CHOTKAU vs. THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 28-09-2022

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs.361­362 OF 2018 CHOTKAU         …APPELLANT(S) VERSUS STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH         ...RESPONDENT(S) J U D G M E N T V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, J. 1. Convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short “ IPC ”) and sentenced to death by the Sessions Court, which was also confirmed by the High Court on a reference and an appeal, the sole accused has come up with the above appeals. 2. We have heard Shri S. Nagamuthu, learned senior counsel for Signature Not Verified the   appellant   and   Shri   Ardhendumauli   Kumar   Prasad,   learned Digitally signed by DEEPAK SINGH Date: 2022.09.28 12:50:50 IST Reason: Additional Advocate General for the State of Uttar Pradesh. 1 3. The case of the prosecution was that on 08.03.2012 at about 20:10 hrs., one Kishun Bahadur, resident of Village Semgarha, P.S Ikauna,   District   Shravasti   lodged   a   complaint   at   Police   Station Ikauna   alleging   that   at   about   4:00   p.m   on   the   same   day,   the appellant   herein   took   his   niece   aged   about   6   years   under   the pretext of showing dance and song performances on the occasion of the Holi Festival. When the girl did not return home, a search was conducted. It was found that the appellant was not found in his house, but the dead body of the girl was found in the sugarcane field located on the southern side of the village. Another villager by name Fatehpur Bahadur, who was part of the team that searched for the missing girl, claimed to have seen the appellant leaving the sugarcane field after about half­an­hour. Therefore, invoking the last seen theory and on the basis of circumstantial evidence, the appellant was charged for the commission of the offences of raping the minor girl and murdering her. 4. The prosecution examined six witnesses, namely,     Kishun (i) Bahadur, the first informant and the uncle of the victim, as PW­1; (ii)   Shri   Raj   Karan,   a   localite   who   claimed   to   have   seen   the 2 appellant carrying the victim towards the sugarcane field and who was cited as a witness to the inquest, as PW­2;  (iii)  one Fatehpur Bahadur, who was part of the search party and who claimed to have seen the appellant leaving the sugarcane field after about half an hour, as PW­3;   (iv)   the Head Constable Balram Tripathi, the scribe of the First Information Report who registered the FIR, as PW­4;     Dr. Mukesh Kumar who conducted the post­mortem, as (v) PW­5; and  (vi)  the Investigation Officer Shri Rambali Roy as PW­6. During questioning under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal 5. Procedure   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   the   “ Code ”),   the   appellant denied the charges and claimed that he had been falsely implicated in the case, at the behest of one Mr. Zalim Khan, with a view to grab the property of his mother, who was none other than Zalim Khan’s brother’s daughter. To substantiate this claim, the appellant also examined his mother as DW­1. 6. Holding   that   the   guilt   of   the   appellant   stood   established beyond   reasonable   doubt   by   circumstantial   evidence   and   also holding that it is one of the rarest of rare cases where a six year old girl had been raped and murdered, the Sessions Court convicted 3 the appellant for the offences punishable under Sections 302 and 376 of the IPC and awarded death penalty. 7. The proceedings were then submitted to the High Court under Section 366(1) of the Code for confirmation. The appellant also filed an appeal. The capital punishment reference as well as the appeal filed by the appellant were taken up together by the Division Bench of the High Court and the High Court confirmed the conviction and sentence. The High Court came to the said conclusion on the basis that the evidence of PWs 1 to 3 were trustworthy and that the chain of   circumstances   pointing   to   the   guilt   of   the   appellant   stood established unbroken, by their evidence. The discrepancies in the testimonies of PWs 1 to 3 pointed out by the appellant were rejected as   minor   and   insignificant.   The   theory   of   animosity   and   false implication put forth by the appellant and sought to be established through the evidence of DW­1 were rejected by the High Court.  The High Court found fault with the appellant for not coming up with any explanation as to what happened to the girl, especially in the light   of   the   burden   cast   upon   him   under   Section   106   of   the Evidence Act. 4 8. The arguments of the appellant regarding the delay in sending the   FIR   to   the   Court   and   the   faulty   manner   in   which   the questioning under Section 313 of the Code was done, were rejected by   the   High   Court   and   the   High   Court   finally   agreed   with   the Sessions Court that it is one of the rarest of rare cases where the appellant has exhibited a deviant behaviour and abnormal sexual urge, thereby forfeiting his right to life. Accordingly, the High Court confirmed   the   death   penalty.   Under   these   circumstances,   the accused is on appeal before us. Obviously and admittedly, the prosecution of the appellant is 9. based on circumstantial evidence and hence we may have to see whether the chain of circumstances is complete and unbroken. As held by this Court in   vs. Sharad Birdhichand Sarda     State of 1 Maharashtra   , the Court must keep in mind five golden principles or the  panchsheel,  lucidly brought out in para 153 of the decision, as follows:­ “153.  ... ... ... (1) the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established. 1  (1984) 4 SCC 116 5 … …. … (2)  the   facts   so   established   should   be   consistent only   with   the   hypothesis   of   the   guilt   of   the accused,   that   is   to   say,   they   should   not   be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty, (3)  the   circumstances   should   be   of   a   conclusive nature and tendency, (4)  they  should exclude every  possible hypothesis except the one to be proved, and  (5)  there must be a chain of evidence so complete as not   to   leave   any   reasonable   ground   for   the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused   and   must   show   that   in   all   human probability the act must have been done by the accused.” 10. In this case, the prosecution sought to establish the guilt of the appellant, only through the evidence of PWs 1 to 3.  PWs 1 and 2 had seen the victim being taken towards the sugarcane field. PW­ 3 had seen the appellant taking the victim from the house and also leaving the sugarcane field half­an­hour later. When the search was conducted for the missing girl, her dead body was found in the sugarcane field and the appellant was absconding. On a cumulative consideration of these circumstances and applying the last seen theory and invoking the burden of proof cast under Section 106 of 6 the Evidence Act, the Sessions Court and the High Court came to the conclusion that the appellant was guilty. 11. Assailing the concurrent judgments of the Sessions Court and the High Court, it was contended by Shri S. Nagamuthu, learned senior counsel for the appellant that the evidence of PWs 1 to 3 is untrustworthy;  that  there was an unexplained delay of five days in forwarding   the   FIR   to   the   jurisdictional   Court;   that   there   were serious contradictions regarding the place where the body of the victim was kept and the place where the inquest was conducted; that  the evidence to support the last seen theory was insufficient to convict the appellant;  that  there was complete failure on the part of the prosecution to examine material witnesses;  that  in a shocking abdication  of   duties,   the   I.O.   failed  to   produce   forensic/medical evidence; and   the mandatory requirement of Section 313 of the that Code was not fulfilled. 