SHANKAR SAKHARAM KENJALE(D) BY LRS. vs. NARAYAN KRISHNA GADE .

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 17-04-2020

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4594 OF 2010 SHANKAR SAKHARAM KENJALE (DIED)  THROUGH HIS LEGAL HEIRS          …APPELLANT(S)   VERSUS NARAYAN KRISHNA GADE AND ANOTHER  ...RESPONDENT(S) J  U  D  G  M  E  N T MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR, J. 1.          The instant appeal arises out of the judgment dated 08.06.2009 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Second Appeal No. 439 of 1987. Vide the impugned judgment, the High Court set aside the findings of the Trial Court and the First Appellate   Court   and   directed   the   Trial   Court   to   draw   a preliminary decree of redemption of mortgage in favour of the Signature Not Verified Respondents herein.  2.      The factual background to this appeal is as follows:  Digitally signed by GULSHAN KUMAR ARORA Date: 2020.05.20 15:33:46 IST Reason: 1 2.1      The land in question was Paragana watan property/Inam land ( hereinafter   ‘suit land’). Such watan properties and watans were governed by the provisions of the Bombay Hereditary Offices Act, 1874 ( hereinafter ‘ Watan Act’). Smt. Laxmibai, wife of one Bhawani Raje Ghadge, was the watandar of the suit land. She had inducted one Mr. Ramchandra (successor of the Respondents herein) as a permanent Mirashi tenant of the land. Such tenancy was hereditary in nature. 2.2             On   14.05.1947,   the   said   Ramchandra   ( hereinafter ‘Mirashi tenant—mortgagor’) executed a mortgage deed in favour of   one   Shankar   Sakharam   Kenjale   ( hereinafter   ‘mortgagee’) mortgaging the suit land with a condition of sale for an amount of Rs.   900/­   advanced   by   Shankar   Kenjale   for   the   purpose   of Ramchandra’s household and personal sundry expenses. Per the terms of this deed, a period of ten years was envisaged for the repayment of the mortgage money and the mortgagee was placed in possession of the suit land.   2.3       Meanwhile, the Bombay Paragana and Kulkarni Watans (Abolition) Act, 1950 ( hereinafter   ‘the Abolition Act’) came into force with effect from 25.01.1951 with a view to abolish Paragana and Kulkarni watans and to make provision for the performance of functions of some of these offices. Under this Act, Paragana 2 and   Kulkarni   watans   were   abolished   and   watan   lands   were resumed to the Government, subject to Section 4. It is needless to observe   that   the   suit   land,   being   watan   property,   was   also resumed   to   the   Government   subject   to   Section   4,   which empowered the holder of the watan to seek re­grant of the land upon payment of the requisite occupancy price within prescribed period.  2.4       Notably, the original watandar did not seek re­grant of the suit land. However, relying on a Government Resolution dated 17.05.1956 (not placed on record) permitting persons in actual possession of the watan lands to seek re­grant, the mortgagee (successor of the Appellants herein) paid the requisite occupancy price and obtained a re­grant of the suit land in his favour in the year 1960.  2.5        The Respondents herein (successors of the mortgagor) then  filed   a   suit   for   redemption   of   mortgage   against   Shankar Sakharam Kenjale (mortgagee) in Regular Civil Suit No. 190 of 1978   before   the   Civil   Judge,   Junior   Division,   Vaduj.   It   was contended that they had requested the mortgagee to accept the mortgage money and reconvey the land, but he had failed to do so. Vide judgment dated 09.12.1983, this suit was dismissed. It was observed that the deed dated 14.05.1947 was in the nature 3 of   a   mortgage   by   conditional   sale   and   not   an   outright   sale. Further,   it   was   found   that   with   the   coming   into   force   of   the Abolition Act and the failure of the original watandar and the Mirashi tenant––mortgagor to secure a re­grant of the suit land, the   said   land   stood   resumed   to   the   Government   and   the relationship of mortgagor­mortgagee between the parties ceased to exist. In light of this, it was held that the mortgagor’s right of redemption had also extinguished and the subsequent re­grant in favour of the mortgagee could not be seen as one   on behalf of the mortgagor so as to pass on the benefits of the same to him.  2.6       The Respondents herein then preferred an appeal before the District Judge, Satara in Civil Appeal No. 25 of 1984. On 24.03.1987,   this   appeal   was   dismissed.   