COMMISSIONER OF SERVICE TAX DELHI vs. QUICK HEAL TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 05-08-2022

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Full Judgment Text

REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5167  OF 2022 (DIARY NO. 24399 OF 2020) COMMISSIONER OF SERVICE TAX DELHI   …APPELLANT(S) VERSUS QUICK HEAL TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED      …RESPONDENT(S) WITH CIVIL APPEAL NOS.  5168­5169  OF 2022 (ARISING OUT OF S.L.P. (CIVIL) NOS. 6715­6716 OF 2022) J U D G M E N T J.B. PARDIWALA, J. :   1. Since the issues raised in both the captioned cases are the same, those were taken up for hearing analogously and are being disposed of by this common judgment. Signature Not Verified Digitally signed by Sanjay Kumar Date: 2022.08.05 15:23:05 IST Reason: Civil Appeal (Diary No. 24399 of 2020) 2. Delay condoned. 1 3. This appeal under Section 35L(b) of the Central Excise Act, 1944   (for   short,   ‘the   Act   1944’),   as   made   applicable   to   the service tax by Section 83 of Chapter V of the Finance Act, 1994 (for short, ‘the Act 1994’), is at the instance of the revenue and is directed against the order No. 50022/2020 dated 09.01.2020 passed   by   the   Customs,   Excise   and   Service   Tax   Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi (for short, ‘the Tribunal’) in the Service Tax Appeal No. 51175 of 2016 by which the Tribunal allowed the appeal  filed   by   the   respondent   herein   (assessee)  thereby  set aside the Order in Original dated 28.01.2016 passed by the Additional Director General (Adjudication) DGCEI, Delhi. FACTUAL MATRIX 4.  For the sake of convenience, the appellant herein shall be referred to as the “revenue” and the respondent herein shall be referred to as the “assessee”. 5. The   assessee   is   registered   with   the   Service   Tax Commissioner, Pune­III for providing taxable services,  inter alia, under   the   category   of   “Information   Technology   Software 2 Service”. The assessee is engaged in the development of Quick Heal brand Antivirus Software which is supplied along with the license code/product code  either online or  on  the  replicated CDs/DVDs to the end­customers in India. 6.  It appears from the materials on record that it came to the notice of the Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence (Headquarters) that the assessee engaged in the development of Quick   Heal   brand   Antivirus   Software   had   not   been   paying service tax prior to 01.07.2012 on the services covered under the   category   of   “Information   Technology   Software   Service” falling under Item No. (vi) of clause (zzzze) of sub­section (105) of Section 65 of the Act 1994 w.e.f  01.07.2012 on the services covered under the category of “Information Technology Software Service” under  Section 66E(d) of  the   Act  1994  for providing Quick Heal brand Antivirus Software license key/code supplied along with the CD/DVD replicated with the Quick Heal brand Antivirus Software through the dealers/distributors to the end­ customers in India. 3 7. In the aforesaid context, an inquiry was initiated against the assessee and at the end of the same, the revenue reached to the conclusion that the assessee is liable to pay service tax on the transactions with the end­customers to supply the license codes/keys of Quick Heal brand Antivirus Software in the retail packs. The revenue reached to the conclusion that the assessee had failed to pay the service tax on the consideration received for the supply of the license codes/keys of Antivirus Software to the end­customers in retail packs during the period between 01.03.2011 and 31.03.2014.   8. In such circumstances referred to above, a show cause notice dated 02.02.2015 came to be issued to the assessee by the   Additional   Director   General,   DGCEI   (Hqrs.),   New   Delhi proposing a demand/recovery of service tax amounting to Rs. 62,73,05,953.36p. (Rupees Sixty Two Crore Seventy Three Lakh Five Thousand Nine Hundred Three and paise Thirty Six Only) on the taxable value of Rs. 5,30,94,66,783/­ (Rupees Five Arab Thirty   Crore   Ninety   Four   Lakh   Sixty   Six   Thousand   Seven Hundred Eighty Three Only) for supplying Quick Heal Antivirus 4 Software   replicated   CDs/DVDs   in   the   retail   packs   (i.e. Information   Technology   Software   Service)   through   its dealers/distributors   to   the   end­customers   in   India   for   the period between 01.03.2011 and 31.03.2014 under the proviso to Section 73(1) of the Act 1994 by invoking the extended period of limitation with interest and penalty.  9. The show cause notice referred to above was adjudicated by the Additional Director General (Adjudication), DGCEI, Delhi, who, in turn, confirmed the demand of service tax amount to Rs. 56,07,05,595/­ (Rupees Fifty Six Crore Seven Lakh Five Thousand Five Hundred Ninety Five Only) alleged to have been not   paid   by   the   assessee   on   the   service   of   Information Technology Software Service vide its Order in Original dated 28.01.2016.  10. The assessee, being aggrieved with the order passed by the Additional   Director   General   (Adjudication),   DGCEI,   preferred the Service Tax Appeal No. 51175 of 2016 before the Tribunal. 11.  The   Tribunal   allowed   the   appeal   filed   by   the   assessee herein essentially on the following three grounds:­ 5 i.  The antivirus software did not have an element of interactivity. ii.  As per the decision of the Supreme Court in the case   of   Tata   Consultancy   Services   v.   State   of , (2005) 1 SCC 308, (“TCS”), the pre­ Andhra Pradesh packaged/canned software would be treated as goods. Once the software is put on a medium like a CD and then sold, such software would be treated as goods. iii.  The Central Board of Excise & Customs (CBEC) issued   guidelines   when   the   negative   regime   was issued on 1.7.2012. The guidelines clarified that the pre­packaged/canned   software   would   not   be   goods even if there was a licence. 12.  The revenue, being dissatisfied with the order passed by the Tribunal, has come up before this Court with the present appeal under Section 35L(b) of the Act 1944. 13. The revenue has in its memorandum of appeal formulated the following questions of law for consideration of this Court:­ 6 “(i) Whether the Tribunal is right in holding that the transaction in the present case results in the right to use the software and would amount deemed sale? (ii) Whether the Antivirus Software license key/code supplied   by   the   respondent   along   with   CD/DVD replicated with Quick Heal Brand Antivirus Software through dealers/distributors to the End­Customers is liable to Service Tax? (iii) Whether the service provided by the respondent is classifiable   under   Information   Technology   Service liable to service tax under Section 65(105)(zzzze) of the Finance   Act,   1994   prior   to   01.07.2012   and   under Section   66E(f)   of   the   Finance   Act,   1994   w.e.f. 01.07.2012? (iv) Whether the transfer of goods by way of hiring, leasing, licensing or any such manner without transfer of right of use such goods, is a declared service under clause (1) of Section 66E of the Finance Act, 1994?” SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE REVENUE : 14. The learned counsel appearing for the revenue vehemently submitted   that   the   Tribunal   committed   a   serious   error   in passing the impugned order by relying upon the decision of this Court   in   TATA   Consultancy   Services   (supra).   He   would submit that the question before this Court in the case of the   (supra) was whether the canned TATA Consultancy Services software sold by the appellants therein could be termed to be 7 “goods” under the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957 and hence, assessable to the sales tax? He submitted that the principal contention of the appellants before this Court in the case of the     (supra) was that the TATA Consultancy Services canned software was “intangible property” and hence would not come within the definition of the “goods”.  He would submit that the   issue   was   clearly   not   whether   the   canned   software   was “goods” or “service”. He laid much stress on the fact that no argument   was   canvassed   on   the   canned   software   being   a service.   Since   the   question   did   not   pertain   to   the   canned software   being   a   “service”,   this   Court   did   not   make   any comment on whether the canned software could be a “service”. He   would   submit   that   in   such   circumstances,   the   Tribunal committed an error in relying on the ratio of the decision of this Court in the case of   (supra).  TATA Consultancy Services 15. The learned counsel would further submit that the entire transaction of selling or trading of the software can be divided into two stages:­ 8 (a) Up to the replication of the Master CD by the replicators   under   the   terms   of   agreement.   This   is covered by this Court’s judgment in the case of  TATA Consultancy Services  (supra). There rises no dispute of paying duty at this stage, since, the recording of the software on their CDs and making them marketable makes it ‘Goods’ which is chargeable to the Central Excise Duty; (b) The supply to the end­users under a separate End User Licensing Agreement, consists of 2 parts:          (i)  Supply of Antivirus software in the CD.      (ii) Providing electronic updates to the software            originally provided. 16.   He   would   submit   that   the   present   dispute   is   one relating to part (b) as above of the transaction.    17.  Referring   to   the   decision   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of , (2006) 3 SCC Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. v. Union of India 1, (for short, ‘BSNL’), he would submit that the same deals with 9 the “composite transaction” of giving telephone connection that involves service and sale.   