12. However,   it   was   contended   by   Shri   Ardhendumauli   Kumar Prasad, learned AAG for the State that there are no reasons for PWs 1 to 3 to implicate the appellant;  that  their evidence was found to be cogent and trustworthy by two Courts;  that  the delay in forwarding 7 the FIR to the court did not vitiate the trial and did not prejudice the appellant;  that  any defect in the questioning under Section 313 of the Code, may not  ipso facto  vitiate the findings, unless prejudice is  shown;   and   that   the   forensic/medical   evidence   is   not   always mandatory. 13. We   have   carefully   considered   the   rival   contentions.   In   our view,   the   questions   that   crop   up   for   our   consideration   revolve around –  (i)  the trustworthiness of the testimonies of PWs 1 to 3, in the light of certain contradictions;  (ii)  the consequences of the delay on the part of the Police in forwarding the FIR to the Court;   the (iii) failure of the prosecution to produce forensic/medical evidence and its   effect   and   (iv)   the   manner   in   which   the   questioning   under Section 313 of the Code was undertaken and its effect upon the findings recorded. I.   Trustworthiness of the testimonies of PWs 1 to 3 14. As   we   have   indicated   earlier,   the   guilt   of   the   appellant   is sought to be established by the prosecution, by  (i)  relying upon the 8 testimonies of PWs 1 to 3 for invoking the last seen theory; and (ii)  invoking Section 106 of the Evidence Act. 15. It   is   needless   to   point   out   that   for   the   prosecution   to successfully invoke Section 106 of the Evidence Act, they must first establish that there was “ any fact especially within the knowledge of the ” appellant. This can be done by the prosecution only by proving that the victim was last seen in the company of the appellant. To establish   this   last   seen   theory,   the   prosecution   relies   upon   the evidence   of   PWs   1   to   3.   PWs   1   and   2   claim   to   have   seen   the appellant taking away the girl at 04:00 p.m on 08.03.2012. PW­3 claims to have seen the appellant leaving the sugarcane field after about half­an­hour. Therefore, according to the prosecution, the burden of showing what happened to the girl was heavily upon the appellant/accused.   16. Hence we have to see whether the evidence of PWs 1 to 3 was trustworthy   and   same   proved   the   last   seen   theory.   Both   the Sessions Court as well as the High Court have found the evidence of PWs   1   to   3   to   be   cogent   and   trustworthy.   The   contradictions pointed out by the defence were held by both the Courts to be 9 minor and insignificant.  Therefore, being the third Court exercising jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution, we have to tread a   very   careful   path   while   considering   the   question   of trustworthiness of these witnesses.  Unlike other cases, the appellant in this case has taken a 17. defence right from the beginning that he was implicated falsely at the behest of a locally powerful person whose wife is the Pradhan of the village. The case projected by the appellant was     that his (i) maternal grandfather was one Lazim Khan;   (ii)   that Lazim Khan’s brother was one Zalim Khan;     that after the death of Lazim (iii) Khan, his property devolved upon the appellant’s mother Jannatul Nisha;  (iv)  that Zalim Khan wanted to grab the properties from the appellant’s   mother   but   the   appellant   and   his   mother   were   not willing to let the land be taken away by Zalim Khan; and     that (v) since Zalim Khan is a very powerful person in the village and his wife is also the Pradhan of the village, he managed to implicate the appellant falsely in this case. 18. To demonstrate the veracity of the above claim, the appellant did   3   things.   First   he   confronted   PWs   1   to   3   with   pertinent 10 questions in cross­examination. Then the appellant articulated this theory in the questioning under Section 313. Third, the appellant also examined his mother as DW­1. Let us now take note of the answers elicited by the defence 19. from PW­1 during cross­examination. The relevant portion of the testimony of PW­1 in cross­examination reads as follows” “The mother of accused­Jannatul Nisha, was earlier living   at   Semgarha;   now   she   lives’   at   Ikauna.   At Ikauna,   the   mother   of   accused   has   kinship   in   the family of Jumai Pathan. The mother of accused do not have agriculture land in Ikauna. I do not know as to whether she works there as a labourer. At Semgarha, the mother of accused has 28­30  bighas  of agriculture land which she had got from the maternal grandfather of   the   accused.   The   maternal   grandfather   of   the accused had no son, that’s why the land of accused’s maternal grandfather had transferred in the name of the   mother   of   accused.   The   name   of   the   maternal grandfather of the accused is Lazim Khan who was resident   of   Semgarha   village   only.   Lazim   Khan   is pattidar  (relative) of the present Gram­pradhan Zalim Khan. Zalim Khan is very prosperous man. He has 200 bighas of land, 2 tractors, two motorcycles and 4 sons. Zalim Khan has high influence in my village. He has prominence there. ... ... ... Zalim Khan had come at the spot. Zalim Khan had told to get lodged the F.I.R. ... ... ... 11 Zalim Khan cultivates the land of accused Chotkau. Zalim Khan has won the court case related with the land. The suit regarding the land is pending before the higher courts. The mother of Chotkau lives at Ikauna after this incident.” After   having   said   what   is   extracted   above   during   cross­ 20. examination, PW­1 denied certain suggestions made in this regard. The portion of his testimony where he denied the suggestions is as follows: “It is correct to say that no witness has seen Chotkau committing the rape and murder of Uma Devi. It is wrong   to   say   that   I   had   lodged   the   F.I.R.   against Chotkau on being said by Zalim Khan Pradhan. It is wrong to say that we are men of Zalim Khan Pradhan. It is wrong that Zalim Khan Pradhan owes enmity with the mother of Chotkau regarding the land, that’s why Zalim Khan had got lodged the F.I.R. against Chotkau. It is wrong to say that Chotkau had neither committed rape nor the murder of Uma Devi. It is wrong to say that I am submitting false testimony.” 21. Even PW­2 was confronted with specific questions relating to the alleged role of Zalim Khan in implicating the appellant. The relevant portion of the cross­examination of PW­2 reads as follows: “I know the mother of accused Chotkau. Her maternal house is at village Semgarha only and she is daughter of Lazim Khan. Lazim Khan has died. Lazim Khan had no son. After the death of Lazim Khan, Zalim Khan­the present Pradhan, got his land and he only cultivates the land. The mother of accused had not got the land of her father. Lazim Khan and Zalim Khan are real brothers.   The   land   would   be   about   18­20   . bighas 12 Zalim Khan cultivates the entire land. The mother of Chotkau had fled away from here and living at Ikauna. Chotkau   has   three   brothers   including   him.   All   the three of them do not have any land. All the three of them are engaged in the occupation of labourers.” 22. After having said what is extracted above, PW­2 denied the suggestion that it was Zalim Khan who got the appellant implicated in the case. 23. Even the Investigation Officer examined as PW­6 admitted in cross­examination:   “ I   had   detected   that   a   land   dispute   was proceeding between accused Chotkau and Zalim Khan .” 