The   District   Court reiterated the reasoning of the Trial Court that by virtue of the failure of   the   watandar   and   the   Mirashi   tenant—mortgagor  to obtain a re­grant of the suit land in their favour, the said land had been resumed to the Government under the Abolition Act, thereby ending the mortgagor­mortgagee relationship between the parties. Thus, in light of the subsequent re­grant made to the mortgagee,   it   was   found   that   the   Mirashi   tenant––mortgagor’s right to redeem shall be deemed to have been extinguished. 4 2.7       Aggrieved, the Respondents filed a second appeal before the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Second Appeal No. 439   of   1987.   Vide   the   impugned   judgment,   the   concurrent conclusions of the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court were set aside and the suit for redemption was decreed. This was done on the basis that  but for  the mortgage, the mortgagee would not have been in possession of the suit land and could not have obtained the            re­grant order in his favour. Given that such re­grant was premised on the  underlying  mortgagor­mortgagee relationship,   it   was   held   that   the   benefit   obtained   by   the mortgagee by virtue of such            re­grant must accrue to the Mirashi tenant––mortgagor. In this respect, reliance was placed on  Section   90   of   the   Indian   Trusts   Act,   1882   as   well   as   the decisions of this Court in   Jayasingh Dnyanu Mhoprekar and Another   v.   Krishna Babaji Patil and Another , (1985) 4 SCC 162, and   Namdev Shripati Nale   v.   Bapu Ganapati Jagtap ,   (1997) 5 SCC 185. It is against this judgment that and Another the Appellants have come in appeal before this Court.  3.       Heard the Counsel for the parties.  4.             Learned   Counsel   for   the   Appellants   relied   on   the decisions   of   this   Court   in   Collector   of   South   Satara   and 5 Another  v.  Laxman Mahadev Deshpande and Others , (1964) 2 SCR 48, and  Malikarjunappa Basavalingappa Mamle Desai  v. , (1973) 3 SCC 180, to argue that once Siddalingappa & Others the Abolition Act came into force, the suit land vested with the Government and after its re­grant to the mortgagee, he became the   absolute   owner   of   the   land   and   all   rights   of   the   Mirashi tenant––mortgagor, including the right to redemption, came to an end.  5.        Per contra, learned counsel for the Respondents relied on   Section   90   of   the   Indian   Trust   Act,   1882   as   well   as   the decisions of this Court in  (supra) Jayasingh Dnyanu Mhoprekar  and   Namdev Shripati Nale   (supra) to contend that the benefit obtained by the mortgagee by virtue of the re­grant must accrue to the Mirashi tenant––mortgagor. He also drew our attention to the proviso to Section 3 of the Abolition Act coupled with certain provisions   of   the   Watan   Act   to   argue   that   the   rights   of Ramchandra as a Mirashi tenant survived the resumption of land to the Government under the Abolition Act, and therefore his rights as a mortgagor (including the right to redemption) also continued to survive despite the                   re­grant in favour of the mortgagee.  6 6.        Upon perusing the record and hearing the arguments advanced by the parties, we find that the central issue arising for our consideration in this appeal is as follows:            Whether the permanent Mirashi tenant—mortgagor’s (Respondents) right of redemption ceased to exist by virtue of the resumption   of   the   suit   land   under   the   Abolition   Act   and   its subsequent re­grant in favour of the mortgagee (Appellants)? 7.       As mentioned supra, it is not disputed that Ramchandra was a permanent Mirashi tenant of the watandar of the suit land. Admittedly, such lease was subsisting as on 25.01.1951, i.e., the day on which the Abolition Act came into force.  8.            At this juncture, it may be relevant to note certain provisions of the Abolition Act as well as the Watan Act: “ Section   3. Abolition   of   certain   watans   together with the right to office and incidents .—With effect from   and   on   the   appointed   day,   notwithstanding anything   contained   in   any   law,   usage,   settlement, grant, sanad or order— (1) all Parganas and Kulkarni watans shall be deemed to have been abolished; (2) all rights to hold office and any liability to render service   appertaining   to   the   said   watans   are   hereby extinguished; (3) subject  to the  provisions  of   Section 4,  all watan land is hereby resumed and shall be deemed to be subject   to   the   payment   of   land   revenue   under   the 7
provisions of the Code and the rules made thereunder<br>as if it were an unalienated land:
Provided that such resumption shall not affect the<br>validity of any alienation of such watan land made in
accordance with the provisions of Section 5 of the
Watan Act or the rights of an alienee thereof or any
person claiming under or through him;
(4) all incidents appertaining to the said watans are<br>hereby extinguished.”