It was held therein by the majority that it is possible for the State to tax the sale element provided there is a discernible sale and the “dominant intention” test is satisfied.  To put it in other words, the learned counsel would submit that the test for a composite contract other than those mentioned in the  Article 366(29A)  of the Constitution continues to be “did the parties have in mind or intend separate rights arising   out   of   the   sale   of   goods?”.   If   there   was   no   such intention,   there   is   no   sale   even   if   the   contract   could   be disintegrated.   According   to   the   learned   counsel,   the   test  for deciding whether a contract falls into one category or the other is as to what is 'the substance of the contract’. He pointed out that in the case of  BSNL  (supra) it was held that what amounts to being “goods” in the sale transaction remains primarily a matter of contract and intentions. 18. He placed strong reliance on the decision of the Madras High   Court   in   the   case   of   M/s   Infotech   Software   Dealers , 2010 (20) S.T.R. 289 (Mad.), Association v. Union of India 10 wherein   the   High   Court   took   the   view   that   the   supply   of packaged antivirus software to the end user by charging license fee  as per  the end user license agreement amounts service and not sale.  The Madras High Court held that for the purpose of imposition of tax, the nature of transaction should be looked into. 19. In   such   circumstances   referred   to   above,   the   learned counsel appearing for the revenue, prays that there being merit in   his   appeal,   the   same   may   be   allowed   by   answering   the proposed questions of law in favour of the revenue and against the assessee. SUBMISSIONS ON BEHALF OF THE ASSESSEE  : 20. On the other hand, Mr. Arvind P. Datar, the learned senior counsel appearing for the assessee, vehemently opposed this appeal by submitting that no error, not to speak of any error of law, could be said to have been committed by the Tribunal in passing the impugned order.  He would submit that in para 29 of   the   impugned   order   the   Tribunal   rightly   rejected   the contention   of   the   revenue   that   the   antivirus   software   was 11 interactive. Mr. Datar would submit that the Tribunal rightly held  that a programme  could  be  said  to  be  interactive  only when it involves the user to have   exchange of information or when there is action and communication between the user and the software. The learned senior counsel gave an example by pointing that the MS Word, Excel, etc. are interactive softwares which can be run only after the receipt of the instructions from the user.   On the other hand, there is no interactivity in an antivirus   software   as   there   is   no   requirement   of   giving   any command for detecting and removing the virus. In other words, no manual input is required to operate an antivirus software as it acts automatically upon detecting any virus. He would submit that the antivirus software which is installed in a computer system cannot be treated as an interactive software. 21. The   learned   senior   counsel   thereafter   took   this   Court through   the   decision   rendered   by   this   Court   in   the   case  of   (supra).   The   learned   senior TATA   Consultancy   Services counsel offered the following comments on the impact of the decision in the case of  TATA Consultancy Services  (supra) :­ 12 “4.1 The   question   as   to   whether   software   can   be treated as goods was referred to a bench of five judges in the aforesaid TCS case. 4.2 The   State   of   Andhra   Pradesh   had   levied VAT/sales tax on software CDs, which were packed and   sold   to   customers.   This   Hon’ble   Court,   after extensive   consideration   of   India   and   U.S.   decisions, held   that   even   though   the   copyright   in   a   software program   may   remain   with   the   originator   of   the program, the moment the software is loaded onto a CD and   copies   are   made   and   marketed,   they   become goods, “which are susceptible to sales tax”. 4.3 There is no difference between sale of a software program on a CD/floppy disc or the sale of music or film CD. It categorically held that the software and the medium cannot be split up in a sale of a computer software,   which   is   a   sale   of   goods.   Apart   from   the judgment of Justice Variava, Justice S.B. Sinha gave a concurring opinion giving additional reasons as to why software, which is put on a medium and sold, is in the nature of a commodity and has to be treated as goods. The   learned   judge   also   held   that   the   definition   of canned software would be exigible to sales tax. 4.4 In the present case, the impugned CESTAT order has   reproduced   several   paragraphs   from   the   TCS ruling and concluded in paragraph 35/Page 54, Vol. I that once software is put in a media and marketed, it would become goods. 4.5 The negative regime of service tax came into force on July 1, 2012. Barring specific exemptions, almost all contracts were to  be treated  as services  when they were   supplied   for   consideration.   Service   tax   was 13 sought   to   be   levied   on   Information   and   Technology Service, under section 65(53a) which reads as follows: (53a) “information   technology   software”   means any   representation   of   instructions,   data,   sound   or image,   including   source   code   and   object   code, recorded in a machine readable form, and capable of being manipulated or providing interactivity to a user, by   means   of   a   computer   or   an   automatic   data processing machine or any other device or equipment; 4.6 Similarly,   the   definition   of   taxable   services   is contained   in   section   65(105)   (zzzze)   which   are   also reproduced earlier. 4.7 While the above definitions were prevailing prior to 01.07.2012, section 66E(d) – provided for declared service under the new negative regime and read as follows: “development, design, programming, customization, adaptation,   upgradation,   enhancement, implementation of information technology software” 4.8 Further,   section   65B   (28)   defined   “information technology software” which was almost identical to the earlier definition under section 65 (63a).” 22.  The   learned   senior   counsel   thereafter   made   his submissions on the CBEC Circular/Education Guide. Following comments have been offered as regards the said Circular in the written note furnished to this Court:­ 14 “5.1 After   the   negative   regime   came   into   force   on 1.7.2012, reproduced above, the CBEC Education Guide issued the following guidelines: (i)Pre­packaged or canned software would not be covered by   the   entry   relating   to   information   technology software. This is because such software as “goods” as held   by   the   Supreme   Court   in   the   TCS   case.   The guidelines   specifically   reproduced   the   text   of   the Supreme Court ruling. (ii)It   then   concluded   that   if   pre­packaged   or   canned software, were sold, then the transaction would be in the nature of a sale of goods and no service tax would be levied.” 23. The learned senior counsel thereafter submitted as regards the excise duty/tariff   entry and     exemption notifications as under :­ “6 .1 It is pertinent to note that S. No. 84A of the third schedule to the Central Excise Act, 1944, deals with entry 8523 80 20 corresponding to “Packaged software or   canned   software”.   The   Explanation   provided thereunder   defined   “packaged   software   or   canned software” as a software which is intended for sale or capable of being sold off­the­shelf. 6.2 Moreover, Notification No:14/2011 CE dated 01­ 03­2011 adopted this definition and exempted excise duty   on   such   “packaged   software   or   canned software”.” 15 24. He vehemently submitted that the transaction cannot be bifurcated into two components as suggested by the revenue i.e. (i) sale of CD, and (ii) supply of updates. In this regard, he submitted as under :­ “7 .1 During the arguments, the Department submitted that apart from the sale of CD, the updates which were to   be   provided   under   the   contract   would   amount   to service. It is submitted that this is incorrect because the pre­packaged antivirus software which is sold in the box has a condition of sale that updates for the period of license would be also provided to the person who has   purchased   the   goods   without   any   further consideration. These updates are part and parcel of the sale of software itself and cannot be divorced from the transaction and treated separately as a service.  7.2 Indeed,   every   pre­packaged   software   that   was sold in a box, where there it is Tally or Word or Excel, would also include supply of updates for the period of licence. 7.3 Further, section 65B (44) defined service to mean any activity carried out by a person for a consideration and includes a declared service. In the present case, no separate   consideration   is   charged   for   the   updates which are part and parcel of the sale of goods itself. Consequently,   even   if   the   updates   are   treated   as declared   services   under   section   66E(d),   no consideration is charged for such service separately. 7.4 In BSNL v. Union of India it was categorically held that the contract cannot be vivisected or split out. Once 16 a lumpsum has been charged for the sale of CD and sales   tax   has   been   paid   thereon,   the   Department cannot levy service tax on the entire sale consideration once   again   on   the   ground   that   updates   are   being provided.” 