24. In answer to the last question (Question No.13) during the questioning under Section 313 of the Code, as to whether he wished to say anything else, the appellant stated as follows: “After   death   of   Lazim   Khan,   his   real  brother   Zalim Khan had usurped all the property of Lazim Khan and expelled   the   accused.   The   accused   was   not   leaving possession   of   the   land   of   his   maternal   grandfather therefore   Zalim   Khan   implicated   him   false   in   this case.” The appellant’s mother examined as DW­1 not only elaborated 25. the theory that the appellant was falsely implicated at the instance of Zalim Khan but also came up with a story as to what could have 13 happened to the victim. The relevant portion of the evidence of DW­ 1 reads as follows: “After the death of father, finding me helpless, Zalim Khan gobbled all my property. We have intense enmity with Zalim Khan for the same reason. My son Chotkau and I opposed Zalim Khan in the election of Pradhan and other matters, that is why Zalim Khan implicated my   son   in   this   false   case.   Zalim   Khan   has   falsely implicated my son by making Kishun Bahadur and Rajkaran the complainant and the witness in the said case who are the servants of Zalim Khan. The truth is that the daughter of brother of the complainant of case Kishun Bahadur had gone in the sugar­cane field for defecation, there itself a  Markaha  (aggressive) Neelgai threw her by its horns, due to which she had died. But giving   this   matter   a   different   color   due   to   enmity, Zalim Khan got my son implicated as the acused by putting pressure on the local police. We got to know the fact of Uma  Devi being killed by the Neelgai when the son of Behna had gone for defecation in the same field and Neelgai had hit him too with its horn due to which his scrotum had ruptured.” 26. Keeping in mind the defence so put up by the appellant, let us now come to the other portions of the evidence of PWs 1 to 3. The Mode of Lodging of the FIR On the question as to how the complaint was lodged and as to 27. what   happened   immediately   thereafter,   PW­1   stated   in   Chief­ examination as follows:  14 “ I went to the police station to inform about the incident, got the application written by a man there, got read over the application, marked my signature and handed over the same to the police station. On the same Tehrir my case had been registered .” ........... “After I handed over the Tehrir, the police went to the spot, performed the documentation regarding the corpse and sent the corpse for post­ mortem.  The Investigating Officer had taken my statement and went to the spot.  He had prepared the site map on pointing out by me.28. During cross­examination, PW­1 said:  “ I myself had gone to the police station to lodge the FIR. I had got written the complaint by a person who was resident of Sitkahna. The   police   station   officials   themselves   provided   the   paper.   The Inspector had asked me to get the FIR written by any person of my side ”. But during further cross­examination PW­1 stated thus:  29.I had got written the Tehrir of FIR by another person inside the police station itself.  The Inspector had dictated it and got it written.  I had marked my signature on that. ”   15 30. After   some   time,   PW­1   admitted   during   further   cross­ examination the following:  “ Zalim Khan had come at the spot. Zalim Khan had told to get lodged .” the FIR against Chotkau 31. In contra­distinction to what PW­1 said, PW­3 stated that the “ information had been given to police station over telephone, . During cross­examination also PW­3 then police man had come stated that police reached the spot upon getting a phone call and that he did not know who made the call.   32. PW­4, the Head Constable said in Chief Examination:  “ On   08.03.2012,   I   was   posted   as   H.C.   at   Police   Station­Ikauna, District­Shrawasti.   On   that   day  a   written   Hindi   Tahrir  had   been submitted   by   complainant   of   the   case   Shri   Kishun   Bahadur   s/o Chintaram,   resident   of   Semgarha,   Police   Station­Ikauna,   District Shrawasti. ”   During   cross­examination   PW­4   reiterated:   “T he complainant of the case had given me a written application. The complainant of the case had given the Tehrir on 08.03.2012 at 20:10 .”. hrs. 16 33. Thus even on the question as to how the first information was given to the police, there are different versions. According to one version, “ PW­1 went to the police station, got the Tehrir written by a man there, got read over the complaint, marked his signature and handed over the same to the police station ”.  According to the second version, again by PW­1, “ the Inspector dictated it and got it written ”. According to a third version “ Zalim Khan had told to get the FIR registered against the appellant ”. According to the fourth version, which was by PW­3, “ the information was given to the police through phone call ”. 34. Thus   there   were   different   versions,   (i)   as   to   how   the   first information was given to the police; and   by whom the complaint (ii) was written. The place where the dead body was seen by the police, persons took the body from the place of occurrence and where it was taken to. 35. There   were   several   contradictions   regarding,   (i)   the   place where the dead body was first seen by the Police;   the person who (ii) took the dead body; and  (iii)  the place to which the dead body was taken. PW­1 stated in chief­examination as follows:  17 “ After I handed over the Tehrir, the police went to the spot, performed the documentation regarding the corpse and sent the corpse for post­mortem. 36. In cross­examination PW­1 stated “ Despite getting the dead body, we did not bring the dead body to the home. When police personnel had come, they got carried the dead body .” During further cross­examination PW­1 stated: “ the dead body was not lying there for whole night. I will not be able to tell at what time the Inspector had taken away the dead body. The Inspector had come at half past seven. He had come in his vehicle. The Inspector had taken away the dead body in his vehicle.......”  “After consulting from every one the Inspector had taken the dead body to the police station. He had brought a cloth from the police station and took away the dead body wrapping it in the same cloth. Later on we had gone with the dead body.” But a little while later, PW­1 stated in cross­examination:  37.when this first information application had been written, the dead body of the girl was kept inside the police station itself. 18 That time several persons there. The police personnel had carried the dead   body   by   a   Magic   (brand   of   vehicle)   to   Bahraich   for   post­ .   mortem” 38. PW­3 stated during cross­examination:  “ the dead­body of the girl had been sent for post­mortem from the occurrence spot itself .” 39. PW­4 the Head Constable who registered the FIR said in cross­ examination: “ the dead body had not been brought to the police station.40. But   interestingly   PW­6,   the   Investigation   Officer   stated   the following during cross­examination:­ “......After lodging of case, I had visited the occurrence spot same day at 09.00­09.30 o’ clock of the night. It had become dense   night   when   I   had   reached   the   spot.   The   family members were wailing.   There was no arrangement of light therefore I stayed there itself in the night with a Daroga and two­three constables.  When I had reached the village, upto that   time   the   villagers   had   already   brought   the   dead body to home from the occurrence spot.  