>chers fromhance ba<br>the cate
(v) For   any   other   appropriate   relief   (s)   to   which   the petitioners are found entitled in law and equity.” 15. In essence, the petitioners challenged amended Rule 4(d) and Rule 8(d)   of   the   Rules,   2002   claiming   that   these   provisions   were   not   only unconstitutional   but   in   violation   of   the   directions   given   in   the   earlier judgment. It was specifically pleaded that there could not have been upper age limit for appointment of trained teacher. Though the applications were invited from only trained teachers but age relaxation upto 5 years only was JUDGMENT given. This was challenged as arbitrary, malafide and against public interest. In this Writ Petition interim orders dated 13.5.2003 were passed by the High Court allowing the petitioners to appear on the examination, which was scheduled to be held on 27.5.2003. 16. Interestingly, one PIL was also filed in the form of W.P.   (PIL) No. 2769 of 2003 wherein the petitioner had claimed that no concession was 15 Page 15 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 required to be given to these persons, in terms of age relaxation or otherwise and the recruitment be made strictly in accordance with the extant Rules.
itions we<br>9.2003. Inre heard<br>the said
regarding composition of State Public Service Commission were touched and considered as well. We are eschewing discussion on those aspects as that is not relevant for our purpose. In so far as the Writ Petitions which were filed certain trained teachers and their associations (to which category the present petitioners   fall   and   most   of   these   petitioners   were   party   to   those   Writ Petitions)   they   were   dismissed   by   the   High   Court   with   the   following observations: “In one of the writ petitions, this court issued a direction that the   three   writ   petitioners   in   that   writ   petition,   would   be permitted provisionally to take the examination or to writ the examination even if they did not fulfil the age requirement or age qualification, subject to the result of the writ petition. It appears that some unruly elements on the strength of that order forced some of the officers or the authorities to issue them hall tickets to appear in the examination even though they were over aged and did not qualify as per the amended rule issued pursuant to the earlier decision of the Division Bench. It is made clear that those who did not possess the requisite age qualification as per the amended Rule 4(d) of the Rules, even if they have written the examinations, would not   be   considered   for   recommendation,   selection   or JUDGMENT 16 Page 16 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010
result, the<br>2003 are dwrit pet<br>ismissed.
18. The   High   Court   thus   refused   to   extend   the   benefit   of   total   age relaxation but limited it upto 5 years, as envisaged in the Rule. No further challenge   was   laid   to   that   judgment   allowing   it   to   attain   finality. Appointments were made in accordance with the Rules, 2002. Thereafter JUDGMENT another  advertisement was  issued  in  the  year  2008 further and further appointments were made on the basis thereof. 19. From the above, the position which prevails in the State of Jharkhand, can be summarised as below: (i) After the constitution of the formation of the State of Jharkhand it has framed its own Rules for recruitment to the post of Assistant/ primary teachers. 17 Page 17 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 (ii) As per these Rules the appointment is to be made only from amongst the trained teachers.
appoint<br>followingments stri<br>the due s
(iv) In the Rules which were framed initially, one time age relaxation was provided with the provision that there would not   be   any   upper   age   limit.   However,   that   Rule   was challenged before the High Court and High Court struck down the   said   Rule   as   un­constitutional.   Complying   with   the directions   contained   in   the   said   judgment   Rules   were amended and the amended Rules provide for relaxation upto 5 years. (v) When Selection process commenced in the year 2002 ­2003 by issuing advertisement these very teachers (namely the   petitioners)   through   their   associations   etc.   filed   writ petitions   claiming   complete   age   relaxation   instead   of relaxation   only   upto   5   years   of   age.   However,   these   writ petitions were dismissed by the High Court vide judgment dated 29.9.2003. This judgment has also attained finality. JUDGMENT 20. In   this   scenario   it   would   be   difficult   to   give   any   relief   to   the petitioners herein. In fact, what the petitioners are demanding now was sought to be given by the State in the form of un­amended Rule 4 by providing one time relaxation in upper age limit. However, that Rule has been struck down as un­constitutional. Giving the relief claimed in these writ petitions would amount to negating the judgment of the High Court though 18 Page 18 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 it has become final. Moreover, recruitments were made in the year 2003 wherein many such teachers participated. For last 10 years, the respondent
teachersare appoi
following the Recruitment Rules scrupulously. The Petitioners in these writ petition did not even disclose the facts pertaining to the two rounds of litigation   in   the   High   Court   culminating   into   decision   dated   29.9.2003 (reported as  2003(1) JLJR 322 ). Only after the second recruitment process which was held in year 2008, present writ petitions were filed in the year 2010 or thereafter.  21. Having   regard   to   the   above   it   would   not   be   permissible   to   the petitioners to compare their case with their counterparts in Bihar. As far as JUDGMENT the counterparts in the State of Bihar are concerned they had filed writ petitions well in time i.e. way back in the year 2003 in Patna High Court wherein those persons succeeded. The Patna High Court allowed those writ petitions   vide   judgment   dated   1.7.2004   directing   the   State   of   Bihar   to implement the judgment in  Ram Vinay Kumar's  Case. In such circumstances this Court would not be inclined to grant any relief to the petitioners   in these petitions filed under Article 32 of the Constitution, more so when it is 19 Page 19 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 found that the respondent/ State of Jharkhand has taken steps in conformity with the statutory recruitment rules framed under proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution. 
in thesewrit peti
pending I.As also stand dismissed.  ….................................J. [Surinder Singh Nijjar] …................................J. [A.K. Sikri] New Delhi February 25, 2014 JUDGMENT 20 Page 20 W.P.(C)NO. 59 of 2010 JUDGMENT 21 Page 21