25. In the last, the learned senior counsel submitted that the payment   of   VAT   and   service   tax   are   mutually   exclusive. He would submit that :­ 8.1 It is well settled that sales tax and VAT is covered by   Entry   54   of   List­II   in   the   VII   Schedule   of   the Constitution. Only State Legislatures can levy VAT on the sale of goods. On the other hand, service tax is leviable under the Finance Act, 1994 (as amended) on the provision of service and such levy is permissible under Entry 97 of List­I. 8.2 It   is   also   well   settled   that   there   could   be   no overlapping of taxes as the taxing powers have been carefully   split   between   Union   and   the   State. Accordingly, the taxation of goods has been allotted to the   State   Legislatures   while   taxing   of   service   is retained by the Centre. 8.3 In Imagic Creative Pvt. Ltd. v. CCT, (2008) 9 STR 337   (SC)   :   (2008)   2   SCC   614,   this   Court   held   that payment of VAT and service tax are mutually exclusive. After the TCS judgment, the controversy was put to rest in intellectual property where software or music or film which has been put on a medium such as a CD will be treated as goods and consequently can subject only to sales tax/VAT.” 17 26.  In   such   circumstances   referred   to   above,   the   learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the assessee, prays that there being no merit in the present appeal, the same may be dismissed.  ANALYSIS : 27. Having heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties and   having   gone   through   the   materials   on   record,   the   only question   that   falls   for   our   consideration   is,   whether   the Tribunal committed any error in passing the impugned order? 28. Before we advert to the rival submissions canvassed on either side, we must look into some of the reasons assigned by the Tribunal while allowing the appeal preferred by the assessee against the order of the adjudicating authority. We quote:­ “25. The contention of the Appellant is that the software developed by it can neither be manipulated nor does it provide any interactivity to a user and, therefore, does not satisfy the requirement of “information technology software”. According to the Appellant, once the computer system   is   booted,   the   Antivirus   Software   begins   its activity of detecting the virus and continues to do so till the   time   the   computer   system   remains   booted.   Thus, there   is   no   interactivity   or   requirement   of   giving   any commands to the software to perform the function of detecting and removing virus from the computer system. 18 The   Appellant   further   contends   that   the   software developed by it is quite distinct from software like ERP, EXCEL, MS Word, where there is a constant to and from interaction between the user and the computer system containing the said software. These softwares perform their   function only after receipt of input from the user, which   is   not   the   case   in   the   Antivirus   Software developed by the Appellant.  x x x 28.   The   Adjudicating   Authority,   however,   has   not accepted   the   contention   of   the   Appellant   and   has observed that the software can issue commands to scan drives, both internal and external and that it has an interface with the user to tune­up the personal computer and that it has also a parallel control feature. These features, according to the Adjudicating Authority, need a command by the user to the software and, therefore, it is interactive.  29. It is not possible to accept this finding. The Antivirus Software developed by the Appellant is complete in itself to   prevent   virus   in   the   computer   system.   Once   the computer   system   is   booted,   the   Antivirus   Software begins   the   function   of   detecting   the   virus,   which continues   till   the   time   the   computer   system   remains booted. The computer system only displays a message that viruses existed and that they have been detected and removed. No interactivity takes place nor there is any requirement of giving any command to the software to perform its function of detecting and removing virus from   the   computer   system.   It   is   also   seen   from   the meaning assigned to “interactive” that a program should involve the user in the exchange of information. There has to be action and communication between the two. A 19 user should communicate with the computer facility and receive rapid responses, which can be used to prepare the next inputs. In contract, in other softwares like ERP, EXCEL, MS Word, there is continues interaction between the user and the computer system and these softwares perform only after receipt of input from the user. 30. Such being the position, no service tax was leviable under section 65(105)(zzzze) of the Act prior to 1 July, 2012.   Even   after   1   July,   2012   the   definition   of “information technology software” under section 65B(28) remained the same and so  also  service tax was not leviable.  31. The matter can be examined from another angle. Section 65B (51) defines a “taxable service” to mean any service on which service tax is leviable under section 66B.  Section   66B   provides  that   there   shall  be   levied service tax on the value of all services, other than those services specified in the negative list, provided or agreed to be provided in the taxable territory by one person to another   and   collected   in   such   manner   as   may   be prescribed. Section 65B (44) define “service” to mean any activity carried out by a person for consideration, and includes a declared service, but shall not include, amongst   others,   an   activity   which   constitutes   merely such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods which is “deemed  to be  a  sale” within the meaning of clause (29A) of article 366 of the Constitution.” 29.  The Tribunal thereafter proceeded to consider the decision of   this   Court   rendered   in   the   case   of   TATA   Consultancy 20 Services  (supra). Upon analysis of the ratio of the said decision, the Tribunal recorded the following findings :­ “35.   It   is   clear   from   the   aforesaid   decision   of   the Supreme   Court   in   Tata   Consultancy   Services   that intellectual property, once it is put on the media and marketed  could  become  “goods”  and  that  a software may   be   intellectual   property   and   such   intellectual property contained in a medium is purchased and sold in various forms including CDs.  36. Section 65B (44) of the Act also excludes from the definition   of   “service”   any   activity   which   constitutes merely such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods which is deemed to be a sale within the meaning of clause (29A) of article 366 of the Constitution. As noticed above, the Supreme Court in Tata Consultancy Services held that Canned Software supplied in CDs would be “goods” chargeable to sales tax/VAT and no service tax can be levied.”  30.  The Tribunal thereafter, in para 37 of its order, considered the CBEC Education Guide for service tax containing the official guidelines   for   new   system   of   levy   of   service   tax.   After   due consideration of the same, it recorded the following findings in para 38:­ “38.   A   perusal   of   the   aforesaid   guidelines   would indicate that after making a reference to the judgment of Supreme   Court   in   Tata   Consultancy   Services,   it mentions that a transaction would be in the nature of sale of goods when a pre­packaged or Canned Software 21 is sold, and no service tax would be leviable. However, a license to use the software which does not involve the transfer of “right to use” would neither be a transfer of title   in   goods   nor   a   deemed   sale   of   goods.   Such   an activity would fall in the ambit of definition of “service”. Thus, if a pre­packaged or Canned Software is not sold but is transferred under a license to use such software, the   terms   and   conditions   of   the   license   to   use   such software would have to be seen to arrive at a conclusion whether   the   license   to   use   the   packaged   software involves a transfer of “right to use” such software in the sense the phrase has been used in sub­clause (d) of article 366(29A) of the Constitution. The guidelines also provide   that   in   case   a   license   to   use   pre­packaged software   imposes   restrictions   on   the   usage   of   such licenses,   which   restriction   interfere   with   the   free enjoyment of the software, then such a license would not result in transfer of “right to use” the software within the   meaning   of   Clause   29(A)   of   article   366   of   the Constitution. However, every condition imposed would not make it leviable to service tax. The condition should be such so as to restrain the right to free enjoyment on the   same   lines   as   a   person   who   has   otherwise purchased goods is able to have.” 31. The Tribunal thereafter proceeded to consider the terms of the agreement to ascertain whether there was transfer of the “right  to   use   goods”.     The   Tribunal  in  para  44   of   its   order recorded the  following relevant provisions  of  the Quick Heal Internet Security End­User License Agreement:­ “16. BY USING THIS SOFTWARE OR BY ACCEPTING OUR   SOFTWARE   USAGE   AGREEMENT   POLICY   OR 22 ATTEMPTING TO LOAD THE SOFTWARE IN ANY WAY, (SUCH   ACTION   WILL   CONSTITUTE   A   SYMBOL   OF YOUR   CONSENT   AND   SIGNATURE),   YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND ADMIT THAT YOU HAVE READ, UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS   OF   THIS   AGREEMENT,   THIS AGREEMENT   ONCE   ACCEPTED   BY   "YOU"[   AS   AN INDIVIDUAL (ASSUMING YOU ARE ABOVE 18 YEARS AND/OR HAVING LEGAL CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO AN AGREEMENT), OR THE COMPANY OR ANY LEGAL ENTITY   THAT   WILL   BE   USING   THE   SOFTWARE (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS YOU' OR YOUR' FOR THE   SAKE   OF   BREVITY]   SHALL   BE   A   LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE   AGREEMENT   BETWEEN   YOU   AND QUICK   HEAL   TECHNOLOGIES   PRIVATE   LIMITED, PUNE,   INDIA   (HEREINAFTER   REFERRED   TO   AS "QUICK HEAL") AND YOU SHALL HAVE THE RIGHTS TO USE THE SOFTWARE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS MENTIONED IN THIS AGREEMENT OR AS AMENDED BY QUICK HEAL FROM TIME TO TIME. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THE TERMS AND   CONDITIONS   BELOW,   DO   NOT   USE   THIS SOFTWARE IN ANY WAY AND PROMPTLY RETURN IT OR DELETE ALL THE COPIES OF THIS SOFTWARE IN YOUR POSSESSION.  In consideration of payment of the License Fee, which is a part of the price, evidenced by the Receipt. Quick Heal   grants   the   Licensee,   a   non­exclusive   and   non­ transferable right. Quick Heal reserves all rights not expressly granted, and retains the title and ownership of the software, including all subsequent copies in any media. This software and the accompanying written materials   are   the   property   of   Quick   Heal   and   are copyrighted.   Copying   of   the   software   or   the   written material   is   expressly   forbidden.   In   addition   to   this security software, Quick Heal offers you Quick Heal 23 Remote Device Management Services to manage your device(s).  Quick Heal reserves all rights not expressly granted, and retains the title and ownership of the software, including   all   subsequent   copies   in   any   media,   This software and the accompanying written materials are the property of Quick Heal and are copyrighted.  1. DEFINITIONS      ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­  B.   "License   period"   means   the   period   as   more particularly described in this Agreement.      ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­  G. “Updates” means collections of any or all among virus definition files including detections and solutions for   new   viruses   along   with   the   corrections, improvements or modifications to the software. 2. DO's & DON'TS You can:  A. make copy of the software for backup purpose or for the purpose of sharing through various means (and such backup copy must be destroyed when you lose the right to use the Software or is terminated for any other reason according to the legislation in force in the country of your principal   residence   or   in   the   country   where   You   are using   the   software)   and   replace   lost,   destroyed,   or becomes unusable. B. use one copy of the software on a single computer. In case of multiuser pack, use of the software only on the said number of systems as mentioned on the packaging. C. install the software on a network, provided you have a licensed copy of the software for each computer that can access the software over that network.  24 D. avail Quick Heal RDM service to manage your device (a maximum of 10 devices in one account.)  You cannot:  A. emulate, or adapt any portion of the software.  B. sublicense, rent or lease any portion of the software. C. try making an attempt to reveal/discover the source code of the software.  D.   debug,   decompile,   disassemble,   modify,   translate, reverse engineer the software.  E. create derivative works based on the software or any portion thereof with sole exception of a non­waivable right granted to You by any applicable legislation. F. remove   or   alter   any   copyright   notices   or   other proprietary notices on any copies of the software.  G. reduce any part of the software to human readable form. H. use  the  software  in  the  creation  of  data  or software used for detection, blocking or treating threats described in the user manual.  I. use for unlicensed and illegal purpose.  J.   remove   your   user   account   from   Quick   Heal   RDM service once registered  K. retrieve deleted location entries and back up data from the user account on the Quick Heal RDM service.  L. attempt to gain unauthorized access to Quick Heal RDM networks.   5. LICENSE PERIOD  A. You are entitled to use this software/ RDM Services from the date of license activation until the expiry date of the license.  B.   You   understand,   agree   and   accept   that   you   are entitled for the updates and technical support via the Internet and telephone. Any use of this software/RDM Services for any other purposes is strictly forbidden and prohibited and Quick Heal reserves to take any action against such unauthorized usage.  25 C. License for use of Quick Heal RDM service to manage devices shell be valid till your device security software license is valid.  D. You agree, understand that any unauthorized usage of   the   software/   RDM   services   or   breach   of   any/all terms and conditions stated herein the Agreement shall result in automatic and immediate termination of this Agreement   and   the   License   granted   hereunder   and which may result in criminal and/ Or civil action by Quick Heal and/ Or its agents against you including but not limited to right to block the key file/ License key/ product key and without any refund to You and without any prior intimation/ notice to you in this regard.  E. If you have acquired the specific language localization of the software/ RDM service, you will not be able to activate the software by applying the activation code of other language localization.  F. Quick Heal does not guarantee the protection from the threats more particularly described in the user manual after the License to use the software/RDM service is terminated for any reason.  6. FEATURES OF SOFTWARE A.   During   the   license   period   of   the   software/RDM services,   You   have   the   right   to   use   features   of software/RDM service.  B. During the license Period of the Software/RDM, You have the right to receive free updates of the software and Quick Heal RDM service via Internet as and when Quick Heal publishes the updated virus­ database and free version upgrade as and when Quick Heal releases new version upgrade. You agree, understand and accept that   You   will   be   required   to   regularly   download   the updates published by Quick Heal. Any and all updates/ upgrades you receive from Quick Heal shall be governed by this Agreement, or as amended from time to time by Quick Heal.  26 C. You agree, accept and acknowledge:  I. that You are solely responsible for the configuration of the   software/   RDM   services   settings   and   the   result, actions, inactions initiated due to the same and Quick Heal assumes no liability/ responsibility in any case and the Clause of Indemnification shall be applicable.  II. that Quick Heal assumes no liability/responsibility for any date deletion, including but not limited to any deletion/   loss   of   personal,   and/or   confidential   date; and/or   uninstallation   of   third­party   apps;   and/or change   in   settings;   specifically   authorized   by   You   or occurs due to the actions, inactions (whether intentional or   not)   by   You   or   any   third   party   whom   You   have authorized to use, handle you Device due to features or software/RDM services.  III.   that   to   avail/use   certain   features   of   the software/RDM services, you may be required to incur some cost and that Quick Heal does not warrant that the   usage   of   certain   features   of   the   software/RDM services are free of cost and that Quick Heal shall not entertain   and   expressly   disclaims,   any   claim   for reimbursement of any expenses including but not limited to any direct or incidental expenses arising out of Your usage of such features of the software/RDM services.  IV. that you be solely responsible and shall comply all applicable laws, regulations of India and any foreign laws   including   without   limitation,   privacy,   obscenity, confidentiality,   copyright   laws   for   using   any   report, date,   information   derived   as   a   result   of   using   the software and Quick Heal RDM services.  V. that while using the software, Quick Heal suggests some actions to be initiated by You in your sole benefit, for example  Quick Heal software may suggest You touninstall infected applications , however such actions are   suggestive   and   Quick   Heal   takes   no responsibility/liability   if   you   perform   such   suggestive actions   or   not   and   Quick   Heal   assumes   no 27 responsibility/   liability  for  any  liability   arising   out   of such actions/inactions.  9. QUICK HEAL STATUS UPDATE  Upon every update of licensed copy, Quick Heal Update module will send current product status information to Quick Heal Internet Centre. The information that will be sent   to   the   Internet   Centre   includes   the   Quick   Heal protection health status like, which monitoring service is in what state in the system. The information collected does   not   contain   any   files   or   personal   date.   The information   will   be   used   to   provide   quick   and   better technical   support   for   legitimate   customers.   All   the registered user/subscribers will get the updates free of cost from the date of license activation until the expiry date of the license.  13. Intellectual Property  The software, source code, activation code, license keys, documentation,   systems,   ideas,   information,   content, design, and other matters related to the software, Quick Heal RDM services, trademarks are the sole proprietary and intellectual property rights of Quick Heal protected under   the   Intellectual   Property   Laws   and   belongs   to Quick Heal. Nothing contained in this Agreement grant You   any   rights,   title,   interest   to   intellectual   property, including   without   limitation   any   error   corrections, enhancements, updates, or modifications to the software and Quick Heal RDM service whether made by Quick Heal   or   any   third   party.   You   understand   and acknowledge that you are provided with a license to use this software and Quick Heal RDM services subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.”   28 32.  