Therefore, due to aforesaid reasons I did not go to the occurrence spot in that night. Although I have not referred this fact in my case diary but it is the correct fact.  The dead body was kept in front of the door of house of first informant and the family members were wailing there itself ...” 41. When confronted with the statements of PWs 1 to 3 to the effect that the dead body had been taken away to the police station, 19 PW­6 denied the same as wrong. His answer to this question in cross­examination was as follows: “ If the complainant of the case would have said that the police man had taken away the dead body of Uma to the police station in the night itself and conducted the inquest proceeding there, then this fact is wrong .” 42. Thus, there are different versions  (i)  regarding the place where the dead body was first seen by the police; and   as to who carried (ii) the dead body and where. The first version of PW­1 was that “ he and other villagers who accompanied him did not bring the dead body to the house and that when police personnel came, they carried the dead body ”.  The second version of PW­1 was the “ Inspector took away   dead   body   in   his   vehicle   to   the   police   station ”.   His   third version was that “ when the first information application had been written, the dead body of the girl was kept inside the police station itself ”. His fourth version was that “ the police personnel had carried the dead body by a Magic (brand of vehicle) for post mortem ”.  A new version was put forth by PW­3 to the effect that the dead body of the girl was sent for post­mortem from the occurrence spot itself, meaning   thereby   that   the   body   was   never   taken   to   the   police 20 station.  PW­4, the Head Constable said that the dead body had not been brought to the police station. PW­6, the Investigating Officer categorically stated that the police did not take away the dead body to the police station and that he saw the dead body near the front door of the house of the first informant. 43. There was yet another contradiction which is crucial. It was claimed by PW­1 and confirmed by the others that the police came to the occurrence spot only after the FIR was lodged. But at one place of the cross­examination, PW­1 claimed that when the first information application was written, the dead body of the girl was kept inside the police station itself. Therefore, it remains a mystery as to whether the dead body was ever taken to the police station and if so, how, when and why. Different versions regarding the Place, Date and Time of conduct of   the inquest   . 44. There   were   many   discrepancies   regarding   the   place   where inquest was conducted and the date and time at which inquest was conducted.  In his chief­examination PW­2 stated as follows : 21 “…Then searching the girl, family members of Chheddan went towards the sugarcane field and began searching, then they found that the dead body of Uma was lying in the sugarcane field.  Blood was coming out of her urinal track, her clothes had torn up and she had died. I also went to the spot. The family members of Chheddan had informed the Police Station, on which the police team of Police Station Ikauna had arrived.   They had carried out the   inquest   proceedings   at   the   spot   itself   and obtained my signature on the Memo of Inquest.  When the Memo of Inquest had been shown and read over to the   witness,   he   said   that   it   was   the   same   Memo   of Inquest which had been prepared in my presence and I had market my signature on that which I verify…” 45. Interestingly, PW­2 stated in cross­examination, the opposite of what he stated in chief­examination. What PW­2 stated in cross­ examination was that “ the inquest proceedings on the dead body of the girl were not performed before me ”. PW­6, the Investigation Officer stated in chief­examination as 46. follows: “….The inquest proceedings could not be performed due to   being   night   time.   On   09.03.12   the   inquest proceedings had been completed and the dead body had been sent to District­ Bahraich for postmortem after sealing­stamping the same.   Same day I recorded the statement of the complainant on the spot, inspected the spot and recorded the statements of witnesses…” 47. In   cross­examination   PW­6   reiterated   that   the   inquest proceedings   were   not   conducted   on   the   same   night,   but   were 22 started at 8 o’ clock in the morning on 09.03.2012. PW­6 claimed that Raj Karan, Vikram, Pesh Ram, Rameshwar Prasad and Raksha Ram were deputed as   panch   for the inquest.   Out of these five panch witnesses, Raj Karan alone was examined as PW­2, but according to Raj Karan, examined as PW­2, the police arrived at the   spot   upon   being   informed   by   the   family   members   of Chheddan and conducted inquest proceedings at the spot itself . He also claimed that the I.O recorded his statement on the night of the incident at 7 o’ clock. 48. Out of the five  panch  witnesses mentioned by the I.O to have been present at the time of inquest, the names of three persons were mentioned by PW­1 also, but according to PW­1, the I.O came to the spot at half past 7’o clock in his vehicle and noted down the names of four or five persons including that of PW­2, obtained their signatures and went away. 49. Therefore,   there   were   two   versions,   regarding   the   date   of conduct of inquest. According to one version, it was conducted on the date of the incident namely, 08.03.2012, but according to I.O., it was conducted on 09.03.2012. Interestingly the I.O added one 23 more dimension  to  the   contradiction   at  one   stage   of   the   cross­ examination. He claimed that after registering the case he visited the   occurrence   spot   same   day   at   9:00­9:30   at   night.   But subsequently he claimed as follows: “ First I completed the inquest proceedings and inspected the occurrence spot subsequently, after two hours of the inquest proceedings on 09.03.2012 itsel f”. 50. Moreover the inquest ought to have been conducted at the place where the dead body was found. PW­1 claimed that he did not bring the dead body to the house and that the police personnel who had come to the spot, took away the body. But according to PW­6, the relatives had taken the dead body to the house and that he saw the   dead   body   only   in   the   house.   If   that   is   so,   the   inquest proceedings should have been conducted there and not elsewhere. It is quite strange that PW­6 claimed during cross­examination to have   first   completed   the   inquest   and   thereafter   inspected   the occurrence spot. Clothes on the body of the victim, recovered by the police. 24 51. According to PW­1 “ the victim was clad in frock, brief, salwar and vest. The frock was red coloured. The brief was green. The sandow vest was green coloured.  The salwar was red coloured  as well.” 52. PW­1 also claimed that “ at the place of occurrence, the brief was torn and lying apart from her limbs ”.  He also stated that salwar was lying away from her and that   there was blood stain in the salwar  and brief. PW­1 claimed that he had taken the salwar. PW­3 claimed that the police recovered and took away the 53. salwar of the victim. Interestingly, PW­3 asserted that he went to the occurrence spot and he found that the victim was wearing a red colour frock and  . black colour spotted salwar 54. The Investigation Officer stated during cross­examination that the deceased was wearing a brick colour sandow vest and a violet colour frock on the upper portion of her body. He confirmed that he recovered the salwar from the occurrence spot and   that it was a green colour salwar . He further stated that though there was blood on the occurrence spot,  no blood was stuck on the green colour 25 salwar . Thus, there were 3 different versions, regarding the colour of the salwar, one by PW­1 that it was red, the second by PW­3 that it was black color spotted and the third by PW­6 that it was green colored. Similarly, there were two different versions regarding the presence of blood on the salwar, one by PW­1 and another by PW­6. 