KALA SINGH @ GURNAM SINGH vs. THE STATE OF PUNJAB

Case Type: Criminal Appeal

Date of Judgment: 21-09-2021

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Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.  1040­1041 OF 2021 [Arising out of S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos.11140­11141 of 2019] Kala Singh @ Gurnam Singh …..Appellant Versus State of Punjab …..Respondent J U D G M E N T R. Subhash Reddy, J. 1. Leave granted.  2. These appeals are filed against the final judgment and orders dated 08.02.2019 and 01.03.2019 passed by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh in Criminal Appeal No.713 of 2003.  High Court has modified the conviction from Section 302 IPC to Section 304 Part­I r/w Section 34, IPC, and sentenced to 12 years’ rigorous imprisonment   and   a   fine   of   Rs.10,000/­.     The   conviction   under Section 201 IPC was maintained. Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Rajni Mukhi Date: 2021.09.21 16:09:15 IST Reason: 3. It   is   alleged   that,   the   appellant   and   the   deceased   had   a sudden fight as the deceased had stolen the pigeon of the appellant 1 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 and in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel, the co­accused (Kehar Singh) who had rod with him, gave a blow with the rod on the right side of the head of the deceased resulting in his death.   It is further   alleged   that,  thereafter   the   appellant  and   co­accused   have thrown the dead body of the deceased in the minor canal. Before the trial court, the co­accused was charged for offence 4. under Sections 302 and 201 IPC, whereas the appellant was charged for offence under Sections 302/34 and 201 IPC.  They were convicted by   the   Sessions   Court   for   the   aforesaid   offences   and   they   were sentenced   to   rigorous   imprisonment   for   life   for   the   offence   under Sections 302/34 IPC and three years’ rigorous imprisonment for the offence under Section 201 IPC, apart from the fine. 5. In the appeal filed before the High Court, High Court has found that as the deceased had stolen the pigeon of appellant­accused Kala Singh, scuffle took place between Shamber Singh (deceased) and the appellant Kala Singh. It is further held that the co­accused Kehar Singh gave blow with the rod on the head of the deceased Shamber Singh.  As a result of such blow Shamber Singh fell down and died. The High Court has categorically found that scuffle had taken place on the spur of the moment and that sudden fight had taken place in the heat of passion, upon a sudden quarrel and it was not a pre­ 2 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 meditated act.   It has also come on record that appellant, the co­ accused   and   the   deceased   had   consumed   liquor   and   even   in   the chemical   examiner   report   it   was   found   that   deceased   had   also consumed liquor.   The High Court has modified the conviction from Section 302 IPC to 304 Part­I IPC and imposed the sentence, of 12 years’ rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs.10,000/­, on the appellant herein and co­accused for the offence under Section 304 Part­I with a default clause that in the event of non­payment of fine, they shall undergo rigorous imprisonment for a further period of six months. 6. We   have   heard   Sri   Bharat   Sood,   learned   counsel   for   the appellant and Ms. Jaspreet Gogia, learned counsel for the State of Punjab.   The   only   submission   made   by   learned   counsel   for   the 7. appellant Sri Bharat Sood is that there was no intention at all on the part of the appellant­accused to kill the deceased.  It is submitted that the appellant, co­accused and deceased had consumed liquor and on the ground that the deceased had stolen pigeon of appellant Kala Singh,   scuffle   took   place   between   deceased   Shamber   Singh   and appellant Kala Singh.  It is submitted that at that point of time, the co­accused   Kehar   Singh   gave   one   rod   blow   on   the   head   of   the 3 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 deceased   Shamber   Singh   which   resulted   into   his   death.     It   is submitted that scuffle had taken place on the spur of the moment and that sudden fight had taken place in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel.   It was not a pre­meditated act and there was no intention at all to kill the deceased.  It is submitted that having regard to the reasoning assigned by the High Court itself High Court ought to have modified the conviction to Section 304 Part­II but not 304 Part­I, as ordered.   To buttress his argument, learned counsel has placed reliance on a judgment of this Court in the case of   Uday Singh   v. 1 State of U.P.  wherein this Court has modified the conviction to one under Section 304 Part­II IPC.  Learned counsel by further submitting that appellant has already served more than three years of sentence, made a request to reduce the sentence by converting the conviction to one under Section 304 Part­II IPC. 8. On the other hand, Ms. Jaspreet Gogia, learned counsel for the   State   of   Punjab   has   contended   that   there   are   absolutely   no grounds to interfere with the judgment of conviction and order of sentence passed by the High Court.   It is submitted that sufficient leniency is already shown to the appellant­accused and there are no grounds   to   interfere   with   the   impugned   judgment.     It   is   further 1 (2002) 7 SCC 79 4 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 contended that the case law which is relied on by the appellant is distinguishable on facts and cannot be applied to the facts of the case on hand. 9. Having   heard   learned   counsels   on   both   sides,   we   have perused the impugned judgment and other material placed on record. It is clear from the impugned judgment and other material placed on record   that   the   incident   happened   one   day   prior   to   the   date   of elections.   On the fateful day, the appellant, co­accused panchayat   and deceased went to the house of one Hardev Singh Arora and they took one bottle of liquor with them.  Thereafter they went to bridge of Doda Minor through Harike passage.   There they consumed liquor where   there   was   a   quarrel   between   the   appellant   and   deceased Shamber Singh alleging that deceased Shamber Singh had stolen the pigeon of appellant herein.  