After   due   consideration   of   the   terms   of   agreement,   the Tribunal proceeded to observe the following in para 45 of the impugned order :­ “45. The agreement provides that the licensee shall have right to use software subject to terms and the conditions mentioned in the agreement. The licensee is entitled to use the software/RDM services from the date of license activation   until   the   expiry   date   of   the   license.   The licensee is also entitled for the updates and technical support. The conditions set out in the agreement do not interfere with the free enjoyment of the software by the licensee. Merely because Quick Heal retains title and ownership   of   the   software   does   not   mean   that   it interferes   with   the   right   of   the   licensee   to   use   the software.” 33. The Tribunal ultimately concluded as under while allowing the appeal filed by the assessee herein :­ “51. Thus, viewed from any angle, the transaction in the present Appeal results in the right to use the software and would amount to “deemed sale”. It is, therefore, not possible   to   accept   the   contention   of   the   learned Authorized Representative of the Department that the transaction would not be covered under sub­clause (d) of article 366(29A) of the Constitution.” 34. Thus, from the aforesaid, it is evident that the Tribunal laid much emphasis on the fact that in accordance with the agreement the licensee has the right to use the software subject 29 to the terms and the conditions laid therein. The Tribunal took notice of the fact that in accordance with the agreement the licensee is entitled to use the software/RDM service from the date of the activation of the license till the date of its expiry. The Tribunal also took into consideration the fact that the licensee is also entitled for the updates and the technical support. In view   of   the   Tribunal,   the   right   to   use   the   software   would amount   to   the   “deemed   sale”.   The   Tribunal   rejected   the contention of the revenue that the transaction would not be covered   under   sub­clause   (d)   of   the   Article   366(29A)   of   the Constitution. RELEVANT PROVISIONS OF LAW
35. The New definition of the term “service” has been given<br>under the clause 44 of Section 65B of the Act 1994 which reads<br>as follows :­
“(44) “service” means any activity carried out by a<br>person for another for consideration, and includes a<br>declared service, but shall not include­
(a) an activity which constitutes merely,–
30 (i) a transfer of title in goods or immovable property, by way of sale, gift or in any other manner; or (ii) such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods which is deemed to be a sale within the meaning of clause (29A) of Article 366 of the Constitution; or (iii) a transaction in money or actionable claim; (b) a provision of service by an employee to the employer in the course of or in relation to his employment; (c) fees taken in any Court or tribunal established under any law for the time being in force. Explanation 1.­ For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared   that   nothing   contained   in   this   clause   shall apply to,– (A)   the   functions   performed   by   the   Members   of Parliament, Members of State Legislative, Members of Panchayats, Members of Municipalities and Members of other local authorities who receive any consideration in performing the functions of that office as such member; or (B) the duties performed by any person who holds any post in pursuance of the provisions of the Constitution in that capacity; or (C)   the   duties   performed   by   any   person   as   a Chairperson   or   a   Member   or   a   Director   in   a   body established   by   the   Central   Government   or   State Governments or local authority and who is not deemed as   an   employee   before   the   commencement   of   this section.  Explanation   2.­For   the   purposes   of   this   clause, transaction   in   money   shall   not   include   any   activity relating to use of money or its conversion by cash or by 31 any   other   mode,   from   one   form,   currency   or denomination,   to   another   form,   currency   or denomination   for   which   a   separate   consideration   is charged; Explanation 3.– For the purposes of this Chapter,­ (a) an unincorporated association or a body of persons, as the case may be, and a member thereof shall be treated as distinct persons; (b) an establishment of a person in the taxable territory and  any  of   his  other  establishment   in   a  non­taxable territory shall be treated as establishments of distinct persons. Explanation 4.­ A person carrying on a business through a   branch   or  agency   or   representational   office   in   any territory shall be treated as having an establishment in that territory;” 36.  The analysis of the definition of “service” as above makes it clear that the  service will not include those  activities which includes   transfer,   delivery   or   supply   of   any   goods   which   is deemed to be sale within the meaning of Clause (29A) of Article 366 of the Constitution. 37. Clause (29A) of Article 366 of the Constitution of India defines the deemed sale. This clause reads as follows:­ (29A)  tax   on   the   sale   or   purchase   of   goods includes 32 (a)  a tax on the transfer, otherwise than in pursuance of a contact, of property in any goods for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration; (b)  a tax on the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other form) invoked in the execution of a works contract; (c)  a tax on the delivery of goods on hire purchase or any system of payment by instalments; (d)  a tax on the transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose (whether or not for a specified period) for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration; (e)  a tax on the supply of goods by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration; (f)  a tax on the supply, by way of or as part of any service or in any other manner whatsoever, of goods, being food or any other article for human consumption or any   drink   (whether   or   not   intoxicating),   where   such supply or service, is for cash, deferred payment or other valuable consideration,  and such transfer, delivery or supply of any goods shall be deemed to be a sale of those goods by the person making the transfer, delivery or supply and a purchase of those goods by the person to whom such transfer, delivery or supply is made;” 38. Thus, the above clause specifies the cases which the tax in relation to sale and purchase of goods will include and also outlines its applicability even in the case of deemed sale. 39. Section 66E deals with the concept of declared services. This Section reads as follows:­ 33 66E. The following shall constitute declared services, namely:–– (a) renting of immovable property; (b) construction of a complex, building, civil structure or a part thereof, including a complex or building intended for sale to a buyer, wholly or partly, except where the entire   consideration   is   received   after   issuance   of completion­certificate by the competent authority. Explanation.­ For the purposes of this clause,­ (I)   the   expression   “competent   authority”   means   the Government   or   any   authority   authorized   to   issue completion certificate under any law for the time being in   force   and   in   case   of   nonrequirement   of   such certificate   from   such   authority,   from   any   of   the following, namely:– (A) architect registered with the Council of Architecture constituted   under   the   Architects   Act,   1972;   (20   of 1972.) or (B) chartered engineer registered with the Institution of Engineers (India); or (C) licensed surveyor of the respective local body of the city   or   town   or   village   or   development   or   planning authority; (II)   the   expression   “construction”   includes   additions, alterations, replacements or remodeling of any existing civil structure; (c)   temporary   transfer   or   permitting   the   use   or enjoyment of any intellectual property right; (d) development, design, programming, customisation, adaptation, upgradation, enhancement, implementation of information technology software; (e) agreeing to the obligation to refrain from an act, or to tolerate an act or a situation, or to do an act; 34
(f) transfer of goods by way of hiring, leasing, licensing<br>or in any such manner without transfer of right to use<br>such goods;
(g) activities in relation to delivery of goods on hire<br>purchase or any system of payment by instalments;
(h) service portion in the execution of a works contract;
(i) service portion in an activity wherein goods, being<br>food or any other article of human consumption or any<br>drink (whether or not intoxicating) is supplied in any<br>manner as a part of the activity.”
40. Thus, the declared services include the services of renting<br>of immovable property, works contract, hire<br>purchase/instalment payment system, supply of food/drink,<br>etc. In other words, under the Constitution what is related to<br>deemed sale is also covered under the deemed service as per the<br>above Section.
41. The Transfer of Right to use goods for case, deferred<br>payment or value consideration is considered as deemed sale<br>under sub­clause (d) of Article 366(29A) of the Constitution of<br>India. Right to use of tangible goods service has also been<br>brought under the service tax net by the Finance Act, 2008,<br>with effect from 16.05.2008 vide notification No. 18/2008­ST,
35
dated 10.05.2008 whereby taxable service has been defined<br>under Section 65(105)(zzzzj) of the Act 1994 to mean as:­
“Any services provided or to be provided, to any person,<br>by any other person in relation to supply of tangible<br>goods including machinery, equipment and appliances<br>for use, without transferring right of possession and<br>effective control of such machinery, equipment and<br>appliances.”