(emphasis supplied)
Additionally, Section 5 of the Watan Act is notable:
“Section 5. Prohibition of alienation of watan and<br>watan rights.—(1) Without the sanction of [the [State]<br>Government], [or in the case of a mortgage, charge,<br>alienation, or lease of not more than thirty years, of the<br>Commissioner] it shall not be competent­
(a) to a watandar to mortgage, charge, alienate or<br>lease, for a period beyond the term of his natural life,<br>any watan, or any part thereof, or any interest therein,<br>to or for the benefit of any person who is not a<br>watandar of the same watan;
(b) to a representative watandar to mortgage,<br>charge, lease or alienate any right with which he is<br>invested, as such, under this Act.
(2) In the case of any watan in respect of which a<br>service commutation settlement has been effected,<br>either under section 15 or before that section came<br>into force, clause (a) of this section shall apply to such<br>watan, unless the right of alienating the watan without<br>the sanction of [the [State] Government] is conferred<br>upon the watandars by the terms of such settlement or<br>has been acquired by them under the said terms.
8 It is also relevant to note Section 8 of the Abolition Act: “ Section   8.   Application   of   Bombay   Tenancy   and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. ––– If any watan land has been lawfully leased and such lease   is   subsisting   on   the   appointed   day,   the provisions   of   the   Bombay   Tenancy   and   Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, shall apply to the said lease and the rights and liabilities of the holder of such land and his tenant or tenants shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be governed by the provisions of the said Act.  Explanation.­   For   the   purposes   of   this   section   the expression ‘land’ shall have the same meaning as is assigned to it in the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948.”            From a reading of the proviso to Section 3(3) of the Abolition Act , it is clear that the resumption of watan land to the Government under the  Abolition Act  does not affect the rights of an alienee of the watandar or his representative of such land under the Watan Act or that of any person claiming through or under   him.   Further,   in   respect   of   watan   land   that   has   been lawfully leased and wherein the lease is subsisting on the day appointed for the coming into force of the Abolition Act,  Section 8 of the Abolition Act accords primacy to the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 ( hereinafter   ‘Bombay Tenancy 9 Act’) in governing the rights and liabilities of the holder of such land and his tenant(s).  9.       In light of this, when we turn to the facts of the present case, we find that the rights of Ramchandra, who was a lawful permanent Mirashi tenant, survive resumption of the suit land to the Government by virtue of the proviso to Section 3(3) as well as Section 8 of the Abolition Act. This is because the tenancy created in favour of the Mirashi tenant subsisted as on the day on which the   Abolition   Act   came   into   force,   thereby   implying   that   his tenancy rights were protected and continued to be governed by the Bombay Tenancy Act  the introduction of the Abolition despite  Act. This is well­aligned with the general primacy accorded to tenancy laws over other legislations, as is also reflected in Section 8 of the Abolition Act. Thus, it is amply clear that the rights of permanent tenants over watan lands were intended to subsist even after the coming into force of the Abolition Act. 10.       At this juncture, it may be useful to note certain other provisions of the Abolition Act, which are as follows: .— “Section 4. Holder of watan land to be occupant (1) A watan land resumed under the provisions of this Act shall subject to the provisions of Section 4­A, be regranted   to   the   holder   of   the   watan   to   which   it appertained, on payment of the occupancy price equal 10
to twelve times of the amount of the full assessment of<br>such land within five years from the date of the coming<br>into force of this Act and the holder shall be deemed to<br>be an occupant within the meaning of the Code in<br>respect of such land and shall primarily be liable to<br>pay land revenue to the State Government in<br>accordance with the provisions of the Code and the<br>rules made thereunder; all the provisions of the Code<br>and rules relating to unalienated land shall, subject to<br>the provisions of this Act, apply to the said land:
Provided that in respect of the watan land which<br>has not been assigned towards the emoluments of the<br>officiator, occupancy price equal to six times of the<br>amount of the full assessment of such land shall be<br>paid by the holder of the land for its regrant:
Provided further that if the holder fails to pay the<br>occupancy price within the period of five years as<br>provided in this section, he shall be deemed to be<br>unauthorisedly occupying the land and shall be liable<br>to be summarily ejected in accordance with the<br>provisions of the Code.
