BOARD OF GOVERNORS IN SUPERSESSION OF MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA vs. PRIYAMBADA SHARMA

Case Type: Civil Appeal

Date of Judgment: 17-10-2022

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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).3507­3508 of 2020) BOARD OF GOVERNORS IN SUPERSESSION  OF MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA                 …APPELLANT(S) VERSUS DR.   PRIYAMBADA   SHARMA   &   OTHERS                       … RESPONDENT(S) WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).24800 of 2019) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).24021 of 2019) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).24023 of 2019) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 Signature Not Verified (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).24020 of 2019) Digitally signed by BABITA PANDEY Date: 2022.10.17 18:24:26 IST Reason: CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 1 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).27463 of 2019) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).26970 of 2019) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).7077 of 2021) CIVIL APPEAL NO(s).                    OF 2022 (Arising out of SLP(C) No(s).7111 of 2021) J U D G M E N T Rastogi, J. 1. Leave granted. 2. The Board of Governors of Medical Council of India (now, “The National Medical Commission”) has filed these appeals assailing the judgment of the High Court of Calcutta directing respondent no.2­West   Bengal   University   of   Health   Sciences   to   admit   the th respondent­candidates initially by interim orders dated 04   June th th 2019, 16   July, 2019 and 30   July, 2019 passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court of Calcutta granting provisional admission pursuant to interim orders to the student­applicants in 2 post­graduate medical courses beyond the cut­off date in complete ignorance of their placement in the order of merit in post­graduate medical courses, which were later disposed of by an Order dated th 4   November,   2019   on   the   premise   that  since   the   respondent­ students   have   undergone   six   months   of   post­graduate   medical course,   their   provisional   admission   stand   regularized   and   later directed to be treated as a regular post­graduate student.  3. Facts have been noticed from Civil Appeal @ SLP(C) Nos.3507­ 3508 of 2020 and Civil Appeal @ SLP(C) No.27463 of 2019. 4.   It is not disputed that the respondent­students are MBBS Doctors and appeared in NEET (PG)­2019 entrance examination seeking admission in State quota seats in post­graduate medical courses in medical colleges of the State of West Bengal for the academic year 2019­2020. 5. The result of NEET­PG was declared by the National Board of st Education   (NBE)   on   31   January,   2019.   The   minimum   cut­off qualifying marks for NEET examination are as follows:­ th 1) Unreserved category ­ 50  percentile – 340/1200 marks th 2) Reserved category(SC/ST/OBC)­40  percentile – 292/1200 marks 3 th 3) PwD – 45  percentile – 317/1200 marks  The NEET marks and the rank of the respondent­students are as under:­ 1) Priyambada   Sharma­NEET   Score:386/1200;   NEET Rank:57960 2) Priti Dhara ­ NEET Score:386/1200; NEET Rank:57948 3) Alankret   Dhillon   ­   NEET   Score:387/1200;   NEET Rank:57581 4) Anirban Bose ­ NEET Score:318/1200; NEET Rank:78437 5) Mohd.   Asif   Kabir   ­   NEET   Score:341/1200;   NEET Rank:71142 6) Kaustav De ­ NEET Score:626/1200; NEET Rank:24442 7) Sujan   Kr.   Ghosh   ­   NEET   Score:403/1200;   NEET Rank:53324 8) Pushpak Ghose ­ NEET Score:626/1200; NEET Rank:12177 9) Sanjib   Kr.   Choudhary   ­   NEET   Score:319/1200;   NEET Rank:78012 6. The   admission   schedule   for   the   academic   year   2018­19 onwards   for   post­graduate   courses   as   provided   in   the   Medical Council   of   India   Postgraduate   Medical   Education   Regulations, 2000(hereinafter   being   referred   to   as   the   “Regulations   2000”) amended upto May, 2018 is as follows:­ In the above Appendix the time schedule with regard to Broad Speciality has been substituted with the following in terms of 4 Notification published in the Gazette of India on 20.02.2018 and 05.04.2018. Admission  schedule  from   the  academic  year  2018­19  onwards  for Postgraduate courses (broad speciality):­
S.NoSchedule for<br>AdmissionCentral CounsellingState<br>Counsellin<br>g
All India<br>QuotaDeemed +<br>Central<br>Institute
1Conduct of ExamBy 10th January
2Declaration of<br>resultBy end of January
31st Round of<br>Counselling12th March­<br>24th March12th<br>March –<br>24th<br>March25th<br>March –<br>5th April
4Last Date of joining3rd April3rd April12th April
52nd Round of<br>Counselling6th April –<br>12th April6th April –<br>12th April15th April<br>– 26th<br>April
6Last date of joining22nd April22nd April3rd May
7Mop up Round12th May –<br>22nd May4th May –<br>8th May
8Last date of joining26th May12th May
9Forwarding the list<br>of students in order<br>of merit equalling<br>to ten times the<br>number of vacant<br>seats to the<br>Medical Colleges by<br>the Counselling<br>Authority27th May13th May
10Last date of joining31st May18th May