  POSITION OF LAW 42. TATA Consultancy Services  (supra) was a case in which the   specific   issue   of   computer   software   packages   was considered as is the concern in the present case also. There was,   however,   a  distinction   drawn   insofar   as   the   'uncanned software'   and   'canned   software'   alternatively   termed   as 'unbranded' and 'branded' is concerned. The distinction is in that a 'canned software' contains programmes which can be used as such by any person purchasing it, while an 'uncanned software'   is   one   prepared   for   a   particular   purchaser's requirements by tweaking the original software to adapt to the specific  requirements  of  a particular entity. While a  'canned software' could be sold over the shelf, an 'uncanned software' is 36 programmed to specific and particular needs and requirements. This Court held that in India the test to determine whether a property is “goods”, for the purpose of sales tax, is not confined to whether the goods are tangible or intangible or incorporeal. The   correct   test   would   be   to   determine   whether   an   item   is capable of abstraction, consumption and use and whether it can be transmitted, transferred, delivered, stored, possessed, etc. It was held that both in the case of 'canned' and 'uncanned' software   all   these   are   possible   (sic   para   16).   Associated Cement Companies Ltd. v. Commissioner of Customs , (2001) 4 SCC 593, was heavily relied on by this Court. It was held:­ "27. In our view, the term "goods" as used in  Article 366(12)  of the Constitution and as defined under the said   Act   is   very   wide   and   includes   all   types   of movable   properties,   whether   those   properties   be tangible or intangible. We are in complete agreement with   the   observations   made   by   this   Court   in Associated   Cement   Companies   Ltd.   A   software program   may   consist   of   various   commands   which enable the computer to perform a designated task. The copyright in that program may remain with the originator of the program. But the moment copies are made and marketed, it becomes goods, which are susceptible to sales tax. Even intellectual property, once it is put on to a media, whether it be in the form 37 of books or canvas (in case of painting) or computer discs   or   cassettes,   and   marketed   would   become "goods". We see no difference between a sale of a software program on a CD/floppy disc from a sale of music on a cassette/CD or a sale of a film on a video cassette/CD.   In   all   such   cases,   the   intellectual property   has   been   incorporated   on   a   media   for purposes of transfer. Sale is not just of the media which by itself has very little value. The software and the media cannot be split up. What the buyer purchases and pays for is not the disc or the CD. As in the case of paintings or books or music or films the buyer is purchasing the intellectual property and not the media i.e. the paper or cassette or disc or CD. Thus   a   transaction/sale   of   computer   software   is clearly a sale of "goods" within the meaning of the term   as   defined   in   the   said   Act.   The   term   "all materials,   articles   and   commodities"   includes   both tangible and intangible/incorporeal property which is capable   of   abstraction,   consumption   and   use   and which   can   be   transmitted,   transferred,   delivered, stored, possessed, etc. The software programs have all these attributes". 28.   At   this   stage   it   must   be   mentioned   that   Mr Sorabjee had pointed out that the High Court has, in the impugned judgment, held as follows: "... In our view a correct statement would be that all intellectual properties may not be 'goods' and therefore   branded   software   with   which   we   are concerned here cannot be said to fall outside the purview of 'goods' merely because it is intellectual property;   so   far   as   'unbranded   software'   is concerned, it is undoubtedly intellectual property but may perhaps be outside the ambit of 'goods'."                                             (emphasis supplied) 38 29.   Mr   Sorabjee   submitted   that   the   High   Court correctly   held   that   unbranded   software   was "undoubtedly   intellectual   property".   Mr   Sorabjee submitted that the High Court fell in error in making a   distinction   between   branded   and   unbranded software and erred in holding that branded software was "goods". We are in agreement with Mr Sorabjee when   he   contends   that   there   is   no   distinction between   branded   and   unbranded   software. However, we find no error in the High Court holding that branded software is goods. In both cases, the software is capable of being abstracted, consumed and   use.   In   both   cases   the   software   can   be transmitted,   transferred,   delivered,   stored, possessed,   etc.   Thus   even   unbranded   software, when   it   is   marketed/sold,   may   be   goods.   We, however,   are   not   dealing   with   this   aspect   and express   no   opinion   thereon   because   in   case   of unbranded   software   other   questions   like   situs   of contract   of   sale   and/or   whether   the   contract   is   a service contract may arise". 43.  Associated Cement Companies Ltd.   (supra) considered the   question   whether   the   drawings,   designs,   etc.   relating   to machinery or industrial technology were goods, leviable to duty of customs on their transaction value at the time of import. It was argued that the transfer of technology or know­how though valuable was intangible. The technology when transmitted to India on some media does not get converted from an intangible thing to tangible thing or chattel and that in a contract by 39 supply of services there is no sale of goods, was the argument. Reading  Section 2(22)  of the Customs Act, 1962 which defines the word "goods", including clause (c) "baggage" and clause (e) "any other kind of moveable property", it was held that any moveable article brought into India by a passenger as part of his baggage can make him liable to pay customs duty as per the  Customs Tariff Act , 1975. Any media whether in the form of books or computer disks or cassettes which contain information technology or ideas would necessarily be regarded as “goods” under the aforesaid provisions of the  Customs Act , these items being   moveable   goods,   covered   by  Section   2(22)(e)  of   the Customs Act. What was transferred was technical advice on information   technology.   But   the   moment   the   information   or advice is put on a media, whether paper or diskettes or any other thing, the supply is of a chattel. It is in respect of the drawings,   designs,   etc.   which   are   received   that   payment   is made to the foreign collaborators. The question whether the papers or diskettes etc. containing advice and/or information are goods for the purpose of the  Customs Act  was answered in 40 the   affirmative.   This   Court   clearly   held   that   "the   intellectual property when put on a media would be regarded as an article .   on the total value of which customs duty is payable" "When technical material is supplied whether in the form of drawings or manuals   the   same   are   goods   liable   to   customs   duty   on   the transaction value in respect thereof" .   It was concluded so in paragraph 46: "46. The concept that it is only chattel sold as chattel, which can be regarded as goods, has no role to play in the present statutory scheme as we have already observed   that   the   word   "goods"   as   defined   under   the      Customs   Act    has   an   inclusive   definition   taking within its ambit any moveable property.  The list of goods as prescribed by the law are different items mentioned   in   various   chapters   under   the  Customs Tariff Act , 1997 or 1999. Some of these items are clearly   items   containing   intellectual   property   like designs, plans, etc". (underlining by us for emphasis) 44. We may also refer to and rely upon a decision of this Court th in the case of  20  Century Finance Corpn. Ltd. v. State of , reported in (2000) 6 SCC 12. In this decision, Maharashtra this Court considered the incorporation of clause (d) of Clause 41 (29A) of Article 366 of the Constitution referred to above. It is apt to quote the following relevant portion from the judgment :­ 26… The   various   sub­clauses   of   clause   (29A) of  Article 366  permit the imposition of tax thus: sub­ clause   (a)   on   transfer   of   property   in   goods;   sub­ clause   (b)   on   transfer   of   property   in   goods;   sub­ clause (c) on delivery of goods; sub­clause (d) on transfer of the right to use goods; sub­clause (e) on supply of goods; and sub­clause (f) on  supply of services. The words and such transfer, delivery or supply.   In   the   latter   portion   of   clause   (29A), therefore, refer to the words transfer, delivery and supply,   as   applicable,   used   in   the   various   sub­ clauses.   Thus,   the   transfer   of   goods   will   be   a deemed sale in the cases of sub­clauses (a) and (b), the delivery of goods will be a deemed sale in case of sub­clause (c), the supply of goods and services respectively will be deemed sales in the cases of sub­ clauses (e) and (f) and the transfer of the right to use any goods will be a deemed sale in the case of sub­clause (d). Clause (29A) cannot, in our view, be read as implying that the tax under sub­clause (d) is to be imposed not on the transfer of the right to use goods but on the delivery of the goods for use. Nor, in our view, can a transfer of the right to use goods in sub­clause (d) of clause (29A) be equated with   the   third   sort   of   bailment   referred   to   in Bailment   by   Palmer,   1979   edition,   page   88.   The third sort referred to there is when goods are left with the bailee to be used by him for hire, which implies the transfer of the goods to the bailee. In the case of sub­clause (d), the goods are not required to be left with the transferee. All that is required is that there is a transfer of the right to use the goods. In 42 our view, therefore, on a plain construction of sub­ clause (d) of Clause (29A), the taxable event is the transfer of the right to use the goods regardless of when or whether the goods are delivered for use. What   is   required   is   that   the   goods   should   be   in existence so that they may be used. And further contract   in   respect   thereof   is   also   required   to   be executed. Given that, the locus of the deemed sale is the   place   where   the   right   to   use   the   goods   is transferred. Where the goods are when the right to use them is transferred is of no relevance to the locus of the deemed sale. Also of no relevance to the deemed sale is where the goods are delivered for use pursuant to the transfer of the right to use them, though  it   may be  that   in  the   case  of  an  oral  or implied   transfer   of   the   right   to   use   goods,   it   is effected by the delivery of the goods.” 45. While holding that in a contract for the transfer of the right to use goods, the taxable event would be the execution of the contract for delivery of the goods, it was observed :­ “ 27.     Article 366(29A)(d)    further shows that levy of tax is not on use of goods but on the transfer of the right to use   goods.   The   right   to   use   goods   accrues   only   on account of the transfer of right. In other words, right to use arises only on the transfer of such a right and unless there is transfer of right, the right to use does not arise. Therefore, it is the transfer which is sine qua non for the right to use any goods.  