SEPCO ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION vs. POWER MECH PROJECTS LTD.

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 19-09-2022

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Full Judgment Text

     REPORTABLE  IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISIDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.                   OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No. 4511 of 2021) Sepco Electric Power Construction Corporation ….Appellant Versus Power Mech Projects Ltd.            ….Respondent WITH   CIVIL APPEAL NO                              OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No. 5322 of 2021) J U D G M E N T Indira Banerjee, J. Leave granted. 2.  The   Appellant,   an   entity   incorporated   in   China   was   awarded contracts in relation to various coal based power projects in India and the Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by GEETA AHUJA Date: 2022.09.19 17:18:01 IST Reason: Respondent,  a  company  incorporated in  India  was engaged  as a  sub­ contractor   of   the   Appellant.   Disputes   and   differences   between   the 1 Respondent and the Appellant were referred to Arbitration. Suffice it to th mention that the Arbitration culminated in an Award dated 17  October 2017 of approximately Rs. 1,42,00,00,000/­ (Rupees One Hundred and Forty Two Crores) in favour of the Respondent.  rd 3. On 3   December 2017, the Appellant filed an application under Section   34   of   the   Arbitration   and   Conciliation   Act,   1996   (hereinafter referred to as the "Arbitration Act") being O.M.P. (COMM) No. 432 of 2017 th challenging the Arbitral Award dated 17  October 2017 in the Commercial Division of the Delhi High Court, which is pending.  rd 4. On the same day, that is, 3  December 2017, the Appellant filed an interim   application   being   I.A.   No.   14342   of   2017   in   the   said   O.M.P. (COMM) No.432 of 2017 under Section 36(2) of the Arbitration Act seeking stay of the arbitral award.  th 5. After about a week, on 11  December 2017, the Respondent filed an application under Section 9 of the Arbitration Act being O.M.P. (I) (COMM) No.   523   of   2017   in   the   High   Court,   inter  alia,   seeking   orders   on   the Appellant to furnish security against the amount awarded by the Arbitral Tribunal. th 6. On   14   December   2017,   the   High   Court   issued   notice   in   the application filed by the Respondent under Section 9 of the Arbitration Act and directed the Appellant to file an affidavit of assets. In compliance with 2 th the order dated 14  December 2017, the Appellant submitted its affidavit giving details of its assets. th 7. On or about 10   May 2018, the Respondent filed an application being I.A. No. 6704 of 2018 praying for deposit of the entire amount due from   Talwandi   Sabo   Power   Corporation   Limited   (TSPL).   The   said th   application was disposed of by an order dated 15 May 2018 with the observation that the Court did not see sufficient cause to allow the prayers made by the Respondent. th 8. By   an   order   dated   24   July   2018,   the   High   Court   directed   the Appellant   to   disclose   better   particulars   of   its   assets   in   India.   In   the meanwhile, the Appellant was directed to deposit 10% of the amount in its bank accounts, which is referred to in its affidavit of assets in the High Court at intervals of every 15 days. th 9. Pursuant to the aforesaid order dated 24  July 2018, the Appellant th filed its supplementary affidavit of assets. Two days later, on 20  August 2018, the Respondent filed an application being I.A. No. 11128 of 2018 for directions   on   the   Respondent   to   deposit   the   awarded   amount   of   Rs. 142,41,14,499/­   (Rupees   One   Hundred   Forty­Two   Crores,   Forty   One Lakhs, Fourteen Thousand, Four Hundred Ninety­Nine Only) along with interest @ 12% per annum from the date of the award till realisation of the awarded amount in the High Court. 3 th 10. Diverse interim applications were filed from time to time. On 20 March 2019, the Respondent filed another application being IA No.4259 of 2019,   seeking   orders   for   deposit   of   the   awarded   amount   of   Rs. 142,41,14,499/­ along with interest. th 11. By a judgment and order dated 17  February 2020, a Single Judge of the High Court disposed of the application filed by the Respondent under Section 9 of the Arbitration Act being O.M.P (I) (COMM) No.523 of 2017 along with connected interim applications. The operative part of the th judgment and order dated 17  February 2020 is set out hereinbelow:­ "32. While it is true that in some of the orders shown by the learned senior counsel for the petitioner, co­ordinate Benches of this Court have   been   directing   a   deposit   of   50%,   but   going   by   the   recent judgments of the Supreme Court as well as the facts of the present case, I am of the opinion that the petitioner must deposit 100% of the awarded amount of Rs.142 Crores (principal amount) to secure the respondent. 