55. A   letter   dated   27.03.2012   purportedly   sent   by   the   Deputy Superintendent of Police to the Forensic Sciences Laboratory, which formed part of the documents submitted by the police, presumably along with the final report, but which was not marked as Exhibit indicates   that   the   salwar   worn   by   the   deceased,   with   stains   of semen on it, was one of the few items sent for forensic examination. But there was no report of the Forensic Sciences Laboratory.  56. Strangely, the aforesaid letter dated 27.03.2012 addressed to the Forensic Sciences Laboratory, was not sent by the Investigation Officer but by the Deputy Superintendent of Police.  57 . Thus there were very serious contradictions, both mutual and otherwise,   in   the   evidence   tendered   by   PWs   1   to   3,   on   crucial aspects such as,   (i)   the mode of Lodging of the FIR;   (ii)   the place 26 where the dead body was first seen by the police, persons took the body from the place of occurrence and where it was taken to;  (iii) the Place, Date and Time of conduct of the inquest; and   the (iv)   clothes on the body of the victim, recovered by the police. These contradictions   make   the   evidence   of   PWs   1   to   3   completely untrustworthy. Unfortunately, the Sessions Court as well as the High Court have trivialized these major contradictions to hold that the chain of circumstances have been established unbroken.  II.   Delay in transmitting the FIR to court 58. According to the prosecution, the FIR was lodged at 20:10 hrs. on 08.03.2012. The Court of the CJM, Shravasti, received the copy of the FIR on 13.03.2012. Therefore, a cloud is sought to be cast on the genuineness of the FIR. 59. On the importance of promptitude, both in the registration of the FIR and in the transmission of the same to the Court, reliance is   placed   by   Shri   Nagamuthu,   learned   senior   counsel   on   the 2 following passage in  Meharaj Singh (L/Nk.)  vs.  State of U.P   2   (1994) 5 SCC 188 27
12.FIR in a criminal case and particularly in a
murder case is a vital and valuable piece of evidence
for the purpose of appreciating the evidence led at the
trial. The object of insisting upon prompt lodging of
the FIR is to obtain the earliest information regarding
the circumstance in which the crime was committed,
including the names of the actual culprits and the
parts played by them, the weapons, if any, used, as
also the names of the eye witnesses, if any. Delay in
lodging the FIR often results in embellishment, which
is a creature of an after thought. On account of delay,
the FIR not only gets bereft of the advantage of
spontaneity, danger also creeps in of the introduction
of a coloured version or exaggerated story. With a view
to determine whether the FIR, was lodged at the time it
is alleged to have been recorded, the courts generally
look for certain external checks. One of the checks is
the receipt of the copy of the FIR, called a special
report in a murder case, by the local Magistrate. If this
report is received by the Magistrate late it can give rise
to an inference that the FIR was not lodged at the time
it is alleged to have been recorded, unless, of course
the prosecution can offer a satisfactory explanation for
the delay in despatching or receipt of the copy of the
FIR by the local Magistrate. Prosecution has led no
evidence at all in this behalf. The second external
check equally important is the sending of the copy of
the FIR along with the dead body and its reference in
the inquest report. Even though the inquest report,
prepared underSection 174Cr. P.C., is aimed at
serving a statutory function, to lend credence to the
prosecution case, the details of the FIR and the gist of
statements recorded during inquest proceedings get
reflected in the report. The absence of those details is
indicative of the fact that the prosecution story was
still in embryo state and had not been given any shape
and that the FIR came to be recorded later on after
due deliberations and consultations and was then ante
timed to give it the colour of a promptly lodged FIR. In
our opinion, on account of the infirmities as noticed
above, the FIR has lost its value and authenticity and
it appears to us that the same has been ante timed
and had not been recorded till the inquest proceedings
were over at the spot by PW8.”
28 60. While reiterating the above principles, a note of caution was also added by this Court in  Bhajan Singh alias Harbhajan Singh 3 and Others   vs.   State of Haryana   .   Paragraphs  28 to 30 of the said decision read as follows:­
29.It is not that as if every delay in sending the
report to the Magistrate would necessarily lead to
the inference that the FIR has not been lodged at
the time stated or has been anti­timed or anti­
dated or investigation is not fair and forthright.
Every such delay is not fatal unless prejudice to
the accused is shown.The expression “forthwith”
mentioned therein does not mean that the prosecution
is required to explain delay of every hour in sending
the FIR to the Magistrate. In a given case, if number of
dead and injured persons is very high, delay in
dispatching the report is natural. Of course, the same
is to be sent within reasonable time in the prevalent
circumstances.
3   (2011) 7 SCC 421 29 may be drawn against the prosecution when there are circumstances from which an inference can be drawn that there were chances of manipulation in the FIR by falsely   roping   in   the   accused   persons   after   due deliberations.   Delay   provides   legitimate   basis   for suspicion of the FIR, as it affords sufficient time to the prosecution   to   introduce   improvements   and embellishments. Thus, a delay in dispatch of the FIR by itself is not a circumstance which can throw out the prosecution's case in its entirety, particularly when the prosecution   furnishes   a   cogent   explanation   for   the delay  in  dispatch  of  the  report  or   prosecution  case itself is proved by leading unimpeachable evidence.” 61. It   is   clear   from   the   aforesaid   decisions   that   the   delay   in forwarding the FIR may certainly indicate the failure of one of the external   checks   to   determine   whether   the   FIR   was   manipulated later or whether it was registered either to fix someone other than the real culprit or to allow the real culprit to escape. While every delay in forwarding the FIR may not necessarily be fatal to the case of the prosecution, Courts may be duty bound to see the effect of such delay on the investigation and even the creditworthiness of the investigation. 62. Section 157(1) of the Code requires the officer­in­charge of the police station to send the FIR, “ forthwith ”.  The legal consequences of the delay on the part of the police in forwarding the FIR to the court   was   considered   by   this   Court   in   Brahm   Swaroop   and 30 4 Another   vs.   State   of   Uttar   Pradesh .   Incidentally   Brahm  (supra) is also a case where there was a delay of five days Swaroop in sending the report to the Magistrate (as in the present case). After  taking   note   of   several   earlier   decisions   of   this   Court,  this Court held in  Brahm Swaroop  in para 21 as follows:
21.In the instant case, the defence did not put
any question in this regard to the investigating
officer, Raj Guru (PW.10), thus, noexplanation was
required to be furnished by him on this issue.
