VIPAN KUMAR DHIR vs. THE STATE OF PUNJAB

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 04-10-2021

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.1161­1162   OF 2021 (ARISING OUT OF SLP (CRL.) NOS. 5404­5405 OF 2021)
Vipan Kumar Dhir..... Appellant(s)
VERSUS
State of Punjab and another..... Respondent(s)
JUDGMENT Surya Kant, J. Leave granted. 2. The challenge laid is to an order dated 28.01.2021 passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana whereby anticipatory bail has been granted to Respondent No.2 (hereafter ‘Respondent­Accused’), who is the   mother­in­law   of   the   deceased   and   is   charged   under   Sections 304B, 302 read with 120B of Indian Penal Code (for short “I.P.C.”).  3. The prosecution version in brief is that the appellant (hereafter ‘Complainant’), who is the father of the deceased, lodged an FIR dated 02.10.2017 against 7 accused persons, 4 of whom are members of the Signature Not Verified in­laws family of the deceased including the Respondent­Accused. The Digitally signed by Vishal Anand Date: 2021.10.04 18:17:50 IST Reason: Page | 1 Complainant has alleged that his daughter was married to the son of Respondent­accused on 28­07­2017.   Soon thereafter, the accused family members started to harass and physically torture the deceased on the pretext of dowry demands. His daughter died an unnatural death on 02­10­2017 in suspicious circumstances.  There are specific allegations vis­a­vis Respondent­Accused alleging that she exploited the deceased and deprived her of any chance to recuperate from the arduous domestic chores. This was despite the fact that deceased was also working as a full­time lecturer in the local government college. It was further alleged that due to non­fulfilment of the dowry demands, the vicious cycle of humiliation and abuse continued to be meted out to   the   deceased.   The   deceased   contacted   the   Complainant   on 30­09­2017 and informed that she had been again physically tortured because of her failure to meet their dowry demands. The Complainant assured that he would try to amicably settle this household squabble by coming to her marital home on the very next day. However, this assurance could never be materialised as the accused are alleged to have   clandestinely   administered   poison   to   the   deceased   on 01.10.2017,   which   led   to   her   unfortunate   demise   the   following morning. It is to be noted that the factum of poisoning is supported by medical evidence gathered by the Investigating Agency. Page | 2 4. Soon after the FIR was lodged, the Respondent­Accused moved an anticipatory bail application before the Sessions Court, which was rejected   on   21.12.2017.   Discontented,   the   Respondent­Accused approached the High Court for a similar relief, but the petition was dismissed as withdrawn on 08.03.2018. Meanwhile, on account of non­cooperation   with   the   ongoing   investigation,   the   SHO   of   the concerned police station applied for and got issued arrest warrants against the Respondent­Accused from Judicial Magistrate. However, the arrest warrant could not be executed as the Respondent­Accused had been on the run and she was thus declared an absconder on 23­ 04­2018  under   Section  82  of   the  Code  of  Criminal  Procedure   (for short, “Cr.P.C.”).  5. The Respondent­Accused continued to evade her arrest until this Court   granted   anticipatory   bail   to   her   younger   son   Daksh   Adya (brother­in­law   of   the   deceased)   on   22.10.2019.   Thereafter,   taking advantage of this subsequent event and presenting the same as a material   change   in   circumstance,   Respondent­Accused   filed   two petitions before the High Court, seeking quashing of the order that declared her a ‘proclaimed offender’ and further sought the relief of anticipatory bail.  Page | 3 6. It is  noted explicitly  that  during  the  pendency of the  above­ mentioned proceedings, the High Court granted interim bail to the Respondent­Accused on 03.12.2020 and pursuant thereto, she joined the investigation on 07.12.2020. Thereafter, vide the impugned order, High   Court   allowed   both   the   petitions   and   set   aside   the   order declaring the Respondent­Accused as an absconder and also granted her   anticipatory   bail.   These   reliefs   were   primarily   allowed   on   two grounds   ­   that   the   Respondent­Accused   had   joined   the firstly   investigation and undertook to remain present at each date of trial proceedings;   secondly   she was entitled to seek parity with the co­ accused Daksh Adya whom this Court granted anticipatory bail.  7. The aggrieved Complainant is before us, contending inter­alia, that the High Court has committed a grave error of law in over­looking the well­established principles which guide courts to exercise their discretion in the matter of granting anticipatory bail. Learned State Counsel has also supported the cause of Appellant­Complainant. 8. We have heard Learned Counsel for the parties at length and perused the relevant material placed on record. 9. At the outset, it would be fruitful to recapitulate the well­settled legal principle that the cancellation of bail is to be dealt on a different footing in comparison to a proceeding for grant of bail. It is necessary Page | 4 that   ‘cogent   and   overwhelming   reasons’   are   present   for   the cancellation   of   bail.   Conventionally,   there   can   be   supervening circumstances which may develop post the grant of bail and are non­ conducive to fair trial, making it necessary to cancel the bail. This 1 Court in   Daulat Ram and others vs. State of Haryana   observed that:
Rejection of bail in a non­bailable case at the initial
stage and the cancellation of bail so granted, have to
be considered and dealt with on different basis. Very
cogent and overwhelming circumstances are
necessary for an order directing the cancellation of the
bail, already granted. Generally speaking, the
grounds for cancellation of bail, broadly (illustrative
and not exhaustive) are: interference or attempt to
interfere with the due course of administration of
Justice or evasion or attempt to evade the due course
of justice or abuse of the concession granted to the
accused in any manner. The satisfaction of the court,
on the basis of material placed on the record of
thepossibility of the accused absconding is yet
another reason justifying the cancellation of bail.