   Note: 1. All India Quota Seats remaining vacant after last date for joining th i.e. 10  May will be deemed to be converted into State Quota. th 2. Institute/College/Courses permitted after 28   February will not be   considered   for   admission/allotment   of   seats   for   current academic year. 5 3. In any circumstances, last date for admission/joining will not st be extended after 31  May. 4. For the purpose of ensuring faithful obedience to the above time­ schedule, Saturday, Sunday or Holidays (except National Holiday) shall be treated as working day. 5. The   following   Matrix   shall   be   applicable   with   regard   to permissibility   to   students   to   exercise   fresh   choice   during counselling:­
RoundFre<br>e<br>ExitExit with<br>forfeiture of<br>feesIneligible for<br>further<br>counsellingAmount of<br>registration<br>fee
AIQ I/<br>Deemed
AIQ II/<br>DeemedIf not<br>joine<br>dIf joinedGovernment<br>­Rs.25,000<br>(half for<br>SC/ST/OBC)<br>Deemed –<br>Rs.2,00,000
State<br>Quota I
State<br>Quota IIIf not<br>joine<br>dIf joinedGovernment<br>­Rs.25,000<br>(half for<br>SC/ST/OBC)<br>Private –<br>Rs.2,00,000
State Quota<br>Mop­Up
Deemed<br>Mop­Up
7. The admission schedule has to be rigidly followed in admission to the post­graduate courses and Note 3 appended thereto clearly stipulates   that,   in   any   circumstances,   last   date   for st admission/joining will not be extended beyond 31   May and no 6 deviation   from   the   admission   schedule   is   permissible   and   this schedule has been fixed by this Court pursuant to the judgment in 1 Mridul Dhar(Minor) and Another vs. Union of India and Others 2 followed in  Priya Gupta vs. State of Chhattisgarh and Others 3 and  Ashish Ranjan and Others vs. Union of India and Others . 8. It   will   be   relevant   to   note   that   this   Court   in   Mridul Dhar(Minor)   and   Another   (supra)   noted   that   there   was   no consistency in fixing the time schedule for admissions to medical courses   and   there   were   much   irregularities   in   maintaining   a prescribed schedule which has been exploited by medical colleges by   admitting   undeserved   students   and   that   was   affecting   the academic session. This Court intervened in the matter and fixed the time schedule for admission to the medical colleges including post­ graduate admissions and accordingly, the schedule was notified by the   Medical   Council   of   India   and   direction   was   given   for   strict adherence   of   rules   which   was   later   reiterated   in   Priya   Gupta followed by  (supra)  Ashish Ranjan and Others(supra). 1 (2005) 2 SCC 65 2 (2012) 7 SCC 433 3 (2016) 11 SCC 225 7 9. This  Court specifically  gave  its  approval  to the  admission   schedule which has been prescribed under the broucher of Medical Council of India (now, The National Medical Commission) for the academic   year   2018­19   onwards   for   the   post­graduate   medical courses   which   the   Commission   has   to   strictly   follow   and   no deviation is permissible in any circumstances and accordingly last st date for admission/joining will not be extended after 31  May.  10. It reveals from the record that after the admission/counselling st process   was   over   on   31   May,   2019,   approximately   153   seats remained vacant in State Quota of the post­graduate medical seats for the academic year 2019­20 and the respondent­students have failed in their attempt after participating in the last counselling in securing admission to  post­graduate  medical seat in any of  the specialty because of their much lower rank in the order of merit.  11. At this  stage,  the  respondent Dr. Priyambada Sharma and others filed their writ petitions before the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution with the grievance that although the final st round of counselling on 31  May, 2019 is over, the post­graduate seats for academic session 2019­20 are still available/lying vacant 8 and at least against the vacant seats, they may be considered for admission in the post­graduate medical course. th 12.  The learned Single Judge by interim orders dated 04  June, th th 2019,   16   July,   2019   and   30   July,   2019   in   a   batch   of   writ petitions directed the appellant to grant provisional admissions to the students in post­graduate medical courses by ignoring the cut­ st off date i.e. 31   May and also ignoring the principle of merit and th these interim orders were later made absolute by order dated 04 November, 2019 on the premise that the students have joined post­ graduate medical courses and have undergone training/education for   six   months   or   more   and   accordingly,   such   admissions   are regularized   and   each   of   them   who   have   joined   post­graduate medical course shall be treated as normal post­graduate student. 13.  These orders became a subject matter of challenge in special leave petitions before this Court and the interim orders and also the th final order dated 04   November, 2019 passed by the High Court were stayed by this Court in the respective special leave petitions. It is informed that so far as respondent Dr. Priyambada Sharma is concerned,  she  has  not continued  her  studies  since  September, 9 2019.   At the same time, in Civil Appeal @ SLP(C) No.27463 of 2019, respondent­students were allowed to pursue the course by the University despite the stay order granted by this Court.  