Thus, the prosecution had not been asked to
explain the delay in sending the special report.
More so, the submission made by Shri Tulsi that the
FIR was ante­timed cannot be accepted in view of the
evidence available on record which goes to show that
the FIR had been lodged promptly within 20 minutes
of the incident as the Police Station was only 1 k.m.
away from the place of occurrence and names of all
the accused had been mentioned in the FIR.”
63. To come to the above conclusion, reliance was placed upon a decision of a three member Bench in  Balram Singh and Another 5 vs.   State of Punjab . In   Balram Singh   (supra), a three member Bench of this Court rejected the contention with regard to the delay in transmitting the FIR to the Magistrate, on the ground that “ while considering the complaint in regard to the delay in the FIR reaching the Jurisdictional  Magistrate, we will have to also bear in mind the 4 (2011) 6 SCC 288 5   (2003) 11 SCC 286 31 creditworthiness of the ocular evidence adduced by the prosecution and if we find that such ocular evidence is worthy of acceptance, the element of delay in registering a complaint or sending the same to the Jurisdictional Magistrate by itself would not weaken the prosecution case ”.   6 64. In  State of Rajasthan  vs.  Daud Khan , this Court referred to  and interpreted the word “forthwith” appearing in Brahm Swaroop Section 157 (1) of the Code, as follows:
“26.
The purpose of the “forthwith” communication of a
copy of the FIR to the Magistrate is to check the
possibility of its manipulation. Therefore, adelayin
transmitting the specialreportto the Magistrate is
linked to the lodging of the FIR. If there is nodelayin
lodging an FIR, then anydelayin communicating the
specialreportto the Magistrate would really be of little
consequence, since manipulation of the FIR would
then get ruled out. Nevertheless, the prosecution
should explain thedelayin transmitting the
specialreportto the Magistrate. However, if no
question is put to the investigating officer concerning
thedelay, the prosecution is under no obligation to
give an explanation. There is no universal rule that
whenever there is somedelayin sending the FIR to the
Magistrate, the prosecution version becomes
unreliable. In other words, the facts and
circumstances of a case are important for a decision in
this regard.”
State may be right, in theory, that a delay in transmission of the 6 (2016) 2 SCC 607 32 FIR to the court, may not,  per se , be fatal, without anything more. But in the case on hand, the delay was not small. The FIR said to have been registered on 08.03.2012 was received by the Court of the   Chief   Judicial   Magistrate   on   13.03.2012.   It   is   true   that   no question was put in cross­examination to the Investigation Officer about this delay . 66. But   we   have   found   that   the   evidence   of   P.Ws.   1   to   3   is untrustworthy,   particularly   on   the   question   of   the   origin   and genesis   of   the   first   information   report.   Therefore   the   inordinate delay   in   the   FIR   reaching   the   jurisdictional   court   assumes significance. We agree that the word "forthwith' in Section 157(1) of the Code is to be understood in the context of the given facts and circumstances of each case and a straight­jacket formula cannot be applied   in   all   cases.   But   where   ocular   evidence   is   found   to   be unreliable and thus unacceptable, a long delay has to be taken note of by the Court.   The mandate of Section 157(1) of the Code being clear, the prosecution is expected to place on record the basic foundational facts, such as, the Officer who took the first   information   report   to   the   jurisdictional   court,   the 33 authority   which   directed   such   a   course   of   action   and   the mode by which it was complied. Explaining the delay is a different aspect than placing the material in compliance of . the Code 67. In the present case, it is not even known as to who took the first information report from P.W.6 or P.W.4 and submitted before the jurisdictional court. Neither PW­4 nor PW­6 spoke about the person who took the FIR to the court. They did not say that they took it to the court. It is not a case of mere delay in sending the first information report, but one involving the contradictory evidence by the   prosecution   witnesses   on   the   manner   in   which   the   first information report is written. 68. On the question of compliance of Section 157(1) along with logical   reasoning   for   doing   so,   the   following   passage   from   the 7 decision in   Jafarudheen and Ors. vs. State of Kerala   may be usefully quoted as under: “26.   The   jurisdictional   Magistrate   plays   a   pivotal   role during the investigation process. It is meant to make the investigation just and fair. The Investigating Officer is to 7 2022 SCC Online SC 495 34 keep the Magistrate in the loop of his ongoing investigation. The object is to avoid a possible foul play. The Magistrate has a role to play under Section 159 of Cr.PC.  27. The first information report in a criminal case starts the process   of   investigation   by   letting   the   criminal   law   into motion.   It   is   certainly   a   vital   and   valuable   aspect   of evidence to corroborate the oral evidence. Therefore, it is imperative that such an information is expected to reach the jurisdictional Magistrate at the earliest point of time to avoid any possible ante­dating or ante­timing leading to the insertion   of   materials   meant   to   convict   the   accused contrary to the truth and on account of such a delay may also not only gets bereft of the advantage of spontaneity, there is also a danger creeping in by the introduction of a coloured version, exaggerated account or concocted story as a result of deliberation and consultation. However, a mere delay   by   itself   cannot   be   a   sole   factor   in   rejecting   the prosecution's   case   arrived   at   after   due   investigation. Ultimately, it is for the Court concerned to take a call. Such a view is expected to be taken after considering the relevant materials." Therefore, we hold that the delay of 5 days in transmitting the FIR to the jurisdictional court, especially in the facts and circumstances of this case was fatal. III.  Failure to conduct medical examination 69. Despite   the   fact   that   it   was   a   shocking   case   of   rape   and murder of a six year old girl, the prosecution did not care to subject the   accused   (appellant   herein)   to   examination   by   a   medical practitioner. There were two documents which formed part of the records submitted along with the final report, but which were not 35 exhibited. One of them appears to be a Memo signed by PW­5, the Doctor   who   conducted   the   post­mortem.   This   Memo   is   dated 09.03.2012 addressed to the Senior Pathologist, District Hospital, Bahraich. The Memo reads as follows: “ Vaginal smear prepared in two slides from the body of Km.   Uma   D/o   Chhedam   Lal,   R/o   Semgadha,   PS Ikauna, Dist: Shravasti .” 70. The second is a Report dated 10.03.2012. It reads as follows:­ “ Report­   In   microscopic   examination   of   supplied specimen,   no   spermatozoa   seem   alive   or   dead.     No (unclear) seen . 71. Despite the fact that the author of the Memo dated 09.03.2012 was examined as PW­5, he never spoke about this. The Report of the   Forensic   Sciences   Laboratory,   to   whom   the   salwar   was forwarded, was also not obtained by the Investigating Officer.   72. Section 53(1) of the Code enables a police officer not below the rank of Sub­Inspector to request a registered medical practitioner, to   make   such   an   examination   of   the   person   arrested,   as   is reasonably necessary to ascertain the facts which may afford such evidence, whenever a person is arrested on a charge of committing an offence of such a nature that there are reasonable grounds for 36 believing that an examination of his person will afford evidence as to the commission of an offence.  Section 53(1) reads as follows:
53. Examination of accused by medical
practitioner at the request of police officer
inspector,and for any person acting in good faith in
his aid and under his direction, to make such an
examination of the person arrested as is reasonably
necessary in order to ascertain the facts which may
afford such evidence, and to use such force as is
reasonably necessary for that purpose.”