(2) The occupancy of the land regranted under sub­<br>section (1) shall not be transferable or partible by<br>metes and bounds without the previous sanction of the<br>Collector and except on payment of such amount as<br>the State Government may by general or special order<br>determine.
(3) Nothing in sub­sections (1) and (2) shall apply to<br>any land—
(a) the commutation settlement in respect of which<br>provides expressly that the land appertaining to the<br>watan shall be alienable without the sanction of the<br>State Government; or
11
(b) which has been validly alienated with the<br>sanction of the State Government under Section 5<br>of the Watan Act.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section the<br>expression ‘holder’ shall include—
(i) all persons who on the appointed day are the<br>watandars of the same watan to which the land<br>appertained, and
(ii) in the case of a watan the commutation settlement<br>in respect of which permits the transfer of the land<br>appertaining thereto, a person in whom the ownership<br>of such land for the time being vests.”
      The above provisions indicate that, with the coming into force of the Abolition Act, watans were abolished and all watan lands vested absolutely with the Government, subject to Section 4. Under Section 4(1), ‘holders’ of the watans were allowed to pay a   certain   occupancy   price   within   five   years   from   the   date   of coming into force of the Act and obtain a re­grant of the land. However, according to the second proviso to Section 4(1) of the Abolition Act, if the holder failed to pay such occupancy price within   the   five­year   period,   he   would   be   deemed   to   be   in unauthorised occupation of the land and would be liable to be summarily ejected in accordance with the Bombay Land Revenue Code, 1879.   12 11.            Notably, as mentioned supra, the watandar in the instant case did not exercise her right to seek re­grant of the land under   Section   4(1)   of   the   Abolition   Act.   It   seems,   the   State Government passed orders in G.R.R.D. No. PKA­1056­IV­L dated May 3, 1957 and G.R.R.D. No. 2760­III­48820­L dated November 23, 1960 to grant the lands in favour of persons who were in actual possession. By virtue of the aforesaid orders, wherever the holder   or   watandar   had   failed   to  pay   the   occupancy   price   as required by Section 4(1) of the Act before the prescribed period, the lands in question be granted in favour of permanent Mirashi tenants who were in actual possession of lands.  But the Mirashi tenant in this matter, namely, Ramchandra did not apply for re­ grant   pursuant   to   the   said   orders.   On   the   other   hand,   the mortgagee applied for re­grant, though he was not a permanent Mirashi tenant. 12.             By   an   order   dated   23.11.1960,   the   mortgagee (represented by the Appellants herein) obtained a re­grant of the suit land upon paying the requisite occupancy price. It is claimed that this was done on the basis of a Government Resolution dated 17.05.1956 permitting persons in actual possession of the watan lands   to   seek   re­grant.   Notably,   this   Government   Resolution 13 dated 17.05.1956 has not been placed on record and nor has it been considered by the three Courts. We hasten to note that the effect   of   the   Government   Orders   dated   03.05.1957   and 23.11.1960, mentioned supra, was considered by this Court in para   5   of   the   judgment   in   Jayasingh   Dnyanu   Mhoprekar (supra).  But the Government Resolution dated 17.05.1956 is not considered by this Court earlier.  Be that as it may, it is not in dispute   that   a   re­grant   order   was   made   in   favour   of   the Appellants’   predecessor   and   has   not   been   questioned subsequently. Thus, proceeding on the basis that the Government Resolution dated 17.05.1956 existed and the re­grant was made in favour of the mortgagee,  we find that the central question to be considered here is the  effect  of such re­grant on the rights of the Mirashi tenant––mortgagor.  13.       In our considered opinion, the failure on the part of the mortgagor to pay the occupancy price and seek a re­grant is not fatal to his rights as a Mirashi tenant as the tenancy in his favour continued to subsist  despite  the introduction of the Abolition Act, as detailed in our discussion above. Consequently, the mortgage executed by him also survived the resumption of the suit land under   the   Abolition   Act,   and   it   cannot   be   said   that   the 14 relationship of mortgagor­mortgagee between the parties ceased to exist by virtue of such Act.  14.        It is well­settled that the right of redemption under a mortgage deed can come to an end or be extinguished only by a process known to law, i.e., either by way of a contract between the parties to such effect, by a merger, or by a statutory provision that debars the mortgagor from redeeming the mortgage. In other words,   a   mortgagee   who   has   entered   into   possession   of   the mortgaged property will have to give up such possession when a suit for redemption is filed, unless he is able to establish that the right of redemption has come to an end as per law. This emanates from   the   legal   principle   applicable   to   all   mortgages   – “ Once   a mortgage, always a mortgage ”.  