However, bail once granted should not be cancelled in
a mechanical manner without considering whether
any supervening circumstances have rendered it no
longer conducive to a fair trial to allow the accused to
retain his freedom by enjoying the concession of bail
during the trial.”
  These   principles   have   been   reiterated   time   and   again,   more recently by a 3­judge Bench of this Court in  X vs. State of Telegana 2 and Another . 1  (1995) 1 SCC 349 at ¶ 4. 2  (2018) 16 SCC 511 at  ¶ 14­15. Page | 5 10. In addition to the caveat illustrated in the cited decision(s), bail can also be revoked where the court has considered irrelevant factors or has ignored relevant material available on record which renders the order   granting   bail   legally   untenable.   The   gravity   of   the   offence, conduct of the accused and societal impact of an undue indulgence by Court when the investigation is at the threshold, are also amongst a few situations, where a Superior Court can interfere in an order of bail to prevent the miscarriage of justice and to bolster the administration of criminal justice system.   This Court has repeatedly viewed that while   granting   bail,   especially   anticipatory   bail   which   is   per   se extraordinary in nature, the possibility of the accused to influence prosecution   witnesses,   threatening   the   family   members   of   the deceased, fleeing from justice or creating other impediments in the fair investigation, ought not to be overlooked.  11. Broadly speaking, each case has its own unique factual scenario which   holds   the   key   for   adjudication   of   bail   matters   including cancellation thereof. The offence alleged in the instant case is heinous and   protrudes   our   medieval   social   structure   which   still   wails   for reforms despite multiple efforts made by Legislation and Judiciary.    In   the   case   in   hand,   the   High   Court   seems   to   have   been 12. primarily swayed by the fact that the Respondent­Accused was ‘co­ Page | 6 operating’ with investigation. This is, however, contrary to the record as the Respondent­Accused remained absconding for more than two years after being declared a proclaimed offender on 23.04.2018. She chose to join investigation only after securing interim bail from the High Court. She kept on hiding from the Investigating Agency as well as Magistrate’s Court till she got protection against arrest from the nd High Court in the 2  round of bail proceedings. 13. Even if there was any procedural irregularity in declaring the Respondent­Accused   as   an   absconder,   that   by   itself   was   not   a justifiable ground to grant pre­arrest bail in a case of grave offence save where the High Court on perusal of case­diary and other material on record is, prima facie, satisfied that it is a case of false or over­ exaggerated accusation.  Such being not the case here, the High Court went   on   a   wrong   premise   in   granting   anticipatory   bail   to   the Respondent­Accused. 14. The ground of parity with co­accused Daksh Adya invoked by the High Court is equally unwarranted. The allegations in the FIR against the Respondent­Mother­in­Law and her younger son Daksh Adya are materially   different.   It   is   indubitable   that   some   of   the   allegations against   all   the   family   members   are   common   but   there   are   other specific allegations accusing the Respondent­Accused of playing a key role in the alleged offence. The conduct of the Respondent­Accused in Page | 7 absconding for more than two years without any justifiable reason should have weighed in mind while granting her any discretionary relief. These facts put her on a starkly different pedestal than the co­ accused with whom she seeks parity. We are, thus, of the considered view that the High Court has wrongly accorded the benefit of parity in favour of the Respondent­Accused.   It has to be borne in mind that the   deceased   met   with   a   tragic   end   within   three   months   of   her marriage. While it is too early to term it an offence under Sections 302 or 304B I.P.C., but the fact remains that a young life came to an abrupt   end   before   realizing   any   of   her   dreams   which   were   grimly shattered.   She died an unnatural death in her matrimonial home. The Respondent­Accused is the mother­in­law of the deceased.   The Investigating Agency, therefore, deserves a free hand to investigate the role of the Respondent­Accused, if any, in the unnatural and untimely death of her daughter in­law. 15. Learned   Senior   Counsel   for   the   Respondent­Accused   may   be right in contending that the Appellant­Complainant has widened the net and included even other than the family members of the in­laws of the deceased.  According to him, the entire version of the Appellant­ Complainant should be seen with suspicious eyes as he being a retired District   Attorney,   has   a   legally   trained   mind.   We   do   not   deem   it necessary to comment upon this contention at this stage.  Suffice to Page | 8 mention that the needle of suspicion revolves around only against the Respondent­Accused and her family members while at this stage the others have been found innocent by the investigating agency.  16. In   light   of   the   above   discussion   and   without   expressing   any views on merit, we set aside the impugned order of the High Court dated 28.01.2021 and direct the Respondent­Accused to surrender before the Trial Court within a period of one week. We make it clear that the observations made herein above are limited for the purposes of present proceedings and would not be construed as any opinion on the merits of the case. We also clarify that after the surrender, the Respondent­Accused   will   be   free   to   seek   regular   bail   before   the concerned Trial Court and any such prayer shall be decided as per law, without being influenced by this order.   The appeals are disposed of in the above terms. ..…………………….. CJI. (N.V. RAMANA) ………..………………… J. (SURYA KANT) ………..………………… J. (HIMA KOHLI) NEW DELHI DATED : 04.10.2021 Page | 9