By Act 25 of 2005, a new Explanation was substituted under 73. Section   53,   in   the   place   of   the   original   Explanation.   The Explanation so substituted under Section 53, by Act 25 of 2005 reads as follows:
“Explanation.­In this section and in sections 53A and
54,­
(a) "examination" shall include the examination of<br>blood, blood stains, semen, swabs in case of<br>sexual offences, sputum and sweat, hair samples<br>and finger nail clippings by the use of modern<br>and scientific techniques including DNA profiling<br>and such other tests which the registered<br>medical practitioner thinks necessary in a<br>particular case;(a) "examination" shall include the examination of
blood, blood stains, semen, swabs in case of
sexual offences, sputum and sweat, hair samples
and finger nail clippings by the use of modern
and scientific techniques including DNA profiling
and such other tests which the registered
medical practitioner thinks necessary in a
particular case;
37
(b) "registered medical practitioner" means a medical
practitioner who possess any medical
qualification as defined in clause (h) of section 2
of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (102 of
1956) and whose name has been entered in a
State Medical Register.”
74. Simultaneously with the substitution of a new Explanation<br>under Section 53, Act 25 of 2005 also inserted a new provision in<br>Section 53A. Section 53A reads as follows:
“53A. Examination of person accused of rape by<br>medical practitioner, ­
(1) When a person is arrested on a charge of committing an<br>offence of rape or an attempt to commit rape and there are<br>reasonable grounds for believing that an examination of his<br>person will afford evidence as to the commission of such offence,<br>it shall be lawful for a registered medical practitioner employed<br>in a hospital run by the Government or by a local authority and<br>in the absence of such a practitioner within the radius of sixteen<br>kilometers from the place where the offence has been committed<br>by any other registered medical practitioner, acting at the<br>request of a police officer not below the rank of a sub­inspector,<br>and for any person acting in good faith in his aid and under his<br>direction, to make such an examination of the arrested person<br>and to use such force as is reasonably necessary for that<br>purpose.
(2) The registered medical practitioner conducting such<br>examination shall, without delay, examine such person and<br>prepare a report of his examination giving the following<br>particulars, namely;
“(i) the name and address of the accused and of the person by<br>whom he was brought,
(ii) the age of the accused,
(iii) marks of injury, if any, on the person of the accused,
(iv) the description of material taken from the person of the<br>accused for DNA profiling, and
(v) other material particulars in reasonable detail.
(3) The report shall state precisely the reasons for each<br>conclusion arrived at.
38 (4)   The   exact   time   of   commencement   and   completion   of   the examination shall also be noted in the report. (5) The registered medical practitioner shall, without delay, forward the report of the investigating officer, who shall forward it to the Magistrate referred to in Section 173 as part of the documents referred to in Clause (a) of sub­section (5) of that section.” 75. Even in a case where the victim of rape was alive and testified before the Court and the accused was also examined by a doctor, 8 this Court found in  Krishan Kumar Malik  vs.  State of Haryana that   the   failure   to   obtain   the   report   of   the   Forensic   Sciences Laboratory was fatal. Paragraph 40 of the said decision reads as follows: “ 40. The appellant was also examined by the doctor, who   had   found   him   capable   of   performing   sexual intercourse. In the undergarments of the prosecutrix, male semen were   found but these were not sent for analysis in the forensic laboratories which could have conclusively proved, beyond any shadow of doubt with regard to the commission of offence by the appellant. This lacuna on the part of the prosecution proves to be fatal and goes in favour of the appellant.” 76. On the scope of the newly inserted Section 53A, this Court said in  (supra) as follows: Krishan Kumar Malik 44. Now,   after   the   incorporation   of   Section   53A in the   Criminal   Procedure   Code,   w.e.f.   23.6.2006, brought to our notice by the learned counsel for the respondent   State,   it   has   become   necessary   for   the prosecution to go in for DNA test in such type of cases, 8   (2011) 7 SCC 130 39 facilitating the prosecution to prove its case against the accused. Prior to 2006, even without the aforesaid the specific provision in  CrPC prosecution could have still resorted to this procedure of getting the DNA test or analysis and matching of semen of the Appellant with   that   found   on   the   undergarments   of   the prosecutrix to make it a fool proof case, but they did not do so, thus they must face the consequences.” 77. It is true that a three member Bench of this Court indicated in 9 vs.   that Rajendra Pralhadrao Wasnik     State of Maharashtra Section 53A is not mandatory. It was held in paragraphs 49 and 50 of the said decision as follows:­
49.WhileSection 53­ACrPC. is not mandatory, it
certainly requires a positive decision to be taken.
There must be reasonable grounds for believing that
the examination of a person will afford evidence as to
the commission of an offence of rape or an attempt to
commit rape. If reasonable grounds exist, then a
medical examination as postulated bySection 53­
A(2)CrPC must be conducted and that includes
examination of the accused and description of
material taken from the person of the accused for
DNA profiling. Looked at from another point of view,
if there are reasonable grounds for believing that an
examination of the accused will not afford evidence
as to the commission of an offence as mentioned
above, it is quite unlikely that a charge­sheet would
even be filed against the accused for committing an
offence of rape or attempt to rape.