If the goods are available, the transfer of the right to use takes place when the contract in respect thereof is executed. As 43 soon as the contract is executed, the right is vested in the lessee. Thus, the situs of taxable event of such a tax would be the transfer which legally transfers the right to use goods. In other words, if the goods are available irrespective of the fact where the goods are located and a written contract is entered into between the parties, the taxable event on such a deemed sale would be the execution of the contract for the transfer of right to use goods. But in case of an oral or implied transfer of the right to use goods it may be effected by the delivery of the goods.”        (Emphasis Supplied) 46.   In   (supra)   this   Court   took   the   view   that   a BSNL   telephone   service   is   nothing   but   a   “service”.   However,   the nature of the transaction involved in providing the telephone connection may be a composite contract of “service” and “sale”. There may be a transfer of right to use the “goods” as defined in the   providing   of   access   or   telephone   connection   by   the telephone service provider to a subscriber. Justice Ruma Pal, speaking for the Bench in her separate judgment, took the view that a subscriber to a telephone service could not reasonably be taken to have intended to purchase or obtain any right to use electromagnetic waves or radio frequencies when a telephone 44 connection is given. Nor does the subscriber intend to use any portion   of   the   wiring,   the   cable,   the   satellite,   the   telephone exchange,   etc.   At   the   most,   the   concept   of   the   sale   in   a subscriber's mind would be limited to the handset that might have been purchased for the purposes of getting a telephone connection. As far as the subscriber is concerned, no right to the use of any other goods, incorporeal or corporeal, is given to him with the telephone connection.  In such circumstances, it was held that the electromagnetic waves or radio frequencies are not “goods” within the meaning of the word “either in Article 366(12) or for the purpose of Article 366(29A)(b)”. Emphasis was laid on the fact, whether there are any deliverable goods or not. If there are no deliverable goods in existence, like the one in BSNL     (supra) , there is no transfer of user under Article 366(29A)(b) at all. 47. Justice   Dr.   AR.   Lakshmanan,   in   his   separate   but concurring   judgment,   highlighted   the   following   attributes   in para 97 of  the judgment to constitute  a transaction for the transfer of right to use the goods:­  45 “97.  … a. There must be goods available for delivery; b.   There   must   be   a   consensus   ad   idem   as   to   the identity of the goods;  c. The transferee should have a legal right to use the goods ­ consequently all legal consequences of such use   including   any   permissions   or   licenses   required therefor should be available to the transferee;  d. For the period during which the transferee has such legal right, it has to be the exclusion to the transferor  ­ this   is   the   necessary   concomitant   of   the   plain language of the statute viz. a "transfer of the right to use" and not merely a licence to use the goods; e. Having transferred the right to use the goods during the period for which it is to be transferred, the owner cannot again transfer the same rights to others.” 48. In the case of BSNL   (supra), His Lordship noticed that none of the aforesaid attributes were present in the relationship between the telecom service provider and a consumer of such services.   49. His   Lordship   thereafter   in   para   117   of   the   judgment referred to the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. We quote para 117 as under:­ 46 “117. S ale of Goods Act , comprehends two elements, one   is   a   sale   and   the   other   is   delivery   of   goods. 20th  Century Finance Corporation Limited vs. State of Maharashtra , 2000 (6) SCC 12 at p. 44, para 35 ruled that  "35.   (c)   where   the   goods   are   available   for   the transfer of right to use the taxable event on the transfer   of   right   to   use   any   goods   is   on   the transfer which results in right to use and the situs of sale would be the place where the contract is executed and not where the goods are located for use. (d) In cases where goods are not in existence or where there is an oral or implied transfer of the right   to   use   goods,   such   transactions   may   be effected   by   the   delivery   of   the   goods.   In   such cases the taxable event would be on the delivery of goods." 50. Ultimately, His Lordship took the view that as no goods’ elements   were   involved,   the   transaction   was   purely   one   of service as there was no transfer of right to use the goods at all. 
51. The following principles to the extent relevant may be<br>summed up:­
(a) The Constitution (Forty­sixth) Amendment Act intends to<br>rope in various economic activities by enlarging the scope<br>of “tax on sale or purchase of goods” so that it may include
47 within its scope, the transfer, delivery or supply of goods that may take place under any of the transactions referred to in sub­clauses (a) to (f) of Clause (29A) of Article 366. The works contracts, hire purchase contracts, supply of food   for   human   consumption,   supply   of   goods   by association and clubs, contract for transfer of the right to use any goods are some such economic activities. (b) The transfer of the right to use goods, as distinct from the transfer of goods, is yet another economic activity intended to be exigible to State tax. (c) There are clear distinguishing features between ordinary sales and deemed sales. (d) Article 366(29A)(d) of the Constitution implies tax not on the delivery of the goods for use, but implies tax on the transfer of the right to use goods. The transfer of the right to use the goods contemplated in sub­clause (d) of clause (29A) cannot be equated with that category of bailment where goods are left with the bailee to be used by him for hire. 48 (e)   In   the   case   of   Article   366(29A)(d)   the   goods   are   not required to be left with the transferee. All that is required is that there is a transfer of the right to use goods. In such a case taxable event occurs regardless of when or whether the goods are delivered for use. What is required is that the goods should be in existence so that they may be used. (f) The levy of tax under Article 366(29A)(d) is not on the use of goods. It is on the transfer of the right to use goods which accrues only on account of the transfer of the right. In other words, the right to use goods arises only on the transfer of such right to use goods. (g) The transfer of right is the   for the right to sine qua non use any goods, and such transfer takes place when the contract is executed under which the right is vested in the lessee.  (h) The agreement or the contract between the parties would determine the nature of the contract. Such agreement has to   be   read   as   a   whole   to   determine   the   nature   of   the 49 transaction. If the consensus  ad idem  as to the identity of the good is shown the transaction is exigible to tax. (i) The locus of the deemed sale, by transfer of the right to use goods, is the place where the relevant right to use the goods   is   transferred.   The   place   where   the   goods   are situated or where the goods are delivered or used is not relevant. 52.  From   the   judicial   decisions,   the   settled   essential requirement of a transaction for the transfer of the right to use the goods are :  (i) it is not the transfer of the property in goods, but it is the right to use the property in goods;  (ii) Article 366(29A)(d) read with the latter part of the clause (29A) which  uses   the  words,   “and such transfer, delivery or supply” … would indicate that the tax is not on the delivery of the goods used, but on the transfer of the right to use goods regardless of when or whether the goods are delivered for use 50 subject to the condition that the goods should be in existence for use; (iii) in the transaction for the transfer of the right to use goods, delivery   of   the   goods   is   not   a   condition   precedent,   but   the delivery of goods may be one of the elements of the transaction; (iv)   the   effective   or   general   control   does   not   mean   always physical control and, even if the manner, method, modalities and the time of the use of goods is decided by the lessee or the customer, it would be under the effective or general control over the goods;  (v) the approvals, concessions, licences and permits in relation to goods would also be available to the user of goods, even if such licences or permits are in the name of owner (transferor) of the goods, and (vi) during the period of contract exclusive right to use goods along with permits, licenses, etc., vests in the lessee. 51 CONSTRUCTION OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES:­ 53. The salient features of the Quick Heal Internet Security End­User License Agreement are as follows:­ 1. Grant of License, not ownership In consideration of payment of the License Fee, which is a part   of   the   price,   Quick   Heal   (developer)   grants   the purchaser (end­user) a license which is non­exclusive and non­transferable.   The   developer   reserves   all   rights   not expressly granted and retains the title and ownership of the   software,   including   all   subsequent   copies   in   any media.   2. Termination The End­user is entitled to use the software till the date on which the license expires. Any unauthorised usage of the software   would   result   in   automatic   and   immediate termination of the agreement and the license granted. 3. Breach of Contract The   developer   reserves   to   take   any   action   against unauthorised usage. This may be criminal/civil action by the   developer,   including   the   right   to   block   the   key file/License key/product key with neither issuance of any notice nor refund to the end­user. 4. Right to Updates During the license period of the software, the end­users are entitled to receive free software updates via Internet. The End­users will be required to regularly download these updates, which shall be governed by the agreement or as amended by the developer. 52 5. Limiting Liability The End­users are solely responsible for configuring the software   settings   and   the   results,   actions,   inactions initiated   due   to   the   same.   The   developer   assumes   no liability for any deletion or modification authorised by the user in any case, and the indemnification clause would become applicable. 6. Disclaiming Warranties Certain  features   of   the   software   may   require   additional payment.   The   developer   disclaims   any   claim   for reimbursement of expenses arising out of end­users’ usage of such features. 7. Governing Law The   End­users   are   obliged   to   comply   with   all   laws, regulations of India and any foreign law, including privacy, obscenity, confidentiality, copyright laws, while using the software. 8. Data Collection On   updating   every   licensed   copy,   the   developer   would collect   “the   current   product   status   information”,   which include the state of monitoring service in the system. This information is used for improving the developer’s technical support towards its customers. No files or personal data is collected. 9. Intellectual Property Rights of the Developer The End­users do not have any right, title, or interest to the intellectual property, including any error corrections, enhancements, updates, or modifications to the software, 53 whether made by the developer or third party.
54. In Delta International Ltd. v. Shyam Sundar<br>Ganeriwalla, (1999) 4 SCC 545 : AIR 1999 SC<br>2607 and Ramdev Food Products (P) Ltd. v. Arvindbhai<br>Rambhai Patel, (2006) 8 SCC 726, this Court quoted with<br>approval the following principles of construction of contracts<br>from the ‘Interpretation of Contracts’ by Kim Lewison, Q.C.<br>as follows.
“1.03 For the purpose of the construction of contracts,<br>the intention of the parties is the meaning of the words<br>they have used. There is no intention independent of<br>that meaning.