33. Since the petitioner has already furnished BG of Rs.30 Crores and has deposited a further amount of Rs.2.74 Crores, the said amount would be adjusted and the balance amount from Rs.142 Crores will be deposited by the petitioner with the Registry of this Court within a period of four weeks from today. With the aforesaid directions, the present petition is hereby disposed of along with all the pending applications." th 12. On that same day, that is, 17   February 2020, the Single Bench passed another order directing notice be issued on respondents on the application of the Appellant under Section 36(2) of the Arbitration Act for stay of the award. The Court directed that, on deposit of Rs.142 Crores, as earlier directed in the application of the Respondent under Section 9 of the 4 th Arbitration Act, within four weeks, the enforcement of the award dated 17 October 2017 would remain stayed. 13. Mr.   K.   V.   Viswanathan,   appearing   on   behalf   of   the   Appellant submitted that the Appellant’s application for stay under Section 36(2) of the   Arbitration   Act   had   been   filed   before   the   Respondent   filed   its application   for   interim   relief   under   Section   9   of   the   said   Act.   The application of the Appellant having been filed earlier, orders ought not to have been passed on the application of the Respondent for interim relief, without first considering the Appellant’s application for stay. 14. Mr. Viswanathan pointed out that the High Court had, by clubbing the   order   in   the   Appellant’s   application   under   Section   36(2)   of   the Arbitration Act, with the order in the application of the Respondent under Section 9 of the said Act, deprived the Appellant of its legal remedy of appeal against any order passed under Section 9, since an order under Section 36 is not appealable.  Had the later application filed under Section 9 not been clubbed with the earlier application filed by the Appellant under Section 36(2), the Appellant could have filed an intra court appeal from the order under Section 9 of the Arbitration Act. 15. Mr. Viswanathan argued that sub­section (3) of Section 36 enables the  court  to grant  stay  of  operation of  the  Award. The  Court  cannot, however, stay an award for the asking. An award can only be stayed for 5 reasons to be recorded in writing. Moreover, for grant of stay in the case of an arbitral award for payment of money, the Court is to have due regard to the provisions for grant of stay in a money decree under the provision of the CPC. 16. The power under sub­section (3) of Section 36 to grant stay of an award is coupled with the duty to impose conditions which could include the condition of securing the award by deposit in Court, of the amount of the Award. It may be true as argued by Mr. Vishwanathan that the Court may not impose condition for stay, if it deems appropriate not to do so. The   power   of   Court   to   grant   unconditional   stay   of   an   Award   is   not unfettered. The power of unconditional stay is subject to the condition in the second proviso that is:­ The Court is satisfied that a  prima facie  is made out that ­
(i) the arbitration agreement or contract which is the<br>basis of the award; or
(ii) the making of the award, was induced or effected by<br>fraud or corruption.
17. Mr. Viswanathan submitted that while the grant for stay may be discretionary but the exercise of such power is mandatory. The exercise of 6 discretion requires  ex facie  consideration of the merits of the challenge and therefore a review of the award which regrettably has not been done. 18. The Appellant has unsuccessfully made an attempt to evaluate the impugned   award   to   demonstrate   that   the   award   is   against   the fundamental   policy   of   India.   It   is   contended   that   no   documents   were produced during the arbitration proceedings. It is not for this Court to sit in appeal over the impugned award at this stage while deciding an appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution of India and examine the adequacy of the evidence before the Arbitral Tribunal. 19. Section 36 of the Arbitration Act Provides:­
(2) Where an application to set aside the arbitral<br>award has been filed in the court under Section 34, the filing of<br>such an application shall not by itself render that award<br>unenforceable, unless the court grants an order of stay of the<br>operation of the said arbitral award in accordance with the<br>provisions of sub­section (3), on a separate application made for<br>that purpose.