15.             In   the   present   case,   it   is   clear   that   none   of   the aforementioned   conditions   in   which   the   right   of   redemption comes to an end exist with respect to the mortgage deed dated 14.05.1947. As regards the impact of the re­grant on such right of redemption, it must be noted that such re­grant in favour of the mortgagee could not have been made   the fact that he was but for in actual possession of the property by virtue of his position as a possessory mortgagee. There is no doubt that had the Mirashi tenant––mortgagor  applied   for  a  re­grant,  the   suit  land   would 15 have   certainly   been   granted   in   his   favour,   as   the   rights   of permanent tenants in watan lands were allowed to subsist even after the coming into force of the Abolition Act. Thus, in our considered opinion, the re­grant to the Appellants’ predecessor based on actual possession as mortgagee cannot be divorced from the existence of the underlying mortgagor­mortgagee relationship between   the   parties.   Therefore,   any   benefit   accruing   to   the mortgagee   must   necessarily   ensue   to   the   Mirashi   tenant–– mortgagor.  16.        In this regard, it is apposite to note Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882, which reads as under:  “   Section 90. Advantage gained by qualified owner.— Where a tenant for life, co­owner, mortgagee or other qualified owner of any property, by availing himself of his position as such, gains an advantage in derogation of  the   rights   of   the  other   persons   interested   in  the property, or where any such owner, as representing all persons   interested   in   such   property,   gains   any advantage, he must hold, for the benefit of all persons so interested, the advantage so gained, but subject to repayment by such persons of their due share of the expenses properly incurred, and to an indemnity by the   same   persons   against   liabilities   properly contracted, in gaining such advantage.”            A bare reading of this provision indicates that if a mortgagee, by availing himself of his position as a mortgagee, gains an advantage which would be in derogation of the right of 16 the mortgagor, he must hold such advantage for the benefit of the mortgagor. 17.             In   the   instant   case,   we   find   that   the   conditions stipulated under Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 are satisfied. As mentioned supra, the mortgagee could only obtain the re­grant in his favour by availing himself of his position as a mortgagee, as such re­grant is traceable to the possession of the land accorded to him by virtue of the mortgage deed. Further, the said   re­grant   was   certainly   in   derogation   of   the   rights   of   the mortgagor who was the permanent Mirashi tenant and thereby protected by virtue of the subsisting tenancy. The fact that the lessor/Mirashi tenant Ramachandra did not claim re­grant is not relevant inasmuch the right of redemption of a mortgagor is not extinguished   by   virtue   of   re­grant   in   favour   of   the   original defendant inasmuch as the                    re­grant was obtained and   the   property   was   held   by   the   original   defendant   for   the benefit of the mortgagors. Re­grant made in favour of the original defendant is an advantage traceable to the possession of the suit property obtained by him under the mortgage and the said re­ grant   certainly   subserves   the   right   of   mortgagor   who   was   a Mirashi tenant in respect of the suit property.   As mentioned 17 earlier, Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 casts a clear obligation on the mortgagee to hold any right acquired by him in the mortgaged property for the benefit of the mortgagor, as he is seen   to   be   acting   in   a   fiduciary   capacity   in   respect   of   such transactions. Therefore, the advantage derived by the Appellants (mortgagee) by way of the re­grant must be surrendered to the benefit of the Respondents (Mirashi tenant––mortgagor), subject to the payment of the expenses incurred by them in securing the re­grant. This is because the Mirashi tenant—mortgagors’ right to redeem the mortgage was not extinguished but was protected by virtue of the Abolition Act as well as under the provisions of the Bombay   Tenancy   and   Agricultural   Lands   Act,   1948;   in   other words, the tenancy in his favour continued to subsist. 18.        This is also supported by the decision of this Court in (supra)   where   in   a   similar Jayasingh   Dnyanu   Mhoprekar   factual   scenario   of   the   mortgagee   obtaining   a   re­grant   in derogation   of   the   right   of   the   mortgagor–Mirashi   tenant,   this Court held as follows:  “9. ……. It is seen that the mortgagees obtained the grant   in   their   favour   by   making   an   incorrect representation   to   the   Government   that   they   were permanent Mirashi tenants although they were only mortgagees. Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 18 clearly casts an obligation on a mortgagee to hold the rights acquired by him in the mortgaged property for the benefit of the mortgagor in such circumstances as the   mortgagee  is  virtually  in  a fiduciary   position  in respect of the rights so acquired and he cannot be allowed to make a profit out of the transaction. The defendants   are,   therefore,   liable   to   surrender   the advantage they have derived under the grant in favour of the plaintiffs even if the order of grant has become final before the Revenue Authorities, of course, subject to the payment of the expenses incurred by them in securing the grant. The decree of the first appellate court accordingly has directed that Rs 182.41 should be paid by the plaintiffs to the defendants along with the mortgage money.” 19.        In  Namdev Shripati Nale  (supra), while dealing with the applicability of Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882, this Court observed as follows: “6.   …....The   first   respondent­mortgagee   failed   to comply   with   the   aforesaid   statutory   obligation.   He committed   a   wrong   or   a   default.   Whether   the default/wrong   committed   has   as   its   basis   a contractual obligation or a statutory obligation, makes no   difference.   He   was   taken   to   be   a   tenant   by   the authorities, which enabled him to get the regrant in his favour. That was only because the first respondent, as a possessory mortgagee, was in possession of the property.   He   took   advantage   of   his   position   as   a possessory mortgagee. In so doing he faulted. So, on facts,   it   is   clear   that   the   first   respondent   obtained regrant in his favour or obtained an advantage in his favour,   by   availing   himself   of   his   position   as   a 19 mortgagee. In law, the advantage obtained by the first respondent, the qualified owner, must be held to be for the benefit of the persons interested — the mortgagor­ appellant. We are of the view that in the totality of the facts and circumstances, the provisions of Section 90 of   the   Indian   Trusts   Act   are   attracted.   The   first respondent­mortgagee gained an advantage by availing himself of his position as a possessory mortgagee and obtained   the   regrant.   This   he   did   by   committing   a wrong.   He   committed   a   default   in   not   paying   the occupancy price within the time limited by law for and on behalf of the mortgagor. The regrant was obtained in his name by posing himself as a tenant, which was possible only because he was in possession of the land (as a possessory mortgagee). The advantage so gained by   him   in   derogation   of   the   right   of   the   mortgagor should attract the penal consequences of Section 90 of the   Indian   Trusts   Act.   We   hold   that   the   default committed   by   a   possessory   mortgagee,   in   the performance of a statutory obligation or a contractual obligation, which entails a sale or forfeiture of right in the   property   to   the   mortgagor,   will   attract   the provisions of Section 90 of the Indian Trusts Act. In such   cases   any   benefit   obtained   by   the   qualified owner, the mortgagee, will enure to or for the benefit of the   mortgagor.   The   right   to   redeem   will   subsist notwithstanding any sale or forfeiture of the right of the mortgagor. We are of the view that the law on this point has been laid down with admirable clarity by this Court   in  Mritunjoy   Pani  v.  Narmanda   Bala Sasmal  [(1962) 1 SCR 290 : AIR 1961 SC 1353] and by K.K. Mathew, J. (as his Lordship then was) in  Nabia Yathu Ummal  v.  Mohd. Mytheen  [1963 KLJ 1177 : AIR 1964 Ker 225] . The said decisions have our respectful concurrence.” 20 (emphasis supplied) 20. The facts in the case of  (supra) Collector of South Satara  and the case of  Malikarjunappa Basavalingappa Mamle Desai (supra) were totally different and these cases were dealing with a different point.   The litigation in these cases was not related to the rights of a permanent tenant under watandar. So also, the point involved therein was not related to the effect of the order of re­grant made in favour of the mortgagee. Therefore, we are of the considered   opinion   that   the   dictum   laid   down   in   the aforementioned judgments is not applicable to the facts of the case at hand. 21.   On other hand, in our considered opinion, the question involved   in   the   present   litigation   is   squarely   covered   by   the judgments   in   and   Jayasingh   Dnyanu   Mhoprekar   Namdev Shripati Nale  (supra). 22.         In view of the foregoing, we hold that the High Court was justified in decreeing the suit filed by the Respondents herein and setting aside the judgments of the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court. We do not find any reason to interfere with the impugned judgment. Accordingly, the instant appeal is dismissed. 21 …..…………................................J. (MOHAN M. SHANTANAGOUDAR) .……………………………...............J.       (R. SUBHASH REDDY) New Delhi; April 17, 2020 22