The co­accused Kehar Singh who had a rod   with   him,   gave   a   rod   blow   on   the   head   of   Shamber   Singh. Immediately thereafter he fell down and as there was no response even after half an hour, they have shifted the body to the minor canal. It is clear from the evidence and other material placed on record that there was no intention to kill the deceased Shamber Singh.  It is clear from the evidence on record that the scuffle had taken place on the spur of the moment and a sudden fight had taken place in the heat of 5 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 passion upon a sudden quarrel.  It was not a pre­meditated one and as there was no intention on the part of the appellant and co­accused either to cause death or cause such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, the High Court ought not to have convicted the appellant for the offence under Section 304 Part­I IPC.  In absence of any intention on the part of the appellant, we are of the view that it is a clear case where the conviction of the appellant is to be modified to one under Section 304 Part­II IPC by maintaining the conviction for the offence under Section 201 IPC.  The case law which is relied on by the learned counsel for the appellant also supports the case of the appellant for converting his conviction from the one under Section 304 Part­I IPC to the one under Section 304 Part­II IPC.  10. The judgment relied on by the counsel for the appellant, in 1 the case of   Uday Singh   v.   State of U.P.   supports the case of the appellant.  The relevant paragraphs 6 and 7 read as under : “ 6.  From the findings recorded by the trial court as well as the High Court, it is clear that the fight between the two parties started all of a sudden as a result of obstruction caused   in   digging   of   the   foundation   and   there   is   no evidence to show that the accused attacked the deceased with deadly or dangerous arms (or weapons). It was only in a   fight,   hand   to   fist,   that   both   Gainda   Singh   and   the appellant had held the neck of the deceased, Shishupal Singh   with   such   force   as   to   ultimately   result   in 6 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019
strangulation and his death. It is very difficult to conceive<br>as to how much pressure was applied either by Gainda<br>Singh or the appellant on the deceased's neck so as to<br>cause death. It would be reasonable to hold that the<br>injuries were caused by the appellant on the deceased in a<br>sudden fight where no arms (or weapons) were used and<br>that fight took place in the heat of passion and no common<br>intention to kill the deceased could be inferred. We cannot<br>definitely conclude who actually inflicted the fatal injury as<br>the evidence on record discloses that Gainda Singh and<br>the appellant both strangled the deceased, which action is<br>part of the sudden unarmed fight nor can we conclude that<br>the appellant had an intention to cause death or cause<br>such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, though we<br>attribute to him knowledge that such act is likely to cause<br>death. Thus the appellant and Gainda Singh are guilty of<br>culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
7. In the circumstances, we set aside the conviction<br>recorded by the trial court as affirmed by the High Court<br>under Section 302 read with Section 34 and instead<br>convict him under Section 304 Part II and reduce the<br>sentence to imprisonment for a period of seven years. The<br>bail granted earlier shall stand cancelled and the appellant<br>shall surrender before the trial court and be committed to<br>prison to serve out the remaining part of the sentence.”
So also, the judgment in the case of  Shahajan Ali & Ors. etc.  v.  State 2 of   Maharashtra   &   Ors.   etc.   supports   the   case   of   the   appellant. Paragraph 8 of the judgment, which is relevant, reads as under : “ 8.  We have no doubt about the complicity of all the accused   in   the   homicide   of   Sarfraj.   A­1   attacked   the 2 (2017) 11 SC 807 7 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 deceased with the knife and caused injury on his neck which resulted in his death. The other accused assisted him in committing the crime by holding the hands of the deceased.   However,  the   only  question   that  falls   for   our consideration   is   whether   the   accused   are   liable   to   be punished   for   an   offence   under   Section   302   IPC.   After considering the submissions made by the counsel for the appellants and scrutinising the material on record, we are of   the   opinion   that   the   accused   are   not   liable   to   be convicted under Section 302 IPC. We are convinced that there was neither prior concert nor common intention to commit   a   murder.   During   the   course   of   their   business activity the accused reached the dhaba where the deceased was   present.   An   altercation   took   place   during   the discussion they were having behind the dhaba. That led to a sudden fight during which A­1 attacked the deceased with a knife. Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC is applicable to the facts of this case. As we are convinced that the accused are responsible for the death of Sarfraj, we are of the   opinion   that   they   are   liable   for   conviction   under Section 304 Part II IPC. We are informed that A­1 has undergone a sentence of seven years and that A­2 to A­4 have undergone four years of imprisonment. We modify the judgment of the High Court converting the conviction of the accused from Section 302 to Section 304 Part II IPC sentencing them to the period already undergone. They shall be released forthwith.” In view of the aforesaid reasons, these appeals are allowed in 11. part and conviction of the appellant is modified from the one under Section 304 Part­I/34 IPC to the one under Section 304 Part­II/34 IPC.     The   appellant   is   hereby   sentenced   to   undergo   rigorous imprisonment for a period of seven years and the fine of Rs.10,000/­ imposed by the High Court is maintained.  Further, conviction of the 8 Crl.A.@S.L.P.(Crl.)Nos. 11140-11141 of 2019 appellant for the offence under Section 201 IPC and sentence of three years’   rigorous   imprisonment   and   the   fine   of   Rs.500/­   are   also maintained.   ………………………………J. [R. Subhash Reddy]  ………………………………J. [Hrishikesh Roy] New Delhi. September 21, 2021. 9