(3) Upon filing of an application under sub section (2)<br>for stay of the operation of the arbitral award, the court may,<br>subject to such conditions as it may deem fit, grant stay of the<br>operation of such award for reasons to be recorded in writing:
Provided that the court shall, while considering the application for<br>grant of stay in the case of an arbitral award for payment of money,<br>have due regard to the provisions for grant of stay of a money<br>decree under the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5<br>of 1908).
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Provided further that where the Court is satisfied that a prima facie<br>case is made out that,—<br>(a) the arbitration agreement or contract which is the basis of the<br>award; or<br>(b) the making of the award,<br>was induced or effected by fraud or corruption, it shall stay the<br>award unconditionally pending disposal of the challenge under<br>Section 34 to the award.<br>Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that<br>the above proviso shall apply to all court cases arising out of or in<br>relation to arbitral proceedings, irrespective of whether the arbitral<br>or court proceedings were commenced prior to or after the<br>commencement of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act,<br>2015."Provided further that where the Court is satisfied that a prima facie<br>case is made out that,—
(a) the arbitration agreement or contract which is the basis of the<br>award; or
(b) the making of the award,
was induced or effected by fraud or corruption, it shall stay the<br>award unconditionally pending disposal of the challenge under<br>Section 34 to the award.
Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that<br>the above proviso shall apply to all court cases arising out of or in<br>relation to arbitral proceedings, irrespective of whether the arbitral<br>or court proceedings were commenced prior to or after the<br>commencement of the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act,<br>2015."
20. On the other hand, Section 9 of the Act provides the amendment as<br>follows:­
"9. Interim measures, etc. by Court. (1) A party may, before or during<br>—<br>arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the arbitral<br>award but before it is enforced in accordance with Section 36, apply<br>to a Court:—<br>(i) for the appointment of a guardian for a minor or a person of<br>unsound mind for the purposes of arbitral proceedings; or<br>(ii) for an interim measure of protection in respect of any of the<br>following matters, namely:—<br>(a) the preservation, interim custody or sale of any goods which are<br>the subject­matter of the arbitration agreement:<br>(b) securing the amount in dispute in the arbitration:<br>(c) the detention, preservation or inspection of any property or thing<br>which is the subject­matter of the dispute in arbitration, or as to<br>which any question may arise therein and authorising for any<br>of the aforesaid purposes any person to enter upon any land or<br>building in the possession of any party, or authorising any<br>samples to be taken or any observation to be made, or<br>experiment to be tried, which may be necessary or expedient for<br>the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence;<br>(d) interim injunction or the appointment of a receiver;<br>(e) such other interim measure of protection as may appear to the<br>Court to be just and convenient, and the Court shall have the"9. Interim measures, etc. by Court. (1) A party may, before or during<br>—<br>arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the arbitral<br>award but before it is enforced in accordance with Section 36, apply<br>to a Court:—
(i) for the appointment of a guardian for a minor or a person of<br>unsound mind for the purposes of arbitral proceedings; or
(ii) for an interim measure of protection in respect of any of the<br>following matters, namely:—
(a) the preservation, interim custody or sale of any goods which are<br>the subject­matter of the arbitration agreement:
(b) securing the amount in dispute in the arbitration:
(c) the detention, preservation or inspection of any property or thing<br>which is the subject­matter of the dispute in arbitration, or as to<br>which any question may arise therein and authorising for any<br>of the aforesaid purposes any person to enter upon any land or<br>building in the possession of any party, or authorising any<br>samples to be taken or any observation to be made, or<br>experiment to be tried, which may be necessary or expedient for<br>the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence;
(d) interim injunction or the appointment of a receiver;
(e) such other interim measure of protection as may appear to the<br>Court to be just and convenient, and the Court shall have the
"9. Interim measures, etc. by Court.
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same power for making orders as it has for the purpose of, and<br>in relation to, any proceedings before it.