14. Learned counsel for the appellant submits that the High Court has   committed   manifest   error   in   directing   the   provisional admissions   in   this   batch   of   appeals   in   post­graduate   medical st courses in the academic year 2019­20 beyond 31   May and that apart, the admission could not have been made on the principle of first­cum­first­serve regardless of their placement in the order of merit which is the touchstone for admissions to the post­graduate medical courses. Such orders passed by the High Court are not legally sustainable and deserve to be set aside. 15.  Learned counsel for the appellant further submits that merely because some of the students have been allowed to be continued on provisional basis in post­graduate medical courses despite the stay order passed by this Court, no sympathy can be claimed by them and such misplaced sympathy indeed will lay down a bad precedent and   submits   that   all   such   interim   orders   and   the   provisional admissions made of the respective respondents students in post­ 10 graduate medical courses for the academic year 2019­20 deserve to be quashed and set aside. 16. Learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   further   submits   that   in numerous cases, petitions have been filed in this Court seeking extension of time either on account of some particular exigency faced by any individual college or university but generally on the ground that large number of seats for post­graduate courses either remained unfilled or are lying vacant and this Court has declined such request with the direction that time schedule must be strictly adhered to.  17. On   the   other   hand,   learned   counsel   for   the   respondents submits that either of the respondent­student was not at fault and only because of the interim orders passed by the High Court in the first instance, the University could not conduct the second round of counselling within the time schedule and pursuant to the order of th the   Division   Bench   dated   30   May   2019,   the   second   round   of st counselling  was   held  on 31   May,  2019   and  on the  same  day, admissions to post­graduate medical courses were closed.  Only to meet out the aforesaid difficulty, interim orders were passed by the 11 High Court in the interest of justice.   In the first instance, the respondent­students   are   deprived   from   participating   in   a   fair st manner in the second round of counselling which was held on 31 May, 2019   and  that  was  the   reason  for   which  the   respondents approached the High Court by filing the writ petitions and taking the legitimate grievance of the students, interim orders were passed granting provisional admissions to post­graduate medical courses without disturbing the admissions already made and the students have become the victims of delay in holding the second round of counselling for the academic year 2019­20.  18. Learned counsel for the respondents further submits that the students were not at fault and any intervention made by the High Court   while   passing   the   interim   orders   in   the   first   instance interfering the admission process duly notified, in no manner, could be attributed to the students but ultimately down the line, it is the students who suffer and at least such of the students who have completed their course or are at the verge of completing the course, be   permitted   to   complete   the   course   and   to   appear   in   the examination and if that is not being permitted in the given facts and 12 circumstances, they will only lose three precious years of their life and neither the appellant nor anyone else is going to be benefitted.  19. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and with their assistance perused the material available on record. 20. That so far as the time schedule prescribed by the Medical Council of India in its Regulations, 2000 of which reference has been made for the academic year 2019­20 for admission to the post­graduate medical courses is concerned, it has to be strictly followed and that, in any circumstance, is not to be deviated.  Last date for admissions to the post­graduate medical course will not be extended after 31st May and the schedule has been prescribed in compliance of the judgments of this Court of which reference has been made in  Mridul Dhar(Minor) and Another(supra)  followed by this   Court   in     and   Priya   Gupta   (supra)   Ashish   Ranjan   and Others(supra)   and   this   Court   has   consistently   held   that   the schedule for admission to the post­graduate medical courses must be followed strictly leaving no discretion to any authority to permit admissions over the cut­off date under schedule for admission to st post­graduate medical courses i.e. 31  May. 13 21. That even when the complaints are made to this Court that large number of seats are lying vacant seeking extension of time to fill   those   unfilled   undergraduate/post­graduate   seats   of   medical courses, this Court always declined such requests and directed that schedule must be strictly adhered to. 22. This Court in  Education Promotion Society for India and 4 Another vs. Union of India and Others   held as under:­ “6.  In this case the petitioners want a general extension of time not on account of any particular difficulty faced by any individual college or university but generally on the ground that a large number of seats for the PG courses are lying vacant. It is stated that more than 1000 seats are lying vacant. In the affidavit filed by the UoI it is mentioned that as far as deemed universities are concerned   there   are   603   seats   lying   vacant.   