50.Similarly,Section 164­ACrPC requires,
wherever possible, for the medical examination of a
victim of rape. Of course, the consent of the victim is
necessary and the person conducting the examination
must be competent to medically examine the victim.
Again, one of the requirements of the medical
9 (2019) 12 SCC 460 40
examination is an examination of the victimand
description of material taken from the person of the
woman for DNA profiling.”
78. After saying that Section 53A is not mandatory, this Court found in paragraph 54 of the said decision that the failure of the prosecution   to   produce   DNA evidence,   warranted   an   adverse inference to be drawn. Paragraph 54 reads as follows:­ “ 54 . For the prosecution to decline to produce DNA evidence   would   be   a   little   unfortunate   particularly when the facility of DNA profiling is available in the country.   The prosecution would be well advised to take   advantage   of   this,   particularly   in   view   of   the provisions of Section 53­A and Section 164­A CrPC. We are not going to the extent of suggesting that if there is no DNA profiling, the prosecution case cannot be proved but we are certainly of the view that where DNA profiling has not been done or it is held back from the trial court, an adverse consequence would follow for the prosecution.” 79. It is necessary at this stage to note that by the very same Amendment Act 25 of 2005, by which Section 53A was inserted, Section 164A was also inserted in the Code. While Section 53A enables the medical examination of the person accused of rape, Section 164A enables medical examination of the victim of rape. Both   these   provisions   are   somewhat   similar   and   can   be   said 41 approximately to be a mirror image of each other. But there are three distinguishing features. They are:­ (i) Section   164A   requires   the   prior   consent   of   the women   who   is   the   victim   of   rape.   Alternatively,   the consent of a person competent to give such consent on her behalf should have been obtained before subjecting the victim to medical examination. Section 53A does not speak about any such consent; Section   164A   requires   the   report   of   the   medical (ii) practitioner to contain among other things, the general mental condition of the women. This is absent in Section 53A; Under Section 164A(1), the medical examination by (iii) a registered medical practitioner is mandatory when, “ it is proposed to get the person of the women examined by a medical expert ” during the course of investigation. This is borne out by the use of the words, “ such examination shall be conducted”.   In contrast, Section 53A(1) merely makes it lawful for a registered medical practitioner to make an examination of the arrested person if “ there are reasonable grounds for believing that an examination of his person will afford evidence as to the commission of such offence ”. 42 80. In cases where the victim of rape is alive and is in a position to testify in court, it may be possible for the prosecution to take a chance by not medically examining the accused. But in cases where the victim is dead and the offence is sought to be established only by   circumstantial   evidence,   medical   evidence   assumes   great importance.   The   failure   of   the   prosecution   to   produce   such evidence,   despite   there   being   no   obstacle   from   the   accused   or anyone,   will   certainly   create   a   gaping   hole   in   the   case   of   the prosecution and give rise to a serious doubt on the case of the prosecution. We do not wish to go into the question whether Section 53A is mandatory or not. Section 53A enables the prosecution to obtain   a   significant   piece   of   evidence   to   prove   the   charge.   The failure of the prosecution in this case to subject the appellant to medical   examination   is   certainly   fatal   to   the   prosecution   case especially when the ocular evidence is found to be not trustworthy. Their   failure   to   obtain   the   report   of   the   Forensic   Sciences 81. Laboratory on the blood/semen stain on the salwar worn by the victim, compounds the failure of the prosecution. 43 IV.  Argument revolving around section 313 of the Code . Though arguments were advanced even on     the manner in 82 (i) which the statement of the accused was recorded under Section 313 of the Code;   (ii)   the failure of the Court to comply with the mandate of Section 313(1)(b) of the Code in letter and spirit; and  the consequences of such failure, we do not think it necessary (iii) to go into the said question.   This is for the reason that we have found in Part­I of this order that the evidence of P.Ws 1 to 3 are not trustworthy   and   in   Part­III   of   this   order   that   the   failure   of   the prosecution to subject the appellant to medical examination was fatal.   These   findings   are   sufficient   to   overturn   the   verdict   of conviction and penalty. Reasoning of the Sessions court and the High Court 83. Before wrapping up, it   is necessary to say something about the approach adopted by the Sessions Court and the High Court.   In cases of this nature   the   court is obliged to assess the evidence on the test of probability. Though wide discretion is given to the Court to consider the “matters before it”, such an evidence has to be sifted 44 carefully before recording satisfaction. It is not the quantum, but what   matters   is   the   quality.   Both   the   Courts   below   found   the evidence   of   P.Ws.   1   to   3   acceptable.   The   seriously   inherent contradictions in the statements made by them have not been duly taken note of by both the courts. When the offence is heinous, the Court   is   required   to   put   the   material   evidence   under   a   higher scrutiny. On a careful consideration of the reasoning of the Trial Court, as confirmed by the High Court, we find that sufficient care has not been taken in the assessment of the statements made by P.Ws. 1 to 3. No one spoke as to who sent the FIR to the court and when it was sent. Strangely even the copy of the post­mortem report was admittedly received by SHO on the 13.03.2012 though the post mortem was conducted on the 09.03.2012,. It was the same date on which the FIR reached the Court. These factors certainly create a strong suspicion on the story as projected by the prosecution, but both   the   Courts   have   overlooked   the   same   completely.   This erroneous approach on the part of the Sessions Court and the High Court has led to the appellant being ordained to be dispatched to the gallows. 45 Conclusion 84 . We cannot shy away from the fact that it is a ghastly case of rape  and   murder   of   a   6   year   old   child.   By   not   conducting  the investigation properly, the prosecution has done injustice to the family of the victim. By fixing culpability upon the appellant without any shred of evidence which will stand the scrutiny, the prosecution has done injustice to the appellant. Court cannot make someone, a victim of injustice, to compensate for the injustice to the victim of a crime. 85 . In fact this is a case where the appellant is so poor that he could not afford to engage a lawyer even in the Sessions Court. After his repeated requests to the Court of District and Sessions Judge, the service of an advocate was provided as  amicus . In cases of   such   nature,   the   responsibility   of   the   Court   becomes   more onerous.   When   we   analyse   the   evidence   with   such   a   sense   of responsibility, we are not convinced that the guilt of the appellant stood established beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, the appeals 46 are allowed  and  the  conviction  and  penalty  are  set  aside.    The appellant shall be released forthwith if not wanted in connection with any other case. …………………………….J. (S. Abdul Nazeer) …………………………….J. (A.S. Bopanna) …………………………….J. (V. Ramasubramanian) NEW DELHI SEPTEMBER  28, 2022 47