(2) Where, before the commencement of the arbitral proceedings, a court<br>passes an order for any interim measure of protection under sub­<br>section (1), the arbitral proceedings shall be commenced within a<br>period of ninety days from the date of such order or within such<br>further time as the court may determine.
(3) Once the arbitral tribunal has been constituted, the court shall not<br>entertain an application under sub­section (1), unless the court
finds that circumstances exist which may not render the remedy<br>provided under Section 17 efficacious."
21. There is no hard and fast rule that an application made earlier in point of time must be heard before an application made later in point of time. 22. Both the applications under Section 9 filed by the Respondent and the application for stay under Section 36(2) filed by the Appellant relate to the same impugned award. 23. Even   though,   the   applications   may   be   independent   applications, there   are   common   factors   required   to   be   considered   for   both   the applications of the Respondent under Section 9 and the application of the Appellant under Section 36(2). The jurisdiction of this Court under Section 9 is wide. A party may apply to a Court for interim measures before the commencement of Arbitral proceedings, during Arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the Arbitral Award, but before it is enforced in accordance with Section 36 of the Arbitration Act. 9 24. Section 9 expressly empowers the Court to pass orders securing the amount   in   dispute   in   the   arbitration   and/or   any   interim   measure   or protection as may appear to the Court to be just and convenient. 25. For grant of interim relief under Section 9, the Court would have to consider the  case. In this case, there is an award  prima facie  prima facie  for   a   huge   amount   of   Rs.   142   Crores   against   the   Appellant.     The Respondent has a strong case for interim relief. 26. It   is   settled   law   that   grounds   for   interference   with   an  award   is restricted.   Even before this Court, the Appellant has not been able to advert to any cogent and glaring error which goes to the root of the award. The contention of the award being opposed to the public policy of India, is devoid of any particulars whatsoever. 27. Under Section 36, where the time for making an application to set aside   arbitral   award   has   expired,   the   award   might   be   enforced   in accordance with the provisions of the CPC in the same manner as it were a decree of the Court. Section 36(2) makes it clear that filing an application for setting aside of an award under Section 34 is not to render the award unenforceable,   unless   the   Court   expressly   grants   an   order   of   stay   of operation of the arbitral award in accordance with the provisions of sub­ section (3) of Section 36, on a separate application made for that purpose. 10 28. Once an application under sub­section (2) of Section 36 is filed for stay of operation of the arbitral award, the Court might subject to such conditions as it may deem fit, grant stay of the operation of such award, for reasons to be recorded in writing. The Court is empowered to impose such conditions as it might deem fit and may grant stay of operation of the award   subject  to  furnishing   of  security   covering   entire   amount  of  the award including interest. 29. The proviso to Section 36(3) of the Arbitration Act, makes it clear that while considering an application for grant of stay in the case of an arbitral award for payment of money, due regard has to be given to the provisions for grant of stay of a money decree under the provisions of the CPC. 30. The proviso to Section 36(3) further stipulates that where the Court is satisfied that a   prima facie   case is made out that (a) the arbitration agreement or contract which is the basis of the award or, (b) the making of the award was induced or effected by fraud or corruption, it shall stay the award unconditionally pending disposal of the challenge under Section 34 of the award. 1 31. In  . v.    Ajay Singh & Ors Kal Airways Private Limited and Ors. the Delhi High Court correctly held : 11  2017 SCC Online Del 8934 11
"...Section 9 grants wide powers to the courts in fashioning an<br>appropriate interim order, is apparent from its text. Nevertheless,<br>what the authorities stress is that the exercise of such power should<br>be principled, premised on some known guidelines ­ therefore, the<br>analogy of Orders 38 and 39. Equally, the court should not find itself<br>unduly bound by the text of those provisions rather it is to follow the<br>underlying principles..."