6.09 Where the words of a contract are capable of two<br>meanings, one of which is lawful and the other<br>unlawful, the former construction should be preferred.
Sir Edward Coke [Co. Litt. 42a] expressed the<br>proposition thus:
‘It is a general rule, that whensoever the words of<br>a deed, or of one of the parties without deed, may have<br>a double intendment and the one standeth with law and<br>right, and the other is wrongful and against law, the<br>intendment that standeth with law shall be taken.’
In more modern times that statement was<br>approved by the Privy Council in Rodger v. Comptoir
54
D'Escomple de Paris, (1869) LR 2 PC 393 : 16 ER 618, in<br>which Sir Joseph Napier, delivering the advice of the<br>Board said:
‘The rule that words shall be construed most<br>strongly against him who uses them gives place to a<br>higher rule; higher because it has a moral element,<br>that the construction shall not be such as to work a<br>wrong.’
Similarly, in Fausset v. Carpenter, (1831) 2 Dow<br>& Cl 232 : 6 ER 715, the House of Lords accepted the<br>submission of counsel that the court:
‘… in judging of the design and object of a deed,<br>will not presume that a party executing the deed meant<br>to do and did what he was wrong in doing, when a<br>construction may be put on the instrument perfectly<br>consistent with his doing only what he had a right to do.
However, the question of construction should not<br>be approached with a leaning in one direction or<br>another. Thus although the law frowns upon covenants<br>in restraint of trade, nevertheless such a covenant<br>should not be approached on the basis that it is prima<br>facie illegal. ‘You are to construe the contract, and then<br>see whether it is legal.’”
55. The sum and substance of the ratio of the case of  BSNL (supra) as discernible is that the contract cannot be vivisected or split into two.   Once a lumpsum has been charged for the sale of CD (as in the case on hand) and sale tax has been paid thereon, the revenue thereafter cannot levy service tax on the 55 entire sale consideration once again on the ground that the updates are being provided. We are of the view that the artificial segregation of the transaction, as in the case on hand, into two parts is not tenable in law. It is, in substance, one transaction of sale of software and once it is accepted that the software put in the CD is “goods”, then there cannot be any separate service element   in   the   transaction.   We   are   saying   so   because   even otherwise the user is put in possession and full control of the software. It amounts to “deemed sale” which would not attract service tax. 56. In   view   of   the   aforesaid,   we   have   reached   to   the conclusion that the impugned order of the Tribunal suffers from no jurisdictional or  any  other  legal  infirmity  warranting any interference at our end in the present appeal.   57. In the result, the appeal fails and it is hereby dismissed. 58.  There shall be no order as to costs. 59. Pending application(s), if any, also stands disposed of. 56 CIVIL APPEALS ARISING OUT OF S.L.P. (CIVIL) NOS. 6715­ 6716 OF 2022 60. Leave granted. 61. These appeals, by special leave, are at the instance of the assessee and is directed against the order passed by the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Writ Appeal No. 1881 of 2021 and CMP No. 11998 of 2021 decided on 05.08.2021 by which the High Court dismissed the writ appeal thereby affirming the Order in Original dated 26.04.2018 passed by the respondent herein. FACTUAL MATRIX   62.  The   appellant   herein   obtained   the   antivirus   software replicated from the units in Himachal Pradesh duly assessed to Nil Central Excise duty under the Notification No. 50/2003 CE dated 10.06.2003, and sold antivirus software in the CD form i.e.,   as   a   “packaged   software   or   canned   software”   both indigenously   by   remitting   appropriate   VAT   or   exported   the same. Disputes were raised by the tax authorities claiming that the activities of the appellant herein came within the ambit of the Information Technology Software Service as defined under 57 Section 65(105)(zzzze) of the Act 1994. The initial notices issued ended in the confirmation of demand on the ground that since the   appellant   was   providing   the   key   and   allowing   updates online, it amounted to digital delivery and therefore it would fall under the above taxable entry. 63. The   appellant   preferred   statutory   appeals   against   these orders passed by the Tribunal, Chennai Branch. 64.  The   Tribunal  was   pleased   to   grant  interim   stay  as  the appellant had paid VAT on the sale of the software. While the appeals were pending before the Tribunal, Chennai Branch, the Department continued to issue further show cause notices from time to time along with the issued statement of demand for these   periods.   The   appellant   filed   a   detailed   reply   dated 17.04.2018 contending that no service tax was payable as the liability towards the VAT had already been discharged and the software being goods could not be made exigible to service tax. Despite the clear pronouncement by this Court, an Order­in­ Original dated 26.04.2018 was passed confirming tax on the regime   value   charged   by   the   appellant   for   the   sale   of   the 58 software on which the VAT was paid including the value of the software   exported,   leading   to   the   excessive   demand   not authorized under law. Further, the authority observed in para 6.6 of his order that in terms of the judgment of this Hon’ble Court in  ,  the character of the software as goods cannot be TCS taken away and that it fell within the ambit of “deemed sales”. The said authority further imposed penalty and levied interest as well.  65.  The appellant filed Writ Petition No. 25923 of 2018 before the Madras High Court and a learned single Judge admitted the writ petition and also granted interim stay noting that the VAT had already been paid on the goods.  66.  While the writ petition was pending, the Tribunal, Chennai Branch followed the decision of the Tribunal, Delhi Bench in the case of  . (supra) and allowed the Quick Heal Technologies Ltd   appeals   filed   by   the   appellant   in   their   earlier   cases.   It   is significant   to   note   that   against   this   order   of   the   Tribunal, Chennai   Bench   no   further   appeal   has   been   filed   by   the 59 Department and thus, the view taken by the Tribunal became final in so far as the appellant is concerned. 67. When   the   above­mentioned   Writ   Petition   No.   25923   of 2018 came up for final disposal, the learned single Judge vide order dated 29.10.2020 dismissed the Writ Petition,   inter alia , on   the   ground   that   the   High   Court   was   not   bound   by   the decision of the Tribunal, Delhi Bench in the case of  Quick Heal Technologies Ltd.  and the appellant’s own order passed by the Tribunal, Chennai Bench. 68.  Aggrieved by the order of the learned single Judge, the appellant preferred the Writ Appeal No. 1881 of 2021 against the order dated 29.10.2020 passed by the learned single Judge in Writ Petition No. 25923 of 2018. The Division Bench vide order dated 05.08.2021 declined to interfere with the order of the learned single Judge on the ground that an earlier Division Bench decision of the Madras High Court in the case of     M/s Infotech   Software  Dealers   Association  v.   Union   of   India (supra)   covered   the   issue.   It   also   held   that   the   anti­virus 60 software   which   is   installed   in   the   hardware   would   interact whenever the user of the computer engages the system. 69. In   such   circumstances   referred   to   above,   the   appellant herein   has   come   up   before   this   Court   by   filing   the   present appeals. 70. These appeals should succeed in the light of the reasoning assigned by us while dismissing the Civil Appeal (Diary No. 24399 of 2020), as above.  71. However,   while   allowing   these   appeals,   we   may   only observe that in the case of   M/s Infotech Software Dealers Association v. Union of India  (supra) the challenge was to the validity   of   Section   65(105)(zzzze)   levying   service   tax   on   the information technology software service. The High Court held that the question whether the software is “goods” or not would depend on the facts and circumstances of individual case. It is evident   on   plain   reading   of   the   judgment   rendered   by   the Madras   High   Court   in   the   case   of   M/s   Infotech   Software   (supra)  that   it  has   not  referred   to the Dealers   Association 61 decision   of   this   Court   in   the   case   of   TATA   Consultancy (supra). Services  72. We take notice of the fact that the appellant herein had also filed a Review Petition No. 205 of 2021 against the order dated 05.08.2021 in the Writ Appeal No. 1881 of 2021, which came to be rejected vide order dated 20.12.2021. 73. In view of the judgment rendered above in Civil Appeal (Diary No. 24399 of 2020), these appeals should succeed and deserve to be allowed. 74. In   the   result,   the   appeals   are   allowed.     The   impugned order passed by the High Court dated 05.08.2021 in the Writ Appeal No. 1881 of 2021 as also the order dated 20.12.2021 passed in the Review Petition No. 205 of 2021 in Writ Appeal No. 1881 of 2021 are hereby set aside. 75.  There shall be no order as to costs. 62 76. Pending application(s), if any, also stands disposed of.   ……………………………………..J. (ABHAY S. OKA) …………………………………….J. (J.B. PARDIWALA) NEW DELHI; AUGUST 05, 2022 63