However,   it   is important to note that out of 603 seats lying vacant only 31 are in clinical subjects and the vast majority (572) that is almost 95% of the seats are lying vacant in non­clinical subjects. There is no material on record to show as to what is the situation with regard to the remaining 400­500 seats. This Court however can take judicial notice of the fact that every year large number of non­ clinical seats remain vacant because many graduate doctors do not want to do postgraduation in non­clinical subjects. Merely because the seats are lying vacant, in our view, is not a ground to grant extension of time and grant further opportunity to fill up vacant   seats.   The   schedule   must   be   followed.   If   we   permit violation of schedule and grant extension, we shall be opening a pandora's box and the whole purpose of fixing a time schedule and laying down a regime which strictly adheres to time schedule will be defeated.” 4 (2019) 7 SCC 38 14
23. Further, this Court in Dr. Astha Goel and Others vs.<br>Medical Counselling Committee and Others5 held as under:­
“23. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid<br>two decisions to the facts of the case on hand and when the<br>Medical Counselling Committee and the Union of India have to<br>adhere to the time schedule for completing the admission process<br>and when the current admission of NEET­PG­2021 is already<br>behind time schedule and ever after conducting eight to nine<br>rounds of counselling, still some seats, which are mainly non­<br>clinical courses seats have remained vacant and thereafter when<br>a conscious decision is taken by the Union Government/the<br>Medical Counselling Committee, not to conduct a further Special<br>Stray Round of counselling, it cannot be said that the same is<br>arbitrary. The decision of the Union Government and the Medical<br>Counselling Committee not to have Special Stray Round of<br>counselling is in the interest of Medical Education and Public<br>Health. There cannot be any compromise with the merits and/or<br>quality of Medical Education, which may ultimately affect the<br>Public Health.
26.At the cost of repetition, it is observed and held that even
after eight to nine rounds of counselling, out of 40,000 seats,
1456 seats have remained vacant, out of which approximately,
more than 1100 seats are non­clinical seats, which every year
remain vacant, of which the judicial notice has been taken by
this Court in the case ofEducation Promotion Society for
India(supra).”
24.In the given facts and circumstances, in our considered view,
the interim orders passed by the High Court granting provisional
admissions in the post­graduate medical courses in the months of
June and July, 2019 by orders dated 04thJune, 2019, 16thJuly,
5 2022 SCC OnLine SC 734 15
2019 and 30thJuly, 2019 which were later made absolute by an
order dated 04th November, 2019 are not legally sustainable.
order dated 04thNovember, 2019 are not legally sustainable.
25.The feeble submission made by the respondents’ counsel that
a sympathetic view may be taken on the premise that they have
been allowed to continue in their respective post­graduate medical
courses for quite some time or few of them have completed the
course in the interregnum despite the order of stay granted by
this Court and the reliance placed on the judgment of this Court in
Medical Council of India vs. Ritwik & Others6, in our view, may
not be of any assistance for the reason that it was a case where the
student was selected in the counselling in the first year MBBS
course but was not granted admission due to his inability to pay
the fee before the last date i.e. 31stAugust, 2018 and he was
allowed to continue and pursue the course by interim order passed
by this Court. In the given peculiar facts and circumstances, his
admission was approved under the order of this Court. As far as
the cases of present respondents are concerned, they have
participated in the second round of counselling but failed to get any
,in our view, may
6 2021 SCC OnLine SC 3280 16
seat in the post­graduate medical course because of lower rank in
order of merit and by interim orders passed by the High Court,
provisional admissions were granted to them ignoring the principle
of merit which cannot be countenanced by this Court.
of merit which cannot be countenanced by this Court.
26.In our considered view, no sympathy can be shown to such
students who have not only entered/admitted after 31stMay of the
year but their admissions were completely in contravention to the
Regulations, 2000 and provisional admissions were granted by the
High Court ignoring the principle of merit which is the sole
touchstone for admission to the post­graduate courses based on the
NEET examination, 2019 where admissions are made strictly in the
order of merit­cum­preference and despite the stay order passed by
this Court, if they are allowed to continue in post­graduate medical
courses, the same would be completely illegal and such
contemptuous action on the part of the authorities, cannot be
approved by this Court.
approved by this Court.
27.Consequently, the appeals succeed and are accordingly
allowed. The impugned orders passed by the High Court in the
respective appeals are hereby quashed and set aside. No costs.
respective appeals are hereby quashed and set aside. No costs.
17
28.Pending application(s), if any, shall stand disposed of.
       …………………………….J. (AJAY RASTOGI) …………………………….J. (C.T. RAVIKUMAR) NEW DELHI; OCTOBER 17, 2022   18