2 32.  In  Jagdish Ahuja & Anr.  v.  Cupino Limited ,  the Bombay High Court correctly summarised the law in Paragraph 6 extracted hereinbelow:­
" 6 . As far as Section 9 of the Act is concerned, it cannot be said<br>that this court, while considering a relief thereunder, is strictly<br>bound by the provisions of Order 38 Rule 5. As held by our Courts,<br>the scope of Section 9 of the Act is very broad; the court has a<br>discretion to grant thereunder a wide range of interim measures of<br>protection "as may appear to the court to be just and convenient",<br>though such discretion has to be exercised judiciously and not<br>arbitrarily. The court is, no doubt, guided by the principles which<br>civil courts ordinarily employ for considering interim relief,<br>particularly, Order 39 Rules 1 and 2 and Order 38 Rule 5; the<br>court, however, is not unduly bound by their texts. As this court<br>held in Nimbus Communications Limited v. Board of Control for<br>Cricket in India (Per D.Y. Chandrachud J, as the learned Judge<br>then was), the court, whilst exercising power under Section 9,<br>"must have due regard to the underlying purpose of the conferment<br>of the power under the court which is to promote the efficacy of<br>arbitration as a form of dispute resolution." The learned Judge<br>further observed as follows:<br>"Just as on the one hand the exercise of the power under<br>Section 9 cannot be carried out in an uncharted territory<br>ignoring the basic principles of procedural law contained<br>in the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the rigors of every<br>procedural provision in the Code of Civil Procedure 1908<br>cannot be put into place to defeat the grant of relief<br>which would subserve the paramount interests of justice.<br>A balance has to be drawn between the two<br>considerations in the facts of each case."
"Just as on the one hand the exercise of the power under<br>Section 9 cannot be carried out in an uncharted territory<br>ignoring the basic principles of procedural law contained<br>in the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the rigors of every<br>procedural provision in the Code of Civil Procedure 1908<br>cannot be put into place to defeat the grant of relief<br>which would subserve the paramount interests of justice.<br>A balance has to be drawn between the two<br>considerations in the facts of each case."
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33. In Valentine Maritime Ltd. v. Kreuz Subsea Pte Ltd. & Anr.3,<br>the Bombay High Court held :­
“96. This court held that just as on the one hand the exercise of the<br>power under Section 9 cannot be carried out in an uncharted<br>territory ignoring the basic principles of procedural law contained in<br>the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the rigors of every procedural<br>provision in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 cannot be put into<br>place to defeat the grant of relief which would sub­serve the<br>paramount interests of justice. A balance has to be drawn between<br>the two considerations in the facts of each case. The principles laid<br>down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 for the grant of<br>interlocutory remedies must furnish a guide to the Court when it<br>determines an application under Section 9 of the Arbitration and<br>Conciliation Act, 1996. The underlying basis of Order 38 Rule 5<br>therefore has to be borne in mind while deciding an application<br>under Section 9(ii)(b) of the Arbitration Act.”
34. Section 9 of the Arbitration Act confers wide power on the Court to<br>pass orders securing the amount in dispute in arbitration, whether before<br>the commencement of the Arbitral proceedings, during the Arbitral<br>proceedings or at any time after making of the arbitral award, but before<br>its enforcement in accordance with Section 36 of the Arbitration Act. All<br>that the Court is required to see is, whether the applicant for interim<br>measure has a good prima facie case, whether the balance of convenience<br>is in favour of interim relief as prayed for being granted and whether the<br>applicant has approached the court with reasonable expedition.
96.
prima facie
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35. It is not in dispute that there is an award of Rs. 142 Crores in<br>favour of the Respondent. No cogent ground has been made out even<br>prima facie, for interference with the impugned award.
36. Order 41 Rule 5 of the CPC provides for stay of decree upon<br>furnishing of cash security. The High Court acted within the scope of its<br>powers under Section 9 in passing the impugned judgment and order.
37. We find no ground at all to interfere. The Appeals are dismissed.<br>We, however, request the High Court to dispose of the pending<br>applications of the Appellant under Section 34 for setting aside the award<br>as expeditiously as possible, preferably within 3 months from the date of<br>communication of this judgment and order.
…………………………………,J.                                    [ INDIRA BANERJEE ] …………………………………,J.             [ KRISHNA MURARI ] NEW DELHI; SEPTEMBER   19, 2022. 14